CN106660743A - Safety device for operating an elevator - Google Patents
Safety device for operating an elevator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106660743A CN106660743A CN201580039535.2A CN201580039535A CN106660743A CN 106660743 A CN106660743 A CN 106660743A CN 201580039535 A CN201580039535 A CN 201580039535A CN 106660743 A CN106660743 A CN 106660743A
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- Prior art keywords
- brake
- hydraulic
- valve
- elevator
- actuator
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/06—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect
- B66D5/08—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect embodying blocks or shoes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/24—Operating devices
- B66D5/26—Operating devices pneumatic or hydraulic
Abstract
Elevator with an elevator car and at least one car brake unit - or better with at least two elevator car brake units acting on different rails or guide rails respectively each - whereas at least one brake lining can be operated with the help of a hydraulic actuator (11), whereas the at least one brake lining (16) is movably attached to the brake caliper (24) with the help of a leaf spring element or leaf spring package (27) that way that it is free from sliding guide.
Description
The present invention relates to the elevator of preamble according to claim 1, it has and acts on different track and/or lead
The elevator car brake unit of rail.
Background technology
The various completely different embodiment of elevator car brake unit is known and is realize elevator each
Required for planting completely different purpose.
For a long time, elevator is only equipped with mechanically actuated formula elevator car brake unit, and it is in an overspeed situation by staying
Speed limit rope behind lift car is activated.
In recent years, the demand of elevator car brake unit is being increased all the time.It is desirable to elevator car brake list
Unit's not only only management and control emergency such as lift car hypervelocity or free falling.But also should be able to use as brake, so as to
Reliability prevents from being located at the lift car accident car motion before bus stop in order to avoid leaving bus stop in advance, such as in the car of change
Under the influence of load-carrying.
Therefore, mechanically actuated formula elevator car brake unit is gradually lain on the table and grasped using hydraulic pressure on one side and more commonly
Make formula elevator car brake unit.To the demand of these elevator car brake units also more and more higher.Recently, it is also desirable to this
The elevator car brake unit of sample can in case of emergency tackle the adjustment of brake force itself, at least elevator car brake list
Unit in operation should be as unremarkable as possible, and especially they because applying suddenly very much and/or " intervention " or can not applied
Noise is sent in journey and interfere with row ladder comfortableness.
Actually it has been suggested that hydraulic operation formula elevator brake.These hydraulic pressure elevator brakes show braking
Pincers, here, brake lining activity is maintained in sliding guide mechanism.In these sliding guide mechanisms almost invariably
There is friction, friction reduces the power that hydraulic piston can be pressed onto brake lining on braking orbit or guide rail, or friction is initially
It is not considered as problematic, because hydraulic actuation power is large enough to without any problems overcome these frictional force.
Goal of the invention
But tightened inspection finds, if liquid braking device is not only used as emergency stopper, also transport in normal elevator
In row and especially task is being shouldered in the case of accurate control brake force, then the frictional force would is that what is especially disliked.Occur
Such case is because it cannot be guaranteed that frictional force always shows onesize in the long period, that is, keep constant.Exist on the contrary
Following danger, frictional force because it is dirty or or even corrosion and gradually change, thus brake force is not up to the actual maximum for being controlled,
But only reach the value reduced because of unexpectedly larger friction.
Present invention aim to address this problem.
Inventive solution
The purpose is reached using the feature of elevator according to claim 1.
That is, it is individually claimed or also with other claims or from specification and suitable accompanying drawing other are special
Levy and claim in combination solution below：
The elevator and/or each lift car brake component are so designed that, are existed in the horizontal and/or preferably by plate spring member
At least one active brake liner is kept on the direction for interact therewith track, i.e. completely no or essence
Upper no sliding guidance related to caliper.That is, the brake lining is supported or " suspension " by leaf spring, so as to it is available
Hydraulic coupling is forced on braking rail or guide rail by making leaf spring elastic deformation.When so done, leaf spring preferably protects brake lining
Hold in its precalculated position.That is, the brake lining is no along leaf spring longitudinal sliding motion or rolling, at least less than 1 millimeter.So
Just prevent to operate caliper to overcome the frictional force between brake lining seat and caliper, the frictional force may be current
Change under brake loading effects and/or with the time (burn into dirty etc.).This also contributes to accurate opened loop control or closed loop control
System.
Preferred embodiment is provided by dependent claims.
All preferably realize caliper in the form of floating clamp under any circumstance, so that the principle of the invention can be realized, be exactly
Say, caliper activity is maintained at lift car, so as to caliper can by the direction of guide rail motion and with regard to
Car guide rail (or more broadly say with regard to braking orbit) is from centering.
The track that the brake shoe that the longitudinal axis of plate spring member preferably completely or substantially parallel to it is kept is acted on extends.It is special
This, plate spring member is held against caliper in its along its longitudinal axis line direction two petiolareas opposite each other.Front in moving downward
Supporting be fixed bearing.The supporting delayed in moving downward is floating support, and floating support at least allows plate spring member at it
Small movements in longitudinal axis.This prevents from causing have stretching on the direction parallel to longitudinal axis in plate spring member migration process
Stress, the tensile stress resists plate spring member and further deforms, thus hinders brake lining further to move to track.
Must should be mentioned that, for this solution, can be with here using the passive braking lining being movably arranged in caliper
Piece (because it is with can resisting spring part power mobile).But or can also use and substantially or completely cannot be moved relative to caliper
The passive brake lining of ground placement, especially in the case where caliper is with the realization of floating clamp form, i.e., its floating mount is in elevator
On car or elevator car frame, bring in braking procedure relative to the guide rail as brake surfaces from the possibility in
Property.
It is desirable that the plate spring member is so designed that, once hydraulic actuator is retracted into " open position " and no longer applies any
To brake lining and/or brake lining seat, brake lining is pulled back and/or withdrawn to plate spring member to pressure and/or brake lining seat arrives it
Open position.This is avoided realizing the fixed company between brake lining and/or brake lining seat and at least one hydraulic actuator
Connect.On the one hand, this allows the actuator of several independent starts to act on identical brake lining seat and/or brake lining.Separately
On the one hand, actuator can only substantially transmit compression stress to brake lining and/or brake lining seat, and vice versa, and the fact is protected
Having demonstrate,proved brake lining and/or brake lining seat cannot transmit any substantial shearing force to actuator, and the shearing force is for example
Pull piston guide mechanism or the piston seal of actuator.
The caliper is preferably constructed so as to, caliper at least partly covers the brake lining kept by plate spring member, excellent
It is selected at its narrow end surface and covers, so as to brake lining is trapped within caliper, even if plate spring member failure, so as to cause can be whole
The brake action only having been turned on.
Several hydraulic actuators are preferably acted on single brake lining and/or brake lining seat, and these actuators all do not have
Single brake lining and/or brake lining seat are firmly connected to, here, without reference to other claim features
In the case of require separately protected whole further solution.So, brake force can be in cascaded fashion produced, to cause only
The position for needing the brake force of very little only operates an actuator, or and not all actuator operated, now at least one
Actuator stays open position, but in the case where maximum braking force is needed all actuators by common start.
It is preferred that being provided with least two elevator car brake units on the elevator of the present invention, they are designed in hydraulic pressure
Aspect is self-centered.If they include the complete or essence in so-called hydraulic pressure unit or control unit form mostly
Upper whole hydraulic connecting pipelines (all that pipeline that especially working chamber of cylinder is interconnected), all required valve, liquid
Press pump and (if desired) equalizing box and single actuator, situation just would is that so.Individually actuator can be integrated
Directly it is connected to thereon by flange into control unit or preferably in hydraulic conduction mode.So, each described elevator
Car brake unit can form closed hydraulic circuit, and need only be connected to for voltage after lift car is attached to
Supply and the electric connector of control signal supply, the hydraulic work in construction site is unwanted.Such lift car can
Thoroughly to complete in factory of manufacturer for hydraulic system.
It is probably that easily they show individually controllable to be equipped with least two elevator car brake units to elevator
Hydraulic actuator operation several active brake liners, so as to brake force can be applied by causing how many active brake liners
The fact affecting.As such, it is possible to save a part of brake lining, the brake lining be used to produce very high brake force and
It is prevented from contacting track in regular job.
Elevator car brake unit advantageously illustrates acceleration transducer, and it is used for corresponding lift car braking
The switch control rule of the brake force of device unit or closed-loop control, preferably do not involve what is individually put to good use by elevator car brake unit
Lift car is controlled.
It is desirable that the preferred direction communication of two or several elevator car brake units, that is, do not involve central elevator control
Device processed or or even lift car control device.They especially compare its acceleration transducer signals to find failure.
To elevator of the present invention advantageously, it is the lift car that separates to be preferably designed as with elevator car brake unit
Control device is designed to elevator cab movement, communicates with central elevator control gear, is directly supplied hoistway signal system
Signal, and can be with regard to central elevator control gear stand alone autonomous operation elevator car brake unit.
The lift car of elevator of the present invention ideally has with the Emergency Power of elevator cab movement.
The lift car preferably has the load measuring system for determining current elevator lift car load.
Separately protected elevator car brake unit is also required that, it is designed to realize thering is special lift car system
The elevator of dynamic device (as claimed).
Subject of the present invention or one kind are for opened loop control or closed-loop control according to disclosed by Fig. 3 a-3k and Fig. 4 a, 4b
The brake of hydraulic elevator as claimed in claim 1 method.
Other operator schemes, advantage and the designability of the present invention is from by the embodiment described in accompanying drawing.
The design of optionally/replacement
In order to illustrate the additional options that can improve the invention as limited just now, the description below must be mentioned：
A kind of elevator with lift car is proposed, lift car keeps acting at least two elevators on different tracks
Car brake unit.In theory, track can be single braking orbit, but adopt for this lift car certainly in practice
Track.
Each elevator car brake unit has caliper, and caliper is kept by one or several portions in the side of track
The corresponding passive brake lining divided the active brake liner for constituting and keep also being made up of one or several parts in opposite side.
In the case, only active brake liner is directly operated by least one hydraulic actuator.Or, actively
Brake lining can be by least one hydraulic actuator Jing, mono- lever or a lever system by indirect operation.
But under the influence of relevant pressure, at least one actuator neutralizes wholly or in part the work of the power of main spring unit
Be integrated into mostly in actuator with, the main spring unit and therefore become one part, the main spring unit tends to compressing
Brake lining reclines track.Under the influence of not being stressed in the direction of the opening, main spring unit is required for apply specified brake force
Power compressing brake lining recline track.In the case, passive brake lining can with but be not necessarily attached to auxiliary spring list
Unit, thus it can avoid the power certain hour (or to a certain degree) of auxiliary spring unit, as a result, active brake liner must shift to rail
Road is until reach the distance increase of braking limit.
Certainly, typically, at least one actuator does not act on brake lining itself, but acts on holding by one
The brake lining seat of the brake lining that individual or some is constituted.But, at least one actuator is to the brake lining seat
This effect is considered as the direct operation of brake lining.
Above-mentioned main spring unit is sized to, if all corresponding actuators are mainly depressurized completely or at least
So that they do not resettle any counter-force or obvious counter-force, then main spring unit is by with the power required for the specified brake force of generation
Make the brake lining brake that reclines in place.According to structure, it is considered to be from the maximum of corresponding elevator car brake unit
The brake force of brake force is referred to as specified brake force.This does not exclude the so-called excessive system that may accidentally realize in some cases
It is dynamic, because affecting at least one hydraulic actuator with hydraulic pressure so that it more strongly will be braked than what main spring unit to be accomplished
Liner is pressed against in orbit.But excessively braking is not in most cases provided.
As described, passive brake lining can alternatively be attached to auxiliary spring unit, thus it can avoid (i.e. by gram
Clothes) auxiliary spring unit power.This means that the spring force produced by auxiliary spring unit can be similar with main spring unit.In
It is, the auxiliary spring of palpus respective design strength.Typically, the interaction of main spring unit and auxiliary spring unit is so designed that, this two
Final (when specified brake force is applied) is in such position by individual spring unit, i.e., here its power is balanced and actively makes
Dynamic liner or passive brake lining and/or corresponding brake lining seat are not directly and no longer by corresponding affiliated spring unit pressure
By caliper.
This preferred embodiment is selected to solve following problems, i.e., known hydraulic elevator car brake unit does not typically have
There are response first and subsequently unexpected very kickback.Its reason is that the pressure reduced in hydraulic actuator is not produced at the beginning
Any brake action, because enough hydraulic fluids must be discharged so as to reality from the relevant work chamber of actuator first
On make brake lining contact track.But once brake lining has contacted track, brake force just increases suddenly, once this is because certainly
First working chamber is extracted again pressure of a small amount of hydraulic fluid then in the first working chamber out and is cleared up suddenly now.Such extreme response
System cannot be by reasonably opened loop control or closed-loop control.
By this preferred embodiment, the response characteristic of the hydraulic system is high balance.
Its reason is the fact that brake lining lays the track for reclining after brake lining administration not in braking lining
Strictly clamped between piece.Conversely, passive brake lining can avoid one section by overcoming the power of the increase of auxiliary spring unit
Time, the counter-force produced until the power produced by main spring unit and by auxiliary spring unit reaches balance.So, it is necessary to and can be with
The close track of active brake liner is further made to produce completely specified brake force, although it has got at the latter.Then,
Before still little initial brake force is changed into completely specified brake force in brake lining first contacts CloseTrack process, it is necessary to arrange
Out from the considerable amount of hydraulic fluid of the first working chamber of at least one hydraulic actuator.This is obviously reduced lift car system
The invasive of dynamic device unit response characteristic, and the response of elevator car brake unit can be made because the throttling of hydraulic fluid is arranged
Go out and/or or even opened loop control or the closed-loop control of current braking effort and it is softer.The latter can be by by some hydraulic fluids
Quick pumped back actuator working chamber makes other hydraulic fluid eject realization from actuator working chamber.
The elevator of the brake type with the present invention is outstanding for the system for realizing having following arrester control devices
Its is significant：
The elevator of the present invention can include the open ring control device of the liquid braking device for making lift car slow down or close
Ring control device, especially under improper travel situations such as overspeed situation.
As already described, the actuator includes the piston rod being connected with piston, and piston is according to being present in corresponding to piston
Hydraulic pressure and possible basis in first working chamber is present in hydraulic pressure in the second working chamber corresponding to piston and compensate wholly or in part
The power of main spring unit.
The speed of brake administration and/or the final power being urged to by the brake lining of rod operable used by track are led to
Hydraulic power source is crossed by opened loop control or closed-loop control.Pressure source on the pressure side at least one piston above-mentioned first working chamber
Filling hydraulic fluid.The suction side of pressure source can be from the second working chamber pumping hydraulic fluid of at least one piston.
Finally, additional control pipeline is set, it is connected the first working chamber with the second working chamber.Flow through the liquid of control pipeline
The actual flow velocity of pressure fluid is determined that the control valve is preferably designed as remote-controlled valve by valve is controlled.
The operation principle of control pipeline and the control valve for determining to flow through its actual flowing is as follows：
If control valve standard-sized sheet, the pressure that can occur between the first working chamber and the second working chamber is balanced.As a result,
Hydraulic fluid can be drained into by the second working chamber from the first working chamber by the piston of at least one main spring unit pretension, so as to brake
Device is applied.The appearance of such case is unrelated with following facts, i.e. pressure source may be being still tended to the (according to hydraulic pressure layout)
Tend to synchronously siphon away (suction) hydraulic fluid from the second working chamber while one working chamber filling pressurized hydraulic fluid.Standard-sized sheet
Control pipeline will also ensure pressure compensation related to this.
If control valve is fully closed, pressure compensation will not be proceeded through between the first working chamber and the second working chamber
The pressure compensation of pipeline.Because pressure source is suctioned out while pressurized hydraulic fluid is filled to the first working chamber from the second working chamber
The fact that hydraulic fluid (cannot realize the pressure compensation by pressure compensation pipeline), piston will be moved toward the second working chamber, directly
Fully open position has been reached to piston, and so, brake is released.
Obviously, the pressure compensation degree between the first working chamber and the second working chamber can be by so operating the control
By opened loop control or closed-loop control, i.e. its both non-standard-sized sheet is not also fully closed, so as to its actual flowed friction determines to apply to brake for valve
The size of power.
One extremely preferred embodiment regulation, at least one valve is the switching valve for the operation of special on-off.
Such valve is not proportioning valve.The characteristics of proportioning valve is that it enters the fixation between " fully closed " and " standard-sized sheet " by making its valve element
Position and thus reserve regulation corresponding to the hydraulic pressure effective cross section of desired flow rate controlling to flow through the flow velocity of hydraulic path.With
It is that the valve element that it has cannot be adopted between " fully closed " and " standard-sized sheet " the characteristics of the above-mentioned valve of special on-off operation
Fixed centre position, as long as being at least energized.(according to particular design) can be exactly " complete by only fixed position that valve element is adopted
Close " position or " standard-sized sheet " position.
Controlled by switching valve element back and forth between "ON" and " closing " through the flow velocity of hydraulic path, it is this back and forth
Switching preferably should repeated in 1 second.It is desirable that switching frequency reaches 15 hertz or higher.
For special on-off operation valve be seat valve be favourable, if that is, valve is closed, the valve seat that valve has
(fluid tight) valve element in sealing contact.
Valve for the operation of special on-off is preferably controlled by pulsewidth modulation or frequency modulation(PFM) or its combination.
There are two kinds different to complete the pattern for toggling：
First mode is so switching, i.e. valve element against its valve seat, is transported so as to valve element starts and reversely before handover
It is dynamic.According to same way, the valve is before handover again against the backstop for limiting its " maximum open position ".Thus, the liquid of the valve
How long how long pressure resistance can be controlled by determining that in each time interval the valve is fully closed with the valve standard-sized sheet.
Second mode is referred to as " trajectory " pattern：It is constantly present against before valve seat from making valve element a side in valve element
Motion upwards is switched to the switching for making it move in the opposite direction.In the same fashion, valve against it is limited, " open by maximum
Exist again in switching before the backstop of position ".
Thus, " shock " number of times between valve element and valve seat and/or backstop is significantly reduced, with regard to contact zone abrasion and/
Or for fatigue be to accumulate extremely favourable.
The combining form of the first and second operational modes is feasible.
In any case, people can this valve be called " pulse " valve.This allows extremely dynamic when accurate management and control is needed
Control, andfrictional conditions that for example management and control may change along guide rail in short distance and/or management and control are in lift car only above well
Wire cable rupture when several meters.One important advantage is that pulse valve obviously can more tolerate the solid particle of pollution hydraulic fluid, because
Pulse valve (being different from guiding valve) is not slack in following positions, and the position forms little particle that can be entrained by hydraulic fluid and blocks up
The close gap of plug.
According to another preferred embodiment, the hydraulic system also has in addition to the Stress control pipeline with control valve
There is the throttle pipe with throttling control valve applied for the noise abatement of liquid braking device among lift car stop layers or afterwards
Line, and/or the short-circuit pipeline with short valve quickly applied for brake in case of emergency, and/or for not opening
Hydrodynamic press pump just discharges brake and starts the terraced brake discharge line with brake relief valve of new row with enable.
Above-mentioned choke flow line can realize the soft administration of brake, thus lift car stopped or will stop layers when
Elevator car brake is applied in order to avoid avoiding sending audible noise when unexpectedly car is moved.It is comfortable that this mainly improves row ladder
Property.When throttling control valve V3 is standard-sized sheet, choke flow line still shows flowed friction, and the flowed friction is more preferably greater than corresponding at its
The flowed friction of control pipeline and/or short-circuit pipeline when valve is standard-sized sheet.
Quickly administration ensure that redundancy for brake to provide the additional short-circuit pipeline with short valve.If short valve is
The valve opened when not being energized, in the system absolute failure safety is become, and when an emergency happens, brake will be applied,
Even if in the case of power control and/or battery failures.The best very little of flowed friction of short-circuit pipeline.Thus, hydraulic fluid can
Another working chamber is quickly drained into from one of working chamber so that brake is applied as early as possible.
Additional brake discharge line with brake relief valve improves again takes comfortableness.
The brake discharge line will keep at least one cause of the actual closure of brake in brake relief valve start
Dynamic device and accumulator or even do not apply at least one other brake actuator interconnection of braking maneuver this moment.It is possible thereby to send out
The raw pressure between at least one active brake actuator and accumulator or at least one non-active brake actuator
Compensation.It discharges active brake actuator can at least up to start the degree of new row ladder.Advantage is need not in this stage
Hydraulic pump is operated at least partly to discharge brake.Subsequently, once speed of elevator car movement is high to exceeding or hide by liquid
The noise that press pump sends, then hydraulic pump be actuated to ensure complete brake release and/or be actuated to the accumulator or
At least one other brake actuator feed flow of quiet brake release is involved.
The brake is preferably included in the hydraulic actuator of initial specification and is associated with least the two of at least one brake(-holder) block
It is individual, and one of them described hydraulic actuator is used as hydraulic accumulator in normal operation, the hydraulic accumulator does not operate liquid
Press pump ground conveys the pressure required for opening elevator car brake when setting out and starting.Required for being provided with this operation of execution
Corresponding valve.
The basis of this way is following tricks of the trade：It is administered to guide rail to stop the one of unexpected car motion to open to belong to
First brake(-holder) block of the first brake(-holder) block of group, it is another in second group of brake(-holder) block at least so that elevator cab movement can be started again at
Second brake(-holder) block is moved toward guide rail so that not hindering the beginning.The motion of second brake(-holder) block causes to open the first braking
Amount of hydraulic fluid movement required for piece.Even if need not, now can also along guide rail drag one in the brake(-holder) block or
Two, but this is harmless.Once lift car obtains speed again, hydraulic pump is just activated and ensures to withdraw completely/carry now
Rise the brake(-holder) block.
Other operational modes, advantage and the designability of the present invention is from by the embodiment described in accompanying drawing.
List of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the first foundation conception for understanding the elevator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the second basis conception for understanding the elevator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 a are illustrated using independent two groups of actuators, different switch valves and the control valve for special on-off operation
The hydraulic tube line chart of the first embodiment of car brake unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 b are illustrated using independent two groups of actuators, the pump drive of speed variable but not used for special on-off behaviour
The hydraulic tube line chart of the second embodiment of the car brake unit of the present invention of the control valve of work.Fig. 3 c are illustrated using only one group cause
The 3rd embodiment of dynamic device, additional accumulator and the car brake unit of the present invention for controlling valve for special on-off operation
Hydraulic tube line chart.
Fig. 3 d illustrate using two groups of actuators, different switch valves and for special on-off operation control valve this
The hydraulic tube line chart of the fourth embodiment of bright car brake unit.
Fig. 3 e are illustrated and Fig. 3 d identical hydraulic tube line charts, and Fig. 3 e are illustrated through the flow direction of each hydraulic valve.
Fig. 3 f illustrate the slightly change of the hydraulic tube line chart according to Fig. 3 d, and valve V4 heres have been changed.
Fig. 3 g illustrate the slightly change of the hydraulic tube line chart according to Fig. 3 d, and valve V3 and V4 here as shown in Figure 3 d is combined
Valve V34 is substituted.
Fig. 3 h are illustrated using only one group actuator, additional accumulator, different switch valves and the use arranged in a special way
In the hydraulic tube line chart of the 7th embodiment of the car brake unit of the present invention of the control valve of special on-off operation.
Fig. 3 i illustrate the hydraulic pressure of the 8th embodiment of the of the present invention car brake unit closely related with the structure of Fig. 3 h
Conduit line map, it is special that it adopts the only one group actuator arranged in a special way, additional accumulator, different switch valves and two to be used for
With the control valve of on-off operation.
Fig. 3 j are illustrated using two groups of actuators and according to what special shape was arranged together with other valves and grasped for special on-off
The hydraulic tube line chart of the 9th embodiment of the car brake unit of the present invention of the control valve of work.
Fig. 3 k illustrate the hydraulic tube line chart of the tenth embodiment of the simplified modification based on the 9th embodiment.
If Fig. 3 L illustrate that for the opened loop control of one or more actuators 11 or the pressure source of closed-loop control be not hydraulic pressure
Pump 19 itself and can directly and adopt without intermediate means hydraulic pressure configuration principle.
Fig. 4 a are illustrated using the 11st reality of independent two groups of actuators, the pump drive of speed variable and several switch valves
Apply the hydraulic tube line chart of example.
Fig. 4 b are illustrated based on the general principle as the embodiment of Fig. 3 b and compared to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 a
The hydraulic tube line chart of the 12nd embodiment being simplified.
Fig. 5 illustrates an actively beneficial embodiment of the present invention with seeing obliquely from the front.
Fig. 6 illustrates the sectional view along A-A of the positive beneficial embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 5 with seeing obliquely from the front.
Fig. 7 be illustrate again actively and passively brake lining seat how to be maintained at by laminated leaf spring it is basic in caliper
The view of principle.
Preferred embodiment shown in the drawings
General preliminary comment
Some general preliminary comments are made herein for described elevator in preferred embodiment framework, it is fitted
For all of embodiment：
The elevator includes being preferably designed to the drive unit for lift 1 and lift car 4 of gearless, and lift car is along elevator
Car guide rail 2 is directed the longitudinal guide of device 3 when travelling, and it is typically in the form of closing railway carriage or compartment room.
Elevator is preferably steel wire rope elevator, and it is maintained on many hoist cables, and hoist cable is not illustrated by symbol and passed through mostly
The traction sheave that drive unit for lift is driven is directed, and traction sheave is also had been not shown.
Therefrom, hoist cable directly or indirectly extends to counterweight, and counterweight can be in counterweight moving on rails, and counterweight here is not yet
Illustrated by symbol.They are attached to counterweight or they bear the counterweight installed according to assembly pulley form.
Elevator of the invention preferably abandons so-called driving brake, or only for it is standby the reason for and adopt
The latter.Related to this, " driving brake " is not the driving means regeneration operation for possible energy regenerating, but additional
Mechanical brake, it typically acts on the braked wheel or brake disc being connected with drive shaft, for example to keep away when stop is stopped
Exempt from unexpected car motion.
The elevator abandons traditional hypervelocity control device, exceeds the speed limit control device to be fixed to the endless rope of lift car
Form realize that therefore by its imperative operation, and the rope, by hypervelocity control device operation, the hypervelocity control device is exceeding
The rope is braked during certain speed, mechanical force is then produced, the mechanical force starts lift car clamping device, then makes lift car
Stop.
Conversely, the elevator of the present invention is in most of the cases equipped with hoistway massaging device.Typically, the latter is by route benchmark
5 and displacement transducer 6 constitute, the route benchmark is fixedly mounted along travel route close to lift car 4, the displacement transducer quilt
It is attached to lift car and interacts with route benchmark 5.In the case, hoistway information system can not only determine road, and
Be on the contrary can with or preferred determine related velocity information and/or acceleration information.
Or, hoistway information system can also or additionally (standby) is made up of measurement apparatus, it passes through one or more
The wheel rolled on track and/or guide rail collects the information with regard to route, speed and/or acceleration.
Again, alternatively or additionally, hoistway information system can be made up of contactless rangefinder, and it continues or close
The current distance ordinatedly measured to reference to fixing point is cut, this is preferably placed in hoistway hole and/or hoistway head with reference to fixing point, and
The information of route, speed and/or acceleration needed for thus collecting.Hoistway massaging device preferably passes through such as in hoistway hole extremely
A few reference point measures absolute position.
First basic conception
Fig. 1 illustrates the function that can be used for the above-mentioned type elevator for realizing first embodiment of the invention.
In the case of the first conception, equipped with deadman's brake ESB, it is preferably by least two for elevator of the invention
Electronic elevator car brake unit 7a, 7b composition, they are connected to lift car and act on and lead in different positions
Rail.Typically, each described elevator car brake unit of formation deadman's brake is so designed and can be by lift car
Control device 10 is controlled, i.e. whereby the application rate or power of its brake lining can be affected.The control device of the lift car
10 can be the control device for being specific to brake, and it does not control the keying of other functions such as car door.In order to control it
Its function, lift car can be equipped with another control device realized in separate part form, and the device is not by Fig. 1 or Fig. 2
Illustrate.The control device for being only associated with brake can be by physical integration to brake unit.
As such, it is possible to improve row ladder comfortableness, such as because softer administration brake lining becomes after stop is stopped
It is feasible, do not make a noise or almost do not make a noise.Alternatively, security also can be improved, because it is contemplated that very
Slower and thus more mildly startup braking in the case of rule row ladder.In order to realize deadman's brake ESB, it is preferred to use below will
The elevator car brake unit more described in detail in the application framework.
In addition, elevator of the invention is equipped with electronic additional brake ESG, itself is preferably electronic by least two
Additional brake unit 8a, 8b are constituted, and they are attached to the different parts of lift car and act on guide rail.Additional brake
ESG is controlled also by the control device 10 of lift car.For the sake of complete and it is to be noted that the control device of lift car
10 can be alternatively the control device for being only attached in and being possible to be integrated in car brake.Then, it can be by
The referred to as control device 10 of elevator car brake.It is so designed that additional brake is probably favourable, i.e. with deadman's brake
And its preferably variable response time is compared with response intensity, the response time of additional brake is always most short, and response intensity is total
It is highest.The brake in traditional brake gear, safety tongs and progressive safety gear form can be adopted in the case
Unit.
But typically, they are not designed to individually not apply required brake force, and simply apply one part,
And the remainder of maximum required brake force is applied by deadman's brake.Then, different from standard, the free falling feelings of worst
Condition by deadman's brake and additional brake come co- controlling, so as to cause these brakes necessarily to interact.
It should be mentioned that the control of deadman's brake ESB and the control of additional brake ESG are preferably by above-mentioned elevator
Car control device is completed, or brake described at least one of which can also be controlled by central elevator control gear and/
Or triggering.
In order to realize additional brake ESG, preferably such brake unit is also as described later in the application framework
Inside be used, you can cascade operation and will be for realizing that the brake unit needed for deadman's brake is combined with additional brake
Into the brake unit of single elevator car brake unit.
Preferably realize power distribution between deadman's brake ESB and additional brake ESG, with realize two brakes it
One can apply at least the 40% of brake force, more preferably at least 45%, and the brake force is pacified in the case of lift car full and down
Necessary to full control free falling, and supply 100% brake force part and applied by another brake.With regard to the two brakes
Preferably not fully or it is substantially identical for, additional brake ESG is preferably capable of applying that of more a part of brake force
Brake.
In order to realize the present invention and it may be advantageous that according to the teaching of the first conception, deadman's brake ESB and additional system
Dynamic device ESG is attached to the different parts of lift car.Brake unit 8a, 8b of the additional brake ESG of strong reaction is excellent
Choosing is attached in the lower half of lift car, ideally in the lower a quarter of lift car.The soft safety system of reaction
Elevator car brake unit 7a, 7b of dynamic device ESB is preferably attached in the first half of lift car, ideally in elevator car
In the upper a quarter in railway carriage or compartment.
As already described, the control device 10 of lift car can be set, and it is moved with lift car 4.Control device
10 is the above-mentioned type.The control device 10 of lift car preferably with perform stairlift unit comprehensive management elevator control gear 9
Communication.Even so, the control device 10 of lift car is typically also configured to its energy auto-action, i.e., open loop is performed automatically
Control or closed-loop control.
Typically, the control device 10 or elevator car brake itself (brake unit itself) of lift car equipped with
Emergency Power, even if thus under powering-off state, Emergency Power at least can keep additional brake ESG open and control it.
Typically, the control device 10 of already mentioned lift car is connect directly to hoistway information system, then continues
Ground directly Jing central authorities elevator control gear 9 receive or Jing central authorities elevator control gear 9 receive with processing current route, speed and/
Or the information of acceleration, it can determine whereby the current location of lift car and current motion state.
The information of the route, speed and/or the acceleration that convey with hoistway information system and by it independently, lift car
Control device 10 can be added including at least one, more preferably at least two acceleration transducers, and they individually produce acceleration
Signal or the acceleration signal using the sensor being included in brake unit.It is so designed that brake is an option,
I.e. they can be by the acceleration signal of above-mentioned acceleration transducer by direct start.
As already described, to be preferably connected directly to ESB deadman's brake 7a, 7b and ESG attached for lift car control device 10
Plus brake 8a, 8b, with cause lift car control device 10 can be independent start deadman's brake ESB and (and if need
Want additional brake ESG), do not involve central elevator control gear 9.
The control device 10 of lift car preferably includes the circuit of two independent roles, and one of them is considering hoistway information
ESB deadman's brake 7a, 7b are controlled under system situation, another is considering the letter from least one coriolis acceleration sensor
ESG additional brake 8a, 8b are controlled in the case of breath.
The control device 10 of lift car and deadman's brake ESB and additional brake ESG and (alternatively) central authorities electricity
The combination of terraced control device, it is designed to realize at least one of following condition, more preferably several and preferably all：
Free falling：
If free falling is for example found because there is abnormal acceleration signal and without power-off, preferably pacify
Full application of brake device ESB and additional brake ESG are activated, so as to their common brakings.Hereby, the startup of deadman's brake ESB
It is preferred that so carrying out, i.e., it is at full throttle applied.Same situation is preferably adapted to additional brake ESG, as long as the latter is not
It is configured to it always at full throttle to apply after its startup.
Hereby, deadman's brake ESB and additional brake ESG are designed to them and are assisted jointly with the deceleration of 0.2g to 1g
Make to intercept the lift car for being furnished with rated load, and 1g can be can exceed that with the deceleration of sky lift car.
Typically, the startup of deadman's brake ESB is by by the signal conveyed by hoistway signal system and by lift car
At least one first circuits of brake are occurring.Starting for additional brake ESG can be additional by above-mentioned at least one
Acceleration transducer or by least one other independent circuits of elevator car brake control device occurring.
If there is abnormal acceleration signal for example while in power-off and finding free falling, safety arrestment
Device ESB is responded because of power-off, unless be based on by hoistway information system or at least one because high acceleration is crossed before it
The signal that acceleration transducer is conveyed is activated.Typically, occur inevitably to apply (closure) peace under powering-off state
Full application of brake device ESB, this is because the power for maintaining it in open position disappears because of power-off.Additional brake ESG is different.
It is connected to the Emergency Power for actually keeping it to open, so as to additional brake ESG itself is not still opened because of power-off
It is dynamic, but preferably because described at least one additional acceleration transducer conveying shows the acceleration signal or electricity of free falling
The control device of terraced car brake finds the car undermoderated by ESB.If Emergency Power also fails, additional brake
Device ESG will also be applied because of power-off.
Here, the two brakes are designed to them again can be furnished with specified with the cooperation interception of the deceleration of 0.2g to 1g
The lift car of load, and can exceed that 1g with the deceleration of sky lift car.
Promptly stop ladder：
Open during ladder of being for example expert at because of one of elevator shaft door and promptly stopping in the case of ladder without power-off,
Deadman's brake ESB is started by safety return circuit, and additional brake keeps invalid.Deadman's brake is preferably at full throttle applied
With.
Hereby, deadman's brake is preferably designed to the deceleration that it causes less than 1g with this startup, usually because
Have an instinct for less than 1g for its obtainable maximum deceleration degree.
Similarly, same situation is applied to the interference for promptly stopping ladder and power-off, and difference is deadman's brake by disconnected
Electricity is activated, unless had responded to before safety return circuit.
Hypervelocity (tow strap)：
If for example because there is ultraspeed signal (in the case of may at the same time having the acceleration signal of non-critical)
And detecting tow strap hypervelocity and without power-off, then deadman's brake ESB will be activated, and additional brake ESG is stayed open.
The deadman's brake is preferably at full throttle applied.Hereby, deadman's brake is designed to its deceleration of applying less than 1g.One
As, the startup of deadman's brake by by the signal conveyed by hoistway information system occurring.
Similarly, same situation is applied to the interference of tow strap hypervelocity and power-off, and difference is deadman's brake by disconnected
Electricity is activated, unless responded before safety return circuit.
Stop is stopped：
Deadman's brake ESB is activated, and additional brake ESG is stayed open.
The startup of deadman's brake ESB is slowed down and is occurred, to realize being applied before maximum braking force and/or confining force is reached
The speed of deadman's brake is reduced in order to not send disturbs people's noise.
If there is power-off at the place of stopping, deadman's brake ESB because power-off close completely (unless having this has been doned) and
And be always maintained at closing during power-off.But additional brake ESG is stayed open.
Deadman's brake ESB will be closed always, if so as to lift car has pulled up the correct position stopped, it
Lift car is maintained at into certain position, no matter because here stops the loading and unloading and the current lift car weight that changes at place
How.
So load and uninstall process after do not throw open but the opening deadman's brake ESB that slows down possibly has
Profit, i.e., lift car does not have to decline several millis noticeablely under load that now may be heavier before actual row ladder is started
Rice.The control device 10 of lift car is by respective design.
This moment, it is important that emphasize again that another invention (also requiring that independent protective) be so improve and design elevator and
Its brake, i.e. when starting to sail out of, elevator car brake (being in most cases deadman's brake ESB) is by storage
Pressure in accumulator is opened, and hydraulic pump delay start.This substantially improves row ladder comfortableness：Hydraulic pump will be in elevator
Car is not activated again with producing before the speed that be enough to cover the traveling noise that hydraulic pump makes a noise is travelled.It is best for this
Additional brake ESG is used as the above is described in more detail as accumulator.It is provided with the speeds control for hydraulic pump
Device is an advantage, and it allows to improve hydraulic pump speed according to the elevator car speed accelerated when new row ladder starts.This
Sample, hydraulic pump is preferably controlled such, and its rotating speed and the noise that further it sends are with the actual speed of the lift car for leaving stop
Spend and increase.
Wait ladder
If, in ladder is waited i.e. in its waiting position for next row ladder, deadman's brake ESB will for lift car
Remain closed to reduce energy consumption.But additional brake ESG is stayed open and is kept stopping any reason to occur no matter
Intervene at once during free falling.
Emergency terminal is slowed down
Deadman's brake ESB and its correspondence control device are preferably designed as deadman's brake and once have found lift car
Just closed be close to minimum stop or highest stop with too high speed for normally stopping ladder.
Emergency relief
Deadman's brake ESB and its affiliated control device are preferably designed as automatic emergency occurring when pressing the button
Rescue：When corresponding startup, deadman's brake ESB is partially opened, so as to lift car can be moved to the speed being limited it is attached
Near stop, even without the motor power by car or the main weight-driven of counterweight.Motor here equipped with traction sheave behaviour
Preferably will be shorted to produce braking moment during work.
Guard space in pit or hoistway head
Deadman's brake ESB and its corresponding control device are preferably designed as once finding that someone enters pit or well
Trace header they will automatically ensure the guard space in pit or hoistway head.
Second basic conception
Fig. 2 illustrates the function of the elevator of the above-mentioned type, and it can be used to realize the second embodiment of the present invention.
In the case of this embodiment, according to the present invention equipped with deadman's brake ISB, it is by least one and best for elevator
Two electronic elevator car brake unit 7'a, 7'b are constituted, and they are attached to the different parts of lift car and effect
In guide rail.
Deadman's brake ISB can be so designed and control, i.e., its application rate can be affected, and its brake force
Can be affected, be affected preferably by closed-loop control.
Different from the first embodiment of the present invention, here is not provided with additional brake.Deadman's brake ISB is designed to
It being capable of the independent all possible normal and abnormal operation conditions of management and control.
For this purpose, each described elevator car brake unit 7'a, 7'b is equipped with least one actuator, it is more preferably several
Actuator, it is preferably made up of several piston-cylinder units, especially for acquisition partial redundance.
In addition, being typically provided Emergency Power, it gives deadman's brake ISB and in most cases to hoistway signal system
Energy supply.
It is system that it is designed and configured to make to be provided by elevator car brake unit with regard to the special thing of this system
Power can be by opened loop control and/or preferably by closed-loop control.
Acceleration transducer 10a, the 10b of itself is preferably associated with each elevator car brake unit 7'a, 7'b, its letter
Number it is the opened loop control of the brake force of corresponding elevator car brake unit 7'a, 7'b or the preferably basis of closed-loop control.
Corresponding acceleration transducer 10a, 10b are preferably integrated into and/or are connected to corresponding elevator car brake unit.It is preferable
Ground, at the generation of control signal and/or adjustment signal for elevator car brake unit 7'a and/or 7'b and corresponding signal
Reason also directly within corresponding elevator car brake unit and/or part occur.For this purpose, each elevator car brake list
Unit is preferably designed to it and is worked in the self-sufficient mode of hydraulic pressure, i.e., each elevator car brake unit has the hydraulic pressure of itself
A complete set of hydraulic valve, pipeline and other hydraulic pressure auxiliary required for pump 19, the equalizing box of itself or pressure equalising vessel 20 and its operation
Facility.
Several elevator car brake units are connected with each other, and are preferably joined directly together, but at least through lift car
The control device connection of brake.Then, its corresponding signal and/or action can be compared with each other to be found in early stage
Presumable failure.It is desirable that or even there is dual connection：Between several elevator car brake units, both existed and passed through
The direct information of holding wire 10c is exchanged, and the collateral information that there is also the control device by elevator car brake is exchanged.
If it find that failure, then lift car will be stopped after next bus stop is reached.
The system is designed to realize at least one of following condition, more preferably several and preferably all.
Free falling：
If such as finding free falling because there is corresponding high acceleration signal, brake is applied simultaneously with prestissimo
And preferably by such closed-loop control, i.e. deceleration of the setting less than 1g, it is generally desirable to subtract in medium between 0.5g to 0.7g
Velocity form.As it was previously stated, acceleration transducer 10a, 10b are assigned to each elevator car brake unit, its signal quilt
For adjusting.Because there is closed-loop control, therefore lift car is allocated which type of load is unimportant, required deceleration
Always it is conditioned.
This is also suitable under powering-off state, as long as Emergency Power is powered correctly play a role.
If such as finding free falling because there is corresponding high acceleration signal and if total power-off (electric wire electricity also occur
Stream interrupts and Emergency Power failure), deadman's brake ISB will make a response because of power-off, unless it is because crossing high acceleration
And be based on the information that hoistway information system conveyed and started in advance.The latter keeps it generally because following facts will occur
Power in an open position disappears because fully powered-off.
Promptly stop ladder：
In the case where for example promptly ladder is stopped because one of elevator door is opened during taking, safety arrestment
Device ISB is started by safety return circuit.The preferred prestissimo of the deadman's brake is applied.Then, deadman's brake is preferably so closed
Ring is controlled, i.e., it causes the deceleration less than 1g, it is generally desirable in the medium deceleration form between 0.5g to 0.7g.
Similarly, same situation (cuts off wire current and urgent electricity suitable for promptly stopping terraced and fully powered-off interference
Fail in source), difference is exactly that deadman's brake is started by power-off, unless responded before safety return circuit.In the case, safety system
Dynamic device will produce maximum deceleration.
Hypervelocity (tow strap)：
If for example because there is ultraspeed signal (may have at the same time in the case of the acceleration signal of non-critical)
It was found that tow strap hypervelocity, then deadman's brake will be activated.The deadman's brake preferably at full throttle apply and therefore preferably by
So control, i.e. deceleration of the setting less than 1g, ideally in the medium deceleration form between 0.5g and 0.7g.
Stop is stopped：
Deadman's brake ISB is activated.
The startup of deadman's brake preferably occurs by choke valve or by opened loop control or closed-loop control, to realize safety
The application rate of brake is affected by choke valve or opened loop control or closed-loop control and/or is reduced and disturbed people and make an uproar so as not to produce
Sound.This might mean that the deadman's brake is closed with all strength, but it had taken certain hour before it can obtain with all strength.
If had fully powered-off (wire current interrupt and Emergency Power failure) at the place of stopping, deadman's brake ISB because
Power-off and close (unless this has been doning) completely and interior during power-off remain closed.
The deadman's brake will always be closed, if so as to lift car has pulled up the correct position stopped, it
Lift car is maintained on certain position, no matter because of the here place of stopping loading and the current weight of the lift car for unloading and changing
How is amount.
This moment, it is important that emphasize again that another invention (also requiring that separately protected) be so improve and design elevator and its
Brake, i.e. when beginning is sailed out of, elevator car brake ISB is opened by the pressure being stored in accumulator, and hydraulic pressure
Pump delay start.It has been explained hereinbefore that details.
Emergency terminal is slowed down
Elevator car brake ISB and its correspondence control device are preferably designed as once finding lift car with for just
Too high speed is just closed be close to minimum or highest stop deadman's brake for often stopping.
Emergency relief
Elevator car brake ISB and its corresponding control device are preferably designed as will be occurred certainly when pressing the button
Dynamic emergency relief：When corresponding startup, elevator car brake ISB is partially opened, so as to lift car can be with limited speed
Degree moves to neighbouring stop, even without the motor power by mainly car or the weight-driven of counterweight.Equipped with traction sheave
Motor preferably will be shorted to produce braking moment in this operating process.
Guard space in pit or hoistway head
Elevator car brake ISB and its control device are preferably designed as once finding that someone enters pit or hoistway
Head they will automatically ensure the guard space in pit or hoistway head.
The hydraulic principle of elevator car brake unit of the invention
First of all, it is necessary to provide the general information of the brake unit with regard to the present invention.
In theory, for only arranging in car brake unit of the present invention is just much of that.Thus it is also claimed to this.Electricity
Terraced car is preferably equipped with the car brake unit of the present invention of at least two and different rail interactions.
First of all, it is necessary to provide some general informations with regard to the valve.
Referred to below as the valve of V1 is so-called short valve, and it blocks or disconnect and directly the first of hydraulic actuator works
The so-called short-circuit pipeline of the interconnection of 14 and second working chamber of chamber 15.The valve will need brake hard to terminate abnormal operating condition
In the case of be opened.Valve V1 is used to make brake be changed into failure safe, this is because it ensures that quick brake is applied, i.e.,
Just other valves are without correct work.
Unless otherwise defined, otherwise referred to below as the valve of V2 is so-called control valve, its opened loop control or closed-loop control
Moment brake force in braking procedure.The valve of the V2 types is preferably in the valve form of so-called special on-off operation, the institute as before
As explaining in detail.
Following is so-called throttling control valve as the valve that V3 is previously mentioned, and it is used to open or close choke flow line so as to electricity
Terraced car applies liquid braking device while noise is reduced among the process that stop is stopped or afterwards.Throttling control valve itself can be produced
Raw throttling action, and/or the throttling action required for choke flow line itself can be produced, as previously detailed.
Following is combination valve as the valve that V23 is previously mentioned, and it realizes the work(of the function of above-mentioned valve V2 and above-mentioned valve V3 simultaneously
Energy.
Following is brake relief valve as the valve that V4 is previously mentioned, and it opens or closes brake discharge line so as to not
Start and brake is at least partly discharged in the case of hydraulic pump to the degree that can start new row ladder.
Following is combination valve as the valve that V34 is previously mentioned, and it realizes the work(of the function of above-mentioned valve V3 and above-mentioned valve V4 simultaneously
Energy.
Unless otherwise expressly provided, otherwise valve is the switching valve on proportioning valve, rather than meaning of the present invention.
Unless otherwise clearly notifying, otherwise all of valve is following valves, and it opens when power is off i.e. permission hydraulic fluid stream
Cross.
In the accompanying drawings, this is represented that spring part is pressed on the valve element of activity by spring part.Principle is exactly, once no matter which kind of
Reason cannot be reentried the power supply to valve, and valve is opened and simultaneously thus applies maximum braking force at once.
Fig. 3 a illustrate the hydraulic tube line chart of the car brake unit of the invention that be used in elevator required for protection.
Car brake unit includes first group of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x and second group of hydraulic actuator
11.2.1-11.2.x.Each described actuator includes the cylinder 12 with piston 13, and cylinder is divided into the first working chamber 14 and the by piston
Two working chambers 15.In addition, each described actuator includes acting on the piston rod 31 and spring part 17 of brake lining 16, spring part
It is the responsible main spring unit part of brake force needed for producing, even if in the case of hydraulic failure.
With regard to brake lining 16, it is necessary to notify herein below with being generally adapted for all embodiments：
Each at least two actuators can act on (compressing) single brake lining or shared brake lining.
As can be seen, all first working chambers 14 of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x are in direct hydraulic communication
In, they connect along a hydraulic loop 114.In addition, all of second working chamber 15 of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x is in
Directly in hydraulic communication, connect along the hydraulic loop 115 for forming " common rail ".If valve V4 is to open, all existing hydraulic pressure
First working chamber 14 of actuator is connected as all second working chambers 15.
The hydraulic pump and control valve V23 are in place in the front upstream of working chamber 14.Adopt to place here and in the application
Term " upstream " be related to the pumping direction of the hydraulic pump 19 when single quadrant runs.It means that the on the pressure side D of pump 19 is
The upstream of one working chamber 14, suction side S of pump 19 is in the downstream of the second working chamber 15.
Downstreams of the short valve V1 after working chamber 14 is in place.Only valve V4 be located at two function identical working chambers it
Between, it is in that particular case between two the first working chambers 14.
It is assumed that normal condition, hydraulic pump is under single quadrant ruuning situation in continuous deceleration lift car into stopped process
It is operated without speeds control, Power Control, Torque Control or FREQUENCY CONTROL.The on the pressure side D supplies first of hydraulic pump 19 work
Chamber 14, and suction side S of hydraulic pump 19 is connected to the second working chamber 15, so as to it can therefrom suction out hydraulic fluid.It is provided with list
It is used to ensure when pump is closed down and when valve V23 is closed not through the hydraulic fluid return of pump 19 to valve CV.
Control pipeline 39 is provided with, it is by the hydraulic loop of the working chamber 14 of hydraulic loop 115 and first of the second working chamber 15
114 are joined directly together.Control pipeline 39 is operated by control valve V23.
When hydraulic pump 19 is when the valve V23 delivering hydraulic fluid in the case of fully closed all the time is controlled, brake will be fast
Quick-release is put, because hydraulic pump extracts hydraulic fluid out from the second working chamber 15, is pumped into the first working chamber 14, if valve V4 is to close
This for closing occurs in hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x, and in all hydraulic actuator if valve 4 is opened
11.1.1-11.2.x occur.
If control valve V23 is shown in a fully open operation all the time, pipeline 39 is controlled by the hydraulic loop 115 of the second working chamber 15
It is short-circuit with the hydraulic loop 114 of the first working chamber 14, so as to brake will be applied quickly, because hydraulic fluid will be from the first work
Chamber 14 is discharged to the second working chamber 15.The lasting pump-absorb action of hydraulic pump 19 will be kept to no effect, because hydraulic pressure in the case
Pump is also shorted.
In consideration of it, the amount of hydraulic fluid for flowing into the second working chamber 15 from the first working chamber 14 obviously can be by corresponding adjustment
The moment flowed friction of control valve V23 is controlling.As explained abovely, " open degree " of valve V23 can be by being associated with valve V23's
Controller remote control, the frequency for such as being moved forward and backward by adjustment valve element.
As described above, valve V23 can realize throttling action, slow braking among stop layers process or afterwards is accordingly provided in
Device is applied.Thus one, avoid unexpected car from moving with can not making a noise.
As can be seen, add and be provided with short-circuit pipeline 40, it works the hydraulic loop 114 and second of the first working chamber 14
The hydraulic loop 115 in chamber 15 is joined directly together.Short-circuit pipeline 40 is shorted valve V1 operations.In an emergency braking situation, valve V1 and
Valve V23 is opened, to produce the braking action of hydraulic actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x as early as possible.Even if all of other valves should
Obturation, valve V1 also brakes actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x.Generally, all valves are opened to realize brake hard, so as to hydraulic pressure
Fluid can as early as possible be entered the second working chamber 15 from the first working chamber 14.
Valve V4 has several functions.
First, valve V4 can realize start actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x and 11.2.1-11.2.x independently of each other.This
Sample, can realize above-mentioned conception " ESB and independent ESG " with these brake units.As long as valve V4 is remained turned-off,
Then only ESB functions are realized by actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x.When the additional openings of valve V4 and/or valve V1, actuator
11.2.1-11.2.x ESG functions are performed.
In addition, valve V4 can prepare to start to discharge actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x when new row is terraced in car, and hydraulic pump 19
Still it is closing down in order to avoid sending the noise that can be heard, now lift car is still in stop.
For this purpose, valve V4 is opened, so as to through loop 114,115 will occur in actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x and
11.2.1-11.2.x the first working chamber and the second working chamber between pressure compensation.As a result, actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x
Part closes, part release actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x.Now, brake force at least reduces to following degree, i.e. lift car
New row ladder can be started, but do not have to start hydraulic pump 19 during lift car is stopped at stop.
Hydraulic pump 19 will be activated after new row ladder has started to, preferably not lift car traveling noise at least with hydraulic pressure
Before the noise that pump is sent is equally big, thus hydraulic pump noise does not affect row ladder comfortableness.
Valve V4 preferably ensures that actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x is connected with the throttling hydraulic pressure of actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x.This
Sample, the pressure compensation between the actuator group will not suddenly and audibly occur when valve V4 is opened, but sluggish
Without sending acoustic impluse.
Fig. 3 b are illustrated to be used in and wanted with as shown in Figure 3 a and as explained above car brake unit is closely related
Seek the hydraulic tube line chart of the car brake unit of the invention in the elevator of protection.
The all situations explained before are also applied for the embodiment according to Fig. 3 b, if the difference subsequently explained without for fear of
This.
Embodiment according to Fig. 3 b is that check valve CV is omitted and valve V23 exists with unique difference of the embodiment according to Fig. 3 a
Functionally it is divided into valve V2, V3.
This allows the hydraulic pump to operate under dual quadrant operation, it is such as following be explained in detail when Fig. 4 a and 4b is discussed that
Sample：Moment hydraulic pressure in first and second working chambers 14,15 is by the conveying direction or antiport hydraulic pump is used as hydraulic pressure
Generator or for hydraulic fluid flowing decelerator by opened loop control or closed-loop control.In that particular case, valve V2 is preferred
It is not intended to the valve of special on-off operation.Its unique function be prevent Jing hydraulic pumps, cause first and second working chamber it
Between undesirable pressure leak on a small quantity in a balanced way, such as when the long period waits ladder to lift car during overnight.
Valve V3 does not make a noise for brake at stop as explained abovely, and ground is slow to be applied.
Fig. 3 c illustrate will be used in elevator required for protection in, compared to what is changed according to the embodiment of Fig. 3 a
The hydraulic tube line chart of car brake unit of the present invention.
This embodiment is only with one group of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x and additional accumulator 111.Preferably, pressure accumulation
Device 111 has and the structure as actuator 11.1.1 etc., except for the facts that, the piston rod 31 of accumulator is not attached to braking
Piece.Advantage of this is that, even if the piston rod 31 of accumulator is drained to discharge actuator 11.1.1- in the first working chamber
Move when 11.1.x, this is contacted without result in the towing between the brake(-holder) block and braking rail corresponding to its piston rod.
With regard to a working chamber and preferably the second working chamber 15, all actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x and accumulator are forever
Long in directly hydraulically interconnected.That is, including their the second working chamber including the second working chamber of actuator along
A hydraulic loop 115 for forming the permanent common rail for these hydraulic chambers is connected.
With regard to another working chamber and preferably the first working chamber 14, all actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x are in direct
In hydraulically interconnected.That is, the first working chamber 14 is connected along a hydraulic loop 114.If valve V4 is to open, pressure accumulation
Device 111 is also connected to hydraulic loop 114 with its first working chamber.Otherwise, accumulator 111 is switched off.
Hydraulic pump 19 is provided with, it is by the downstream of the upstream end (pump is on the pressure side) of hydraulic loop 114 and hydraulic loop 115
(suction side of pump) is joined directly together.Pump is single quadrant operation, as explained above.Furthermore it is possible to arrange pressure equalising vessel 20.
Because this design, all actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x can only be by synchronous start.That is, single this elevator
Car brake cannot be used to realize ESB and ESG as mentioned above.Conversely, this elevator car brake sets as mentioned above
Put for ISB operations.
Different from shown in Fig. 3 a, valve V1 and V3 here and are not disposed on the end of hydraulic loop 114,115.Conversely, will
Hydraulic loop that valve V1-V3 and hydraulic loop 114 and 115 are connected or hydraulic line between two adjacent hydraulic actuators
Hydraulic loop 114,115 central fascicles are out.This means that this embodiment has more than one control hydraulic line or loop
Valve, the hydraulic line or loop are branched off between two neighboring function identical working chamber.In this embodiment, so
Valve be at least valve V2, V3.The control pipeline 39 of valve V2 is from two the first working chambers 14 (one in upstream and one in downstream)
Between hydraulic loop 114 be branched off and between two the second working chambers 15 (upstream and in downstream)
Hydraulic loop 115 is branched off.The choke flow line 41 controlled by valve V3 according to the control identical principle of pipeline 39 arranging.
This can realize being separated from each other each function of valve completely.Therefore, it is possible to ground entirely independent of each other valve design V2, V3
And V4.
Another advantage of this hydraulic pressure design is the fact that, need not be to any during lift car is stopped at before stop
Valve energy supply.Even so, also can be to obtain complete brake force.
Especially brake can be applied with not making a noise by choke valve V3 before stop.
The brake can be discharged when lift car is just starting another row ladder with not running hydraulic pump.For this purpose, valve V4 will
It is opened.So, a part of hydraulic fluid of the savings in the first working chamber 14 of accumulator 111 will be forced into actuator
11.1.1-11.1.x the first working chamber, so as to these actuators can at least be released to the degree of the row ladder that can start new.
The opened loop control of the brake force that moment applies or closed-loop control as explained above can be by being designed for specially
Realized with the valve V2 of on-off operation.
Fig. 3 d illustrate the hydraulic pressure of the car brake unit of the another kind present invention that be used in elevator required for protection
Conduit line map.
Hydraulic pressure car brake unit includes one group of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x and another group of hydraulic actuator
11.2.1-11.2.x, explained with regard to Fig. 3 c as before.
With regard to a hydraulic chamber and preferably the second hydraulic chamber 15, all actuator 11.1.1-11.2.x are again
It is secondary in directly hydraulically interconnected.That is, all of working chamber 15 is forever gone here and there along a hydraulic loop 115 for forming common rail
Connection.
With regard to another working chamber and preferably the first working chamber 14, these actuators are divided into two groups by valve V4：As long as should
Valve V4 is closed, and just has one group of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x to have working chamber (such as chamber for being permanently in direct hydraulic communication
14), also another group actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x, wherein such working chamber is also permanently in direct hydraulic communication.
Hydraulic pump 19 is provided with, it is by the downstream of the upstream end (pump pressure side) of hydraulic loop 114 and hydraulic loop 115
(pump suction side) is joined directly together.Pump is described above as single quadrant operation.In addition, pressure equalisation container 20 can be provided with.
The also another loop in the form of choke flow line 41, it is by the upstream end of hydraulic loop 114 and hydraulic loop 115
Downstream is connected.Choke flow line 41 is opened or is turned off by valve V3.The opening of valve V3 is allowed by first group of actuator 1.1.1-
The soft administration of the brake(-holder) block for 11.1.x operating, and do not send the noise that can be heard or the reduction that makes a noise.Therefore reason, valve
V3 applies restriction effect or with restriction effect control loop.
The valve V2 and V1 itself being arranged in parallel is located at hydraulic loop, and hydraulic loop is directly by second group of actuator 11.2.1-
The downstream of the Jing hydraulic loops 114 of the first working chamber 14 11.2.x is connected with the upstream end of hydraulic loop 115.
In order to prevent the unexpected car during stop layers from moving, only one group actuator by start, here it be described
Group 11.1.1-11.1.x.This group of actuator is moved by start so as to produce braking by opening the valve V3 of control choke flow line 41
Make.Through the choke flow line 41, hydraulic fluid can from first working chamber 14 of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x be discharged into its
Two working chambers 15.
In order to discharge brake with not running hydraulic pump when lift car to be ready starting another row ladder, valve V4 will be beaten
Open.So, a part of hydraulic fluid of the savings in first working chamber 14 of second group of actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x will be forced
First working chamber 14 of first group of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x is pressed into, can be started so as to these actuators are at least released to
The degree of new row ladder.
In order to perform the lift car automatic brake of opened loop control or closed-loop control, valve V2 opened loop controls or closed-loop control by
The brake force that actuator 11.1.1-11.2.x is produced.Hydraulic pump delivering hydraulic fluid enters the of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x
One working chamber 14, and Jing loops 118,119 and check valve CV2 flow to first working chamber 14 of actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x,
And now hydraulic fluid is extracted by pump from the Jing loops 115 (common rail) of all second working chambers 15.The actual liquid of control valve V2
Pressure resistance is lower, and the actual pressure in the first working chamber is lower, and actual braking force will be higher.
Because this particular topology, it is impossible to the execution that practical degree of correlation realizes ESB/ESG operations as above.
Check valve CV2 allows this group of actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x of filling, and this is used to not run the ground of hydraulic pump 19 before
Open brake：If pressure fluid to be conveyed into the pump upstream end of hydraulic loop 114, the fluid can be with Jing check valve CV2
Reach the working chamber 14 of actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x.
Check valve CV1 prevents the dangerous leakage meeting Jing hydraulic pumps when hydraulic pump stops from flowing to ring from the upstream end of loop 114
The downstream on road 115.
The not shown single embodiments of Fig. 3 e.Conversely, the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 e is identical with the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 d.Figure
3e is served only for alloing visible by the corresponding arrow in valve member picture through the hydraulic flow direction of valve.So can see
Entered with the hydraulic fluid for being channeled out the valve using common hydraulic loop to valve V1 and V2 and connect all of second in order
The hydraulic loop 115 of working chamber 15.
Can thus see that the flow of pressurized for flowing through valve V4 is two-way.Then, it can be seen that flow through valve V3 (when opening)
Flow of pressurized be guided to hydraulic loop 115 from hydraulic loop 114.
Fig. 3 f illustrate the embodiment being slightly different compared to Fig. 3 e, and the two embodiments are closely related.Therefore reason, for
All things that embodiment 3d and 3e are explained are correspondingly suitable for use in the embodiment according to Fig. 3 f.
Above-mentioned Fig. 3 d and 3e can relatively be seen with unique difference of the embodiment according to Fig. 3 f with valve V4.According to figure
In the embodiment of 3f, valve V4 is designed to it and closes in non-energy supply, and in above-mentioned other embodiments, valve V4 is in non-energy supply
When open.This design is changed and is used for energy-conservation, if lift car is just being waited before stop.
Fig. 3 g illustrate will be used in elevator required for protection in brake list before by shown in Fig. 3 d, 3e and 3f
The hydraulic tube line chart of the closely related brake unit of the invention of unit.Therefore reason, above in relation to the thing that these figures are explained
Feelings here is accordingly suitable for.
Unique difference is that valve V3 and V4 have merged now.The two valves be combined valve V34 replacement.This replacement can be smooth
Realize, because the valve V4 and V3 that are adopted before must always inverted runnings, that is, if valve V3 is turned off, valve V4 is
Open, or vice versa.
In order to explain this point, people must be imagined when what lift car there occurs when stop stops.
This moment, valve V34 is so switched, i.e., it completes the hydraulic function for originally being performed by valve V3.
In order to complete the function of previous valve V3, valve V34 is so switched, i.e., it directly will be in actuator by throttling passage
11.1.x the hydraulic loop 114 in downstream is connected with hydraulic loop 115, and the hydraulic loop 115 is formed for the second working chamber 15
Above-mentioned " common rail ", as Fig. 3 g directly shown in.So, hydraulic fluid can be from first work of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x
Make the second working chamber 15 that chamber 14 is discharged into hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x.As a result, these hydraulic actuators do not send and make an uproar
Sound ground closes (because throttling) and produces the braking maneuver for preventing unexpected car motion.
Once lift car starts new row ladder, valve V34 is handed off its another operating position.In this position (as schemed
3g is used as shown in action position or energization position) on, valve V34 causes the working chamber 14 of actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x and hydraulic pressure
The working chamber 14 of dynamic device 11.1.1-11.1.x is connected, so as to all working chamber 14 of all actuators is now by continuous
" common rail " of the form of loop 114 is connected.So, a part of the savings in the working chamber of hydraulic actuator 11.2.1-11.2.x
Hydraulic fluid can be discharged into the working chamber 14 of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x, and the hydraulic actuator is in this stage
The ground of hydraulic pump 19 is not operated at least to be discharged into the degree of the row ladder for allowing to start new.That is, reach again in lift car
To be enough to produce traveling noise so that the noise that hydraulic pump 19 sends no longer is disturbed before the speed of people, hydraulic pump 19 will not be opened
It is dynamic.
One advantage of this hydraulic pressure layout by combination valve V34 can be to save an independent valve, it reduce into
This.
Have the disadvantage, to a certain extent " pressure loss " will occur when valve V34 just switches between two position, because
It is that in handoff procedure, hydraulic pressure short circuit occurs within a very short time.This shortcoming can be by being mended with guiding valve form design valve V34
Repay.But guiding valve is sensitive to dust and generally also shows that here disturbs certain internal leakage of people.
Fig. 3 h illustrate another embodiment of the car brake unit of the invention that be used in elevator required for protection
Hydraulic tube line chart.
One actuator 11.1.1 is only shown in this figure.But this embodiment is not limited to use an actuator.Phase
Instead, one group of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x can be used.The thing uniquely to be done be exactly loop 114 by realizing in common rail form,
115 are connected all working chamber 14 of these actuators with all working chamber 15.
In this embodiment, the downstream below working chamber 14 is provided with valve V1, V2 and V3.These valves are in hydraulic parallel mode
Arrangement.The common loop 116 of the suction side for being directly communicated to hydraulic pump 19 is passed through including the loop in parallel of these valves.
Upstream in the hydraulic loop 114 of the first working chamber 14 of actuator is led to is provided with valve V4.The input side of valve V4
With being on the pressure side connected for hydraulic pump 19.
Here, special thing is exactly accumulator 111, it directly with the suction side of hydraulic pump 19 and with hydraulic pump 19
On the pressure side it is connected.
The very special design of another kind as used herein is connection loop 117, and it is provided from loop 116 to hydraulic actuation
The direct path of the second working chamber 15 of device.
Valve V2 is used in an emergency braking situation the opened loop control of brake force or closed-loop control.In brake hard situation
Under, valve V4 is energized, so as to it fully opens the hydraulic loop including valve V4.In an emergency braking situation, hydraulic pump is all the time such as
Mode described in detail above is operated.Keep firmly in mind in this, it is clear that the actual hydraulic pressure resistance of control valve V2 is (according to performed by reality
Handover operation) determine that (it passes through valve V2 and liquid by first working chamber 14 that is on the pressure side forced into of hydraulic pump 19 for how many
Pressure ring road 116 is directly connected with the suction side of hydraulic pump 19) hydraulic fluid return to hydraulic pump suction side.
Fully closed valve V2 clearly results in the maximum speed of release brake, because being pressed into the first work by hydraulic pump 19
All pressurized hydraulic fluids in chamber 14 make hydraulic actuator piston shift to the second working chamber 15.
On the other hand, it is clear that the valve V2 of standard-sized sheet by the first working chamber 14 produce hydraulic pump 19 on the pressure side with its suction
Direct short-circuit between side.It allows for hydraulic fluid to be discharged to the second work from the Jing hydraulic loops 116,117 of the first working chamber 14
Make chamber 15, so act on brake.
Valve V3 controls throttling passage or is throttled in itself.As explained above, valve V3 is used for the braking when stop is stopped
Device is quiet to be applied to avoid unexpected car from moving.
Here allow people it is interested be some valve V4.If when stop is stopped, the hydraulic pump is closed down, brake
Release to start again at new row ladder is completed by accumulator 111 and valve V4.Valve V4 is opened.So, accumulator is by section
Hydraulic fluid is entered stream valve 21 first working chamber 14 of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1 from its first working chamber 14 Jing valve V4.
Increase pressure in one working chamber 14 is led hydraulic fluid and is discharged from second working chamber 15 of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1.So, make
Dynamic device is released to the degree of the row ladder that can at least start new.
Once elevator car speed be enough to cover the noise of hydraulic pump 19, hydraulic pump 19 is by energy supply again.It can be first
Ensure that brake discharges completely.Subsequently, valve V4 can be closed.Even so, hydraulic pump 19 remains to refill accumulator 111,
Because accumulator also as described directly with hydraulic pump 19 on the pressure side and suction side is connected.
Fig. 3 i illustrate the embodiment being slightly different compared to Fig. 3 h.Even so, the two embodiments are still closely related.Cause
This reason, the embodiment according to Fig. 3 i is correspondingly suitable for use in for all these things that embodiment 3h is explained.
Unique difference between embodiment according to Fig. 3 i and the embodiment according to Fig. 3 h is that choke valve 21 saves.It is this
It is possible to save, because valve V4 has also been changed to valve V5.Valve V5 can be controlled as valve V2.That is, valve V5 with
Valve V2 is identical, or it at least according to valve V2 identicals principle work.
Valve V5 is used in an emergency braking situation opened loop control or the closed-loop control of brake force together with valve V2.Urgent
Under brake condition, valve V5 is energized, so as to the actual hydraulic pressure resistance for controlling valve V5 determines that how many hydraulic fluid passes through pressure
Side (the first working chamber 14 of accumulator 111 and/or hydraulic pump 19 are on the pressure side) is pressed into the first working chamber of hydraulic actuator
14 and the brake is thus discharged, because entering the first working chamber 14 by the hydraulic pressure side pressure of hydraulic accumulator 111 (or pump)
All pressurized hydraulic fluids make hydraulic actuator piston shift to the second working chamber 15.
Because for the thing that all actuators of this embodiment are connected by the loop 114,115 realized in common rail form
Real, this embodiment cannot be used to realize the ESB/ESG in above-mentioned meaning.
Due to identical reason, it is impossible to realization another group of additional actuator of one group of actuator of start and subsequent start first
Cascade operation.
One advantage of this embodiment is when lift car need not be to valve energy supply when stop waits ladder.
Another advantage is that hydraulic accumulator 111 can independently be filled with the work of the actuator responsible to braking.
Finally, important function be it is completely self-contained, thus important part such as valve V2 and V3 can by each other entirely without
Close ground design.
These advantages are also applied for the situation shown in Fig. 3 h.
Deviation：
Understand best but not necessarily in opened loop control or closed as Fig. 3 h and solution as shown in figure 3i are represented
Hydraulic pump is itself served as into pressure source in the braking procedure of ring control.Conversely, accumulator 111 can convey opened loop control or closed loop control
Hydraulic pressure required for system ground compressing brake lining to its corresponding track.
Fig. 3 j illustrate another embodiment of the car brake unit of the invention that be used in elevator required for protection
Hydraulic tube line chart.
Hydraulic pressure car brake unit includes that again first group of hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x and second group of hydraulic pressure are caused
Dynamic device 11.2.x, now x can be 1 or the value between 1 and n.
As explained abovely, a chamber of these hydraulic actuators and preferably the second working chamber 15 is by forming common rail
Hydraulic loop 115 is in direct hydraulic communication.
With regard to another working chamber and preferably the first working chamber 14, at only first group hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x
In direct hydraulic communication, and another or another group of hydraulic actuator 11.2.x are not in permanent directly hydraulic pressure with regard to working chamber 14
In connection.
The characteristics of this embodiment, is the fact that its all of valve is together with the hydraulic pump located at the first working chamber upstream
Arrangement.
The on the pressure side D of hydraulic pump 19 is also connected to the first working chamber in first group of actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x
Upstream loop 114.On the other hand, the suction side of hydraulic pump 19 is directly connected to be formed for all actuator 11.1.1-
11.1.x with the hydraulic loop 115 of the common rail of 11.2.x.So, valve V2 allows opened loop control or closed-loop control ground by first group of cause
Dynamic device 11.1.1-11.1.x applies brake force.If valve V2 is fully closed, the full power of hydraulic pump 19 is caused to first group of hydraulic pressure
First working chamber 14 of dynamic device pressurizes.At the same time, maximum is reached from the suction of the second working chamber 15 by the Jing loops 115 of hydraulic pump 19
Degree.That is, hydraulic actuator is at full throttle released.
On the other hand, if valve V2 is standard-sized sheet, hydraulic pump 19 by dead short, so as to it cannot affect first group of liquid
Hydraulic actuator 11.1.1-11.1.x.Conversely, the first working chamber 14 of first group of hydraulic actuator and first group of hydraulic pressure
Second working chamber 15 of actuator and the first working chamber 14 of second group of hydraulic actuator and second group of hydraulic actuator
Second working chamber 15 (by check valve) is shorted also by the valve V2 of standard-sized sheet.That is, apply maximum braking force.If valve V2
State between the fully closed somewhere and standard-sized sheet between, then obviously will apply corresponding little or big brake force.
Here, valve V3 is also used in stop docking process quiet closure brake to realize preventing accidental movement.Such as
As described before, valve V3 passes through restricted flow path by the second hydraulic actuator or first working chamber of second group of hydraulic actuator 11.2.x
14 are connected with the second working chamber 15 so that thus this or these actuator applies brake.
Valve V4 also has the function as explained before.Valve V4 allows the first working chamber 14 of first group of actuator
Interconnect with the first working chamber 14 of second group of actuator so that thus second group of actuator discharge.In explanation before, it is clear that
ESB/ESG functions cannot be realized using this embodiment.Therefore, the cascade of the different parts of brake is applied and not accomplished.
In order to keep lift car static in safety when being in before stop stop, two valves must be energized.
The part brake as accumulator can also independently be filled with brake remaining part here.
Fig. 3 k illustrate the embodiment closely related with the embodiment according to Fig. 3 j.Unique difference is exactly brake in figure
Simplify in 3k.Valve V3 and V4 are saved.As a result it is exactly, it is impossible to the brake peace accomplished during stop layers and sail out of before stop
Quiet closure and quiet release.This embodiment is reduced to the brake hard that can perform closed-loop control braking or opened loop control braking
Device.
Fig. 3 L are illustrated if the pressure source of the opened loop control or closed-loop control for one or more actuators 11 is not liquid
The principle of the hydraulic pressure configuration that press pump 19 itself then can directly be adopted without the need for intermediary agency.
The pressure source here is with the realization of the form of hydraulic accumulator 111.Valve V2 is with its flowed friction opened loop control or closed loop control
Whether hydraulic fluid processed and how many will be forced into the first working chamber 14 of brake actuator 11 by accumulator.It is same with this
When, hydraulic accumulator can receive the hydraulic fluid and/or the flow of pressurized by control valve V2 short circuits discharged from the second working chamber 15
Body.Valve VV controls whether the accumulator works.
Accumulator is preferably " round trip ", " double-rod " cylinder, and the piston in cylinder forms the first accumulator chamber and the second accumulator chamber,
And the equivalent hydraulic fluid that the cylinder is designed to be discharged from the first accumulator chamber is received when piston is moved by the second accumulator chamber,
The piston is preferably by Spring driving.
Hydraulic pump 19 is only run when needing to refill accumulator 111.
Fig. 4 a illustrate the hydraulic tube line chart of one of them elevator car brake unit, and it can be used to realize institute
One of two conceptions for proposing.This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 3 b, because here, to the control of institute's braking forces thereto not
Carried out by controlling valve V2, but by hydraulic pump itself.
Typically, brake is made up of single hydraulic actuator, but is made up of several hydraulic actuators, their again phases
Like composition, preferably two-piece type or multi-piece type.
Therefore, the right side area of Fig. 4 a schematically shows three hydraulic actuator 11.1-11.3, each hydraulic actuator by
Cylinder 12 with piston 13 is constituted, and corresponding cylinder is preferably divided into first working positioned at the both sides of piston 13 opposite each other by piston
The working chamber 15 of chamber 14 and second, for the sake of more preferable general view, reference 12,13,14 and 15 is just for the first actuator 11.1
It is labeled.
Each hydraulic actuator interacts with two brake lining 16, and the brake lining acts on track and/or elevator
The guide rail 2 of car.
As long as having enough hydraulic pressure in corresponding first working chamber 14, hydraulic actuator is just resisted its respective springs part 17 and is protected
Its piston and/or connected piston rod are held in position is opened, here, without pressure corresponding brake lining is applied to
16.These spring parts 17 are collectively forming so-called primary spring element.
Hydraulic pump 19 is preferably driven to ensure to supply hydraulic pressure by motor 18.It is provided with typically but not necessarily pressure equalising vessel
20, the cumulative volume and heat expansion of its balanced hydraulic fluid and possible micro- leakage.
Hydraulic pump 19 be in normal operation on the pressure side D side (the brake action of the brake/decrease of opening)
The first working chamber 14 of hydraulic actuator is connected to, and it is connected with the opposite side in normal operation being suction side S
To the second working chamber 15 of hydraulic actuator.
Which kind of pump to realize idea of the invention is inessential using.For all proposed solutions, leaf
Wheel pump is preferred option.The use of piston pump as hydraulic pump 19 is sometimes most preferred for the operation of many quadrants, preferably has
The pump/motor of multiple cylinders.This is because piston pump is particularly suited for realizing that dual quadrant is transported when suitable motor is engaged to
Turn (Zweiquadrantenbetrieb).Dual quadrant operation here refers to following patterns, and wherein the pump is once as by hydraulic pressure
Fluid is pressed into the pump operation of working chamber, and again, the pump runs as hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor is left above-mentioned working chamber
Hydraulic fluid, and hydraulic motor by motor be provided with determine flow out working chamber hydraulic fluid speed braking moment.
As all of other embodiments, preferably it is the fact that the characteristics of this embodiment, it is used as closed system quilt
Operation.That is, hydraulic pump hydraulic fluid not pump into the working chamber of hydraulic cylinder from liquid reserve tank, the hydraulic fluid the time
It is drained during arrival and returns to liquid reserve tank.Conversely, hydraulic fluid to be located at hydraulic pump the work of the first side of respective hydraulic piston certainly
Chamber 14 is recycled to the working chamber 15 positioned at hydraulic piston opposite side.This is allowed for leaving working chamber for keeping brake
Open or or flow into above-mentioned working chamber hydraulic fluid it is intrinsic it is speed, quickly speed and the opened loop control of sensitivity response or
Closed-loop control.This is because closed-system allows dual quadrant without the time difference to run, and (the otherwise time difference may be by must again inhale from liquid case
Enter hydraulic fluid to cause, said liquid case no pressure).
It is provided with external control valve V2 (here can be common guiding valve).If the latter closes, it is by working chamber 14 and hydraulic pressure
Hydraulic system branch road residing for the working chamber 15 of pump 19 and second is separated.The valve assists in keeping brake and almost beats with no energy
Open, if valve V2 is to close, in pressure and ensure to overcome the power that acts on closure brake direction from spring 17
First working chamber will separate with remaining hydraulic circuit, and internal pressure will be locked, so as to apply for keeping valve to close
The power of the very little closed.
In addition, be provided with the second external control hydraulic valve V1, it is in open mode by the first working chamber 14 of hydraulic actuator and
The hydraulic pressure short circuit of two working chamber 15, i.e. its guarantee connect to the balanced hydraulic pressure without substantial hindrance of pressure between the first and second working chambers
It is logical, and especially here does not arrange restricting element, i.e., without the element of arbitrarily increase flowed friction.
Alternatively, the 3rd external control hydraulic valve V3 is provided with, it ensures between the first working chamber 14 and the second working chamber 15
Throttling fluid passage.As explained abovely, restriction effect can be based on valve V3 itself, or narrow pipeline and/or from
Conventional conduit with the built-in choke valve 21 connected with valve.
In normal operation, the first working chamber 14 filled with the hydraulic fluid in pressure, all valves be close and
What hydraulic pump was preferably off.Brake lining 16 in its open position is held in, without the need for paying special energy because except
Do not need outside closed position other energy to maintain it in valve energy supply.
In order to cause brake quickly to apply as far as possible, the control device 10 of (preferred) lift car open valve V1 and
V4, so as to hydraulic pressure is disappeared in working chamber 14 by the pressure equilibrium between working chamber 14,15, this is sent out by valve V1 and V4
Raw (hydraulic actuator 11.1).After pressure equilibrium occurs, this or these brake lining 16 is with by this or these spring
The maximum, force that part 17 is given is crushed in track and/or car guide rail 2, then brake within the very of short duration time with
Specified brake force is i.e. with its maximum braking force response.
In order to the delay for causing brake is applied (such as do not produce and intercept car when stop is stopped with can hearing noise),
10 opening valve V3 of lift car control device.Therefore, the pressure between first and second working chamber 14,15 is only with party in delay
Formula is released, and the time history here of reduced pressure is specified by choke valve 21.This causes following facts, and brake is postponing
Mode is not produced to be applied in which can hear noise.
Valve V2 can be used to further affect brake application rate, if desired.
Valve V1, V3 (if there is) is remained turned-off.Valve V2 is opened, and hydraulic pump 19 is activated or formerly has been turned on simultaneously.
In theory, hydraulic pump 19 especially also can be used so, and it produces certain pumping effect on the direction of working chamber 14,
But only the big hydraulic fluid leakage current discharged from relevant work chamber 14 under acting in spring part 17 is more than pumping effect to this effect,
So as to hydraulic fluid can be controlled or adjusted from the speed that corresponding working chamber 14 is discharged by the current transporting velocity of hydraulic pump
Section, to affect the speed or power of brake administration.Hydraulic pump then preferably in following areas adjacent oscillatory operations, in the area
Domain, corresponding spring part attempts hydraulic fluid leakage current of the loopback through pump in the balance with hydraulic fluid stream, so as to pump
Speed only need to be reduced by a small margin to realize that current brake force reduces, and must be increased by a small margin to realize current system
Power increases.
The precondition of this operational mode is to use following pumps, and it shows when being not driven or being driven with decrease power
The leakage that can not ignore is shown.
In the case of high-quality hydraulic pump and especially piston pump, leakage current is by considerably less to make hydraulic pump according to institute
The mode of stating affects the speed for discharging hydraulic fluid from relevant work chamber 14.Alternatively, the hydraulic pump then can be alternately
Be used as conveying direction by the pump of motor-driven, or as hydraulic motor i.e. during pump operation in conveying direction
Drive motor on rightabout, may be according to generator mode drive motor.By accordingly as generator operation
The electric wiring of motor, the torque that hydraulic motor must be resisted can be set and/or hydraulic motor rev/min can be set.Institute
There are these to affect brake application rate.
For this purpose, the motor that speeds control or more preferably speed are adjusted be used to drive hydraulic pump.Hydraulic pump is preferably following
Areas adjacent vibration operation, in the region, corresponding spring part attempt loopback through the pump hydraulic fluid leakage current in
In the balance of hydraulic fluid stream, only need to be reduced by a small margin so as to pump speed to realize that current brake force reduces, and must be little
Amplitude increases to realize current brake force increase.Then, this or these spring part 17 compressing this or these brake lining
The power of 16 to track can more or less be cancelled, so as to current braking effort can be well controlled or adjust.
In appropriate situations, valve V2 can also abandon valve V3.This can actively realize that the hydraulic pump is according to institute by hydraulic pump
Mode is stated by Special controlling, so as to the pressure balance between the chamber is slower.In appropriate situations, accordingly set in hydraulic pump
This also can passively be realized by the leakage current of Jing pumps in the case of meter.
It is noted that so operation hydraulic pump is probably favourable, i.e., it is actively by hydraulic fluid from working chamber 14
Working chamber 15 is pumped into, then ensure that brake with maximum braking force faster compared to by opening the only hydraulic pressure short circuit of valve V1
Speed is applied.
It should be mentioned that being particularly suited for realizing above by figure according to the elevator car brake unit of the embodiment of Fig. 4 a
1 the first conception for being proposed.It is true, because another valve V4 can be arranged, one can be alternatively turned on and off whereby
Or several actuators (being in the condition shown in fig. 4 a actuator 11.1).
Two in elevator car brake unit as shown in fig. 4 a be enough to realize by two deadman's brake ESB and two
The above-mentioned conception that individual additional brake ESG is formed, because actuator (is actuator 11.2 in the case of Fig. 4 a illustrated embodiments
Realize distributing to the repertoire of deadman's brake with Part I 11.3), and one or several actuators are (shown in Fig. 4 a
Example in the case of be actuator 11.1) be switched on by valve V4.If necessary to realize distributing to the function of additional brake
And applying maximum braking force to control such as free falling, then valve V4 is activated.
Fig. 4 b illustrate the hydraulic pressure wiring diagram of another simplified version of brake unit, and it especially can be used by using horse
Up to hydraulic pump so as to opened loop control or the closed-loop control brake force realizing above-mentioned second basic conception.
In order to realize certain redundancy, here adopts the actuator 11.1 and 11.2 of two or more simultaneously operatings.
Here does not provide the possibility of the cascade operation of actuator 11.1,11.2, especially related to high-volume high efficiency manufacture here, but
It is probably if necessary effective.
For this embodiment, valve used is optimised for cost.External control valve V1 also is provided with, the valve is in open shape
First working chamber 14 and the second working chamber 15 of hydraulic actuator described in state hydraulic pressure short circuit, that is, ensure to be not apparent from hindering first and the
The hydraulic communication of pressure between two working chambers.If brake will be applied more quickly, valve V1 will be always on.V2 pair, valve
The slow administration of brake is responsible for.Once the latter is opened, then the power compressing hydraulic fluid conduct of this or these spring part 17
Leakage current flows along the pump part of hydraulic pump 19, or flows to chamber through the pump for alternately currently operating as hydraulic motor
15.According to the revolutions per minute of pump operation, it affects from chamber 14 speed of the hydraulic fluid stream for flowing into chamber 15.Brake applies speed
Degree and (if available) current brake force can be adjust or controlled in same manner described above.
The specific embodiment of elevator car brake unit of the invention.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate the practical embodiment of the brake unit preferably adopted in framework of the present invention.
With regard to Fig. 5, following detection can be made：
Elevator car brake unit includes hydraulic control unit 22.
It is desirable that all of hydraulic unit is located in control unit 22 and/or is attached to control unit directly by flange, and
Unused flexible pipe.Caliper also least substantially at or completely (not signifying to illustrate) be the integral part of control unit be optimal.
Otherwise, this design is corresponding to the following explanation by figure.
In most cases, hydraulic actuator 11.1-11.3 is attached to the side of control unit 22 by flange, is here
Three actuators.They are passed in succession corresponding interior in the contact surface of the shape complementarity of hydraulic control unit 22 by hydraulic direct
Hole, preferably by the endoporus in its contact surface.Also can be clearly seen by the piston rod 31 of actuator (None- identified in Figure 5)
The compression spring 33 for passing through.Compression spring 33 is collectively forming main spring unit, and from terms of functional perspective, they are corresponding to such as Fig. 3 a-
Spring 17 shown in 4b.
Fixed support 23 is preferably attached to sides adjacent with an angle of control unit by flange, and it is equipped with actual braking
Pincers 24, the activity of brake lining 16 for being attached to brake lining seat 25 is held in place in caliper, so as to they can be from both sides quilt
Lay or be pressed onto on raceway surface.
Control unit 22 forms live hydraulic system together with actuator 11.1-11.3, i.e., it is equipped with hydraulic pump 19 and its drives
Dynamic device and/or motor 18, valve V1, V2 and if available also V3, V4 (or V23/V34) and pressure equalisation container 20.Individually
Pipeline is unnecessary with regard to this, because individually all pipelines required for hydraulic unit connection pass through in appropriate in control unit
Hole is illustrated, except lead directly to hydraulic pump 19 pipeline or by suitable endoporus directly off hydraulic pump pipeline.This
The advantage of kind of practising way is that hydraulic line system is very rigid, and mainly avoiding unwanted generally almost cannot avoid
The elasticity that plays a role.This is especially important in situations below, to carry out regulating brake force by hydraulic pump, or important
Property involve can only by valve open produce regulation choke pressure reduce the fact, it causes brake lining to prolong through one section
The slow time gradually closes, and maximum braking force is reached until over time.
The electronic-controlled installation of itself and at least one acceleration transducer are preferably allocated to control unit 22, but here
Do not signify that control unit is shown.As understood from information above, the current braking effort of elevator car brake unit can be borrowed
Help acceleration transducer to determine and by opened loop control or preferred closed-loop control.
Including above-mentioned part elevator car brake unit be preferably designed to it can at least in hydraulic pressure side plug and play,
Only need to be connected with power supply and signal network, and installment work is no longer needed in hydraulic pressure side.
Caliper 24 is preferably designed to box-shaped, and it has base plate, and border member R is preferably dashed forward along the whole major opposing side of the base plate
Go out, see Fig. 5.Border member R be at position opposite each other it is detached, the position necessarily form U 26 for
The track that brake lining interacts, is shown in Fig. 5 again.
According to the present invention, brake lining 16 is not slidably mounted in caliper 24 the characteristics of the brake unit especially,
But flexibly keep with a gap relative to caliper 24.
Thus, brake lining 16 is attached to brake lining with being individually attached or be preferably divided into multiple local liners
Seat 25, preferably by screw tightening to brake lining seat.
As best shown in fig. 6, each brake lining seat 25 is passed through for this by laminated leaf spring 27, and laminated leaf spring is in both sides from corresponding
Brake lining seat projects and there produces an eye 28, and this contributes to by pass through its Positioning screw 29 that laminated leaf spring is attached
It is connected to caliper 24.The laminated leaf spring 27 of one brake lining seat 25 is preferably fixed by screw to a side of U 26, and another
The laminated leaf spring 27 of one brake lining seat 25 is fixed by screw to another opposed side of U 26.It should be emphasized that lamination
Spring 27 has a guiding function, therefore functionally unrelated with main spring unit or auxiliary spring unit and be especially not construed as
One part.They especially do not provide any noticeable brake engagement resistance.
Hereby, two eyes 28 of each laminated leaf spring 27 are arranged to different.The forward eye on direction is moved downward
(being installed according to its use range) is designed to it and actually seamlessly accommodates corresponding Positioning screw 29.Therefore, it is big
Pulling force can be transmitted by the eye, when the big pulling force occurs in interception lift car.Conversely, on direction is moved downward
The eye delayed is designed to it and so produces floating support together with corresponding Positioning screw 29, i.e. laminated leaf spring 27 can be substantially
Smoothly deformation, while being forced on track but tension of the without prejudice on the direction of the longitudinal axis parallel to independent leaf spring, prevents
Situation about occurring when only just as using following leaf springs, the leaf spring is located at the positioning of the intraocular in both sides by gapless
Screw 29 is firmly clamped.
Can see, two brake lining seats 25 are pinned, or by spring set screw just as here
30 are fixed by screw to laminated leaf spring, preferably wherein in heart district domain, so as to brake lining seat 25 cannot leave its laminated leaf spring 27.One
As, this screw-driving also absorbs horizontal brake force, the i.e. braking in response to acting between raceway surface and brake lining and rubs
The power wiped and occur.
Also meaning, each described brake lining seat thereon front edge and lower front end edge from caliper 24
And/or the overlay region of the use " " sign of border member R of caliper 24 partly overlaps, referring to Fig. 5.This improves security, because
Even if laminated leaf spring supporting role fails, corresponding brake lining seat 25 is because caliper 24 cannot be pushed out, but contrary braking
Be now arranged in directly contact and still transmit brake force between pincers 24 and brake lining seat 25, this in the case of normal function not such as
This.
So far, opposed brake lining seat 25 is mirror image identical for structure.
The main distinction is the fact that the opposed brake lining seat 25 of only one of which is directly born from hydraulic actuation
The power of device 11.1-11.3.The brake lining seat keeps so-called active brake liner.
Can easily recognize that these three actuators 11.1-11.3, Fig. 6 illustrate cylinder 12 and be connected with piston rod 31 in figure 6
Piston 13, and 12 points of cylinder is the first working chamber 14 and the second working chamber 15 by piston 13, as shown in Fig. 3 a, 3b and Fig. 4 a, 4b, by
This, for the sake of more preferable general view, reference 12,13,14,15 is labeled out in first actuator of Fig. 6, but also corresponding
Suitable for actuator 11.2,11.3.
The brake lining seat 25 that directly bear the power of actuator 11 is preferably not linked to the piston rod 31 of actuator 11.
Piston rod 31 preferably can only transmit the back side that do not face brake lining 16 of the compression stress to brake lining seat 25, and brake lining
Seat does not transmit any shearing force to piston rod 31 substantially because of its specific position at laminated leaf spring 27.Although relative to Fig. 3 a,
In single brake lining seat 25, this is allowed according to the current desired braking wanted several actuator collective effects in 3b and Fig. 4 a, 4b
Power is by all actuator 11.1-11.3 or only by the less actuator of or quantity co-operating brake lining
Seat.In addition, such design protection piston rod packing and piston rod guiding.
As described in combining Fig. 5, each piston rod 31 supports the compression spring 33 of preferably helically form of springs.It is such
It is seated between piston rod 31 and caliper 24, as long as that is, without hydraulic pressure at the piston 13 being attached thereto, it is just closing direction
Upper forces piston bar 31.These compression springs 33 limit nominal force, and brake lining seat 25 is such as with the volume under powering-off state
Determine power to be forced on track, thus be specified brake force.Then, whole compression spring here is also referred to as main spring unit.Instead
It is as the same, if having corresponding hydraulic pressure in the first working chamber 14, piston rod 31 will overcome the masterpiece land used of compression spring 33
It is forced into open position.If all piston rods are all in open position, brake lining seat 25 can be together with the system for being kept
Dynamic liner 16 is brought to open position by the laminated leaf spring belonging to it from position is applied.
Each piston rod 31 is preferably passed through and belongs to its compression spring 33, and compression spring is with it not towards brake lining seat
Side is connected to piston rod 31 against caliper 24 as already described above and/or its border member with its opposite side
Latch plate 34.
The opposed here of brake lining seat 25 for directly not bearing actuator force keeps so-called passive brake lining.It is excellent
Choosing is not rigid, but is elastically mounted in caliper 24 (not only by another spring part in the form of laminated leaf spring 36
Independently).So set the size of auxiliary spring unit, i.e. kept and by the master in certain position by its spring force for applying
The balance of the spring force that spring unit applies.
The reasons why installing auxiliary spring unit is that the rigidity of brake lining seat is installed and brake will be caused so consumingly to do
Go out reaction, (brake force increases until reaching maximum braking through certain prolongation time so that the applying of braking force delay cannot be realized
Power), and brake force closed-loop control cannot be realized certainly.In the case where opposed brake lining seat extremely pincers are rigidly installed, will
Can be so situation that is, volume of working chamber 14 actually can no longer change from brake lining starts contact track, so as to
The further increase or reduction of the pressure in working chamber 14 can be soon resulted in cannot the sensitive external change of brake force for controlling.
In order to ensure the flexibility of the second brake lining seat 25, several pilot pins are fixed and/or adjusting screw 35 is screwed into
Its dorsal part, pilot pin or adjusting screw are with it not towards the side of brake lining seat through caliper 24 and/or its above-mentioned border member.
There is compression spring part of multiple heres in the form of laminated leaf spring 36 between them, it slides into corresponding adjusting screw 35
On.So, the second brake lining seat can avoid the auxiliary spring unit that (by overcoming) here is preferably produced by laminated leaf spring
Increase tension force.It is many that this causes characteristic curve to relax, because small pressure change is no longer result in the very big change of brake force.
But strikingly, the second brake lining seat 25 is also substantially attached to laminated leaf spring 27, and laminated leaf spring is by least
Three or the interlayer composition of preferably more leaf springs side by side, the power occurred during so as to braking is led to completely or at least substantially
Cross laminated leaf spring 27 and be passed to caliper 24, rather than by adjusting screw 35.These are in the caliper 24 preferably between big
Gap extends, so as not to disturbing the flexibility of the second brake lining seat or with frictional force distorting it.The function base of adjusting screw 35
This upper limit on the fact that, will laminated leaf spring 36 be held in place, and with it not towards the locking of brake lining seat and/or lower section
The side of nut 37 protrudes from the head of caliper and avoids the brake lining seat relative to caliper in laminated leaf spring and possible convex
It is too remote in the direction top offset of track and/or guide rail 2 under the influence of ear.Especially arrange lock nut 37 be easily because
The position can be set like this.In other words, adjusting screw 35 is associated with brake lining 16 and/or brake lining by fixation
Seat 25, and/or is kept by brake lining 16 and/or brake lining seat 25, at the same they can in the wall of caliper 24 slide anteroposterior,
Unless its head of screw or lock nut 37 are against caliper 24.
For the sake of complete, with reference to the adjustable stop 38 being preferably provided with, backstop here is designed to stop screw shape, and it is preferably logical
Cross locking to be fastened.So, the distance can be limited, and thus the second brake lining seat can be avoided.So, can need
When ensure that brake unit illustrates the characteristic curve that jumps lighted from certain, then produce the brake force of surge together with causing respectively
The further pressure increase of dynamic device side, if.
For the sake of most clear, Fig. 7 is illustrated again before it has been described that general principle：
Each brake lining seat 25 preferably has passage, and seat 25 can be fixed by the passage/and sliding sleeve is to laminated leaf spring 27.Cause
The fact that be limited to displaying principle for Fig. 7, therefore two leaf springs are only shown.Preferably exist in the center of brake lining seat 25 or central area
Exist between seat 25 and laminated leaf spring 27 and fix, so as to seat 25 cannot be such as empty by dot-dash in the central authorities of Fig. 7 along laminated leaf spring lengthwise movement
Line signifies ground.Laminated leaf spring 27 includes that for fixed at least two 28 one of lost motion or gap of providing is with braking
Liner seat 25 will be eliminated when will be pressed towards guide rail (being not shown here) or reduces the longitudinal stress in laminated leaf spring 25e, so as to laminated leaf spring
To be extended.
Also the function of adjusting screw and is seen in the figure 7：
In the presence of the power signified by F1, once the power is large enough to oppress (or " flattening ") in the form of laminated leaf spring 36
The spring part of composition and while the wall that caliper 24 is not fixed to because being fixed on brake lining seat of adjusting screw 35 is (logical
Hole) in and move with brake lining seat 25, brake lining seat 25 can be moved.Adjusting screw is equipped with lock nut 37,
It may decide that the distance when brake is released between brake lining seat 25 and guide rail.
Can see again, adjusting backstop 38 can limit the maximum displacement of brake lining seat.
Self-evident, shown " leaf spring suspension " is also realized in active brake piece side.This signifies in the figure 7 by arrow F2,
The arrow represents the brake force produced by hydraulic actuator.
Have to, it is noted once again that just servo brakes can also be used as by the brake described by accompanying drawing.Then,
Required at present is in mostly the disk brake or the motor system of drum brake form for brake motor or live axle
Dynamic device is no longer required, and this at least compensate for quite a few cost caused by brake provided by the present invention.
Finally, the overall conclusion prompting of herein below is looked like required：
Preferably, it is claimed by the following feature independently of further feature or with belong to the application other
The content described by feature that claim feature or the feature from specification combine：
Elevator with the lift car (4) moved up and down along guide rail (2), including opened loop control or the hydraulic pressure of closed-loop control
Brake is used for the lift car (4) that slows down, and brake is included for oppressing one group of brake lining (16) extremely in closing direction
The hydraulic actuator (11) of brake component, hydraulic actuator (11) is rubbed on closing direction by main spring unit with producing brake
The power of wiping is by pretension, and hydraulic actuator (11) includes hydraulic cylinder (12) and piston (13), and cylinder (12) is divided into the first work by piston
Make chamber (14) and the second working chamber (15), and piston (13) according to the hydraulic pressure being present in the first working chamber (14) wholly or in part
The power of compensation main spring unit, under any circumstance difference with the prior art is brake application rate and/or final power
By hydraulic pressure source by opened loop control or closed-loop control, the brake lining (16) of device (11) operation is hydraulically actuated by the power
It is forced on track (2), on the pressure side (D) of the hydraulic pressure source fills the upper of at least one piston (13) with hydraulic fluid
The first working chamber (14) is stated, its suction side (S) can aspirate flow of pressurized from second working chamber (15) of at least one piston (13)
Body, and additonal pressure control pipeline (39) interconnects the first working chamber (14) and the second working chamber (15), and flow through pressure control
The actual flow velocity of the hydraulic fluid of tubulation line (39) is determined by valve is controlled.
The characteristics of above-mentioned elevator, is preferably, control valve (V2；V23) be for special on-off operation valve, it has only
Two settling positions, i.e. " valve is fully closed " or " valve standard-sized sheet ".
The characteristics of above-mentioned elevator, is preferably, control valve (V2；V23) it is the valve with valve element, the valve blocks or open Jing
Cross valve (V2；V23 path), and valve (V2；V23) it is designed to flow through valve (V2；V23 flow) can be by the state
" the mobile valve element on closing direction " is per second and " moving valve element in the direction of the opening " between to switch back and forth the valve (V2；
V23) determining.
The characteristics of elevator as described in the previous paragraph, is preferably, and the hydraulic system is included except the pressure with control valve (V2)
Power control pipeline (39) also has outward the choke flow line (41) for including throttling control valve (V3) for stopping in lift car (4) stop
By among process or noise abatement afterwards apply liquid braking device, and/or including short valve (V1) short-circuit pipeline (40) for tight
Brake in the case of urgency is quickly applied, and/or including brake relief valve (V4) brake discharge line (42) for
Do not start and brake is discharged in the case of hydraulic pump (19) to the degree that can start new row ladder.
The characteristics of elevator as described in the previous paragraph, is preferably, and is provided with to the hydraulic pump of hydraulic actuator (11) feed flow
(19), wherein pump (19) is braked to normal operational condition or to the process for stopping ladder when by lift car (4) abnormal operating condition
In continuously run, itself is by speeds control, Torque Control, FREQUENCY CONTROL or power consumption control.
The characteristics of elevator as described in the previous paragraph, is preferably, used as the hydraulic cylinder of hydraulic actuator (11) part
(12) it is " round trip ", " double-rod " cylinder (12), the piston (13) in cylinder forms the first working chamber (14) and the second working chamber (15), its
Middle cylinder (12) is designed to when piston (13) is mobile, the hydraulic fluid discharged from the first working chamber (14) and the second working chamber
(15) hydraulic fluid received is equivalent.
The characteristics of elevator as described in the previous paragraph, is preferably, and the elevator car brake and controls elevator car brake
Control device be designed to when beginning the is sailed out of elevator car brake by the pressure quilt that is stored in accumulator (111)
Open, and hydraulic pump (19) postpones to start and preferably reaches at least the 30% of its normally travel speed and more in lift car (4)
Well at least 50% it is not activated before.
Previous paragraphs as described in elevator the characteristics of be preferably, the brake include at least two described in hydraulic actuator
(11), both are designed to act on brake(-holder) block, hydraulic actuator (11) quilt in normal operating described at least one of which
As hydraulic accumulator (111), its conveying opens elevator car brake institute to inoperative hydraulic pump (19) when beginning is sailed out of
The pressure of needs, or hydraulic actuator described at least one of which (11) and additional accumulator (111) conveying sailing out of beginning
When inoperative hydraulic pump (19) open pressure required for elevator car brake.
The characteristics of elevator as described in the previous paragraph, is preferably, and the hydraulic elevator car brake itself includes that acceleration is passed
Sensor (10a, 10b), it is preferably integrated in brake unit, and its signal is preferably so used for controlling brake force, that is, lead
≤ 1g is caused.
For the method for the opened loop control or closed-loop control of the hydraulic elevator car brake with hydraulic actuator (11),
The hydraulic actuator has at least one piston rod (31), and it passes through main spring unit on closing direction with braking needed for producing
Power required for power is by pretension, and piston rod (31) is connected to piston (13), and piston is complete according to the hydraulic pressure being applied thereto
Or part compensates the power of the main spring unit, it is characterized in that, track is crushed on by the brake lining (16) that piston rod (31) is operated
On final power by speeds control and/or Torque Control and/or many quadrant operations motor is by opened loop control or closes
Ring is controlled, the motor substitute optional mode according to actual needs as first or so that hydraulic pump (19) delivering hydraulic fluid simultaneously
Therefore the mode for reducing the final power for acting on brake lining (16) drives hydraulic pump (19), or the motor as generator
Or brake motor brake fluid press pump (19), i.e. hydraulic fluid as follows is preferred by closed-loop control or the liquid stream of opened loop control
The contrary direction of the actual conveying directions of Xiang Yuqi and thus increase effect are flowed back to through the hydraulic pump (19) by hydraulic fluid
In the final power of brake lining (16), and the motor substitutes optional mode according to actual needs as follows as second
Drive hydraulic pump (19), even if hydraulic pump (19) or delivering hydraulic fluid and thus reduce act on brake lining (16) most
Whole power, or make that leakage current Jing hydraulic pumps (19) is flowed back to the direction contrary with conveying direction and therefore increase acts on braking lining
The final power of piece (16).
The characteristics of method as above is, in order to perform brake hard, the spring part (17) to be compensated wholly or in part
The hydraulic pressure of power is eliminated by bypassing the hydraulic pump (19) by short-circuit pipeline, and the short-circuit pipeline can be by motor-driven valve
(V1) opened wholly or in part.
According to the method for one of claim 11 to 13, it is characterized in that, the lift car actuator is included for directly work
For several hydraulic actuators (11) of at least one brake lining (16), and according to the size of current desired brake force,
All of or predetermined quantity the actuator (11) of one elevator car brake unit is activated.
A kind of elevator car brake of claimed one or more be designed in execution preceding method and outfit
There is the elevator of this elevator car brake.
Previous paragraphs listed by claim can by from other claims or specification one or more are special
Levy to supply.
Reference numerals list
1 drive unit for lift
2 car guide rails
3 guides
4 lift cars
5 route benchmark
6 displacement transducers
First elevator car brake unit of 7a deadman's brakes
Another elevator car brake unit of 7b deadman's brakes
First elevator car brake unit of 7'a another kind brake forms
Second elevator car brake unit of 7'b another kind brake forms
First additional brake unit of 8a additional brakes
Another additional brake unit of 8b additional brakes
9 another central elevator control gears
The control device of 10 lift cars
10a acceleration transducers
10b acceleration transducers
10c holding wires
11 hydraulic actuators (are separately presented as 11.1.1-11.1.x and/or 11.2.1-11.2.x and/or 11.1,11.2
With 11.3)
12 cylinders
13 pistons
First working chamber of 14 cylinders
Second working chamber of 15 cylinders
16 brake lining
17 spring parts, a part for main spring unit
18 motor
19 hydraulic pumps
20 pressure equalising vessels
21 choke valves
22 control units
23 fixed supports
24 calipers
25 brake lining seats
26 passages with caliper
27 laminated leaf springs
The eye of 28 laminated leaf springs
29 fixing screws laminated leaf springs
30 spring set screws
31 piston rods
32 (unallocated)
33 compression springs
34 latch plates
35 adjusting screws
36 laminated leaf springs
The locking nut of 37 adjusting screws
38 adjustable stops
39 control pipelines
40 short-circuit pipelines
41 choke flow lines
42 brake discharge lines
111 accumulators
The loop of 114 the first working chambers of connection
The loop of 115 the second working chambers of connection
The 116 common loops for being used for multiple valves
The loop of 117 interconnection
The loop of 118 interconnection
The loop of 119 interconnection
Overlay region on front side of caliper and brake lining seat
The border member of R calipers
ESB deadman's brakes
ESG additional brakes
ISB intelligent and safe brakes
D prexxure of the hydraulic pump side
S hydraulic pump suction sides
SE1 pressure sensors
SE2 pressure sensors
V1 valves 1
V2 valves 2
V3 valves 3
V4 valves 4
V5 valves 5
V23 valves 23
V34 valves 34
VV is used for the valve of accumulator temporarily connection
CV check valves (are separately presented as CV1, CV2, CV3)
BP forms the conduit under fluid pressure for allowing pressure controlled bypass
The conduit under fluid pressures of HS1 first
The conduit under fluid pressures of HS2 second
LM lost motions
Claims (16)
1. a kind of elevator, it has lift car and at least one car brake unit or preferably at least two acts on respectively
In the elevator car brake unit of different track or guide rail,
Wherein, at least one brake lining can be operated by hydraulic actuator (11),
It is characterized in that,
At least one brake lining (16) is flexibly connected by plate spring member or laminated leaf spring (27) with fricton-tight guidance mode
To the caliper (24).
2. elevator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal axis of the plate spring member (27) parallel to track
Extend, the brake lining kept by the track acts on the track,
Wherein, the plate spring member (27) is held against caliper in the region at its two ends mutually opposing in the direction of its longitudinal axis
(24),
Wherein, preceding supporting (28) is fixed bearing in moving downward, and the supporting delayed in moving downward is to float
Supporting (28), the floating support allows the plate spring member (27) to move in longitudinal axis.
3. elevator according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the plate spring member (27) is so designed that, once the hydraulic actuation
Device (11) no longer applies any pressure to the brake lining (16) and/or the brake lining seat (25), and the plate spring member just pulls back this
Brake lining (16) and/or the brake lining seat (25) are to its open position.
4. the elevator according to one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, the caliper (24) preferably at its narrow end surface, extremely
Small part covers the brake lining (16) or brake lining seat (25) kept by the plate spring member (27), so as to the system
Dynamic liner (16) or braking bar (25) also by overlap () under plate spring member (27) failure condition even if blocked in the system
In dynamic pincers (24).
5. the elevator according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, described at least one and be usually that each hydraulic pressure is caused
Dynamic device (11) shows at least one piston rod (31), and the piston rod is not connected to the brake lining (16) or its braking lining
Bar (25), so as to can only or substantially can only between the piston rod (31) and the brake lining and/or its brake lining seat
Transmission compression stress.
6. the elevator according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, several hydraulic actuators (11) are available, these
Hydraulic actuator can by individually hydraulic control, wherein, the piston rod (31) of the actuator (11) is not connected to the braking
Liner (16) or its brake lining seat (25), so as to belong to an actuator being hydraulically controlled on " combined floodgate " direction at least
One piston rod can activate that brake lining or its liner seat are lifted off being not belonging to be hydraulically controlled on " combined floodgate " direction
At least one piston rod of device.
7. the elevator preferably according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, be provided with least two lift car brake components,
The lift car brake component is designed in terms of hydraulic pressure be independent by forming self-centered hydraulic circuit.
8. elevator according to claim 7, is characterized in that, be provided with least two lift car brake components, each described electricity
Terraced car brake component shown equipped with motorized motions hydraulic pump and the control unit of one or more valves, preferably compensation box and
Actually all or most of connecting pipeline, wherein, described control unit also includes one or more hydraulic actuators, Huo Zhesuo
State one or more hydraulic actuators and the control unit is directly connected to by flange in best hydraulic conduction mode.
9. the elevator according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, at least two elevator car brake units are available for
Use, these elevator car brake units show several actives operated by individually controllable hydraulic actuator (11)
Brake lining (16), so as to brake force can be affected by following facts：So that how many active brake liner (16) quilts
Apply.
10. the elevator according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, these elevator car brake units show and add
Velocity sensor, it is used for opened loop control or the brake force of its elevator car brake unit is distributed in closed-loop control, preferably
The lift car control device being implemented separately with the elevator car brake unit is not involved.
11. elevators according to claim 10, is characterized in that, the preferred direction communication of two elevator car brake units is simultaneously
And the signal of its acceleration transducer is adjusted to find failure.
12. elevators according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, be provided with the best and elevator car brake unit
The lift car control device for separately designing, the lift car control device is filled with elevator cab movement with central elevator controlling
Put communication, be provided directly with the signal of hoistway signal system, and should for central elevator control gear, can independently from
The main operation elevator car brake unit.
13. elevators according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, the lift car has with elevator cab movement
Emergency service source.
14. elevators according to one of aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, there is lift car the current lift car of determination to carry
The load measuring system of lotus.
15. elevators according to claim 1, its have lift car and at least two be respectively acting on different track or
The elevator car brake unit of guide rail, each elevator car brake unit has caliper, and the caliper is by active brake
Liner is maintained at the side of the track as rubbing surface, and passive brake lining is maintained at into the opposite side of track,
It is characterized in that,
Only the active brake liner is directly operated by hydraulic actuator, effect of the hydraulic actuator in relevant pressure
Under completely or partially neutralization tend to push the brake lining against the main spring unit of the track power act on, otherwise with make
Dynamic required pushing presses the brake lining against the track,
Wherein, the passive brake lining is so articulated to auxiliary spring unit so that it can evade the power of auxiliary spring unit,
So as to the distance that the active brake liner must shift to track before braking limit is reached is increased.
A kind of 16. elevator car brake units, it has brakes with the lift car according to one of aforementioned claim
The related feature of device unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202014102356 | 2014-05-20 | ||
| DE202014102356.9 | 2014-05-20 | ||
| DE102014107110.7 | 2014-05-20 | ||
| DE102014107110 | 2014-05-20 | ||
| DE202014103702.0U DE202014103702U1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-08 | Safety device for operating an elevator |
| DE102014111359.4A DE102014111359A1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-08 | Method for operating a car brake unit |
| DE102014111359.4 | 2014-08-08 | ||
| DE202014103702.0 | 2014-08-08 | ||
| EP14004276 | 2014-12-18 | ||
| EP14199025.9 | 2014-12-18 | ||
| EP14004276.3 | 2014-12-18 | ||
| EP14199025 | 2014-12-18 | ||
| PCT/EP2015/061155 WO2015177234A1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2015-05-20 | Safety device for operating an elevator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106660743A true CN106660743A (en) | 2017-05-10 |
| CN106660743B CN106660743B (en) | 2019-08-27 |
Family
ID=54553460
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580039535.2A Active CN106660743B (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2015-05-20 | Safety device for elevator operation |
| CN201580039425.6A Active CN106536395B (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2015-05-20 | Hydraulic elevator car brake unit with controllable brake force |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580039425.6A Active CN106536395B (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2015-05-20 | Hydraulic elevator car brake unit with controllable brake force |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP3145848B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN106660743B (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2907453T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUE057026T2 (en) |
| WO (2) | WO2015177228A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109775508A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-21 | 上海三菱电梯有限公司 | Emergency braking apparatus and elevator device with the emergency braking apparatus |
| CN112357718A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 山东奔速电梯股份有限公司 | Quick braking device of household elevator without pit |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014116281A1 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Elevator with a braking device |
| EP3239085B1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-03-20 | KONE Corporation | Solution for compensating an effect of temperature change in a proximity sensor in a machinery brake of an elevator |
| US10352805B2 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2019-07-16 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Load-measuring hydraulic cylinder |
| DE102018120000A1 (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2020-02-20 | Moog Gmbh | Electrohydrostatic actuator system with suction tank |
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- 2015-05-20 HU HUE15723246A patent/HUE057026T2/en unknown
- 2015-05-20 ES ES15723248T patent/ES2907453T3/en active Active
- 2015-05-20 EP EP15723248.9A patent/EP3145848B1/en active Active
- 2015-05-20 WO PCT/EP2015/061143 patent/WO2015177228A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-05-20 ES ES15723246T patent/ES2902845T3/en active Active
- 2015-05-20 WO PCT/EP2015/061155 patent/WO2015177234A1/en active Application Filing
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| CN109775508A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-21 | 上海三菱电梯有限公司 | Emergency braking apparatus and elevator device with the emergency braking apparatus |
| CN109775508B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-07-14 | 上海三菱电梯有限公司 | Emergency braking device and elevator system with same |
| CN112357718A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 山东奔速电梯股份有限公司 | Quick braking device of household elevator without pit |
| CN112357718B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-09-21 | 山东奔速电梯股份有限公司 | Quick braking device of household elevator without pit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3145848B1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
| WO2015177234A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
| EP3145847B1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
| WO2015177228A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
| EP3145847A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
| HUE057026T2 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
| ES2902845T3 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
| CN106536395A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| CN106660743B (en) | 2019-08-27 |
| ES2907453T3 (en) | 2022-04-25 |
| EP3145848A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
| CN106536395B (en) | 2019-09-20 |
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