CN107985082B - Electro-hydraulic braking method for dumper - Google Patents

Electro-hydraulic braking method for dumper Download PDF

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CN107985082B
CN107985082B CN201711319507.3A CN201711319507A CN107985082B CN 107985082 B CN107985082 B CN 107985082B CN 201711319507 A CN201711319507 A CN 201711319507A CN 107985082 B CN107985082 B CN 107985082B
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braking force
brake
vehicle
electric
hydraulic
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CN107985082A (en
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赖仁国
汪学松
陈思思
罗恒贤
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Guangzhou Electrical Locomotive Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Electrical Locomotive Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B60L7/26Controlling the braking effect
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/36Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Abstract

An electro-hydraulic braking method for a dumper is characterized in that under a normal condition, when the speed V is greater than 5km/h, the electric brake controls the braking and the deceleration of the whole dumper; when the vehicle speed is lower than 5km/h, a driver applies electric braking force at 0-15 degrees and mechanical braking force at 15-20 degrees by stepping on a brake pedal; for the reason that the vehicle is overspeed or the electric braking force output by the converter is insufficient, a driver can operate the mechanical braking permission switch, and the electric failure electromagnetic valve loses power and is put into mechanical braking; when the electric braking force of the whole vehicle fails, the output of the electric braking force is 0, the pressure of a pipeline is controlled to be applied to a brake, mechanical braking is applied, and the whole vehicle is braked and stopped; when the vehicle needs to be stopped immediately in an emergency, a driver can press an emergency brake button, the electric failure electromagnetic valve is de-energized, the auxiliary brake electromagnetic valve is energized, and the hydraulic valve set applies pressure to control the action of a service brake, so that the vehicle is ensured to be stopped reliably; when the electromagnetic proportional valve is in failure, the hydraulic controller can not control the brake to apply mechanical braking force by outputting signals.

Description

Electro-hydraulic braking method for dumper
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dumper, in particular to an electro-hydraulic braking method for the dumper.
Background
The existing dumper generally only has mechanical braking, namely hydraulic braking, and when braking is carried out, a driver controls a brake pedal through judgment, so that the braking of the whole dumper is realized. The braking method has the problem that the mechanical loss of the brake is large because a driver subjectively judges that mechanical braking is frequently applied, so that a braking system with low loss and reliable braking needs to be designed. For example, the Chinese patent publication No. 107128293 discloses an electrohydraulic combined braking method for a dump truck, the maximum driving braking force of the vehicle is the superposition of the maximum electric braking force and the supplemented hydraulic braking force; the brake controller BCU calculates the braking force, converts the electric braking force into electric braking torque and transmits the electric braking torque to the vehicle control unit VCU; the hydraulic braking force is converted into a 0-5V voltage signal and then transmitted to a signal converter, the signal converter converts the 0-5V voltage signal into a 4-20mA current signal and transmits the 4-20mA current signal to an electromagnetic proportional valve, and the electromagnetic proportional valve converts the current signal into a pipeline pressure signal for braking; the brake controller is used as a control center of the brake system to collect the operation instruction of the brake pedal and the state information of each part of the whole vehicle in real time, perform control decision according to a corresponding control strategy, and output and adjust the electric brake force and the hydraulic brake pressure in real time. The combined braking system effectively prevents a driver from subjectively judging that mechanical brake is frequently applied to cause large mechanical loss of the brake, but the electricity of the combined braking system is short of a reasonable strategy of electro-hydraulic brake distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an electro-hydraulic braking method for a dumper, which has high braking reliability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an electro-hydraulic braking method for a dumper,
when the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 5km/h, a driver steps on a brake pedal, the brake pedal outputs a voltage signal to a vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit performs given operation on electric braking force, given electric braking force information is transmitted to a traction converter through CAN communication, the traction converter outputs to control a traction motor, and the vehicle brakes and decelerates;
when the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 0km/h and less than 5km/h, a driver applies electric braking force when the angle of the brake pedal is 0-15 degrees by stepping on the brake pedal, the brake pedal outputs a voltage signal to the whole vehicle controller, the whole vehicle controller performs electric braking force given calculation, the given maximum electric braking force information is transmitted to the traction converter through CAN communication, the traction converter outputs and controls a traction motor, and the whole vehicle brakes and decelerates; when the angle of a brake pedal is 15-20 degrees, mechanical braking force is applied, the brake pedal outputs a voltage signal to a vehicle controller, the vehicle controller performs hydraulic braking force setting operation, the set hydraulic braking force information is transmitted to a hydraulic controller through CAN communication, the hydraulic controller outputs a signal to control an electromagnetic proportional valve, pipeline pressure is controlled to a brake, mechanical braking is applied, and the vehicle is braked and stopped;
when the vehicle is overspeed or the electric braking force output by the converter is insufficient, a driver CAN operate a mechanical braking permission switch, the electric failure electromagnetic valve loses power and puts mechanical braking into operation, the display screen prompts the driver to decelerate and stop, the driver treads a brake pedal, when the angle of the brake pedal is 0-20 degrees, a corresponding output voltage signal is sent to the whole vehicle controller, the whole vehicle controller performs given operation on the electric braking force, the given maximum electric braking force information is transmitted to the traction converter through CAN communication, and the maximum electric braking force is output; when the angle of a brake pedal is 20-35 degrees, corresponding output pressure is supplied to a hydraulic valve group, the hydraulic brake valve group supplies pipeline pressure to a front axle brake and a rear axle brake, mechanical brake force is applied, and the whole vehicle is braked and stopped;
when the vehicle control unit monitors an electric braking force failure signal, the system gives an alarm and prompts a driver to stop immediately, the driver pedals the brake pedal to output a voltage signal to the vehicle control unit, at the moment, the electric braking force output is 0, the vehicle control unit performs given operation on the hydraulic braking force, the given hydraulic braking force information is transmitted to the hydraulic controller through CAN communication, the hydraulic controller outputs a signal to control the electromagnetic proportional valve, the pressure of a control pipeline is applied to the brake, mechanical braking is applied, and the vehicle is braked and stopped;
when the vehicle needs to be stopped immediately in an emergency, a driver can press an emergency brake button, the electric failure electromagnetic valve is de-energized, the auxiliary brake electromagnetic valve is energized, and the hydraulic valve set applies pressure to control the action of a service brake, so that the vehicle is ensured to be stopped reliably;
when the electromagnetic proportional valve is in fault, the hydraulic controller outputs signals which can not control the brake to apply mechanical braking force, the electromagnetic valve in electric failure loses power, a driver steps on the brake pedal, when the angle of the brake pedal is 20-35 degrees, the corresponding pressure is output by 0-20.7MPa, and the brake motor car is controlled, so that the vehicle can be dragged at low speed in a fault state.
As an improvement, when the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 5km/h, the given electric braking force F electricity = S% × F electricity max; when V is more than or equal to 0km/h and less than 5km/h, the given electric braking force Felectricity = S1% xF electricity max, and the given hydraulic braking force Fliquid = S2% xF liquid max; when the vehicle is overspeed or the converter output electric braking force is insufficient, the given electric braking force F electric = S%. times.F electric max; when the electric braking force fails, the given hydraulic braking force, fiiquid = S% × F liquamax; f electric braking force, F electric max is the electric braking force on the maximum envelope curve, F liquid is hydraulic braking force, F liquid max is the maximum hydraulic braking force, S% is the output percentage of the brake pedal, S1% is the electric braking output percentage of the brake pedal at 0-15 degrees when the speed is 0-5km/h, and S2% is the electric braking output percentage of the brake pedal at 15-20 degrees when the speed is 0-5 km/h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, braking strategies are formulated by the vehicle in different states, so that electric braking and hydraulic braking are reasonably switched, the braking reliability is improved, and the braking loss is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of an electric brake characteristic.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention takes a 150-ton dumper as an example for explanation, and a front axle of the whole dumper is provided with 6 service brakes, and a rear axle is provided with 4 service brakes and 2 parking brakes.
As shown in fig. 2, the electric braking characteristics of the dump truck according to the present invention:
the vehicle speed is in a natural characteristic region above 46km/h, and the rotating speed range of the traction motor is as follows: 2222-3300 r/min.
Vehicle speed 25
Figure 15988DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
To 46
Figure 605232DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The constant power braking interval is arranged between the traction motors, and the rotating speed range of the traction motors is as follows: 1207-2222 r/min, wherein the maximum braking power of the whole vehicle is 1900kw, and the maximum gradient allowed in the constant power region is 14%.
The speed is in a transition area from the constant torque braking to the constant power braking from 17km/h to 25km/h, and the rotating speed range of the traction motor is as follows: 821-1207 r/min.
Vehicle speed at 1.2
Figure 322652DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
To 17
Figure 655545DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
A constant torque braking area is arranged between the two traction motors, the electric braking force of the whole vehicle is 433kn, and the corresponding rotation speed of the traction motor is as follows: 65 to 821 r/min.
As shown in FIG. 1, the electro-hydraulic combined braking strategy of the present invention is as follows:
1. under the normal condition of the whole vehicle, the electric braking force of the whole vehicle is all effective
When the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 5km/h, a driver steps on a brake pedal, the brake pedal outputs a 0.1-4.9V voltage signal to a vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit transmits the given electric brake force information to a traction converter through CAN communication by electric brake force given operation, the traction converter outputs to control a traction motor, and the vehicle brakes and decelerates.
When the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 0km/h and less than 5km/h, a driver applies electric braking force when the angle of the brake pedal is 0-15 degrees by stepping on the brake pedal, the brake pedal outputs a voltage signal of 0.1-4.9V to a vehicle controller, the vehicle controller performs electric braking force given operation, given maximum electric braking force information is transmitted to a traction converter through CAN communication, the traction converter outputs and controls a traction motor, and the vehicle brakes and decelerates; when the angle of the brake pedal is 15-20 degrees, mechanical braking force is applied, the brake pedal outputs a 0.1-4.9V voltage signal to the vehicle controller, the vehicle controller performs hydraulic braking force setting operation, the set hydraulic braking force information is transmitted to the hydraulic controller through CAN communication, the hydraulic controller outputs a signal to control the electromagnetic proportional valve, the pressure of a control pipeline is applied to the brake, mechanical braking is applied, and the vehicle is braked and stopped.
2. Overspeed/insufficient electric braking force
In order to ensure the reliable operation of the electric brake of the vehicle, the speed limit requirement of the driver is shown in the following table when the whole vehicle is fully loaded, unloaded and in different slopes:
extent of ramp Full load speed limit No-load speed limit
Flat road 45km/h --
4 percent of plain road 36km/h 61km/h
4%-8% 27km/h 52km/h
8%-12% 21km/h 44km/h
12%-16% 17km/h 37km/h
When a driver judges that the electric braking force cannot enable the vehicle to decelerate or the electric braking force slowly cannot meet driving requirements due to reasons of overspeed of the vehicle or insufficient electric braking force output by a converter and the like, the driver CAN operate a mechanical braking permission switch, an electric failure electromagnetic valve loses power and puts into mechanical braking, a display screen prompts the driver to decelerate and stop, the driver correspondingly outputs a 0.1-4.9V voltage signal to a vehicle control unit when stepping on a brake pedal and the angle of the brake pedal is 0-20 degrees, the vehicle control unit transmits given maximum electric braking force information to a traction converter through CAN communication by giving operation of the electric braking force, and the maximum electric braking force is output; when the angle of the brake pedal is 20-35 degrees, the pressure of 0-20.7Mpa is correspondingly output to the hydraulic valve group, the hydraulic brake valve group applies pipeline pressure to the front axle brake and the rear axle brake, mechanical brake force is applied, and the whole vehicle is braked and stopped. And (4) checking each system when the vehicle is stopped, and if each system works normally, the brake has no oil leakage phenomenon, and the vehicle can continue to run after reaching a normal state.
3. Failure of electric braking force
When the vehicle control unit monitors an electric braking force failure signal, the system gives an alarm and prompts a driver to stop immediately, the driver treads a brake pedal, the brake pedal outputs a 0.1-4.9V voltage signal to the vehicle control unit, at the moment, the electric braking force output is 0, the vehicle control unit performs given operation on the hydraulic braking force, given hydraulic braking force information is transmitted to the hydraulic controller through CAN communication, the hydraulic controller outputs a signal to control an electromagnetic proportional valve, the pressure of a control pipeline is applied to a brake, mechanical braking is applied, and the vehicle is braked and stopped. And unloading the whole vehicle in situ, checking whether each system works normally or not, checking and maintaining the converter and the brake, and if each system works normally, the brake has no oil leakage phenomenon, so that the vehicle can continue to run after reaching a normal state.
4. Emergency brake
When the vehicle needs to be stopped immediately in an emergency, a driver can press an emergency brake button, the electric failure electromagnetic valve is de-energized, the auxiliary brake electromagnetic valve is energized, and the hydraulic valve set applies pressure to control the action of the service brake, so that the vehicle is ensured to be stopped reliably.
5. Failure of electromagnetic proportional valve
When the electromagnetic proportional valve is in fault, the hydraulic controller outputs signals which can not control the brake to apply mechanical braking force, the electromagnetic valve in electric failure loses power, a driver controls the brake to move the vehicle by stepping on the brake pedal, the pedal is 20-35 degrees, the corresponding pressure is output by 0-20.7MPa, and the vehicle can be dragged at low speed under the fault state.
In the invention, when the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 5km/h, the given electric braking force F electricity = S% × F electricity max; when V is more than or equal to 0km/h and less than 5km/h, the given electric braking force Felectricity = S1% xF electricity max, and the given hydraulic braking force Fliquid = S2% xF liquid max; when the vehicle is overspeed or the converter output electric braking force is insufficient, the given electric braking force F electric = S%. times.F electric max; when the electric braking force fails, the given hydraulic braking force, fiiquid = S% × F liquamax; f electric braking force, F electric max is the electric braking force on the maximum envelope curve, F liquid is hydraulic braking force, F liquid max is the maximum hydraulic braking force, S% is the output percentage of the brake pedal, S1% is the electric braking output percentage of the brake pedal at 0-15 degrees when the speed is 0-5km/h, and S2% is the electric braking output percentage of the brake pedal at 15-20 degrees when the speed is 0-5 km/h.

Claims (2)

1. An electro-hydraulic braking method for a dumper is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 5km/h, a driver steps on a brake pedal, the brake pedal outputs a voltage signal to a vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit performs given operation on electric braking force, given electric braking force information is transmitted to a traction converter through CAN communication, the traction converter outputs to control a traction motor, and the vehicle brakes and decelerates;
when the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 0km/h and less than 5km/h, a driver applies electric braking force when the angle of the brake pedal is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to alpha and less than 15 degrees by stepping on the brake pedal, the brake pedal outputs a voltage signal to the vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit performs electric braking force given operation, the given maximum electric braking force information is transmitted to the traction converter through CAN communication, the traction converter outputs and controls the traction motor, and the vehicle brakes and decelerates; when the angle of the brake pedal is more than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees, applying mechanical brake force, outputting a voltage signal by the brake pedal, sending the voltage signal to the vehicle control unit, performing hydraulic brake force setting operation on the vehicle control unit, transmitting the given hydraulic brake force information to the hydraulic controller through CAN communication, outputting a signal by the hydraulic controller to control the electromagnetic proportional valve, controlling pipeline pressure to a brake, applying mechanical brake, and stopping the vehicle;
when the vehicle is overspeed or the electric braking force output by the converter is insufficient, a driver CAN operate the mechanical braking permission switch, the electric failure electromagnetic valve loses power and puts mechanical braking into operation, the display screen prompts the driver to decelerate and stop, the driver treads a brake pedal, when the angle of the brake pedal is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 20 degrees, a corresponding output voltage signal is sent to the vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit performs given operation on the electric braking force, the given maximum electric braking force information is transmitted to the traction converter through CAN communication, and the maximum electric braking force is output; when the angle alpha of the brake pedal is more than or equal to 20 degrees and less than or equal to 35 degrees, corresponding output pressure is supplied to a hydraulic valve bank, the hydraulic brake valve bank supplies pipeline pressure to a front axle brake and a rear axle brake, mechanical brake force is applied, and the whole vehicle is braked and stopped;
when the vehicle control unit monitors an electric braking force failure signal, the system gives an alarm and prompts a driver to stop immediately, the driver pedals the brake pedal to output a voltage signal to the vehicle control unit, at the moment, the electric braking force output is 0, the vehicle control unit performs given operation on the hydraulic braking force, the given hydraulic braking force information is transmitted to the hydraulic controller through CAN communication, the hydraulic controller outputs a signal to control the electromagnetic proportional valve, the pressure of a control pipeline is applied to the brake, mechanical braking is applied, and the vehicle is braked and stopped;
when the vehicle needs to be stopped immediately in an emergency, a driver can press an emergency brake button, the electric failure electromagnetic valve is de-energized, the auxiliary brake electromagnetic valve is energized, and the hydraulic valve set applies pressure to control the action of a service brake, so that the vehicle is ensured to be stopped reliably;
when the electromagnetic proportional valve is in fault, the hydraulic controller outputs signals which can not control the brake to apply mechanical braking force, the electric failure electromagnetic valve loses power, a driver steps on the brake pedal, when the angle alpha of the brake pedal is more than or equal to 20 degrees and less than or equal to 35 degrees, the corresponding pressure is output by 0-20.7MPa, and the brake motor car is controlled, so that the vehicle can be pulled at low speed in a fault state.
2. The electro-hydraulic braking method for the dump truck according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the vehicle speed V is more than or equal to 5km/h, the given electric braking force F electricity = S%. times.F electricity max; when V is more than or equal to 0km/h and less than 5km/h, the given electric braking force Felectricity = S1% xF electricity max, and the given hydraulic braking force Fliquid = S2% xF liquid max; when the vehicle is overspeed or the converter output electric braking force is insufficient, the given electric braking force F electric = S%. times.F electric max; when the electric braking force fails, the given hydraulic braking force, fiiquid = S% × F liquamax; f electric braking force, F electric max is the electric braking force on the maximum envelope curve, F liquid is hydraulic braking force, F liquid max is the maximum hydraulic braking force, S% is the output proportion of the brake pedal, S1% is the electric braking output proportion when the speed is 0km/h and V is less than 5km/h, the angle of the brake pedal is 0 degrees and less than alpha 15 degrees, S2% is the hydraulic braking output proportion when the speed is 0km/h and less than V is less than 5km/h, the angle of the brake pedal is 15 degrees and less than alpha 20 degrees.
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CN108422917B (en) * 2018-03-29 2021-01-05 广州电力机车有限公司 Self-discharging vehicle
CN112406826B (en) * 2020-12-07 2022-04-05 广州电力机车有限公司 Control strategy for electric drive dumper braking system
CN114454707A (en) * 2022-01-14 2022-05-10 艾德斯汽车电机无锡有限公司 Double-power battery-driven hub motor distributed driving chassis

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US20040251095A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-16 Hydro-Quebec Electric vehicle braking system
CN103847529A (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-11 魏李琳 Pure-electric urban passenger car brake energy recycling system control method
CN104118329B (en) * 2014-07-25 2016-08-24 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 A kind of Recovering Waste Energy of Braking in Automobiles control system and control method thereof
CN104786850B (en) * 2015-02-13 2017-06-27 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 A kind of composite braking system and its braking control system and brake control method
CN104890521B (en) * 2015-05-11 2017-11-14 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 A kind of composite braking method
CN106627538A (en) * 2016-11-25 2017-05-10 航天重型工程装备有限公司 Electric-hydraulic composite braking system
CN107128293B (en) * 2017-04-06 2020-02-07 广州电力机车有限公司 Electro-hydraulic combined braking method for dumper

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