CN106653876A - 一种太阳能电池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能电池,包括:N型单晶硅片;设在N型单晶硅片受光面和背光面的本征非晶硅钝化层;设在N型单晶硅片受光面本征非晶硅钝化层上的P型掺杂非晶硅层;设在N型单晶硅片背光面本征非晶硅钝化层上的N型掺杂非晶硅层;设在P型掺杂非晶硅层和N型掺杂非晶硅层上的透明导电膜层;设在P型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极;设在N型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极;所述铜栅线电极的表面被锡层完全包覆。本发明不仅克服了银浆丝网印刷的缺点,还具有提高转换效率,降低工艺成本的优点,在铜栅线电极的表面再进行包覆锡,即可防止铜栅线电极在空气中放置时间长被氧化,又可以作为助焊层连接主栅与焊带,并增强两者之间的附着力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域,具体涉及一种太阳能电池。
背景技术
随着光伏产业的迅速发展,市场迫切需求一种工艺流程简单、光电转化效率高的太阳能电池产业化制备技术来降低光伏发电成本,使光伏发电成本达到与市电同价或低于市电价格的目标。
晶硅异质结太阳能电池是通过在晶体硅衬底上生长非晶硅薄层而形成PN结,即发射极的异质结电池,具有结构简单、工艺温度低、转换效率高、温度特性好的特点,是适合于大规模推广应用的高效太阳能电池之一,具有很好的发展前景。
当前,银浆丝网印刷技术是实现太阳能电池顶部栅线电极的首选。对于传统晶硅太阳能电池,其丝网印刷技术是采用高温银浆,通过高温(约850℃)烧结使得银栅线与硅表面形成合金层,这样保证了银线与电池片表面的的附着力,但是异质结太阳能电池的工艺温度不超过250℃,所以只能使用低温银浆来满足工艺要求,但用低温银浆印刷后的栅线在~200℃固化后,其未与覆盖于非晶硅膜层上的透明导电膜发生物理或化学反应,导致两者之间的结合力差,此会导致后续电池片串焊及组件封装的问题。另外,通过丝网印刷技术形成的银栅 线电极一般导电性不好,且线宽难以做到<80μm以增加有效吸光面积,这为提高电池片的光电转换效率带来困难。另外,异质结电池片的特点之一是背面采用密栅线,其栅线密度是受光面的2-3倍,因此银的用量过多会显著增加电池片的制造成本。使用丝网印刷技术,需要分别印刷电池片的顶部与背部,顶部印刷完成后,还要经过低温烘烤,待栅线固化后,再翻面进行背部的印刷,这样增加了工艺的复杂性,且铜栅线电极受污染氧化影像电池性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有太阳能电池技术中存在的问题,提供一种太阳能电池,其太阳能转换率高、制造成本低。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括:N型单晶硅片;设在N型单晶硅片受光面和背光面的本征非晶硅钝化层;设在N型单晶硅片受光面本征非晶硅钝化层上的P型掺杂非晶硅层;设在N型单晶硅片背光面本征非晶硅钝化层上的N型掺杂非晶硅层;设在P型掺杂非晶硅层和N型掺杂非晶硅层上的透明导电膜层;设在P型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极;设在N型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极;所述铜栅线电极的表面包覆锡层。
优选的,所述设在P型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极与设在N型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极一次性同时形成。
优选的,所述铜栅线电极的表面包覆锡层是通过在化学镀锡溶液中浸没的方式完成,所述化学镀锡溶液是碱性溶液。
优选的,所述锡层的厚度为0.2-0.6μm。
本发明采用以上技术方案,在电池片顶部与背部的铜栅线电极的表面完全包覆化学镀锡层,可防止铜栅线电极在空气中放置时间长被氧化,又可以作为助焊层连接主栅与焊带,并增强两者之间的附着力。铜栅线电极表面完全包覆的锡层是在碱性化学镀锡溶液中通过浸没的方式一次同时形成,所述化学镀锡溶液不腐蚀透明导电膜层。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种太阳能电池示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明专利,并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所述,本发明公开了一种太阳能电池,其包括:N型单晶硅片1;设在N型单晶硅片1受光面和背光面的本征非晶硅钝化层2;设在N型单晶硅片1受光面本征非晶硅钝化层2上的P型掺杂非晶硅层3;设在N型单晶硅片1背光面本征非晶硅钝化层2上的N型掺杂非晶硅层4;设在P型掺杂非晶硅层3和N型掺杂非晶硅层4上的透明导电膜层5;设在P型掺杂非晶硅层3的透明导电膜层5上的铜栅 线电极6;设在N型掺杂非晶硅层4的透明导电膜层5上的铜栅线电极6;所述铜栅线电极6的表面包覆有锡层7。其中,所述铜栅线电极6通过电镀形成,且设在P型掺杂非晶硅层3的透明导电膜层5上的铜栅线电极6与设在N型掺杂非晶硅层4的透明导电膜层5上的铜栅线电极6一次同时电镀形成;通过电镀铜取代银浆丝网印刷的方式在太阳能电池的受光面即顶部和背光面即背部一次同时形成铜栅线电极。通过电镀形成的铜栅线电极,其电阻率约为2×10-6ohm-cm,一般比通过丝网印刷形成的银栅线电极低一个数量级,通过掩膜漏出栅线图案的方式所镀的铜栅线电极的线宽可以进一步减小至40–50μm,远低于目前丝网印刷所形成的约70μm的银栅线线宽。随着顶部电极栅线宽度的减小,电池片的性能会进一步提升。此外,铜是低价金属,其取代银作为电极,可极大地减少电池片的制作成本。
所述锡层7是通过浸没的方式在碱性化学镀锡溶液中一次同时形成,所述化学镀锡溶液不腐蚀透明导电膜层5,所述锡层7的厚度为0.2-0.6μm。在铜栅线电极6的表面再进行化学镀锡处理,即可防止铜栅线电极在空气中放置时间长被氧化,又可以作为助焊层连接主栅与焊带,并增强两者之间的附着力。
本发明所述太阳能电池的具体制作过程可以如下:
步骤1:在N型单晶硅片的的受光面和背光面上分别通过PECVD(等离子体增强型化学气相沉积法)沉积一层本征非晶硅膜层(I-a-Si:H);
步骤2:在N型单晶硅片受光面本征非晶硅钝化层上通过PECVD 法沉积P型掺杂非晶硅层(P-a-Si:H);
步骤3:在N型单晶硅片背光面本征非晶硅钝化层上通过PECVD法沉积N型掺杂非晶硅层;
步骤4:在P型掺杂非晶硅膜层上通过PVD磁控溅射沉积一层80-100nm厚的TCO透明导电膜层。
步骤5:在N型掺杂非晶硅膜层上通过PVD磁控溅射沉积一层25-100nm厚的TCO透明导电膜层。
步骤6:在受光面和背光面的透明导电膜层上采用电镀通电的方式一次同时形成铜栅线电极。
步骤7:将上述形成的N型晶硅异质结电池片进行清洗,去除表面的油污、有机物杂质等,并用稀硫酸对铜栅线电极表面进行活化处理;
步骤8:将上述N型晶硅异质结电池片放入化学镀锡溶液中预浸,获得<50nm的锡层后,再将电池片转入另一化学镀锡溶液中,所述化学镀锡溶液为碱性溶液,不腐蚀覆盖于非晶硅层上的透明导电膜层。经过20-40分钟的浸没获得所需锡层的厚度;以甲基磺酸(CH3HSO3)化学镀锡为例,其化学反应原理如下:
2Cu+Sn2++6CH2CSCH2+CH3HSO3=2Cu(CH2CSCH2)6SO3+Sn+H+
采用以上工艺制得的太阳能电池片,其通过在铜栅线电极的表面完全包覆锡层,实现了太阳能电池的无铅无镉无氟,相对比较环保,减少了对环境的污染与破坏,而且锡层具有很强的耐蚀性及易于焊接的特点。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明专利,凡在发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括:
N型单晶硅片;
设在N型单晶硅片受光面和背光面的本征非晶硅钝化层;
设在N型单晶硅片受光面本征非晶硅钝化层上的P型掺杂非晶硅层;
设在N型单晶硅片背光面本征非晶硅钝化层上的N型掺杂非晶硅层;
设在P型掺杂非晶硅层和N型掺杂非晶硅层上的透明导电膜层;
设在P型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极;
设在N型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极;
所述铜栅线电极的表面被锡层完全包覆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于:所述设在P型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极与设在N型掺杂非晶硅层的透明导电膜层上的铜栅线电极一次性同时形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于:所述铜栅线电极的表面被锡层完全包覆是通过在化学镀锡溶液中浸没的方式完成,所述化学镀锡溶液是碱性溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于:所述锡层的厚度为0.2-0.6μm。
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Cited By (6)
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CN110797439A (zh) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-14 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | 硅异质结太阳电池的铜电极的包覆方法 |
CN111969077A (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-20 | 泰州隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池片的返工方法 |
CN112086525A (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-15 | 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池及其制作方法 |
CN112701182A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 北京工业大学 | 一种双面入光结构的太阳能电池 |
CN114447123A (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-06 | 苏州阿特斯阳光电力科技有限公司 | 异质结太阳能电池及光伏组件 |
CN114889315A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-12 | 晋能光伏技术有限责任公司 | 丝网印刷版组、丝印方法及异质结太阳能电池的制备方法 |
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Cited By (9)
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CN110797439A (zh) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-14 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | 硅异质结太阳电池的铜电极的包覆方法 |
CN111969077A (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-20 | 泰州隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池片的返工方法 |
CN111969077B (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-04-19 | 泰州隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池片的返工方法 |
CN112086525A (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-15 | 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池及其制作方法 |
CN112086525B (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-11-04 | 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池及其制作方法 |
CN114447123A (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-06 | 苏州阿特斯阳光电力科技有限公司 | 异质结太阳能电池及光伏组件 |
CN114447123B (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2024-05-14 | 苏州阿特斯阳光电力科技有限公司 | 异质结太阳能电池及光伏组件 |
CN112701182A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 北京工业大学 | 一种双面入光结构的太阳能电池 |
CN114889315A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-12 | 晋能光伏技术有限责任公司 | 丝网印刷版组、丝印方法及异质结太阳能电池的制备方法 |
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