CN106637576B - 高强低伸涤纶短纤维高效节能制备工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种高强低伸涤纶短纤维高效节能制备工艺，包括分丝、第一道牵伸、浸油、第二道牵伸、水浴、第三道牵伸、高温蒸汽、热紧张定型、高温闪蒸、喷油、烘干、切断、输送等步骤。通过本发明制得的涤纶短纤维强度高，短纤维强度为2.6～5.7cN/dtex，高强力纤维为5.6～8.0cN/dtex，由于吸湿性较低，它的湿态强度与干态强度基本相同，耐冲击强度比普通涤纶高1.2～1.5倍；同时具有较好的弹性，弹性接近羊毛，当伸长5％～6％时，几乎可以完全恢复，耐皱性超过其他涤纶，织物不折皱，尺寸稳定性好。弹性模数为22～141cN/dtex，比正常涤纶高2～3倍。涤纶织物具有较高的强度与弹性恢复能力，因此，其坚牢耐用、抗皱免烫。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织技术领域，具体涉及一种高强低伸涤纶短纤维高效节能制备工艺。
背景技术
涤纶的学名叫聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维，简称聚酯纤维。涤纶是这种纤维在我国的商品名称。它是以精对苯二甲酸(PTA)和乙二醇(EG)为原料经酯化和缩聚反应而制得的成纤高聚物—聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),经纺丝和后处理制成的纤维。
涤纶生产的基本原料是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯，它是以石油、煤、天然气等为原料，经过一系列化学反应制成的。最初制成的聚酯呈熔融状态，但通过进一步处理可以将其变成具有一定形状和尺寸的固体颗粒，这种固体颗粒叫聚酯切片(或称涤纶切片)。对聚酯切片进一步加工就得到我们所要的涤纶纤维。
在对聚酯切片进一步加工过程中常常存出现纤维强度低、易折断、弹性差、恢复能力弱，涤纶的热塑性差等不足。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种强度高、弹性好、具有较佳热塑性的高强低伸涤纶短纤维高效节能制备工艺。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种高强低伸涤纶短纤维高效节能制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)分丝：将烘干后的聚酯切片原料送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得涤纶短纤维；
(2)第一道牵伸：利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中涤纶短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长；
(3)浸油：拉伸后的涤纶短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制涤纶短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在2～3m/min；
(4)第二道牵伸：利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的涤纶短纤维进行二道牵伸；
(5)水浴：将经过第二道牵伸的涤纶短纤维通入水浴槽中，控制水温在72℃±1℃，水浴时间40分钟；
(6)第三道牵伸：将经过水浴后的涤纶短纤维通过七辊牵伸机进行第三次牵伸；
(7)高温蒸汽：经过第三次牵伸后的涤纶短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±1℃，时间20分钟；
(8)热紧张定型：经过高温蒸汽的涤纶短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将涤纶短纤维进行紧张定型；
(9)高温闪蒸：紧张定型后的涤纶短纤维输送至闪蒸系统，控制蒸汽温度为180～200℃，涤纶短纤维以2m/min通过闪蒸系统；
(10)喷油：向涤纶短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(11)烘干：将涤纶短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得涤纶短纤维松弛热定型，控制烘干温度在150℃以上，时间40分钟；
(12)切断、输送：将烘干后的涤纶短纤维进行切断、输送。
所述步骤(2)中七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为50～60℃，对牵伸辊上的涤纶短纤维进行烘干。
所述步骤(3)中的油体由以下重量份的原料组成：
亚麻籽油10-15份，海藻油2-8份，甘草粉1.5-2.0份，二氧化硅粉体2.0-2.5份，SOS油性剂1.2-1.8份，金刚砂0.5-1.0份，生物质碳0.4-0.8份，海泡石0.3-0.5份，磷矿粉0.2-0.6份，钛白粉1.0-1.5份。
所述步骤(3)中涤纶短纤维含油量控制在5％～8％。
所述步骤(4)、(6)中七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度分别为50℃、100℃。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)强度高。短纤维强度为2.6～5.7cN/dtex，高强力纤维为5.6～8.0cN/dtex。由于吸湿性较低，它的湿态强度与干态强度基本相同。耐冲击强度比普通涤纶高1.2～1.5倍；
(2)弹性好。弹性接近羊毛，当伸长5％～6％时，几乎可以完全恢复。耐皱性超过其他涤纶，织物不折皱，尺寸稳定性好。弹性模数为22～141cN/dtex，比正常涤纶高2～3倍。涤纶织物具有较高的强度与弹性恢复能力，因此，其坚牢耐用、抗皱免烫；
(3)热塑性好。制得的涤纶表面光滑，内部分子排列紧密，具有热塑性，可制做百褶裙，且褶裥持久。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
一种高强低伸涤纶短纤维高效节能制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)分丝：将烘干后的聚酯切片原料送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得涤纶短纤维；
(2)第一道牵伸：利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中涤纶短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长；
(3)浸油：拉伸后的涤纶短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制涤纶短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在2～3m/min；
(4)第二道牵伸：利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的涤纶短纤维进行二道牵伸；
(5)水浴：将经过第二道牵伸的涤纶短纤维通入水浴槽中，控制水温在72℃±1℃，水浴时间40分钟；
(6)第三道牵伸：将经过水浴后的涤纶短纤维通过七辊牵伸机进行第三次牵伸；
(7)高温蒸汽：经过第三次牵伸后的涤纶短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±1℃，时间20分钟；
(8)热紧张定型：经过高温蒸汽的涤纶短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将涤纶短纤维进行紧张定型；
(9)高温闪蒸：紧张定型后的涤纶短纤维输送至闪蒸系统，控制蒸汽温度为180～200℃，涤纶短纤维以2m/min通过闪蒸系统；
(10)喷油：向涤纶短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(11)烘干：将涤纶短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得涤纶短纤维松弛热定型，控制烘干温度在150℃以上，时间40分钟；
(12)切断、输送：将烘干后的涤纶短纤维进行切断、输送。
所述步骤(2)中七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为50～60℃，对牵伸辊上的涤纶短纤维进行烘干。
所述步骤(3)中的油体由以下重量份的原料组成：
亚麻籽油10-15份，海藻油2-8份，甘草粉1.5-2.0份，二氧化硅粉体2.0-2.5份，SOS油性剂1.2-1.8份，金刚砂0.5-1.0份，生物质碳0.4-0.8份，海泡石0.3-0.5份，磷矿粉0.2-0.6份，钛白粉1.0-1.5份。
所述步骤(3)中涤纶短纤维含油量控制在5％～8％。
所述步骤(4)、(6)中七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度分别为50℃、100℃。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例，并不用来限制本发明，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (1)
1.一种高强低伸涤纶短纤维高效节能制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)分丝：将烘干后的聚酯切片原料送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得涤纶短纤维；
(2)第一道牵伸：利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中涤纶短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长；
(3)浸油：拉伸后的涤纶短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制涤纶短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在2～3m/min；
(4)第二道牵伸：利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的涤纶短纤维进行二道牵伸；
(5)水浴：将经过第二道牵伸的涤纶短纤维通入水浴槽中，控制水温在72℃±1℃，水浴时间40分钟；
(6)第三道牵伸：将经过水浴后的涤纶短纤维通过七辊牵伸机进行第三次牵伸；
(7)高温蒸汽：经过第三次牵伸后的涤纶短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±1℃，时间20分钟；
(8)热紧张定型：经过高温蒸汽的涤纶短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将涤纶短纤维进行紧张定型；
(9)高温闪蒸：紧张定型后的涤纶短纤维输送至闪蒸系统，控制蒸汽温度为180～200℃，涤纶短纤维以2m/min通过闪蒸系统；
(10)喷油：向涤纶短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(11)烘干：将涤纶短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得涤纶短纤维松弛热定型，控制烘干温度在150℃以上，时间40分钟；
(12)切断、输送：将烘干后的涤纶短纤维进行切断、输送；
所述步骤(2)中七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为50～60℃，对牵伸辊上的涤纶短纤维进行烘干；
所述步骤(3)中的油体由以下重量份的原料组成：亚麻籽油10-15份，海藻油2-8份，甘草粉1.5-2.0份，二氧化硅粉体2.0-2.5份，SOS油性剂1.2-1.8份，金刚砂0.5-1.0份，生物质碳0.4-0.8份，海泡石0.3-0.5份，磷矿粉0.2-0.6份，钛白粉1.0-1.5份；
所述步骤(3)中涤纶短纤维含油量为5％～8％；
所述步骤(4)、(6)中七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度分别为50℃、100℃。
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