CN106637077B - 一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法及制备得到的涂层 - Google Patents

一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法及制备得到的涂层 Download PDF

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CN106637077B
CN106637077B CN201611020871.5A CN201611020871A CN106637077B CN 106637077 B CN106637077 B CN 106637077B CN 201611020871 A CN201611020871 A CN 201611020871A CN 106637077 B CN106637077 B CN 106637077B
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张磊
周洋
张锡健
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Shandong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法及制备得到的涂层,1)对刀具的表面进行清洁;2)在刀具的表面溅射CrN涂层,靶材为CrN合金;3)在溅射有CrN涂层的刀具表面溅射CrAlSiN涂层,靶材为CrAlSiN合金,溅射环境为氩气环境;4)在步骤3)处理的刀具表面制备DLC涂层,得到目的涂层。本发明利用CrN过渡层,增大CrAlSiN涂层与刀具基片间的结合强度,利用DLC涂层和CrAlSiN涂层间形成的非晶层,增大DLC涂层和CrAlSiN涂层间的结合强度,在硬质合金刀具表层形成高硬度、高耐磨损性能、结合强度高的梯度涂层,有效防止了刀具在使用过程中DLC涂层的脱落问题,降低了刀具与工件材料之间的摩擦,延长了涂层刀具的使用寿命。

Description

一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法及制备得到的涂层
技术领域
本发明属于化工材料领域,具体涉及一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法及制备得到的涂层。
背景技术
涂层作为化学屏障和热屏障,减少了刀具与工件间的扩散和化学反应,从而减少了刀具的磨损,因此切削刀具大部分采用涂层工艺来提高它们的使用性能。涂层采用的材料须具有硬度高、耐磨性好、化学性能稳定、不与工件材料发生化学反应、耐热耐氧化以及与基体附着牢固等要求。类金刚石碳膜(Diamond-like carbon films,简称DLC膜)作为新型的硬质薄膜材料具有一系列优异的性能,如高硬度、高耐磨性、高热导率、高电阻率等,具有良好的应用前景,但是该涂层硬度高、易脱落,造成刀具的使用寿命降低。此外,在某些场合中,DLC涂层的硬度还是不够,在处理质地较硬的材料时,容易发生磨损,损坏。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的以上问题,本发明的一个目的是提供一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法,该方法可以将DLC膜牢固地涂覆在刀具基体的表面,使制备得到的涂层具有高硬度、高耐磨性等优势,而且制备得到的涂层不易脱落,使刀具具有更长的使用寿命,此外,DLC膜与其他膜的配合,更好地提高了刀具涂层的硬度和耐磨损能力。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种刀具表面多元复合涂层,该涂层利用上述制备方法制备而来,从内到外依次为CrN、CrAlSiN和DLC,CrN涂层作为CrAlSiN涂层与基体间的过渡层,主要目的是增加CrAlSiN涂层与基体间的结合强度,DLC涂层和CrAlSiN涂层之间形成非晶层,可以增大DLC涂层和CrAlSiN涂层间的结合强度,防止DLC涂层的脱落。
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)对刀具的表面进行清洁;
2)在刀具的表面溅射CrN涂层,靶材为CrN合金;
3)在溅射有CrN涂层的刀具表面溅射CrAlSiN涂层,靶材为CrAlSiN合金,溅射环境为氩气环境;
4)在步骤3)处理的刀具表面制备DLC涂层,得到目的涂层。
采用组织成分均匀的CrAlSiN合金靶材,用氩气进行溅射,最终在CrN涂层表面形成组织成分均匀的CrAlSiN涂层,可以提高CrAlSiN涂层与CrN涂层之间化学结合的均匀性,进而整体提高了CrAlSiN涂层与CrN涂层之间的结合力,成功解决了主耐磨涂层(CrAlSiN涂层)整体抗磨损能力不均衡、易脱落的问题。在组织成分均匀的CrAlSiN涂层上溅射DLC涂层,两个涂层紧密结合,大大提高了刀具涂层的硬度,减小了摩擦系数。
同时,制备的CrAlSiN涂层质地均匀,表面平整,在CrAlSiN涂层上制备的DLC涂层的表面光滑,减小了摩擦系数,且DLC涂层相对于CrAlSiN涂层起到润滑缓冲的作用,减小了在使用过程中的磨损,延长了刀具的使用寿命。
优选的,步骤1)中,首先对刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,使其达到设定的粗糙度,清洗、干燥后在磁控溅射室中被氩离子清洁,直至达标。
进一步优选的,抛光后的刀具基片表面粗糙度为0.04-0.06μm,进一步的粗糙度为0.05μm。有利于提高基体和涂层的结合强度。
进一步优选的,采用超声清洗机对抛光后的刀具基片进行清洗,干燥的温度为120-200℃。有利于清洗液的干燥挥发。
进一步优选的,刀具在磁控溅射室中被氩离子清洁时,氩气的压力为2.5-3.5Pa,施加200-220V偏压。可提高基体表面的洁净度。
优选的,步骤2)中,溅射CrN涂层时,氩气的压力为2.0-3.0Pa,施加200-220V偏压,溅射的时间为15-25min。在这种条件下,CrN涂层和基体有好的结合强度。
优选的,步骤3)中,溅射CrAlSiN涂层时,氩气的压力为2.0-3.0Pa,施加35-45V偏压,溅射的时间为30-50min。
这种条件下形成的CrAlSiN涂层厚度均匀,晶体颗粒小,涂层硬度、强度和耐磨损性能好。
优选的,步骤4)中,DLC涂层采用乙炔和四甲基硅烷制备,用PACVD(plasmaassistedchemical vapor deposition)方法制成,时间为110-130min。
利用上述制备方法制备得到的多元复合涂层,从刀具基片表面到外依次包括CrN涂层、CrAlSiN涂层和DLC涂层。
优选的,CrN涂层的厚度为150-200nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为1700-2300nm,DLC涂层厚度为700-1200nm。这样的厚度可以保证涂层刀具表层既有足够的强度,又有好的摩擦磨损性能。
进一步优选的,CrN涂层的厚度为170-190nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为1900-2100nm,DLC涂层厚度为900-1100nm。
优选的,所述CrAlSiN涂层的微观硬度为4000HV,DLC涂层的微观硬度为2000HV。
一种涂覆有上述多元复合涂层的刀具。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明利用CrN过渡层,增大CrAlSiN涂层与刀具基片间的结合强度,利用DLC涂层和CrAlSiN涂层间形成的非晶层,增大DLC涂层和CrAlSiN涂层间的结合强度,在硬质合金刀具表层形成高硬度、高耐磨损性能、结合强度高的梯度涂层,有效防止了刀具在使用过程中CrAlSiN涂层和DLC涂层的脱落问题。由于CrAlSiN涂层的组织均匀,表面均匀,所以,在CrAlSiN涂层表面制备的DLC涂层具有更小的摩擦系数,进一步降低了刀具与工件材料之间的摩擦,大大降低了涂层在刀具使用过程中的磨损,延长了涂层刀具的使用寿命。
本发明采用磁控离子溅射工艺,真空室气压低,得到的涂层厚度均匀、组织成分均匀,晶体颗粒小,涂层的硬度、强度以及耐磨损性能好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种硬质合金刀片表面CrN-CrAlSiN-DLC涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁和干燥
刀片基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.05μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度120℃。
2.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁
刀片基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至6×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在3Pa压力下,施加220V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理20分钟。
3.溅射CrN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加220V偏压,溅射功率为120W,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为20分钟。
4.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,溅射功率为200W,施加40V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为40分钟。
5.制备DLC涂层
DLC涂层采用乙炔和四甲基硅烷,用PACVD(plasma assisted chemical vapordeposition)方法制成,时间120分钟。
在CA6140型车床上进行刀片寿命试验测试:
材料为45钢,平均硬度为HB188。刀具前角-6°,后角6°,刃斜角-6°,主偏角75°,刀尖角90°,刀片边长12.7mm,刀片厚度4.76mm。走刀量0.41mm/r,切削深度2mm,切削速度200m/min,刀片连续切削50-200s后,测量后刀面磨损值VB,当VB达到0.3mm时,累计切削时间作为刀片寿命。
得到的CrN涂层的厚度为150nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为2000nm,DLC涂层的厚度为1000nm。
涂层的硬度为48GPa,表面粗糙度为1.8纳米,摩擦系数为0.09,采用划痕试验测得涂层与基体间的结合力为73N,刀片寿命为22min。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别为CrAlSiN涂层的制备方法:利用CrAlSi复合靶材在真空室内进行沉积CrAlSiN层,复合靶材由射频阴极控制,溅射气氛采用Ar与N2的混合气体,其余的参数与实施例1相同,得到2μm的CrAlSiN涂层。
制备得到的涂层的硬度为35GPa,表面粗糙度为3.5纳米,摩擦系数为0.25,涂层与基体间的结合力为62N,刀片寿命为14min。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别为:没有CrN涂层的制备,直接将CrAlSiN涂层溅射到刀片的基体上,其他参数与实施例1相同。
制备得到的涂层的硬度为41GPa,表面粗糙度为3.1纳米,摩擦系数为0.23,涂层与基体间的结合力为68N,刀片寿命为17min。
实施例2
一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN-DLC涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁和干燥
刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.05μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度180℃。
2.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁
刀具基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至6×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在2Pa压力下,施加210V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理25分钟。
3.溅射CrN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加220V偏压,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为25分钟。
5.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为3Pa,施加45V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为50分钟。
5.制备DLC涂层
DLC涂层采用乙炔和四甲基硅烷,用PACVD(plasma assisted chemical vapordeposition)方法制成,时间120分钟。
得到的CrN涂层的厚度为170nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为2210nm,DLC涂层的厚度为1050nm。
涂层的硬度为45GPa,表面粗糙度为2.2纳米,摩擦系数为0.14,采用划痕试验测得涂层与基体间的结合力为72N,刀片寿命为20min。
实施例3
一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN-DLC涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁和干燥
刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.06μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度200℃。
2.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁
刀具基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至6×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在3Pa压力下,施加200V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理20分钟。
3.溅射CrN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.0Pa,施加220V偏压,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为20分钟。
6.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.0Pa,施加40V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为40分钟。
5.制备DLC涂层
DLC涂层采用乙炔和四甲基硅烷,用PACVD(plasma assisted chemical vapordeposition)方法制成,时间120分钟。
得到的CrN涂层的厚度为157nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为1950nm,DLC涂层的厚度为950nm。
涂层的硬度为46GPa,表面粗糙度为2.2纳米,摩擦系数为0.10,采用划痕试验测得涂层与基体间的结合力为71N,刀片寿命为21min。
上述虽然结合对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁和干燥
刀片基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.05μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度120℃;
2.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁
刀片基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至6×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在3Pa压力下,施加220V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理20分钟;
3.溅射CrN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加220V偏压,溅射功率为120W,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为20分钟;
4.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,溅射功率为200W,施加40V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为40分钟;
5.制备DLC涂层
DLC涂层采用乙炔和四甲基硅烷,用PACVD方法制成,时间120分钟。
2.一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁和干燥
刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.05μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度180℃;
2.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁
刀具基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至6×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在2Pa压力下,施加210V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理25分钟;
3.溅射CrN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加220V偏压,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为25分钟;
4.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为3Pa,施加45V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为50分钟;
5.制备DLC涂层
DLC涂层采用乙炔和四甲基硅烷,用PACVD方法制成,时间120分钟。
3.一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1.硬质合金刀片基片的清洁和干燥
刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.06μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度200℃;
2.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁
刀具基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至6×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在3Pa压力下,施加200V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理20分钟;
3.溅射CrN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.0Pa,施加220V偏压,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为20分钟;
4.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.0Pa,施加40V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为40分钟;
5.制备DLC涂层
DLC涂层采用乙炔和四甲基硅烷,用PACVD方法制成,时间120分钟。
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