CN106521413B - 一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106521413B
CN106521413B CN201611020958.2A CN201611020958A CN106521413B CN 106521413 B CN106521413 B CN 106521413B CN 201611020958 A CN201611020958 A CN 201611020958A CN 106521413 B CN106521413 B CN 106521413B
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张磊
周洋
张锡健
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Shandong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种刀具表面CrN‑CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:1)对刀具的表面进行清洁;2)在刀具的表面溅射CrN涂层,靶材为CrN合金;3)在溅射有CrN涂层的刀具表面溅射CrAlSiN涂层,靶材为CrAlSiN合金,溅射环境为氩气环境。本发明通过在硬质合金刀具表面溅射CrN‑CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层,使刀具材料与CrN过渡层和CrAlSiN涂层材料紧密的结合在一起,有效地防止了涂层刀具使用过程中的脱落问题,延长了涂层刀具的使用寿命。

Description

一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工材料技术领域,具体涉及一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
切削刀具大部分采用涂层工艺来提高它们的使用性能。涂层作为化学屏障和热屏障,减少了刀具与工件间的扩散和化学反应,从而减少了刀具的磨损。涂层刀具具有表面硬度高、耐磨性好、化学性能稳定、耐热耐氧化、摩擦系数小和热导率低等特性。涂层采用的材料须具有硬度高、耐磨性好、化学性能稳定、不与工件材料发生化学反应、耐热耐氧化以及与基体附着牢固等要求。CrAlSiN涂层具有硬度高的特点,但是其容易从刀具基片表面剥落,造成刀具的使用寿命降低。虽然已经有专利指出采用CrAlSi复合靶材由射频阴极控制,用Ar与N2的混合气体进行溅射,溅射出来Cr、Al、Si离子与混合气体中的N离子发生复杂的化学反应,形成CrAlN基体相和Si3N4界面相的混合体,但是涂层内部形成Si3N4界面相包裹CrAlN纳米等轴晶粒的复杂结构,导致CrAlSiN的组织成分不均匀,涂层的性能难以保证。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明的一个目的是提供一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层的制备方法,该方法可以将CrAlSiN涂层牢牢地结合在刀具基片表面,有效防止CrAlSiN涂层从刀具基片表面剥落。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层,该复合涂层由上述制备方法制备而来,从内到外依次为CrN涂层和CrAlSiN涂层,CrN涂层作为CrAlSiN涂层与基体之间的过渡层,主要目的是增加CrAlSiN涂层与基体间的结合强度。得到的CrAlSiN涂层厚度和组织成分均匀,晶体颗粒小。
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)对刀具的表面进行清洁;
2)在刀具的表面溅射CrN涂层,靶材为CrN合金;
3)在溅射有CrN涂层的刀具表面溅射CrAlSiN涂层,靶材为CrAlSiN合金,溅射环境为氩气环境。
采用组织成分均匀的CrAlSiN合金靶材,用氩气进行溅射,最终在CrN涂层表面形成组织成分均匀的CrAlSiN涂层,可以提高CrAlSiN涂层与DLC涂层之间结合强度的均匀性,进而整体提高了CrAlSiN涂层与CrN涂层之间的结合力,成功解决了主耐磨层-CrAlSiN涂层的整体抗磨能力不均衡、易脱落的问题。同时,制备得到的CrAlSiN涂层质地均匀、表面光滑,减小了摩擦系数,减小了在使用过程中的磨损,延长了刀具的使用寿命。
优选的,步骤1)中,首先对刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,使其达到设定的粗糙度,清洗、干燥后在磁控溅射室中被氩离子清洁,直至达标。
进一步优选的,抛光后的刀具基片表面粗糙度为0.02-0.04μm,进一步的粗糙度为0.03μm。有利于提高基体和涂层的结合强度。
进一步优选的,采用超声清洗机对抛光后的刀具基片进行清洗,干燥的温度为120-200℃。有利于清洗液的干燥挥发。
进一步优选的,刀具在磁控溅射室中被氩离子清洁时,氩气的压力为1.5-2.5Pa,施加200-220V偏压,清洁的时间为20-35min。可提高基体表面的洁净度。
优选的,步骤2)中,溅射CrN涂层时,氩气的压力为2.0-3.0Pa,施加200-220V偏压,溅射的时间为35-45min。在这种条件下,CrN涂层和基体有好的结合强度。
优选的,步骤3)中,溅射CrAlSiN涂层时,靶材为CrAlSiN合金,氩气的压力为2.0-3.0Pa,施加35-45V偏压,溅射的时间为55-65min。
这种条件下形成的CrAlSiN涂层厚度均匀,晶体颗粒小,涂层硬度、强度和耐磨损性能好。
利用上述制备方法制备得到的多元复合涂层,从刀具基片表面到外依次包括CrN涂层和CrAlSiN涂层。
优选的,CrN涂层的厚度为150-200nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为1700-2300nm。
这样的厚度可以保证涂层刀具表层既有足够的强度,又有一定的摩擦磨损性能。
一种涂覆有上述多元复合涂层的刀具。
本发明的有益技术效果为:
本发明通过在硬质合金刀具表面溅射CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层,使刀具材料与CrN过渡层形成物理化学结合层,CrN过渡层和CrAlSiN涂层形成化学结合层,如果硬质合金刀具表面直接溅射CrAlSiN,则刀具材料与CrAlSiN涂层较难形成化学结合层,通过溅射CrN过渡层,可以有效地防止涂层刀具使用过程中的脱落问题,延长了涂层刀具的使用寿命。
本发明将CrAlSiN合金作为靶材,采用磁控离子溅射工艺,真空室气压低,得到的涂层厚度均匀、组织成分均匀,晶粒颗粒小,涂层的硬度、强度以及耐磨损性能好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层的制备方法。
该方法包括如下步骤:
1.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁和干燥
刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.03μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度120℃。
2.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁
刀具基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至5×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在2Pa压力下,施加200V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理30分钟。
3.溅射CrN过渡涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加200V偏压,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为40分钟。
4.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加40V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为60分钟。
得到的CrN涂层的厚度为150nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为2000nm。
在CA6140型车床上进行刀片寿命试验测试:
材料为45钢,平均硬度为HB188。刀具前角-6°,后角6°,刃斜角-6°,主偏角75°,刀尖角90°,刀片边长12.7mm,刀片厚度4.76mm。走刀量0.41mm/r,切削深度2mm,切削速度200m/min,刀片连续切削50-200s后,测量后刀面磨损值VB,当VB达到0.3mm时,累计切削时间作为刀片寿命。
涂层的硬度为50GPa,表面粗糙度为2.3纳米,摩擦系数为0.12,采用划痕试验测得涂层与基体间的结合力为78N,刀片寿命为27min。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别为CrAlSiN涂层的制备方法:利用CrAlSi复合靶材在真空室内进行沉积CrAlSiN层,复合靶材由射频阴极控制,溅射气氛采用Ar与N2的混合气体,其余的参数与实施例1相同,得到2μm的CrAlSiN涂层。
制备得到的涂层的硬度为36GPa,表面粗糙度为3.9纳米,摩擦系数为0.27,涂层与基体间的结合力为63N,刀片寿命为17min。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别为:没有CrN涂层的制备,直接将CrAlSiN涂层溅射到刀片的基体上,其他参数与实施例1相同。
制备得到的涂层的硬度为42GPa,表面粗糙度为3.3纳米,摩擦系数为0.25,涂层与基体间的结合力为62N,刀片寿命为13min。
实施例2
一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层的制备方法。
该方法包括如下步骤:
2.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁和干燥
刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.04μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度180℃。
3.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁
刀具基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至5×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在2.5Pa压力下,施加220V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理35分钟。
3.溅射CrN过渡涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加220V偏压,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为45分钟。
5.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加40V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为60分钟。
得到的CrN涂层的厚度为200nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为2300nm。
涂层的硬度为49GPa,表面粗糙度为2.5纳米,摩擦系数为0.14,采用划痕试验测得涂层与基体间的结合力为74N,刀片寿命为22min。
实施例3
一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层的制备方法。
该方法包括如下步骤:
3.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁和干燥
刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,粗糙度值为Ra=0.04μm,然后经超声波清洗机清洗,再放入恒温干燥箱中干燥,温度200℃。
4.硬质合金刀具基片的清洁
刀具基片放入磁控溅射室中,气压抽至5×10-5Pa之下后,基片被加热到合适的温度,然后通入氩气,在2Pa压力下,施加200V偏压,刀具基片被氩离子清理30分钟。
3.溅射CrN过渡涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加200V偏压,靶材采用CrN合金,溅射时间为45分钟。
6.溅射CrAlSiN涂层
在磁控溅射室中通入氩气,压力为2.5Pa,施加40V偏压,靶材采用CrAlSiN合金,溅射时间为55分钟。
得到的CrN涂层的厚度为170nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为1900nm。
涂层的硬度为46GPa,表面粗糙度为2.5纳米,摩擦系数为0.14,采用划痕试验测得涂层与基体间的结合力为75N,刀片寿命为25min。
上述虽然对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种刀具表面CrN-CrAlSiN阶梯状多元复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)对刀具的表面进行清洁;
首先对刀具基片表面进行抛光处理,使其达到设定的粗糙度,清洗、干燥后在磁控溅射室中被氩离子清洁,直至达标;抛光后的刀具基片表面粗糙度为0.02-0.04μm;
2)在刀具的表面溅射CrN涂层,靶材为CrN合金;
溅射CrN涂层时,氩气的压力为2.0-3.0Pa,施加220V偏压,溅射的时间为35-45min;
3)在溅射有CrN涂层的刀具表面溅射CrAlSiN涂层,靶材为CrAlSiN合金,溅射环境为氩气环境;
溅射CrAlSiN涂层时,靶材为CrAlSiN合金,氩气的压力为2.0-3.0Pa,施加35-45V偏压,溅射的时间为55-65min;
所述CrN涂层的厚度为150-200nm,CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为1700-2300nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:采用超声清洗机对抛光后的刀具基片进行清洗,干燥的温度为120-200℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:刀具在磁控溅射室中被氩离子清洁时,氩气的压力为1.5-2.5Pa,施加220V偏压,清洁的时间为20-35min。
4.利用权利要求1-3任一所述的制备方法制备得到的多元复合涂层,其特征在于:从刀具基片表面到外依次包括CrN涂层和CrAlSiN涂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多元复合涂层,其特征在于:CrAlSiN涂层的厚度为1700-2300nm,CrN涂层的厚度为150-200nm。
6.一种涂覆有权利要求4或5所述的多元复合涂层的刀具。
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