CN106635843B - Fermentation medium, mushroom bran fermenting agent and fermentation process - Google Patents
Fermentation medium, mushroom bran fermenting agent and fermentation process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fermentation medium, mushroom bran fermenting agent and fermentation process, are related to the technical field of microbial resources application.Fermentation medium provided by the invention is cultivating white-rot fungi and when aspergillus niger, can the sprouting of effective stimulus spore and the growth of thallus, and the lignin-degrading enzymes enzymatic activity for guaranteeing that white-rot fungi generates is higher, and the cellulose enzyme activity that aspergillus niger generates is higher.Mushroom bran fermenting agent provided by the invention, the optimum organization arranged in pairs or groups using fermentation medium culture white-rot fungi provided by the invention and aspergillus niger, can make cellulose and lignin long-chain be easy to be broken, be conducive to microbial degradation, degradation process is accelerated, degradation time is shortened.The fermentation process of mushroom bran provided by the invention ferments to mushroom bran using mushroom bran fermenting agent provided by the invention, easy to operate, easy to implement, economical and practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of microbial resources application, ferment more particularly, to a kind of fermentation medium, mushroom bran
Microbial inoculum and fermentation process.
Background technique
Mushroom bran refers to generated culture medium discarded object after culturing edible fungus, mainly by crude fibre, crude protein and crude fat
It constitutes.With the rapid development of edible mushroom industry, the mushroom bran generated after Edible Fungi is also more and more.Currently, China has been
The first in the world Lentnus edodes big country produces dry mushroom 1.68 × 10 per year7kg.Mushroom industry is also brought while bringing economic benefit
The wasting of resources and problem of environmental pollution.After the fresh mushroom of every harvest 100kg, the mushroom bran of 60kg can be generated, these mushroom bran nutriments
Abundant, easily putrid and deteriorated, since the understanding to mushroom bran is insufficient, a large amount of mushroom brans fail rational exploitation and utilization and discarded wilderness, this was both
The waste of a large amount of resource is caused, and polluted environment.
Mushroom mushroom bran not only contains the microelements and one such as abundant amino acid, mushroom polysaccharide and Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg slightly
Biological metabolic product such as micro-phenol object, a small amount of alkaloid, flavones and its glucoside, but also contains creatine, polypeptide, saponin
Phytosterol and the chemotrophies substance such as set terpene saponin have the advantages that soft, fragrant odour and safe and non-toxic, can be used as feeding
Expect the new way in source.But because itself lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose etc. are difficult to by the carbon aquation of the direct digestibility and utilization of domestic animal
Object too high levels are closed, its further resource utilization is limited.
Lignin is to pass through complicated, almost spherical made of ehter bond and carbon-to-carbon key joint as phenylpropyl alcohol alkyl structure unit
Amorphous aromatic high polymer, dissolubility is poor, and is difficult to be acid hydrolysis.Due to the complicated bond type with various bio-stables
It is not easy to be degraded by microorganisms, and then the degradation for hindering cellulose utilizes, lignin is the pass for influencing mushroom bran crude fiber digestibility
Key restriction factor.There are a large amount of cellulose-decomposing bacteriums, including bacterium, fungi, infusorian etc. in ruminant tumor gastric, but lack point
Solve microorganism and its enzyme of lignin.Therefore, Yao Tigao cellulose degradation efficiency, it is necessary to which the degradation of solution lignin first is asked
Topic.
For this problem, used at different processing methods, including physical method, chemical method and microorganism both at home and abroad
Reason, these methods can soften feed to a certain extent, destroy cell wall structure, reduce cellulose and hemicellulose level.
Microbiological treatment be universally accepted with a kind of widely used method because microbiological treatment can reduce crude fiber content,
Meet environmental requirement again, but be exactly that degradation rate is low there are a common issue, fermentation time is long, and the degradation of lignin is quite micro-
It is small.
Therefore, develop it is a kind of using microbiological treatment, can effective lignin degrading, fermentation time is short and degradation rate is high
Fermentation medium, mushroom bran fermenting agent and fermentation process are particularly important.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The first purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fermentation medium, cultivates white-rot fungi in the prior art to alleviate
And the technical problem that the enzymatic activity that generates when aspergillus niger is lower；
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, to alleviate fermentation existing in the prior art
Time is long, the low technical problem of the degradation rate of lignin；
Third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, to alleviate bacterium existing in the prior art
The low technical problem of chaff utilization rate.
A kind of fermentation medium provided by the invention, the fermentation medium are grouped as by the group of following parts by weight: dextrin
3-8 parts, 0.1-1 parts of beancake powder, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, Na2PO40.1-0.7 parts, 0.1-0.4 parts of KCl, MgSO4·
7H20.01-0.1 parts of O, FeSO4·7H20.01-0.1 parts of O, NH40.1-0.5 parts of Cl, CaCO30.2-0.8 parts, dimension life
Plain nutrient solution 5-10 parts, 1-10 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, 60-90 parts of water.
Further, the fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight: 6 parts of dextrin, 0.5 part of beancake powder, and ferment
3 parts of female powder, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H20.05 part of O, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O, NH4Cl 0.3
Part, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, 75 parts of water.
Further, the vitamin liquid is by inositol 25-35g, vitamin B10.5-2g, vitamin B60.5-
2g, folic acid 1-3g, biotin 0.01-0.1g, which is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water, to be made；
Preferably, the vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, vitamin B11g, vitamin B61g, folic acid 2g, biotin
0.05g, which is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water, to be made.
Further, the hydrolyzed cereal liquid is by cereal, water and hydrochloric acid composition, the cereal, the mass ratio of water and hydrochloric acid
For 5:25:1.
Further, the hydrolyzed cereal liquid prepare it is as follows: the cereal for being 5:25:1 by mass ratio, water and hydrochloric acid,
It 65 DEG C, under 0.05-0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyzes 60-90 minutes.
Further, the cereal is buckwheat flour.
The present invention also provides a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agents, are 5 × 10 by viable bacteria density5- 5 × 106The white rot of CFU/mL
Fungi is added in above-mentioned fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then is added and lives into the fermentation medium
Strain density is 5 × 105- 5 × 106The aspergillus niger of CFU/mL, through 150r/min, 30 DEG C of cultures obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent afterwards for 24 hours.
Further, the viable bacteria density of the white-rot fungi is 1 × 106CFU/mL, the aspergillus niger viable bacteria density be 1 ×
106CFU/mL。
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, after mushroom bran drying and crushing, to smashed mushroom bran
Middle that above-mentioned mushroom bran fermenting agent is added, adjusting pH is 6.2-6.6, and temperature is 36-41 DEG C, is fermented, when fermentation
Between be 24-48h.
Further, the mushroom bran is mushroom mushroom bran.
Fermentation medium provided by the invention is capable of sprouting for effective stimulus spore when cultivating white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger
The growth of hair and thallus, and the lignin-degrading enzymes enzymatic activity for guaranteeing that white-rot fungi generates is higher, the cellulose that aspergillus niger generates
Enzyme enzymatic activity is higher.Mushroom bran fermenting agent provided by the invention utilizes fermentation medium culture white-rot fungi provided by the invention
With the optimum organization of aspergillus niger collocation, can effectively degrade mushroom mushroom bran, make cellulose and lignin long-chain be easy to be broken, favorably
In microbial degradation, degradation process is accelerated, shortens degradation time.The fermentation process of mushroom bran provided by the invention utilizes this
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that invention provides ferments to mushroom bran, easy to operate, easy to implement, economical and practical.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, below with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.Ability
Field technique personnel should be appreciated that following specifically described content is illustrative and be not restrictive, this should not be limited with this
The protection scope of invention.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Institute
Production firm person is not specified with reagent, tool or instrument, is the conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
The present invention provides a kind of fermentation medium, fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight: dextrin 3-8
Part, 0.1-1 parts of beancake powder, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, Na2PO40.1-0.7 parts, 0.1-0.4 parts of KCl, MgSO4·7H2O
0.01-0.1 parts, FeSO4·7H20.01-0.1 parts of O, NH40.1-0.5 parts of Cl, CaCO30.2-0.8 parts, vitamin battalion
5-10 parts of nutrient solution, 1-10 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, 60-90 parts of water.
Wherein dextrin for example can be, but be not limited to 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts or 8 parts；Beancake powder for example can be,
But it is not limited to 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part, 0.6 part, 0.7 part, 0.8 part, 0.9 part and 1.0 parts；Yeast powder example
It such as can be, but be not limited to 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts and 5 parts；Na2PO4Such as can be, but be not limited to 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3
Part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part, 0.6 part and 0.7 part；KCl for example can be, but be not limited to 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part and 0.4 part；
MgSO4·7H2O for example can be, but be not limited to 0.01 part, 0.02 part, 0.03 part, and 0.04 part, 0.05 part, 0.06 part, 0.07
Part, 0.08 part, 0.09 part and 0.1 part；FeSO4·7H2O for example can be, but be not limited to 0.01 part, 0.02 part, 0.03 part,
0.04 part, 0.05 part, 0.06 part, 0.07 part, 0.08 part, 0.09 part and 0.1 part；NH4Cl for example can be, but be not limited to 0.1
Part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part and 0.5 part；CaCO3Such as can be, but be not limited to 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part,
0.6 part, 0.7 part and 0.8 part, vitamin liquid for example can be, but be not limited to 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts and 10 parts；
Hydrolyzed cereal liquid for example can be, but be not limited to 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts and 10 parts.
In one preferred embodiment, fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight: 6 parts of dextrin, soya-bean cake
0.5 part of powder, 3 parts of yeast powder, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H20.05 part of O, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O,
NH40.3 part of Cl, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, 75 parts of water.
Wherein, dextrin is as the carbon source in fermentation medium, beancake powder and yeast powder as organic in fermentation medium
Nitrogen source, NH4Cl is as inorganic nitrogen-sourced in fermentation medium, Na2PO4、KCl、MgSO4·7H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and CaCO3With
To supplement microelement kind inorganic nutrients object required for thalli growth, vitamin liquid is to supplement required for thalli growth
Vitamin, hydrolyzed cereal liquid are rich in cellulose, can promote the growth and producing enzyme of white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger.
In addition, antibiotic, such as amphotericin B can also be added in fermentation medium of the invention, to inhibit purpose bacterium white
Other bacterial growths except rotten fungi and aspergillus niger.
In the present invention, vitamin liquid is by inositol 25-35g, vitamin B10.5-2g, vitamin B60.5-
2g, folic acid 1-3g, biotin 0.01-0.1g, which is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water, to be made.
In one preferred embodiment, vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, vitamin B11g, vitamin B61g,
Folic acid 2g, biotin 0.05g, which are dissolved in 1000mL distilled water, to be made.
In the present invention, hydrolyzed cereal liquid is made of cereal, water and hydrochloric acid, the cereal, and the mass ratio of water and hydrochloric acid is
5:25:1.
In the present invention, hydrolyzed cereal liquid prepare it is as follows: the cereal for being 5:25:1 by mass ratio, water and hydrochloric acid, 65
DEG C, under 0.05-0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyze 60-90 minutes.
In one preferred embodiment, hydrolyzed cereal liquid prepare it is as follows: by mass ratio be 5:25:1 cereal, water
And hydrochloric acid hydrolyzes 75 minutes under 65 DEG C, 0.06MPa pressure.
Wherein, cereal can be one of wheat berry, barley, corn, mustard wheat face, Semen Coicis face, sorghum rice, black rice or two
Kind or more.
In one preferred embodiment, cereal is buckwheat flour.
The present invention also provides a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agents, are 5 × 10 by viable bacteria density5- 5 × 106The white rot of CFU/mL
Fungi is added in above-mentioned fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then is added and lives into the fermentation medium
Strain density is 5 × 105- 5 × 106The aspergillus niger of CFU/mL, through 150r/min, 30 DEG C of cultures obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent afterwards for 24 hours.
In one preferred embodiment, the viable bacteria density that white-rot fungi is added is 1 × 106CFU/mL, aspergillus niger are living
Strain density is 1 × 106CFU/mL。
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, after mushroom bran drying and crushing, to smashed mushroom bran
Middle that above-mentioned mushroom bran fermenting agent is added, adjusting pH is 6.2-6.6, and temperature is 36-41 DEG C, is fermented, when fermentation
Between be 24-48h.
In one preferred embodiment, adjusting pH is 6.4, and temperature is 37 DEG C, is fermented, fermentation time 36h.
In the present invention, the method for mushroom bran drying and crushing are as follows: the mushroom bran of no mildew is air-dried, 1mm sieve is crossed.
In the present invention, the quality that mushroom bran fermenting agent is added is the 15% of mushroom bran dry weight.
In the present invention, mushroom bran is mushroom mushroom bran.
Under the above conditions, fermentation medium provided by the invention can be effective when cultivating white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger
The sprouting of spore and the growth of thallus are stimulated, and the lignin-degrading enzymes enzymatic activity for guaranteeing that white-rot fungi generates is higher, aspergillus niger
The cellulose enzyme activity of generation is higher.Mushroom bran fermenting agent provided by the invention, utilizes fermentation medium provided by the invention
The optimum organization of white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger collocation is cultivated, can effectively degrade mushroom mushroom bran, make cellulose and lignin long-chain
It is easy to be broken, is conducive to microbial degradation, accelerate degradation process, shortens degradation time.The hair of mushroom bran provided by the invention
Fermenting process ferments to mushroom bran using mushroom bran fermenting agent provided by the invention, easy to operate, easy to implement, economical and practical.
Below with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.In the embodiment of the present invention, white-rot fungi is given
In Shandong University, aspergillus niger is purchased from Chinese Culture Collection Center, and mushroom mushroom bran derives from common farmer.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
6 parts of dextrin, 0.5 part of beancake powder, 3 parts of yeast powder, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05
Part, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O, NH40.3 part of Cl, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, water
75 parts.
Wherein, vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, vitamin B11g, vitamin B61g, folic acid 2g, biotin 0.05g
It is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and being made.Hydrolyzed cereal liquid is by buckwheat flour, and water and hydrochloric acid are 5:25:1 composition in mass ratio, 65
DEG C, under 0.06MPa pressure, hydrolyze 75 minutes.
Viable bacteria density is 1 × 10 by a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent6The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL is added provided in this embodiment
In fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then it is 1 × 10 that viable bacteria density, which is added, into fermentation medium6CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, through 150r/min, 30 DEG C of cultures obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent afterwards for 24 hours.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, the mushroom mushroom bran of no mildew is air-dried, after crossing 1mm sieve, to smashed perfume (or spice)
Mushroom bran fermenting agent provided in this embodiment is added in mushroom chaff, the quality that mushroom bran fermenting agent is added is the present embodiment Lenlinus edodes
The 15% of chaff dry weight, adjusting pH is 6.4, and temperature is 37 DEG C, is fermented, fermentation time 36h.
Embodiment 2
A kind of fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
3 parts of dextrin, 0.1 part of beancake powder, 1 part of yeast powder, Na2PO40.1 part, 0.1 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H2O 0.01
Part, FeSO4·7H20.01 part of O, NH40.1 part of Cl, CaCO30.2 part, 5 parts of vitamin liquid, 1 part of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, water
60 parts.
Wherein, vitamin liquid is by inositol 25g, vitamin B10.5g, vitamin B60.5g, folic acid 1g, biotin
0.01g, which is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water, to be made.For hydrolyzed cereal liquid by buckwheat flour, water and hydrochloric acid are 5:25:1 composition in mass ratio,
Under 65 DEG C, 0.05MPa pressure, hydrolyze 60 minutes.
Viable bacteria density is 5 × 10 by a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent5The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL is added provided in this embodiment
In fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then it is 5 × 10 that viable bacteria density, which is added, into fermentation medium5CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, through 150r/min, 30 DEG C of cultures obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent afterwards for 24 hours.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, the mushroom mushroom bran of no mildew is air-dried, after crossing 1mm sieve, to smashed perfume (or spice)
Mushroom bran fermenting agent provided in this embodiment is added in mushroom chaff, the quality that mushroom bran fermenting agent is added is the present embodiment Lenlinus edodes
The 15% of chaff dry weight, adjusting pH is 6.2, and temperature is 36 DEG C, is fermented, and fermentation time is for 24 hours.
Embodiment 3
A kind of fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
8 parts of dextrin, 1 part of beancake powder, 5 parts of yeast powder, Na2PO40.7 part, 0.4 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H20.1 part of O,
FeSO4·7H20.1 part of O, NH40.5 part of Cl, CaCO30.8 part, 10 parts of vitamin liquid, 10 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, water 90
Part.
Wherein, vitamin liquid is by inositol 35g, vitamin B12g, vitamin B62g, folic acid 3g, biotin 0.1g are molten
It is made in 1000mL distilled water.For hydrolyzed cereal liquid by buckwheat flour, water and hydrochloric acid are 5:25:1 composition in mass ratio, at 65 DEG C,
Under 0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyze 90 minutes.
Viable bacteria density is 5 × 10 by a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent6The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL is added provided in this embodiment
In fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then it is 5 × 10 that viable bacteria density, which is added, into fermentation medium6CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, through 150r/min, 30 DEG C of cultures obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent afterwards for 24 hours.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, the mushroom mushroom bran of no mildew is air-dried, after crossing 1mm sieve, to smashed perfume (or spice)
Mushroom bran fermenting agent provided in this embodiment is added in mushroom chaff, the quality that mushroom bran fermenting agent is added is the present embodiment Lenlinus edodes
The 15% of chaff dry weight, adjusting pH is 6.6, and temperature is 41 DEG C, is fermented, fermentation time 48h.
Comparative example 1
A kind of fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
6 parts of glucose, 3 parts of peptone, 0.4 part of NaCl, MgSO40.05 part, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O, NaNO3
0.5 part, 30% 10 parts of inositol solution, 80 parts of water.
Viable bacteria density is 1 × 10 by a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent6The offer of this comparative example is added in the white-rot fungi of CFU/mL
In fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then it is 1 × 10 that viable bacteria density, which is added, into fermentation medium6CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, through 150r/min, 30 DEG C of cultures obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent afterwards for 24 hours.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, the mushroom mushroom bran of no mildew is air-dried, after crossing 1mm sieve, to smashed perfume (or spice)
The mushroom bran fermenting agent of this comparative example offer is added in mushroom chaff, the quality that mushroom bran fermenting agent is added is this comparative example Lenlinus edodes
The 20% of chaff dry weight, adjusting pH is 6.5, and temperature is 37 DEG C, is fermented, fermentation time 96h.
Thalli growth situation and enzymatic activity
In the fermentation medium provided respectively to 100mL embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1, by corresponding
White-rot fungi and aspergillus niger is added in condition, and carries out shake culture.Shaken cultivation finds that white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger exist after 7 days
There is notable difference in growing state in different culture medium: in the fermentation medium that embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 provide
The biomass of the white-rot fungi of growth and aspergillus niger is significantly greater than in the fermentation medium that comparative example 1 provides white-rot fungi and black
The biomass of aspergillus.Illustrate that nutriment sufficient in fermentation medium that embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 provide can be with
The sprouting of effective stimulation spore and the growth of thallus.Wherein, white-rot fungi and black in the fermentation medium provided with embodiment 1
The biomass of aspergillus is maximum.
Lignin-degrading enzymes activity definition is that the enzyme amount of 1 minute 1 μ L veratryl alcohol of internal oxidition is 1 unit of enzyme activity.It utilizes
Ultraviolet specrophotometer measurement is in the change rate that wavelength is 2.5 minutes internal absorbance values at 310nm.
Cellulase activity is measured using 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid system, and it is per minute that enzymatic activity is defined as 1mg cellulase
Catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis generates glucose μ g number and is set to a unit of activity.It is measured using ultraviolet specrophotometer in wavelength and is
The change rate of 1 minute internal absorbance value at 550nm.
There is enzymatic activity most when it can be found that cultivating 36h in the fermentation medium that embodiment 1 provides by experimental result
Big value, the enzymatic activity of lignin-degrading enzymes are 297U/L, and the enzymatic activity of cellulase is 335U/L, compared to embodiment 2 and in fact
The fermentation medium of the offer of example 3 is applied, enzymatic activity increases, and compared to the fermentation medium that comparative example 1 provides, enzymatic activity is aobvious
It writes and improves.
The measurement of mushroom mushroom bran each component content
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that Application Example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 provide, it is right by corresponding conditions
Mushroom mushroom bran is fermented, and referring to determination of feeds quality technology, in the mushroom mushroom bran after fermentation, neutral detergent fiber
(NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose, coarse ash, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, acidity are washed
The content for washing lignin is measured, while setting the mushroom mushroom bran without any processing as blank group, if not utilizing mushroom bran to ferment
The mushroom mushroom bran that microbial inoculum ferments is control group.Measurement result is shown in Table 1.
As seen from Table 1, the chemical composition of the mushroom mushroom bran handled by microbial fermentation can be obvious
Improve.In every ingredient, relative to blank group and control group, the mushroom bran that embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 provide is fermented
Microbial inoculum can be substantially reduced the content of acidic cleaning lignin in mushroom mushroom bran, and can be substantially reduced the fibre of mushroom mushroom bran
Tie up element, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and hemicellulose content, and significantly improve water soluble carbohydrates and slightly
The content of albumen.It follows that the mushroom bran fermenting agent that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides, utilizes fermented and cultured provided by the invention
The optimum organization of base culture white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger collocation, can effectively degrade mushroom mushroom bran, keep cellulose and lignin long
Chain is easy to be broken, and is conducive to microbial degradation, accelerates degradation process, shortens degradation time.
The measurement of 1 mushroom mushroom bran each component content of table
The measurement of the content of various amino acid in mushroom mushroom bran
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that Application Example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 provide, it is right by corresponding conditions
Mushroom mushroom bran is fermented, and referring to determination of feeds quality technology in the mushroom mushroom bran after fermentation, 6 kinds of essential amino acids and 9
The content of kind nonessential amino acid is measured, while setting the mushroom mushroom bran without any processing as blank group, if not utilizing bacterium
The mushroom mushroom bran that chaff fermenting agent ferments is control group.Measurement result is shown in Table 2.
The measurement of the content of various amino acid in 2 mushroom mushroom bran of table
Any fermentation process can improve the amino acid content of mushroom mushroom bran it can be seen from the experimental result of table 2,
In, the mushroom bran fermenting agent that Application Example 1 provides ferments to mushroom mushroom bran, and total amino acid content improves most significant, application
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 provide ferments to mushroom mushroom bran, and amino acid content equally increases,
And it improves degree and is above the amino acid content that the mushroom bran fermenting agent of the offer of comparative example 1 ferments to mushroom mushroom bran.Therefore
It is inferred that the mushroom bran fermenting agent that embodiment 1 provides has the ability that nonprotein nitrogen is converted to amino nitrogen.
Administering transgenic
The mushroom bran of the method for the present invention fermentation is applied to replace daily ration to the feeding effect of ox in order to verify, inventor is in raiser
Cattle farm has carried out trimestral feeding experiment by a definite date.100 weight are approached, the beef cattle being in a good state of health is randomly divided into 5 groups,
Every group 20.Experimental group feed is the mushroom bran for the method fermentation that Application Example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 provide
50% chow diet, control group fed chow diet are substituted respectively.The growth performance of beef cattle is detected after three months, is detected
It the results are shown in Table 3.
The growth performance of 3 beef cattle of table
From the above experimental results, we know that ferment in the method that embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 provide
Mushroom bran substitutes 50% chow diet feeding beef cattle respectively, does not influence the daily gain of beef cattle, and can play reduction disease incidence, mentions
Rise the effect of meat taste.Thus calculate, for feeding Cross Beef Cattle, day scale of feeding 5kg/ head, 1 year 1500kg/ it is left
The right side can save feed cost 1500kg × 1 yuan/kg × 50%=750 member/head for 1 year if per diem 1 yuan/kg of grain price lattice is calculated.If
It can make feed using 1,300,000 tons of mushroom brans every year, be equivalent to produce 700,000 tons of corn more.Therefore, it is provided using the present invention
Mushroom bran fermenting agent ferment to mushroom bran, it is easy to operate, it is easy to implement, it is economical and practical, improve the utilization rate of mushroom bran, will
Mushroom bran recycling and reusing has good social benefit as grain-saving feed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of fermentation medium, which is characterized in that the fermentation medium is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight: 6 parts of dextrin,
0.5 part of beancake powder, 3 parts of yeast powder, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H20.05 part of O, FeSO4·7H2O
0.05 part, NH40.3 part of Cl, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, 75 parts of water；
The vitamin liquid is by inositol 25-35g, vitamin B10.5-2g, vitamin B60.5-2g, folic acid 1-3g,
Biotin 0.01-0.1g, which is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water, to be made；
The hydrolyzed cereal liquid is made of cereal, water and hydrochloric acid, the cereal, and the mass ratio of water and hydrochloric acid is 5:25:1.
2. fermentation medium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, dimension life
Plain B11g, vitamin B61g, folic acid 2g, biotin 0.05g, which is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water, to be made.
3. fermentation medium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preparing for the hydrolyzed cereal liquid is as follows: by matter
Than the cereal for being 5:25:1, water and hydrochloric acid under 0.05-0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyze 60-90 minutes amount at 65 DEG C.
4. fermentation medium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cereal is buckwheat flour.
5. a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, which is characterized in that by viable bacteria density be 5 × 105- 5 × 106The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL adds
Enter in fermentation medium described in claim 1,150r/min, after 30 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then is added into the fermentation medium
Viable bacteria density is 5 × 105- 5 × 106The aspergillus niger of CFU/mL, through 150r/min, 30 DEG C of cultures obtain mushroom bran zymophyte afterwards for 24 hours
Agent.
6. mushroom bran fermenting agent according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the viable bacteria density of the white-rot fungi be 1 ×
106CFU/mL, the aspergillus niger viable bacteria density are 1 × 106CFU/mL。
7. a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, which is characterized in that after mushroom bran drying and crushing, right is added into smashed mushroom bran
It is required that mushroom bran fermenting agent described in 5, adjusting pH is 6.2-6.6, and temperature is 36-41 DEG C, is fermented, fermentation time is
24-48h.
8. fermentation process according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the mushroom bran is mushroom mushroom bran.
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