CN106635843A - Fermentation culture medium, fungus chaff fermentation bacterium agent and fermentation method - Google Patents
Fermentation culture medium, fungus chaff fermentation bacterium agent and fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106635843A CN106635843A CN201710068865.5A CN201710068865A CN106635843A CN 106635843 A CN106635843 A CN 106635843A CN 201710068865 A CN201710068865 A CN 201710068865A CN 106635843 A CN106635843 A CN 106635843A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
Abstract
The invention provides a fermentation culture medium, a fungus chaff fermentation bacterium agent and a fermentation method and relates to the technical field of application of microorganism resources. The fermentation culture medium provided by the invention can be used for effectively stimulating the germination of spores and the growth of thalli when being used for culturing white rot fungi and aspergillus niger; the enzyme activity of a ligninolytic enzyme produced by the white rot fungi is relatively high and the enzyme activity of cellulase produced by the aspergillus niger is relatively high. According to the fungus chaff fermentation bacterium agent provided by the invention, the fermentation culture medium provided by the invention is used for culturing optimized combination of the matched white rot fungi and aspergillus niger, and cellulose and lignin long chains are easy to crack, so that microorganisms are easy to degrade, a degradation process is accelerated and the degradation time is shortened. According to the fermentation method of fungus chaff, provided by the invention, the fungus chaff is fermented by utilizing the fermentation culture medium provided by the invention; the fermentation method is simple and convenient to operate, easy to implement and economical and practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of microbial resources application, more particularly, to a kind of fermentation medium, mushroom bran fermentation
Microbial inoculum and fermentation process.
Background technology
Mushroom bran, refers to culture medium discarded object produced after culturing edible fungus, mainly by crude fibre, crude protein and crude fat
Constitute.With developing rapidly for edible mushroom industry, the mushroom bran produced after Edible Fungi is also more and more.At present, China is
The first in the world Lentnus edodes big country, produces dry mushroom 1.68 × 10 per year7kg.Mushroom industry also brings while economic benefit is brought
The wasting of resources and problem of environmental pollution.After often harvesting the fresh mushroom of 100kg, the mushroom bran of 60kg can be produced, these mushroom bran nutriments
Abundant, easily putrid and deteriorated, because the understanding to mushroom bran is not enough, a large amount of mushroom brans fail rational exploitation and utilization and discarded wilderness, and this was both
The waste of substantial amounts of resource is caused, environment is polluted again.
Mushroom mushroom bran not only containing the trace element such as abundant amino acid, mushroom polysaccharide and Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, and one slightly
Biological metabolic product, such as micro-phenol thing, a small amount of alkaloid, flavones and its glucoside, but also containing creatine, polypeptide, saponin
Phytosterol and the chemotrophy material such as terpene saponin is put, there is soft, fragrant odour and safety non-toxic, can be used as feeding
The new way in material source.But because itself lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose etc. are difficult to by the carbon aquation of the direct digestibility and utilization of domestic animal
Compound too high levels, limit its further recycling.
Lignin is by ehter bond and complicated, the almost spherical of carbon-to-carbon key joint by phenylpropyl alcohol alkyl structure unit
Amorphous aromatic high polymer, dissolubility is poor, and is difficult to be acid hydrolysis.Due to the complicated of bonding with various bio-stables
It is difficult to be degraded by microorganisms, and then hinders the degraded of cellulose and utilize, lignin is the pass for affecting mushroom bran crude fiber digestibility
Key restriction factor.There are a large amount of cellulose-decomposing bacteriums in ruminant tumor gastric, including bacterium, fungi, infusorian etc., but lack point
The microorganism of solution lignin and its enzyme.Therefore, cellulose degradation efficiency is improved, it is necessary to which the degraded for solving lignin first is asked
Topic.
For this difficult problem, use both at home and abroad at different processing methods, including Physical, chemical method and microorganism
Reason, these methods can soften to a certain extent feed, destroy cell wall structure, reduce cellulose and hemicellulose level.
Microbiological treatment is to be universally accepted and a kind of widely used method, because microbiological treatment can reduce crude fiber content,
Meet environmental requirement again, but there is a common issue, be exactly that degradation rate is low, fermentation time is long, and the degraded of lignin is quite micro-
It is little.
Therefore, develop one kind and utilize microbiological treatment, can effective lignin degrading, fermentation time is short and degradation rate is high
Fermentation medium, mushroom bran fermenting agent and fermentation process are particularly important.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of fermentation medium, to alleviate prior art in cultivate white-rot fungi
And the technical problem that the enzymatic activity that produces during aspergillus niger is relatively low；
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, ferment present in prior art with being alleviated
Time is long, the low technical problem of the degradation rate of lignin；
Third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, to alleviate bacterium present in prior art
The low technical problem of chaff utilization rate.
A kind of fermentation medium that the present invention is provided, the fermentation medium is made up of the component of following weight portion：Dextrin
3-8 parts, beancake powder 0.1-1 parts, dusty yeast 1-5 parts, Na2PO40.1-0.7 parts, KCl 0.1-0.4 parts, MgSO4·
7H2O 0.01-0.1 parts, FeSO4·7H2O 0.01-0.1 parts, NH4Cl 0.1-0.5 parts, CaCO30.2-0.8 parts, dimension life
Plain nutrient solution 5-10 parts, hydrolyzed cereal liquid 1-10 parts, water 60-90 parts.
Further, the fermentation medium is made up of the component of following weight portion：6 parts of dextrin, 0.5 part of beancake powder, ferment
3 parts of female powder, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H20.05 part of O, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O, NH4Cl 0.3
Part, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, 75 parts of water.
Further, the vitamin liquid is by inositol 25-35g, Cobastab10.5-2g, Cobastab60.5-
2g, folic acid 1-3g, biotin 0.01-0.1g are dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and making；
Preferably, the vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, Cobastab11g, Cobastab61g, folic acid 2g, biotin
0.05g is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and making.
Further, the hydrolyzed cereal liquid is made up of cereal, water and hydrochloric acid, the cereal, the mass ratio of water and hydrochloric acid
For 5：25：1.
Further, the hydrolyzed cereal liquid prepare it is as follows：It is 5 by mass ratio：25：1 cereal, water and hydrochloric acid,
65 DEG C, under 0.05-0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyze 60-90 minutes.
Further, the cereal is buckwheat flour.
Present invention also offers a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, is 5 × 10 by viable bacteria density5- 5 × 106The white rot of CFU/mL
Fungi is added in above-mentioned fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of culture 24h, then work is added in the fermentation medium
Strain density is 5 × 105- 5 × 106The aspergillus niger of CFU/mL, Jing 150r/min obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent after 30 DEG C of culture 24h.
Further, the viable bacteria density of the white-rot fungi is 1 × 106CFU/mL, the aspergillus niger viable bacteria density be 1 ×
106CFU/mL。
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, by mushroom bran drying and crushing after, to the mushroom bran after crushing
Middle to add above-mentioned mushroom bran fermenting agent, it is 6.2-6.6 to adjust pH, and temperature is 36-41 DEG C, is fermented, during fermentation
Between be 24-48h.
Further, the mushroom bran is mushroom mushroom bran.
The fermentation medium that the present invention is provided, when white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger is cultivated, is capable of sprouting for effective stimulus spore
The growth with thalline is sent out, and ensures that the lignin-degrading enzymes enzymatic activity that white-rot fungi is produced is higher, the cellulose that aspergillus niger is produced
Enzyme enzymatic activity is higher.The mushroom bran fermenting agent that the present invention is provided, the fermentation medium culture white-rot fungi provided using the present invention
With the optimum organization of aspergillus niger collocation, can effectively degrade mushroom mushroom bran, make cellulose and lignin long-chain be easy to fracture, favorably
In microbial degradation, degradation process is accelerated, shorten degradation time.The fermentation process of the mushroom bran that the present invention is provided, using this
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that invention is provided ferments to mushroom bran, easy to operate, it is easy to implement, economical and practical.
Specific embodiment
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the present invention, with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.Ability
Field technique personnel should be appreciated that following specifically described content is illustrative and be not restrictive, and should not limit this with this
The protection domain of invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer is carried out.Institute
With the unreceipted production firm person of reagent, instrument or instrument, being can pass through the conventional products that commercially available purchase is obtained.
The invention provides a kind of fermentation medium, fermentation medium is made up of the component of following weight portion：Dextrin 3-8
Part, beancake powder 0.1-1 parts, dusty yeast 1-5 parts, Na2PO40.1-0.7 parts, KCl 0.1-0.4 parts, MgSO4·7H2O
0.01-0.1 parts, FeSO4·7H2O 0.01-0.1 parts, NH4Cl 0.1-0.5 parts, CaCO30.2-0.8 parts, vitamin battalion
Nutrient solution 5-10 part, hydrolyzed cereal liquid 1-10 parts, water 60-90 parts.
Wherein dextrin for example can be, but be not limited to 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts or 8 parts；Beancake powder for example can be,
But it is not limited to 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part, 0.6 part, 0.7 part, 0.8 part, 0.9 part and 1.0 parts；Dusty yeast example
Such as can be, but be not limited to 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts and 5 parts；Na2PO4For example can be, but be not limited to 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3
Part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part, 0.6 part and 0.7 part；KCl for example can be, but be not limited to 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part and 0.4 part；
MgSO4·7H2O for example can be, but be not limited to 0.01 part, 0.02 part, 0.03 part, 0.04 part, 0.05 part, 0.06 part, 0.07
Part, 0.08 part, 0.09 part and 0.1 part；FeSO4·7H2O for example can be, but be not limited to 0.01 part, 0.02 part, 0.03 part,
0.04 part, 0.05 part, 0.06 part, 0.07 part, 0.08 part, 0.09 part and 0.1 part；NH4Cl for example can be, but be not limited to 0.1
Part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part and 0.5 part；CaCO3For example can be, but be not limited to 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part,
0.6 part, 0.7 part and 0.8 part, vitamin liquid for example can be, but be not limited to 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts and 10 parts；
Hydrolyzed cereal liquid for example can be, but be not limited to 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts and 10 parts.
In one preferred embodiment, fermentation medium is made up of the component of following weight portion：6 parts of dextrin, soya-bean cake
0.5 part of powder, 3 parts of dusty yeast, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H20.05 part of O, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O,
NH40.3 part of Cl, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, 75 parts of water.
Wherein, dextrin is used as the carbon source in fermentation medium, beancake powder and dusty yeast as fermentation medium in it is organic
Nitrogen source, NH4Cl as fermentation medium in inorganic nitrogen-sourced, Na2PO4、KCl、MgSO4·7H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and CaCO3With
Microelement kind inorganic nutrients thing required for supplement thalli growth, vitamin liquid is required for supplement thalli growth
Vitamin, hydrolyzed cereal liquid is rich in cellulose, can promote growth and the producing enzyme of white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger.
Additionally, antibiotic, such as amphotericin B can be also added in the fermentation medium of the present invention, to suppress purpose bacterium white
Other bacterial growths outside rotten fungi and aspergillus niger.
In the present invention, vitamin liquid is by inositol 25-35g, Cobastab10.5-2g, Cobastab60.5-
2g, folic acid 1-3g, biotin 0.01-0.1g are dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and making.
In one preferred embodiment, vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, Cobastab11g, Cobastab61g,
Folic acid 2g, biotin 0.05g are dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and making.
In the present invention, hydrolyzed cereal liquid is made up of cereal, water and hydrochloric acid, the cereal, and the mass ratio of water and hydrochloric acid is
5：25：1.
In the present invention, hydrolyzed cereal liquid prepare it is as follows：It is 5 by mass ratio：25：1 cereal, water and hydrochloric acid, 65
DEG C, under 0.05-0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyze 60-90 minutes.
In one preferred embodiment, hydrolyzed cereal liquid prepare it is as follows：It is 5 by mass ratio：25：1 cereal, water
And hydrochloric acid, at 65 DEG C, under 0.06MPa pressure, hydrolyze 75 minutes.
Wherein, cereal can be the one kind or two in wheat berry, barley, corn, mustard wheat face, seed of Job's tears face, sorghum rice, black rice
More than kind.
In one preferred embodiment, cereal is buckwheat flour.
Present invention also offers a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, is 5 × 10 by viable bacteria density5- 5 × 106The white rot of CFU/mL
Fungi is added in above-mentioned fermentation medium, 150r/min, after 30 DEG C of culture 24h, then work is added in the fermentation medium
Strain density is 5 × 105- 5 × 106The aspergillus niger of CFU/mL, Jing 150r/min obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent after 30 DEG C of culture 24h.
In one preferred embodiment, the viable bacteria density for adding white-rot fungi is 1 × 106CFU/mL, aspergillus niger is lived
Strain density is 1 × 106CFU/mL。
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, by mushroom bran drying and crushing after, to the mushroom bran after crushing
Middle to add above-mentioned mushroom bran fermenting agent, it is 6.2-6.6 to adjust pH, and temperature is 36-41 DEG C, is fermented, during fermentation
Between be 24-48h.
In one preferred embodiment, it is 6.4 to adjust pH, and temperature is 37 DEG C, is fermented, and fermentation time is 36h.
In the present invention, the method for mushroom bran drying and crushing is：To air-dry without the mushroom bran gone mouldy, cross 1mm sieves.
In the present invention, the quality for adding mushroom bran fermenting agent is the 15% of mushroom bran dry weight.
In the present invention, mushroom bran is mushroom mushroom bran.
Under these conditions, the fermentation medium that the present invention is provided, when white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger is cultivated, can be effective
Stimulate the sprouting of spore and the growth of thalline, and ensure that the lignin-degrading enzymes enzymatic activity that white-rot fungi is produced is higher, aspergillus niger
The cellulose enzyme activity of generation is higher.The mushroom bran fermenting agent that the present invention is provided, the fermentation medium provided using the present invention
Culture white-rot fungi and the optimum organization of aspergillus niger collocation, can effectively degrade mushroom mushroom bran, make cellulose and lignin long-chain
It is easy to fracture, is conducive to microbial degradation, accelerate degradation process, shortens degradation time.The present invention provide mushroom bran send out
Fermenting process, the mushroom bran fermenting agent provided using the present invention is fermented to mushroom bran, easy to operate, it is easy to implement, economical and practical.
With reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.In the embodiment of the present invention, white-rot fungi is given
In Shandong University, aspergillus niger derives from common Planting household purchased from Chinese DSMZ, mushroom mushroom bran.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fermentation medium, is made up of the component of following weight portion：
6 parts of dextrin, 0.5 part of beancake powder, 3 parts of dusty yeast, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05
Part, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O, NH40.3 part of Cl, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, water
75 parts.
Wherein, vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, Cobastab11g, Cobastab61g, folic acid 2g, biotin 0.05g
It is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and makes.By buckwheat flour, water and hydrochloric acid are 5 to hydrolyzed cereal liquid in mass ratio：25：1 composition, 65
DEG C, under 0.06MPa pressure, hydrolyze 75 minutes.
A kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, is 1 × 10 by viable bacteria density6The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL adds what the present embodiment was provided
In fermentation medium, 150r/min after 30 DEG C of culture 24h, then adds viable bacteria density to be 1 × 10 in fermentation medium6CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, Jing 150r/min obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent after 30 DEG C of culture 24h.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, will air-dry without the mushroom mushroom bran gone mouldy, after crossing 1mm sieves, to the perfume (or spice) after crushing
The mushroom bran fermenting agent for adding the present embodiment to provide in mushroom chaff, the quality for adding mushroom bran fermenting agent is the present embodiment Lenlinus edodes
The 15% of chaff dry weight, it is 6.4 to adjust pH, and temperature is 37 DEG C, is fermented, and fermentation time is 36h.
Embodiment 2
A kind of fermentation medium, is made up of the component of following weight portion：
3 parts of dextrin, 0.1 part of beancake powder, 1 part of dusty yeast, Na2PO40.1 part, 0.1 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H2O 0.01
Part, FeSO4·7H20.01 part of O, NH40.1 part of Cl, CaCO30.2 part, 5 parts of vitamin liquid, 1 part of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, water
60 parts.
Wherein, vitamin liquid is by inositol 25g, Cobastab10.5g, Cobastab60.5g, folic acid 1g, biotin
0.01g is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and making.By buckwheat flour, water and hydrochloric acid are 5 to hydrolyzed cereal liquid in mass ratio：25：1 composition,
At 65 DEG C, under 0.05MPa pressure, hydrolyze 60 minutes.
A kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, is 5 × 10 by viable bacteria density5The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL adds what the present embodiment was provided
In fermentation medium, 150r/min after 30 DEG C of culture 24h, then adds viable bacteria density to be 5 × 10 in fermentation medium5CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, Jing 150r/min obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent after 30 DEG C of culture 24h.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, will air-dry without the mushroom mushroom bran gone mouldy, after crossing 1mm sieves, to the perfume (or spice) after crushing
The mushroom bran fermenting agent for adding the present embodiment to provide in mushroom chaff, the quality for adding mushroom bran fermenting agent is the present embodiment Lenlinus edodes
The 15% of chaff dry weight, it is 6.2 to adjust pH, and temperature is 36 DEG C, is fermented, and fermentation time is 24h.
Embodiment 3
A kind of fermentation medium, is made up of the component of following weight portion：
8 parts of dextrin, 1 part of beancake powder, 5 parts of dusty yeast, Na2PO40.7 part, 0.4 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H20.1 part of O,
FeSO4·7H20.1 part of O, NH40.5 part of Cl, CaCO30.8 part, 10 parts of vitamin liquid, 10 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, water 90
Part.
Wherein, vitamin liquid is by inositol 35g, Cobastab12g, Cobastab62g, folic acid 3g, biotin 0.1g is molten
Make in 1000mL distilled water.By buckwheat flour, water and hydrochloric acid are 5 to hydrolyzed cereal liquid in mass ratio：25：1 composition, at 65 DEG C,
Under 0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyze 90 minutes.
A kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, is 5 × 10 by viable bacteria density6The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL adds what the present embodiment was provided
In fermentation medium, 150r/min after 30 DEG C of culture 24h, then adds viable bacteria density to be 5 × 10 in fermentation medium6CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, Jing 150r/min obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent after 30 DEG C of culture 24h.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, will air-dry without the mushroom mushroom bran gone mouldy, after crossing 1mm sieves, to the perfume (or spice) after crushing
The mushroom bran fermenting agent for adding the present embodiment to provide in mushroom chaff, the quality for adding mushroom bran fermenting agent is the present embodiment Lenlinus edodes
The 15% of chaff dry weight, it is 6.6 to adjust pH, and temperature is 41 DEG C, is fermented, and fermentation time is 48h.
Comparative example 1
A kind of fermentation medium, is made up of the component of following weight portion：
6 parts of glucose, 3 parts of peptone, 0.4 part of NaCl, MgSO40.05 part, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O, NaNO3
0.5 part, 30% 10 parts of inositol solution, 80 parts of water.
A kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, is 1 × 10 by viable bacteria density6The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL adds what this comparative example was provided
In fermentation medium, 150r/min after 30 DEG C of culture 24h, then adds viable bacteria density to be 1 × 10 in fermentation medium6CFU/
The aspergillus niger of mL, Jing 150r/min obtain mushroom bran fermenting agent after 30 DEG C of culture 24h.
A kind of fermentation process of mushroom mushroom bran, will air-dry without the mushroom mushroom bran gone mouldy, after crossing 1mm sieves, to the perfume (or spice) after crushing
The mushroom bran fermenting agent for adding this comparative example to provide in mushroom chaff, the quality for adding mushroom bran fermenting agent is this comparative example Lenlinus edodes
The 20% of chaff dry weight, it is 6.5 to adjust pH, and temperature is 37 DEG C, is fermented, and fermentation time is 96h.
Thalli growth situation and enzymatic activity
In the fermentation medium for providing to 100mL embodiments 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 respectively, by corresponding
Condition adds white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger, and carries out concussion and cultivate.Shaken cultivation finds that white-rot fungi and aspergillus niger exist after 7 days
There is notable difference in growing state in different culture media：In the fermentation medium that embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 are provided
The white-rot fungi of growth and the biomass of aspergillus niger are significantly greater than white-rot fungi and black in the fermentation medium that comparative example 1 is provided
The biomass of aspergillus.Illustrate that nutriment sufficient in the fermentation medium that embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 are provided can be with
Effectively stimulate the sprouting of spore and the growth of thalline.Wherein, white-rot fungi and black in the fermentation medium for being provided with embodiment 1
The biomass of aspergillus is maximum.
It is 1 unit of enzyme activity that lignin-degrading enzymes activity definition is the enzyme amount of 1 minute μ L veratryl alcohol of internal oxidition 1.Utilize
Ultraviolet specrophotometer is determined in the rate of change that wavelength is 2.5 minutes internal absorbance values at 310nm.
Cellulase activity adopts 3,5- dinitrosalicylics acid system to determine, and it is per minute that enzymatic activity is defined as 1mg cellulases
Catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis generate glucose μ g numbers and are set to a unit of activity.Determined using ultraviolet specrophotometer and be in wavelength
The rate of change of 1 minute internal absorbance value at 550nm.
By experimental result it is found that occurring in that enzymatic activity most when 36h is cultivated in the fermentation medium that embodiment 1 is provided
Big value, the enzymatic activity of lignin-degrading enzymes is 297U/L, and the enzymatic activity of cellulase is 335U/L, compared to embodiment 2 and in fact
The fermentation medium of the offer of example 3 is applied, enzymatic activity increases, compared to the fermentation medium that comparative example 1 is provided, enzymatic activity shows
Write and improve.
The measure of mushroom mushroom bran each component content
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that Application Example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 are provided, it is right by corresponding conditionses
Mushroom mushroom bran is fermented, and with reference to determination of feeds quality technology, in the mushroom mushroom bran after fermentation, neutral detergent fiber
(NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose, coarse ash, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, acidity is washed
The content for washing lignin is measured, while set without the mushroom mushroom bran of any process as blank group, if not utilizing mushroom bran to ferment
The mushroom mushroom bran that microbial inoculum is fermented is control group.Measurement result is shown in Table 1.
As seen from Table 1, can be obvious by the chemical composition of the mushroom mushroom bran of fermentable process
Improve.In every composition, relative to blank group and control group, the mushroom bran fermentation that embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 are provided
Microbial inoculum can substantially reduce the content of acidic cleaning lignin in mushroom mushroom bran, and can substantially reduce the fibre of mushroom mushroom bran
Dimension element, neutral detergent fiber, the content of acid detergent fiber and hemicellulose, and significantly improve water soluble carbohydrates and slightly
The content of albumen.It follows that the mushroom bran fermenting agent that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is provided, the fermented and cultured provided using the present invention
Base culture white-rot fungi and the optimum organization of aspergillus niger collocation, can effectively degrade mushroom mushroom bran, make cellulose and lignin long
Chain is easy to fracture, is conducive to microbial degradation, accelerates degradation process, shortens degradation time.
The measure of the mushroom mushroom bran each component content of table 1
The measure of the content of various amino acid in mushroom mushroom bran
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that Application Example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 are provided, it is right by corresponding conditionses
Mushroom mushroom bran is fermented, and with reference to determination of feeds quality technology in the mushroom mushroom bran after fermentation, 6 kinds of essential amino acids and 9
The content for planting nonessential amino acid is measured, while set without the mushroom mushroom bran of any process as blank group, if not utilizing bacterium
The mushroom mushroom bran that chaff fermenting agent is fermented is control group.Measurement result is shown in Table 2.
The measure of the content of various amino acid in the mushroom mushroom bran of table 2
Can be seen that any fermentation process by the experimental result of table 2 can improve the amino acid content of mushroom mushroom bran, its
In, the mushroom bran fermenting agent that Application Example 1 is provided ferments to mushroom mushroom bran, and total amino acid content is improved most significantly, application
The mushroom bran fermenting agent that embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 are provided ferments to mushroom mushroom bran, and amino acid content equally increases,
And raising degree is above the amino acid content that the mushroom bran fermenting agent of the offer of comparative example 1 is fermented to mushroom mushroom bran.Therefore
It is inferred that the mushroom bran fermenting agent that embodiment 1 is provided has the ability that nonprotein nitrogen is changed into amino nitrogen.
Administering transgenic
In order to verify that the mushroom bran fermented using the inventive method replaces feeding effect of the daily ration to ox, inventor is in raiser
Cattle farm has carried out trimestral feeding experiment by a definite date.100 body weight are close to, the beef cattle being in a good state of health is randomly divided into 5 groups,
20 per group.Experimental group feed is the mushroom bran of the method fermentation that Application Example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1 are provided
50% chow diet, control group fed chow diet are substituted respectively.The growth performance of beef cattle is detected after three months, is detected
The results are shown in Table 3.
The growth performance of the beef cattle of table 3
From above experimental result, the method fermentation provided with embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example 1
Mushroom bran substitutes respectively 50% chow diet feeding beef cattle, does not affect the daily gain of beef cattle, and can play the reduction incidence of disease, carries
Rise the effect of meat taste.Thus calculate, to feed Cross Beef Cattle as a example by, day scale of feeding 5kg/ head, 1 year 1500kg/ head is left
The right side, if per diem 1 yuan/kg of grain price lattice is calculated, can save feed cost 1500kg × 1 yuan/kg × 50%=750 units/head for 1 year.If
Every year feed can be made using 1,300,000 tons of mushroom brans, be equivalent to the corns for producing 700,000 tons more.Therefore, using present invention offer
Mushroom bran fermenting agent mushroom bran is fermented, it is easy to operate, it is easy to implement, it is economical and practical, improve the utilization rate of mushroom bran, will
Mushroom bran recycling, has good social benefit as grain-saving feed.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above only to illustrate technical scheme, rather than a limitation；To the greatest extent
Pipe has been described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments to the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
So the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent；And these modifications or replacement, do not make the essence disengaging various embodiments of the present invention technology of appropriate technical solution
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fermentation medium, it is characterised in that the fermentation medium is made up of the component of following weight portion：Dextrin 3-8
Part, beancake powder 0.1-1 parts, dusty yeast 1-5 parts, Na2PO40.1-0.7 parts, KCl 0.1-0.4 parts, MgSO4·7H2O 0.01-
0.1 part, FeSO4·7H2O 0.01-0.1 parts, NH4Cl 0.1-0.5 parts, CaCO30.2-0.8 parts, vitamin liquid 5-10
Part, hydrolyzed cereal liquid 1-10 parts, water 60-90 parts.
2. fermentation medium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fermentation medium by following weight portion group
It is grouped into：6 parts of dextrin, 0.5 part of beancake powder, 3 parts of dusty yeast, Na2PO40.4 part, 0.2 part of KCl, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05
Part, FeSO4·7H20.05 part of O, NH40.3 part of Cl, CaCO30.5 part, 8 parts of vitamin liquid, 6 parts of hydrolyzed cereal liquid, water
75 parts.
3. fermentation medium according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the vitamin liquid by inositol 25-35g,
Cobastab10.5-2g, Cobastab60.5-2g, folic acid 1-3g, biotin 0.01-0.1g are dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and making
Into；Preferably, the vitamin liquid is by inositol 30g, Cobastab11g, Cobastab61g, folic acid 2g, biotin 0.05g
It is dissolved in 1000mL distilled water and makes.
4. fermentation medium according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the hydrolyzed cereal liquid is by cereal, water and hydrochloric acid
The mass ratio of composition, the cereal, water and hydrochloric acid is 5：25：1.
5. fermentation medium according to claim 4, it is characterised in that preparing for the hydrolyzed cereal liquid is as follows：By matter
Amount is than being 5：25：1 cereal, water and hydrochloric acid, at 65 DEG C, under 0.05-0.08MPa pressure, hydrolyze 60-90 minutes.
6. fermentation medium according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the cereal is buckwheat flour.
7. a kind of mushroom bran fermenting agent, it is characterised in that by viable bacteria density be 5 × 105-5×106The white-rot fungi of CFU/mL adds
In entering the fermentation medium described in claim 1,150r/min after 30 DEG C of culture 24h, then is added in the fermentation medium
Viable bacteria density is 5 × 105-5×106The aspergillus niger of CFU/mL, Jing 150r/min obtain mushroom bran zymophyte after 30 DEG C of culture 24h
Agent.
8. mushroom bran fermenting agent according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the viable bacteria density of the white-rot fungi is 1 ×
106CFU/mL, the aspergillus niger viable bacteria density is 1 × 106CFU/mL。
9. a kind of fermentation process of mushroom bran, it is characterised in that after by mushroom bran drying and crushing, in the mushroom bran after crushing right is added
The mushroom bran fermenting agent described in 7 is required, regulation pH is 6.2-6.6, and temperature is 36-41 DEG C, is fermented, and fermentation time is 24-
48h。
10. fermentation process according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the mushroom bran is mushroom mushroom bran.
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