CN106632430B - 新型开放骨架镉硫属化物、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
新型开放骨架镉硫属化物、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化物材料,所述开放骨架镉硫属化物的分子式为[Cd17S4(SPh)24](Im)2,其中Im为咪唑;其骨架结构由超四面体[Cd17S4(SPh)24]2+原子簇通过咪唑阴离子Im‑桥连形成双重穿插的金刚石拓扑结构。经试验发现:本发明开放骨架镉硫属化物能在室温条件下具有稳定的光催化性能,可作为光催化材料用于制取氢气。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机微孔材料技术领域,具体涉及一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化合物材料、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
晶态硫属化物是一类重要的无机固体材料,结构复杂多样,具有丰富的物理化学性质,在现代工业中如半导体,快离子导电,重金属离子废水处理,以及光催化等领域中有着重要的应用前景[P.Feng,X.Bu,N.Zheng,Acc.Chem.Res.,2005,38,293-303;N.Ding,M.G.Kanatzidis,Nat.Chem.2010,2,187-191;Q.Lin,X.Bu,C.Mao,X.Zhao,K.Sasan,P.Feng,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2015,137,6184-6187;F.Wang,J.Lin,T.Zhao,D.Hu,T.Wu,Y.Liu,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2016,138,7718–7724.]。其中镉离子具有全满的d10电子构型,镉硫属化物能形成结构丰富的原子簇化合物,它们具有突出的光电性质,是重要的量子点和反量子点材料,在光电传感器、光电催化和太阳能转换方面中有着重要而且广泛的价值[I.G.Dance,A.Choy,M.L.Scudder,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1984,106,6285-6295;K.Wu,Z.Chen,H.Lv,H.Zhu,C.L Hill,T.Lian,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2014,136,7708–7716;F.Jiang,G.T.Harada,Y.Kuang,T.Minegishi,K.Domen,S.Ikeda J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2015,137,13691–13697;F.Qiu,Z.Han,J.J.Peterson,M.Y.Odoi,K.L.Sowers,T.D.Krauss,Nano Lett.,2016,16,5347–5352]。开放骨架镉硫属化物不仅兼备镉硫属化物原子簇的光电性质,而且还可以结合其独特的孔道结构,有效地抑制光生电子的复合,获得结构规整性能稳定的光电材料[H.Li,J.Kim,T.L.Groy,M.O’Keeffe,O.M.Yaghi,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2001,123,4867-4868;Q.Zhang,X.Bu,J.Zhang,T.Wu,P.Feng,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2007,129,8412–8413;N.Zheng,H.Lu,X.Bu,P.Feng,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2006,128,4528–4529;T.Wu,R.Khazhakyan,L.Wang,X.Bu,S.-T.Zheng,V.Chau,P.Feng,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2011,50,2536–2539]。因此将具有光电活性的镉硫属原子簇组装成开放骨架硫属化物不仅能够合成出新型结构的化合物,还可以获得性能稳定的光电材料。研究开放骨架镉硫属化合材料的合成和性质,将为新型光电材料的进一步研发提供新的途径,如:光电催化(optoelectronic catalysis)、光电开关(optoelectronic switch)、光致电致发光材料(PL,EL)、化学传感器(Chemsensor)、等[Zheng,N.F.;Bu,X.H.;Feng,P.Y.Nature,2003,426,428-431;N.Zheng,X.Bu,H.Vu,P.Feng,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2005,44,5299-5303J.F.Corrigan,O.Fuhr,D.Fenske,Adv.Mater.,2009,21,1867–1871]。同时研究镉硫属原子簇与配体咪唑的组装化学,将为新型开放骨架硫属化物材料的研究注入新的活力。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化合物材料、其制备方法及应用,所述化合物是基于超四面体镉硫属原子簇和咪唑连接的双金刚石拓扑结构,可作为光催化材料用于氢气的制取。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化物,其分子式为[Cd17S4(SPh)24](Im)2,其中Im为咪唑;其骨架结构由超四面体[Cd17S4(SPh)24]2+原子簇通过咪唑阴离子Im-桥连形成双重穿插的金刚石拓扑结构。进一步地,所述新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的晶体属四方晶系,空间群为I-42d,晶胞参数为:c=41.5268(2),α=90.0°。
上述新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:将Cd(SPh)2、硫脲、咪唑、丙酮水溶液和三乙胺混合均匀,然后于100-120℃恒温反应100-150小时,反应结束后产物经洗涤、干燥即得。
具体的,所述Cd(SPh)2、硫脲和咪唑的摩尔比为4-6:1:6-10,其中优选5:1:8。
具体的,丙酮水溶液和三乙胺用作溶剂,每0.01mmol硫脲添加0.8-1.5mL丙酮水溶液、0.3-0.5mL三乙胺;所述丙酮水溶液是由丙酮和水按体积比3:1混合而成。
上述的新型开放骨架镉硫属化物作为光催化材料在光催化制取氢气方面的应用。
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明采用低温溶剂热法合成,反应温度仅为100-120℃。该方法有别于文献报道中常用的高温水热等方法,克服了温度高、危险性大、产率低、可重复性差等缺点。本发明制备方法工艺简单,条件温和,收率较高、可重复性好,而且骨架镉硫属化物具有光催化性质,在室温无辅助催化剂的存在下,能够稳定有效的光催化制取氢气,可作为光催化剂材料使用,为材料科学领域的发展注入新的活力。
附图说明
图1为所述骨架镉硫属化物的结构单元图(为了清晰展示结构,避免覆盖,部分氢原子和硫酚配体的C原子被省略);
图2为所述骨架镉硫属化物的的拓扑结构;
图3为所述骨架镉硫属化物的XRD图;
图4为所述骨架镉硫属化物紫外可见光光谱图;
图5为所述骨架镉硫属化物光催化制取氢气的曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的技术目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作出进一步的说明,但所述实施例旨在解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制,实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行,所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,具体为:
首先向硬质玻璃管中加入0.05mmol Cd(SPh)2(按照文献Inorg.Chem.1987,26,4057-4064.中的方法进行合成)、0.01mmol硫脲(济南恒化科技有限公司)、0.08mmol咪唑(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)、0.5mL三乙胺(天津市富宇精细化工有限公司)和1.0mL丙酮水溶液(丙酮和水的体积比为3:1,丙酮购自天津市富宇精细化工有限公司),玻璃管的填充率为10%。超声分散均匀,然后在酒精灯上封管(即把玻璃管封住,用以使反应在密闭状态下进行)。放入反应釜中,再于120℃的干燥箱(无需真空)中恒温放置150小时,待自然冷却至室温,观察到玻璃管内有无色多面体状晶体,用乙醇洗涤、干燥即得。
所得开放骨架镉硫属化物的产率为72%,分子式为:[Cd17S4(SPh)24](Im)2。扫描电镜光电子能谱(EDS)结果显示:化合物中Cd:S为17:28;元素分析结果显示化合物中:C为36.5%,H为2.65%,N为1.40%,均与结构分析的结果相符合。
所得开放骨架镉硫属化物的结构测定:
在显微镜下选取合适大小的镉硫属化物单晶,室温下在Bruker APEX II CCD面探衍射仪上,用经石墨单色器单色化的Mo-Kα射线以ω方式收集衍射数据。所有衍射数据使用SADABS程序进行半经验吸收校正。晶胞参数用最小二乘法确定。数据还原和结构解析分别使用SAINT和SHELXTL程序完成。晶体结构用直接法解出,金属原子的位置通过直接法的E-map确定,而其它非氢原子则利用差值傅立叶函数法和最小二乘法确定,然后进行各向异性精修,最后用理论加氢法确定氢原子位置。详细的所得化合物的晶体测定数据见表1,XRD图如图3所示,实验样品XRD谱图的出峰位置与模拟谱图的出峰位置相互对应,说明化合物的晶体为纯相。结构图如图1,所得化合物的基本结构单元是端基取代的C1构型的超四面体[Cd17S4(SPh)24]2+原子簇。由中心部位CdS4再向外生成类似于闪锌矿结构Cd13S4核簇,然后四个顶点位置被Cd(SPh)4盖帽并且从侧面连接从而形成原子簇的整体结构。特殊的是超四面体的四个顶点位置被Im-取代,结构中超四面体[Cd17S4(SPh)24]2+通过Im-连接,如果将超四面体[Cd17S4(SPh)24]2+当做4-连接的节点,Im-配体看成线,那么该骨架结构可以简化成双重穿插的金刚石拓扑结构,如图2所示。
表1化合物[Cd17S4(SPh)24](Im)2的晶体学数据
由表1可知,所述开放骨架镉硫属化物的分子式为Cd17S28C150H126N4,它的晶体属四方晶系,空间群为I-42d,晶胞参数为:c=41.5268(2),a=90.0°。所述开放骨架镉硫属化物的骨架结构为双重穿插的金刚石拓扑。
所得开放骨架镉硫属化物的半导体性质测定:
干燥的开放骨架镉硫属化物样品经研磨处理后,进行紫外可见漫反射光谱测定,光谱经Kubelka–Munk函数转换为吸收光谱如图4所示,化合物在为宽带半导体,其半导体带隙为3.45eV。
实施例2
一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,具体为:
首先向硬质玻璃管中加入0.05mmol Cd(SPh)2(按照文献Inorg.Chem.1987,26,4057-4064.中的方法进行合成)、0.01mmol硫脲、0.08mmol咪唑、0.5mL三乙胺和1.0mL丙酮水溶液(丙酮和水的体积比为3:1),玻璃管的填充率为10%。超声分散均匀,然后在酒精灯上封管。放入反应釜中,再于120℃的干燥箱(无需真空)中恒温放置100小时,待自然冷却至室温,观察到玻璃管内有无色多面体状晶体,用乙醇洗涤、干燥即得,产率为60%。
实施例3
一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,具体为:
首先向硬质玻璃管中加入0.04mmol Cd(SPh)2(按照文献Inorg.Chem.1987,26,4057-4064.中的方法进行合成)、0.01mmol硫脲、0.06mmol咪唑、0.3mL三乙胺和1.5mL丙酮水溶液(丙酮和水的体积比为3:1),玻璃管的填充率为10%。超声分散均匀,然后在酒精灯上封管。放入反应釜中,再于100℃的干燥箱(无需真空)中恒温放置120小时,待自然冷却至室温,观察到玻璃管内有无色多面体状晶体,用乙醇洗涤、干燥即得,产率为62%。
实施例4
一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,具体为:
首先向硬质玻璃管中加入0.06mmol Cd(SPh)2(按照文献Inorg.Chem.1987,26,4057-4064.中的方法进行合成)、0.01mmol硫脲、0.1mmol咪唑、0.4mL三乙胺和0.8mL丙酮水溶液(丙酮和水的体积比为3:1),玻璃管的填充率为10%。超声分散均匀,然后在酒精灯上封管。放入反应釜中,再于110℃的干燥箱(无需真空)中恒温放置100小时,待自然冷却至室温,观察到玻璃管内有无色多面体状晶体,用乙醇洗涤、干燥即得,产率为63.8%。
应用试验
将本发明实施例1制备所得的开放骨架镉硫属化物(即下述样品)作光催化材料进行光催化制取氢气应用试验。
试验方法
化合物用作光催化制氢材料的实验在室温条件下进行:称取0.2g开放骨架镉硫属化物,加入到盛有270mL、1.0mol/L Na2S2O3溶液的石英反应器中,超声波处理以混合均匀,获得悬浮液。用300W Xe灯作为光源,光催化实验中,样品溶液持续用电磁搅拌器进行搅拌。产生的H2用装备有热导探测器的在线气相色谱进行定量检测。实验结果分析如图5所示。
从图5中可以看出:在室温、没有任何辅助光催化剂存在的条件下,化合物依然具有显著而稳定的光催化性质,产氢效率达到7.6μmol h-1g-1。此外,对实施例2至4制备所得的开放骨架镉硫属化物同样进行了试验,结果表明其产氢效果与实施例1的产氢效率相当。这是因为微孔结构的存在,有效地抑制了光生电子的复合,显著地提高了半导体硫属化物的光催化性质。因此,本发明开放骨架镉硫属化物具有光催化性质,能在室温条件下有效的进行催化作用,可以作为光催化剂用于制取氢气。
最后所应说明的是:上述实施例仅用于说明而非限制本发明的技术方案,任何对本发明进行的等同替换及不脱离本发明精神和范围的修改或局部替换,其均应涵盖在本发明权利要求保护的范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种新型开放骨架镉硫属化物,其特征在于,分子式为[Cd17S4(SPh)24](Im)2,其中Im为咪唑;其骨架结构由超四面体[Cd17S4(SPh)24]2+原子簇通过咪唑阴离子Im-桥连形成双重穿插的金刚石拓扑结构。
2.权利要求1所述新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,其特征在于,将Cd(SPh)2、硫脲、咪唑、丙酮水溶液和三乙胺混合均匀,然后于100-120℃恒温反应100-150小时,反应结束后产物经洗涤、干燥即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Cd(SPh)2、硫脲和咪唑的摩尔比为4-6:1:6-10。
4.根据权利要求2所述新型开放骨架镉硫属化物的制备方法,其特征在于,每0.01mmol硫脲添加0.8-1.5 mL丙酮水溶液、0.3-0.5 mL三乙胺;所述丙酮水溶液是由丙酮和水按体积比3:1混合而成。
5.权利要求1所述的新型开放骨架镉硫属化物作为光催化材料在制取氢气方面的应用。
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