CN106631509B - Special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce comprises a fertilizer A and a fertilizer B, and the fertilizer A is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 75-84% of calcium fertilizer and 16-25% of magnesium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer B is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 77-80% of a macroelement fertilizer, 11-15% of a trace element fertilizer, 5-8% of a buffering agent and 1.4-2.0% of a functional additive, wherein the nitrogen content in the fertilizer A is 14.2-14.7 wt%, the calcium oxide content is 19.8-22.2 wt%, and the magnesium oxide content is 2.4-3.8 wt%. The special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce provided by the invention has comprehensive nutrition and high nutrient utilization rate, can intelligently regulate and control the pH value of a nutrient solution system, can effectively prevent mutual reaction among ions in the nutrient solution, ensures the stability of the nutrient solution, is convenient to apply, can complete the whole fertilizer preparation work by one container, and is time-saving and labor-saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture, in particular to a special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Soilless culture, broadly speaking, all the ways of cultivating crops without using natural soil and replacing the soil with other substances are called soilless culture. Therefore, there are various forms of soilless culture, such as hydroponics, aeroponics, matrix culture, rockwool culture, pipe culture, three-dimensional culture, cylinder culture, wall culture, and the like. Compared with conventional soil cultivation, the soilless cultivation has the following advantages: (1) the planting area is not limited by the land. The crops can be planted in the unhappy places such as stone mountains, deserts and the like, and even roofs, balconies, corridors, windowsills and the like can be utilized. (2) High yield and good quality of crops. The soilless culture can meet the requirements of crops on water, fertilizer, gas, heat and the like as far as possible. (3) Water and fertilizer are saved. The utilization rate of the conventional cultivation fertilizer is between 20% and 50%, and the utilization rate of the soilless culture nutrient solution can reach more than 90%. (4) Avoid pollution and be healthier. At present, a series of water source and soil pollution problems inevitably cause certain pollution to crops; the soilless culture can eliminate the pollution sources, so that the crops grow healthily and the quality is guaranteed.
Lettuce, also known as leaf lettuce, is a crop very suitable for soilless culture. It is rich in protein, vitamins, folic acid and various mineral substances, has high nutritive value and is favored by more and more consumers. In recent years, with the increasing number of people who eat lettuce, the demand of consumers for lettuce also increases year by year. Because the available cultivated land area is reduced year by year and the labor cost is continuously increased, how to continuously improve the yield of the soilless culture lettuce is an important problem to be solved at present. Meanwhile, with the improvement of living standard of people, the quality requirement of the lettuce is higher and higher, and how to cultivate the lettuce with higher nutritive value and better taste is another important problem to be solved.
In the existing lettuce soilless culture technology, a series of problems still exist in researches on lettuce special fertilizer and lettuce nutrient solution. In patent CN201310605845.9, macroelements and medium-element particles are coated to obtain a special fertilizer for soilless culture of lettuce, firstly, the special fertilizer for lettuce is not comprehensive in nutrients and lacks of various trace elements necessary for lettuce growth, and meanwhile, a resin layer after nutrient release cannot be rapidly degraded in a matrix or a nutrient solution, so that a series of problems are brought to later-stage culture. In patent CN201010102201.4, a lettuce nutrient solution formula is divided into four components of a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B, a micro-fertilizer C and an organic acid D, when in use, four mother solutions with different concentrations are required to be prepared respectively, then the mother solutions are quantitatively mixed one by one for use, and the fertilizer preparation operation is complicated; if all components are dissolved at the same time, the precipitation caused by the reaction between all ions in the solution cannot be avoided. In patent CN201410525993.4, the fertilizer is a fertilizer special for lettuce rich in calcium and zinc, but a solution system of the fertilizer contains a large amount of acid radical ions such as phosphate radical and sulfate radical, so that the effectiveness of nutrients such as calcium and zinc is greatly reduced, precipitates such as calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate and zinc phosphate are generated, and the soilless culture pipeline facilities are seriously damaged after long-term use.
The pH value of the nutrient solution is an index which needs to be monitored in a key way in the soilless culture, but no relatively convenient pH value regulation and control mode of the nutrient solution exists at present. The pH value of the nutrient solution for soilless culture of lettuce is usually controlled to be 5.5-7.0, preferably 6.0-6.5. If the pH value is over-alkaline (the pH value is more than or equal to 8.0), the lettuce can have the phenomenon of yellow heart leaves, and the growth speed is obviously retarded; if the pH value is too acid (pH is less than or equal to 5.0), the heart, leaf and vein of lettuce plant have brown lesion, so that the pH value of the nutrient solution is very important to stabilize. The current common mode is to detect and adjust the pH value at least once every 3 days or monitor and adjust the pH value of the nutrient solution at any time, which causes much inconvenience to the actual production.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems of the soilless culture lettuce, it is necessary to develop a special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce, which has comprehensive nutrition, high nutrient utilization rate and convenient application and can intelligently regulate and control the pH value of a nutrient solution system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce and the preparation method thereof, the formula fertilizer is convenient to apply, comprehensive in nutrition and high in nutrient utilization rate, the pH value of a nutrient solution system can be intelligently regulated and controlled, the mutual reaction among ions in the nutrient solution can be effectively prevented, and the stability of the nutrient solution and the efficient absorption and utilization of lettuce to nutrients are ensured.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce comprises a fertilizer A and a fertilizer B, wherein the fertilizer A is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 75-84% of calcium fertilizer and 16-25% of magnesium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer B is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 77-80% of macroelement fertilizer, 11-15% of microelement fertilizer, 5-8% of buffering agent and 1.4-2.0% of functional additive.
Further, the nitrogen content in the fertilizer A is 14.2-14.7 wt%, the calcium oxide content is 19.8-22.2 wt%, and the magnesium oxide content is 2.4-3.8 wt%; in the B fertilizer, the nitrogen content is 8.6-8.9 wt%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 14.4-15.4 wt%, the potassium oxide content is 26.5-29.0 wt%, the iron element content is 1.235-1.755 wt%, the manganese element content is 0.052-0.078 wt%, the zinc element content is 0.038-0.053 wt%, the copper element content is 0.026-0.030 wt%, and the boron element content is 0.082-0.133 wt%.
Further, the calcium fertilizer in the fertilizer A is calcium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate, preferably calcium ammonium nitrate, wherein in the calcium ammonium nitrate, N is more than or equal to 15.5wt%, and CaO is more than or equal to 26.5 wt%.
Further, the magnesium fertilizer in the fertilizer A is magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulfate, preferably magnesium nitrate, wherein in the magnesium nitrate, N is more than or equal to 10.5wt%, and MgO is more than or equal to 15.5 wt%.
Furthermore, the macroelement fertilizer in the fertilizer B comprises ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate, wherein N in the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is more than or equal to 12.0wt%, and P is2O5Not less than 60.0wt%, P in potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O5≥51.0wt％，K2O is more than or equal to 34.0wt%, N is more than or equal to 13.5wt% in potassium nitrate, and K2O is more than or equal to 45.5 wt%; the trace element fertilizer in the fertilizer B comprises EDTA iron, EDTA manganese, EDTA zinc, EDTA copper and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, wherein Fe in the EDTA iron is more than or equal to 13.0wt%, Mn in the EDTA manganese is more than or equal to 13.0wt%, Zn in the EDTA zinc is more than or equal to 15.0wt%, Cu in the EDTA copper is more than or equal to 15.0wt%, and B in the disodium octaborate tetrahydrate is more than or equal to 20.5 wt%.
Further, the buffering agent in the fertilizer B is any one or more of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide.
Further, the functional additive in the fertilizer B is compounded by the following components in percentage by weight: 60.0 to 67.6 percent of organic carbon, 5.4 to 6.7 percent of surfactant and 27.0 to 33.3 percent of chelating agent.
Further, the organic carbon has a molecular weight of usually 600Da, is a full water-soluble small-molecular organic carbon fertilizer which is rich in active functional groups and can be directly absorbed by crops; the surfactant is one of alkyl polyglucoside, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and coco glucoside; the chelating agent is one of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, potassium tartrate and poly amino acid polypeptide.
Further, the surfactant is alkyl polyglucoside, and the chelating agent is polymeric amino acid polypeptide.
The invention adopts another technical scheme to solve the technical problems and provides a preparation method of the special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce, which comprises the following steps: (1) taking a predetermined volume of water in a container; (2) weighing a predetermined amount of fertilizer B, adding the fertilizer B into the water prepared in the step (1), and stirring until the fertilizer B is completely dissolved; (3) continuously weighing a predetermined amount of fertilizer A, adding the fertilizer A into the solution prepared in the step (2), and stirring until the fertilizer A is completely dissolved; (4) and standing the solution and eliminating bubbles to obtain the special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce.
Preferably, the weight of the fertilizer B is the same as that of the fertilizer A.
Compared with the prior art, the special formula fertilizer nutrient solution for soilless culture lettuce and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. rich in macroelements, secondary elements and trace elements necessary for lettuce, and comprehensive and balanced nutrients; 2. the full water-soluble micromolecular organic carbon fertilizer containing rich active functional groups can be directly absorbed and utilized by lettuce, so that the carbon can be quickly supplemented, the photosynthesis is improved, and the growth of root systems can be promoted; 3. the added surfactant is processed from natural renewable resources, is green, easy to biodegrade and environment-friendly, and can promote the absorption of the root system to nutrients and improve the utilization rate of the nutrients; 4. the reasonable use of the chelating agent effectively prevents the generation of reaction and precipitation among ions in the nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution is more stable and more durable in storage; 5. the efficient buffering agent can intelligently regulate and control the pH value of a lettuce nutrient solution system, so that the nutrient solution can be controlled within the optimal pH value range of crop growth for a longer time; 6. the whole fertilizer preparation process can be completed by only one container, so that the operation is convenient, and the time and the labor are saved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but should not be construed as limiting the invention, taking the production of 2000kg of the formulated fertilizer special for soilless culture lettuce as an example, the fertilizer comprises 1000kg of fertilizer A special for lettuce and 1000kg of fertilizer B special for lettuce.
Example 1
1000kg of special lettuce fertilizer A comprises the following raw materials: 840.0kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 160.0kg of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, wherein the nitrogen content is 14.7%, the calcium oxide content is 22.2%, and the magnesium oxide content is 2.4%.
1000kg of special B fertilizer for lettuce comprises the following raw materials: 79.5 percent of macroelement fertilizer, 11.0 percent of trace element fertilizer, 8.0 percent of buffering agent and 1.5 percent of functional additive.
The macroelement fertilizer comprises the following components: 155.0kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 120.0kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 520.0kg of potassium nitrate, wherein the contents of nitrogen are 8.9 percent, phosphorus pentoxide is 15.4 percent and potassium oxide is 27.8 percent.
Wherein, the microelement fertilizer comprises the following components: 95.0kg of EDTA iron, 6.0kg of EDTA manganese, 3.5kg of EDTA zinc, 1.7kg of EDTA copper and 4.0kg of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, wherein the contents of iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron are 1.23%, 0.08%, 0.05%, 0.03% and 0.08%.
Wherein, the composition of the buffering agent is as follows: 16.6kg of dipotassium phosphate, 33.4kg of monopotassium phosphate, 2.2kg of citric acid and 27.8kg of sodium citrate.
Wherein, the functional additive comprises the following components: 10.0kg of water-soluble organic carbon, 0.8kg of alkyl polyglucoside and 4.0kg of polymerized amino acid polypeptide.
The application method of the special formula fertilizer nutrient solution for soilless culture lettuce is a direct preparation method, and comprises the following steps: (1) taking 1000L of water in a container; (2) weighing 1.25kg of fertilizer B, adding the fertilizer B into the water prepared in the step (1), and stirring until the fertilizer B is completely dissolved; (3) continuously weighing 1.25kg of fertilizer A, adding the fertilizer A into the solution prepared in the step (2), and stirring until the fertilizer A is completely dissolved; (4) and standing the solution until bubbles are eliminated. And the whole preparation process can complete all fertilizer preparation work by only one container, and the operation is convenient and fast.
The measured value of the nutrient solution is as follows: EC 1.60 mS/cm; (ii) a pH 6.2.
Example 2
1000kg of special lettuce fertilizer A comprises the following raw materials: 800.0kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 200.0kg of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, wherein the nitrogen content is 14.5 percent, the calcium oxide content is 21.2 percent, and the magnesium oxide content is 3.1 percent.
1000kg of special B fertilizer for lettuce comprises the following raw materials: 80.0% of macroelement fertilizer, 13.5% of microelement fertilizer, 5.0% of buffering agent and 1.5% of functional additive.
The macroelement fertilizer comprises the following components: 130.0kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 130.0kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 540.0kg of potassium nitrate, wherein the contents of nitrogen are 8.8 percent, phosphorus pentoxide are 14.4 percent and potassium oxide is 29.0 percent.
Wherein, the microelement fertilizer comprises the following components: 120.0kg of EDTA iron, 5.0kg of EDTA manganese, 3.0kg of EDTA zinc, 2.0kg of EDTA copper and 5.0kg of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, wherein the contents of iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron are 1.56%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.03% and 0.10%.
Wherein, the composition of the buffering agent is as follows: 11.6kg of dipotassium phosphate, 23.4kg of monopotassium phosphate, 1.1kg of citric acid and 13.9kg of sodium citrate.
Wherein, the functional additive comprises the following components: 9.0kg of water-soluble organic carbon, 1.0kg of alkyl polyglucoside and 5.0kg of polymerized amino acid polypeptide.
The application method of the special formula fertilizer nutrient solution for soilless culture lettuce is a direct preparation method, and comprises the following steps: (1) taking 1000L of water in a container; (2) weighing 1.15kg of fertilizer B, adding the fertilizer B into the water prepared in the step (1), and stirring until the fertilizer B is completely dissolved; (3) continuously weighing 1.15kg of fertilizer A, adding the fertilizer A into the solution prepared in the step (2), and stirring until the fertilizer A is completely dissolved; (4) and standing the solution until bubbles are eliminated. And the whole preparation process can complete all fertilizer preparation work by only one container, and the operation is convenient and fast.
The measured value of the nutrient solution is as follows: EC 1.55 mS/cm; pH 6.4.
Example 3
1000kg of special lettuce fertilizer A comprises the following raw materials: 750.0kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 250.0kg of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, wherein nitrogen is 14.2%, calcium oxide is 19.8% and magnesium oxide is 3.8%.
1000kg of special B fertilizer for lettuce comprises the following raw materials: 77.0% of macroelement fertilizer, 15.0% of trace element fertilizer, 6.0% of buffering agent and 2.0% of functional additive.
The macroelement fertilizer comprises the following components: 160.0kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 110.0kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500.0kg of potassium nitrate, wherein the contents of nitrogen are 8.6%, phosphorus pentoxide is 15.1% and potassium oxide is 26.5%.
Wherein, the microelement fertilizer comprises the following components: 135.0kg of EDTA iron, 4.0kg of EDTA manganese, 2.5kg of EDTA zinc, 1.8kg of EDTA copper and 6.5kg of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, wherein the iron content is 1.75%, the manganese content is 0.05%, the zinc content is 0.03%, the copper content is 0.02% and the boron content is 0.13%.
Wherein, the composition of the buffering agent is as follows: 12.0kg of dipotassium phosphate, 24.0kg of monopotassium phosphate, 1.8kg of citric acid and 22.2kg of sodium citrate.
Wherein, the functional additive comprises the following components: 13.0kg of water-soluble organic carbon, 1.2kg of alkyl polyglucoside and 6.0kg of polymerized amino acid polypeptide.
The application method of the special formula fertilizer nutrient solution for soilless culture lettuce is a direct preparation method, and comprises the following steps: (1) taking 1000L of water in a container; (2) weighing 1.30kg of fertilizer B, adding the fertilizer B into the water prepared in the step (1), and stirring until the fertilizer B is completely dissolved; (3) continuously weighing 1.30kg of fertilizer A, adding the fertilizer A into the solution prepared in the step (2), and stirring until the fertilizer A is completely dissolved; (4) and standing the solution until bubbles are eliminated. And the whole preparation process can complete all fertilizer preparation work by only one container, and the operation is convenient and fast.
The measured value of the nutrient solution is as follows: EC 1.70 mS/cm; pH 6.5.
Comparative examples
The special fertilizer for the common lettuce sold in the market comprises the following main raw materials: calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and trace elements.
The comparative tests of the above examples 1 to 3 and the commercially available fertilizer for common lettuce were as follows: 3 water culture boxes are used for each treatment, 6 lettuce plants are fixedly planted in each box, and 18 lettuce plants are fixedly planted in each box; each treatment was repeated 3 times and randomly arranged. The total using amount of the fertilizer in the embodiments 1 to 3 is the same as that of the fertilizer special for the common lettuce sold in the market. The growth index and the quality index of the lettuce are measured 25 days after planting, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 growth of lettuce under different treatments
As can be seen from Table 1, the growth index and the quality index of the lettuce applied with the special formula fertilizer for lettuce of the invention are as follows: the leaf number, leaf area, plant height, maximum root length and Vc content are all obviously higher than those of the comparative examples, and the nitrate content, one of important indexes for evaluating the vegetable quality, is lower than that of the comparative example by more than 67mg/kg, so that the practical application effect is obvious.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce is characterized by comprising a fertilizer A and a fertilizer B, wherein the mass ratio of the fertilizer A to the fertilizer B is 1: 1, the fertilizer A is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 75-84% of calcium fertilizer and 16-25% of magnesium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer B is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 77-80% of macroelement fertilizer, 11-15% of microelement fertilizer, 5-8% of buffering agent and 1.4-2.0% of functional additive;
the fertilizer A contains 14.2-14.7 wt% of nitrogen, 19.8-22.2 wt% of calcium oxide and 2.4-3.8 wt% of magnesium oxide; in the B fertilizer, the nitrogen content is 8.6-8.9 wt%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 14.4-15.4 wt%, the potassium oxide content is 26.5-29.0 wt%, the iron element content is 1.235-1.755 wt%, the manganese element content is 0.052-0.078 wt%, the zinc element content is 0.038-0.053 wt%, the copper element content is 0.026-0.030 wt%, and the boron element content is 0.082-0.133 wt%;
the functional additive in the fertilizer B is compounded by the following components in percentage by weight: 60.0 to 67.6 percent of organic carbon, 5.4 to 6.7 percent of surfactant and 27.0 to 33.3 percent of chelating agent;
the buffer in the fertilizer B consists of citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
the organic carbon is a micromolecular full water-soluble organic carbon fertilizer with the molecular weight of 600Da, the surfactant is alkyl polyglucoside, and the chelating agent is poly amino acid polypeptide.
2. The special formulated fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcium fertilizer in the fertilizer A is calcium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate, and in the calcium ammonium nitrate, N is not less than 15.5wt%, and CaO is not less than 26.5 wt%.
3. The special formulated fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnesium fertilizer in the fertilizer A is magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulfate, and in the magnesium nitrate, N is more than or equal to 10.5wt%, and MgO is more than or equal to 15.5 wt%.
4. The special formulated fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce as claimed in claim 1, wherein the macroelement fertilizer in the fertilizer B is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate, wherein N in the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is not less than 12.0wt%, and P is not less than 12.0wt%2O5Not less than 60.0wt%, P in potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O5≥51.0wt%，K2O is more than or equal to 34.0wt%, N is more than or equal to 13.5wt% in potassium nitrate, and K2O is more than or equal to 45.5 wt%; the trace element fertilizer in the fertilizer B comprises EDTA iron, EDTA manganese, EDTA zinc, EDTA copper and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, wherein Fe in the EDTA iron is more than or equal to 13.0wt%, Mn in the EDTA manganese is more than or equal to 13.0wt%, Zn in the EDTA zinc is more than or equal to 15.0wt%, Cu in the EDTA copper is more than or equal to 15.0wt%, and B in the disodium octaborate tetrahydrate is more than or equal to 20.5 wt%.
5. The preparation method of the special soilless culture lettuce formula fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking a predetermined volume of water in a container;
(2) weighing a predetermined amount of fertilizer B, adding the fertilizer B into the water prepared in the step (1), and stirring until the fertilizer B is completely dissolved;
(3) continuously weighing a predetermined amount of fertilizer A, adding the fertilizer A into the solution prepared in the step (2), and stirring until the fertilizer A is completely dissolved;
(4) and standing the solution and eliminating bubbles to obtain the special formula fertilizer for soilless culture lettuce.
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