CN106587995A - 一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法 - Google Patents
一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法，该方法利用外加磁场来热处理BaTiO3‑BaFe12O19复合陶瓷，从而改善其多铁性能，包括步骤：利用水热或微波水热方法制备好纳米BaTiO3和BaFe12O19粉体，将二者按照(1‑x)BaTiO3‑xBaFe12O19的比例混合均匀、制备得到BaTiO3‑BaFe12O19坯体样品A；把坯体样品A至于微波烧结炉中烧结、随炉冷却后得到BaTiO3‑BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B；将所得的复合陶瓷B置于氮气气氛的磁场烧结炉中进行低温热处理，在磁通线圈电流10～14A、温度400～450℃下保温60～90min后得到具有优异多铁性的复合陶瓷合材料。本发明在陶瓷的制备过程中，仅添加了一步低温的磁场热处理工艺，就使得材料的最大磁化强度提高约80％，最大极化强度提高约11％，不仅制备成本低、操作简单、磁场热处理后无需快速淬火、工艺环保无污染。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于信息功能材料技术领域，具体涉及一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法。
背景技术：
多铁性材料(multiferroics)是指材料中包含两种及两种以上铁的基本性能，这些铁的基本性能包括铁电性(反铁电性)，铁磁性(反铁磁性、亚铁磁性)和铁弹性。在实际应用中，由于铁电极化需要空的3d轨道，而铁磁性需要般充满的3d电子轨道，因此一种材料同时具有铁电性和铁磁性是非常困难的。为了得到具有优异性能的多铁性材料，合成多铁性复合材料是一种有效的方法。多铁性复合材料同时具有铁电和铁磁等多种性能，这种材料的物理性能往往由微观中电畴和磁畴结构和反转决定。作为一种重要的电子陶瓷材料，BaTiO3-BaFe12O19多铁性复合材料作为一种重要的电子陶瓷材料广泛应用于出传感器、多态储器、铁电压电器件等。为了能够获得性能优异的多铁性复合材料，研究学者在材料制备过程中采用了许多方法去优化材料性能。中国专利200810112290.3“一种多铁性材料的强磁场制备方法”和专利201310136091.7“一种Bi2Fe4O9多铁陶瓷材料及其制备方法”公开了在强磁场下热处理BiFeO3陶瓷的工艺方法，两种方法均通过外加磁场的工艺制备出同时具有高宏观磁矩与饱和极化强度、磁电耦合系数的多铁性陶瓷。然而，这两种工艺在强磁场处理过程中有的需要快速淬火、热处理温度过高、时间过长(400～880℃，1～6h)，有的则需要再增加一步高温退火的过程(650～850℃)。而这些过程如果控制不当，都会引起晶粒尺寸的增加，进而影响材料的铁电、铁磁性能。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供了一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法，以同时提高BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合材料的铁电性、铁磁性，该方法操作简单，热处理温度低、制备的复合陶瓷晶粒尺寸小、陶瓷片密度较高、多铁性能优异。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案来实现：
一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将采用水热或微波水热方法制备的纳米BaTiO3和BaFe12O19粉体按照(1-x)BaTiO3-xBaFe12O19的比例混合均匀，得到BaTiO3-BaFe12O19坯体样品A，其中x＝0.1～0.4；
2)将坯体样品A压成圆片状；
3)成型后的圆片状坯体样品A置于微波烧结炉中，在1060～1100℃烧结45～180s，得到BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B；
4)将所得的复合陶瓷B置于氮气气氛的磁场烧结炉中进行低温热处理，随炉冷却后得到具有优异多铁性的复合陶瓷材料。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤2)中，利用压机在120～150MPa下，将坯体样品A压成圆片状。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤4)中，对所得BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B进行低温磁场处理，其处理制度为在室温即开始通入氮气气氛，且氮气流量为0.04～0.07m3/min。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤4)中，对所得BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B进行低温磁场处理，其处理制度为在磁通线圈电流10～14A、以4～8℃/min的速度从室温升温至400～450℃并保温60～90min，之后随炉冷却至室温。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：
本发明提供的一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法，当材料处于外加磁场中时，磁场作用力pm会作用在两个相邻晶粒的晶界处，如下式所示：
其中χ1和是χ2晶粒1、2的极化率，ω1和ω2是两个晶粒间的磁场自由能密度，μ0是磁常数。根据式(1)所示，外加磁场对铁电畴的畴壁有很大影响[L.H.Yin,B.C.Zhao,J.Fang,R.R.Zhang,X.W.Tang,W.H.Song,J.M.Dai,Y.P.Sun,Improved leakage current andferromagnetic properties in magnetic field annealed BiFeO3-based ceramics,JSolid State Chem.194(2012)194–198.]。因此对多铁性材料进行不同的外加磁场热处理，就会得到不同数量和种类的铁电畴壁，从而改善材料的铁电性。另一方面，磁畴的畴壁和晶界也会相互作用[S.Huang,Y.Qiu,S.L.Yuan,Enhanced magnetization and electricpolarization in Bi2Fe4O9ceramics by magneticfield pre-sintering,MaterLett.160(2015)323–326.]所以外加磁场热处理同样会对材料的铁磁性有影响。综上所述，合理的调控磁场热处理工艺，会对材料的多铁性能有一定改善。
概括来说，本发明具有以下几点优点：
1、本发明提供的制备方法，低温磁场热处理后无需快速淬火或者二次退火，避免了在磁场热处理过程中由于热处理温度过高、时间过长或者二次高温退火所引起的晶粒尺寸的增加，进而优化了材料的铁电、铁磁性能。
2、陶瓷制备过程中采用微波烧结结合短时间内磁场低温热处理工艺，使得制备成本较低、工艺控制简单、反应周期很短，在较低温度下烧结即得均匀致密的陶瓷材料，大幅提高了材料的多铁性能，复合材料最大磁化强度提高约80％，最大极化强度提高约11％。
附图说明：
图1是陶瓷样品在磁场低温热处理时的示意图。
图2是本发明在实施例1-4条件下所制备的BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷的XRD图谱。
图3为本发明在实施例4条件下所制备0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷的扫描电镜(SEM)照片。
图4为本发明在实施例4条件下所制备0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷样品(B⊥)和未进行磁场热处理的0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷(B0)的P-E loop对比图。
图5为本发明在实施例4条件下所制备0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷样品(B⊥)和未进行磁场热处理的0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷(B0)的磁滞回线对比图。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
1)将采用水热或微波水热方法制备的纳米BaTiO3和BaFe12O19粉体按照0.9BaTiO3-0.1BaFe12O19的比例混合均匀，得到0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19坯体样品A；
2)利用压机在150MPa下，把坯体样品A压成圆片状；
3)成型后的圆片坯体样品A置于微波烧结炉中，在1090℃烧结100s，得到0.9BaTiO3-0.1BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B；
4)将所得的复合陶瓷B置于氮气气氛的磁场烧结炉中(如图1所示)进行低温热处理，在室温即开始通入氮气气氛，氮气流量为0.07m3/min。控制磁通线圈电流为10.5A、以4℃/min的速度从室温升温至450℃并保温90min，随炉冷却后得到具有优异多铁性的复合陶瓷合材料。
实施例2：
1)将采用水热或微波水热方法制备的纳米BaTiO3和BaFe12O19粉体按照0.8BaTiO3-0.2BaFe12O19的比例混合均匀，得到0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19坯体样品A；
2)利用压机在140MPa下，把坯体样品A压成圆片状；
3)成型后的圆片坯体样品A置于微波烧结炉中，在1080℃烧结120s，得到0.8BaTiO3-0.2BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B；
4)将所得的复合陶瓷B置于氮气气氛的磁场烧结炉中(如图1所示)进行低温热处理，在室温即开始通入氮气气氛，氮气流量为0.06m3/min。控制磁通线圈电流为12A、以5℃/min的速度从室温升温至430℃并保温80min，随炉冷却后得到具有优异多铁性的复合陶瓷合材料。
实施例3：
1)将采用水热或微波水热方法制备的纳米BaTiO3和BaFe12O19粉体按照0.6BaTiO3-0.4BaFe12O19的比例混合均匀，得到0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19坯体样品A；
2)利用压机在130MPa下，把坯体样品A压成圆片状；
3)成型后的圆片坯体样品A置于微波烧结炉中，在1060℃烧结180s，得到0.6BaTiO3-0.4BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B；
4)将所得的复合陶瓷B置于氮气气氛的磁场烧结炉中(如图1所示)进行低温热处理，在室温即开始通入氮气气氛，氮气流量为0.04m3/min。控制磁通线圈电流为14A、以7℃/min的速度从室温升温至400℃并保温60min，随炉冷却后得到具有优异多铁性的复合陶瓷合材料。
实施例4：
1)将采用水热或微波水热方法制备的纳米BaTiO3和BaFe12O19粉体按照0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19的比例混合均匀，得到0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19坯体样品A；
2)利用压机在120MPa下，把坯体样品A压成圆片状；
3)成型后的圆片坯体样品A置于微波烧结炉中，在1100℃烧结45s，得到0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B；
4)将所得的复合陶瓷B置于氮气气氛的磁场烧结炉中(如图1所示)进行低温热处理，在室温即开始通入氮气气氛，氮气流量为0.05m3/min。控制磁通线圈电流为13.5A、以8℃/min的速度从室温升温至440℃并保温70min，随炉冷却后得到具有优异多铁性的复合陶瓷合材料。
图1是陶瓷样品在磁场低温热处理时的示意图。图中可以看出，当给炉膛内的磁通线圈通上电流I时，炉膛内就会产生自下而上的磁场，样品垂直放置于磁场方向进行低温热处理，如图所示。
图2是本发明在实施例1-4条件下所制备的BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷的XRD图谱。从图中可以看出，复合陶瓷的主晶相为典型钙钛矿结构的BaTiO3和六角磁铅石结构的BaFe12O19。XRD衍射图谱表明BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷两相能够很好共存，衍射峰强，狭窄尖锐，衍射峰的位置与BaTiO3和BaFe12O19的标准卡片一致，晶粒结晶度高。
图3为本发明在实施例4条件下所制备0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷的扫描电镜(SEM)照片。由图3可以看出，制得的复合陶瓷晶粒尺寸分布均匀，陶瓷致密度较高、无明显气孔。
图4为本发明在实施例4条件下所制备0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷样品(B⊥)和未进行磁场热处理的0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷(B0)的P-E loop对比图。从图中可以看出样品均表现出良好的铁电性，但采用本发明工艺制备的复合陶瓷样品具有更优异的铁电性，其最大极化强度由7.3mC/cm2增大到8.1mC/cm2，提高了约11％。
图5为本发明在实施例4条件下所制备0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷样品(B⊥)和未进行磁场热处理的0.7BaTiO3-0.3BaFe12O19复合陶瓷(B0)的磁滞回线对比图。从图中可以明显看出采用本发明工艺制备的复合陶瓷样品具有更大的饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度，B⊥样品的最大磁化强度(40.4emu/g)较B0样品(22.5emu/g)提高了将近80％。
以上所述仅为本发明的一部分实施方式，不是全部或唯一的实施方式，本领域通技术人员通过阅读本发明说明书而对本发明技术方案采取的任何等效的变换，均为本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (4)
1.一种磁场低温热处理制备多铁性复合陶瓷材料的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)将采用水热或微波水热方法制备的纳米BaTiO3和BaFe12O19粉体按照(1-x)BaTiO3-xBaFe12O19的比例混合均匀，得到BaTiO3-BaFe12O19坯体样品A，其中x＝0.1～0.4；
2)将坯体样品A压成圆片状；
3)成型后的圆片状坯体样品A置于微波烧结炉中，在1060～1100℃烧结45～180s，得到BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B；
4)将所得的复合陶瓷B置于氮气气氛的磁场烧结炉中进行低温热处理，随炉冷却后得到具有优异多铁性的复合陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，利用压机在120～150MPa下，将坯体样品A压成圆片状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中，对所得BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B进行低温磁场处理，其处理制度为在室温即开始通入氮气气氛，且氮气流量为0.04～0.07m3/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中，对所得BaTiO3-BaFe12O19复合陶瓷B进行低温磁场处理，其处理制度为在磁通线圈电流10～14A、以4～8℃/min的速度从室温升温至400～450℃并保温60～90min，之后随炉冷却至室温。
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