CN106572701B - 具有短路防止的可再充电装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种可再充电电子装置手持型电操作吸烟装置,其包含:可再充电电源;第一充电触头,其通过MOSFET电压控制式开关连接到所述可再充电电源,其中所述MOSFET具有源极端子、漏极端子和栅极端子;运算放大器,其中所述运算放大器的非反相输入连接到所述源极端子,所述运算放大器的反相输入连接到所述漏极端子且输出连接到所述栅极端子;和第二充电触头,其连接到所述可再充电电源,其中所述电压控制式开关MOSFET配置成在所述第一充电触头与所述可再充电电源之间的电压差低于第一阈值电压时防止所述第一电触头与所述可再充电电源之间有电流流过所述开关,其中所述装置配置成放大所述源极端子与所述漏极端子之间的电压差,且将其施加至所述栅极端子,其中将封闭回路回馈施加至所述运算放大器的所述反相输入,且其中偏压电阻器连接于所述操作放大器的所述反相输入与电接地之间。此安排在与整流二极管相比较时以既小又汲取相对较少电力的方式实现短路保护。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及用于具有暴露充电触头的可再充电电气装置的短路保护。确切地说,本公开涉及手持型电操作吸烟装置,其中任何短路保护合乎需要地小且在装置的正常操作期间汲取极小残余电流。
背景技术
短路保护对于具有暴露电触头的可再充电电气装置来说是熟知的。对于例如使用锂离子电池的装置来说,需要短路保护来防止电池的过热。
短路保护的最简单且最常见形式为充电触头之间的一个或多个整流二极管的连接。然而,这些二极管具有在300mV与800mV之间的前向压降,且因此导致在充电期间的显著能量损失。在典型的手持式装置中,保护二极管可占充电电压的10%。
US2006/0120069公开使用具有可预测压降的MOSFET的短路保护电路。然而,US2006/0120069中所公开的电路并不适合于所有化学电池,这是由于触发短路防止电路所要花费的时间。确切地说,磷酸锂铁电池具有相对低的内部电阻,此意谓极高电流甚至可在触发US2006/0120069的短路防止电路所要花费的极短时间段内流动。
需要低功率、小且便宜并适合于所有化学电池的用于可再充电装置的短路保护。
发明内容
在一个方面中,提供一种可再充电手持型电操作吸烟装置,其包含:可再充电电源;第一充电触头,其通过电压控制式开关连接到可再充电电源;和第二充电触头,其连接到可再充电电源,其中电压控制式开关配置成在第一充电触头与可再充电电源之间的电压差低于第一阈值电压时防止第一电触头与可再充电电源之间有电流流过开关。
此安排在与整流二极管相比较时以既小又汲取相对较少电力的方式实现短路保护。
电压控制式开关可包含金属氧化半导体场效晶体管(MOSFET)。MOSFET可为P通道MOSFET。此外,因为开关的缺省条件为断开状态,从而防止电流流过开关,且需要阈值电压差来接通开关,所以在发生短路与触发开关之间的时间段中不存在可能造成损坏的电流流过开关的问题。
MOSFET具有源极端子、漏极端子和栅极端子,且装置可配置成放大源极端子与漏极端子之间的电压差,且将其施加至栅极端子。有利的是,装置配置成在将正常充电电流施加至源极端子以用于对可再充电电源充电时放大源极端子与漏极端子之间的电压差,其中增益足以在饱和模式中操作MOSFET。此情形确保充电期间的极小电力损失,这是由于MOSFET的电阻。
装置可包含运算放大器,其中一个输入连接到源极端子,另一输入连接到漏极端子,且输出连接到栅极端子。运算放大器的非反相输入可连接到源极端子,且运算放大器的反相输入连接到漏极端子。
可将封闭回路回馈施加至运算放大器的反相输入以提供所要电压增益。
装置可进一步包含连接于运算放大器的反相输入与电接地之间的偏压电阻器。偏压电阻器可确保在不将充电电压施加至电触头时阻挡MOSFET。
装置可进一步包含连接于运算放大器的输出与源极端子之间的电阻器。此电阻器确保MOSFET的栅极电压接近源极电压,且因此即使停用运算放大器,MOSFET仍保持被阻挡。
第二充电触头可连接到电接地。
装置可进一步包含多个数据触头。
可再充电电源可为锂离子电池,且具体来说,磷酸锂铁电池。
装置为手持型电操作吸烟装置。对于此类型的装置,电子组件的紧密性和低功率是尤其重要的。
在另一方面中,提供一种用于在发生第一充电触头与触头中的另一者之间的短路的情况下保护可再充电手持型电操作吸烟装置的方法,所述吸烟装置具有可再充电电源和多个暴露触头,所述方法包含:在第一充电触头与可再充电电源之间提供电压控制式开关;和控制电压控制式开关以在第一充电触头与可再充电电源之间的电压差低于第一阈值电压时防止第一电触头与可再充电电源之间有电流流过开关。
附图说明
现在将仅仅通过例子参考附图详细地描述根据本公开的实施例,其中:
图1为电操作吸烟装置和相关联的充电单元的示意性说明;
图2为图1的电操作吸烟装置上的电触头的安排的示意性说明;和
图3为用于图1和图2中所说明的类型的装置的短路保护电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
图1展示根据本发明的一个实施例的包括充电装置100和可再充电装置102的系统。此实例中的充电装置100是用于电加热吸烟系统的充电单元。此实例中的可再充电装置102是适于容纳包括气溶胶形成基质的吸烟制品104的电加热气溶胶生成装置。可再充电装置包含加热器以在操作中加热气溶胶形成基质。使用者吮吸吸烟制品104的烟嘴部分以将气溶胶抽吸到使用者的口中。可再充电装置102配置成容纳于充电装置100的腔112内以便对可再充电装置中的电源再充电。
充电装置100包括第一电池106、控制电子元件108和电触头110,所述电触头配置成在可再充电装置与电触头110连接时,将电功率从第一电池106提供到可再充电装置中的第二电池且将电数据提供到可再充电装置中的电子元件128。电触头110邻近腔112的底部提供。腔配置成容纳可再充电装置102。充电装置100的组件容纳在壳体116内。
可再充电装置102包括第二电池126、第二控制电子元件128和电触头130。如上所述,当电触头130与充电装置100的电触头110接触时,可再充电装置102配置成从充电装置接收电力供给和数据。可再充电装置102进一步包括配置成容纳吸烟制品104的腔132。以例如刀片加热器形式的加热器134提供在腔132的底部。在使用中,使用者启动可再充电装置102,且经由控制电子元件128将电力从电池126提供到加热器134。加热器加热至标准操作温度,所述温度足以由气溶胶生成制品104的气溶胶形成基质生成气溶胶。可再充电装置102的组件容纳在壳体136内。例如,在EP2110033中更全面地描述此类型的可再充电装置。
在此实例中,可再充电装置102为电加热吸烟装置。因此,可再充电装置102很小(常规香烟大小)。可再充电装置102具有多边形截面。从平坦面到相对平坦面测量,可再充电装置的外径可为在约12.7mm到约13.65mm之间;从边缘到相对边缘(即,从可再充电装置的一个侧上的两个面的交点到另一侧上的相应交点)测量,在约13.4mm到约14.2mm之间;以及从按钮顶部到相对底部平坦面测量,在约14.2mm到约15mm之间。可再充电装置的长度为约80mm。
吸烟装置必须在仅几分钟时间段内递送高电力,通常单一吸烟环节约7分钟。第二电池可接着需要返回到充电装置100以进行再充电。充电装置中的第一电池106配置成容纳足够充电量以在需要对自身再充电之前对第二电池126再充电若干次。此在需要从主出口再充电之前为使用者提供允许若干吸烟环节的便携式系统。
为了满足较小大小,充足容量和安全,但快速充电与放电,以及可接受寿命的第二电池126的竞争要求,如在此实例中可使用磷酸锂铁(LiFePO4)化学电池。此实例中的第二电池126具有圆柱形状,直径为10mm及长度为37mm。作为替代方案,钛酸锂电池可用于第二电池。
充电装置100中的第一电池106为棱柱型氧化钴锂(LiCoO2)电池。氧化钴锂电池提供比磷酸锂铁更高的电池电压,允许磷酸锂铁电池从单个氧化钴锂电池充电。
气溶胶形成基质优选包括含有挥发性烟草香味化合物的含烟草材料,在加热时所述挥发性烟草香味化合物从基质中释放。可替代地,气溶胶形成基质可包括非烟草材料。优选地,气溶胶形成基质还包含气溶胶形成剂。合适的气溶胶形成剂的例子是甘油和丙二醇。
气溶胶形成基质可为固体基质。固体基质可包含例如下述中的一种或多种:包含下述中的一种或多种的粉末、颗粒、小球、碎片、通心管(spaghettis)、条或薄片:草本植物叶、烟叶、烟肋片段、再生烟草、均质烟草、挤出烟草和膨胀烟草。可替代地,气溶胶形成基质可为液体基质,且吸烟制品可包括用于保持液体基质的设备。
图2为图1的电操作吸烟装置和充电装置上的电触头的安排的示意性说明。可自图2看出,可再充电装置102具有五个对称地装设的电触头131、133、135、137、139。两个触头经提供用于电力,两个触头经提供用于数据,且一个触头为冗余的。在针对电力而提供的两个触头当中,第一触头131配置成接收充电电压,且第二触头133被配置成电接地。充电装置具有用于与可再充电装置上的触头啮合的触头111、113、115、117、119的对应安排。
在具有如图2中所示的安排的安排的情况下,在第一触头131与第二触头133或数据触头135或137中的一者之间存在短路的可能性。为了防止电池在短路的情况下过热,提供短路保护安排。
图3说明根据一个实施例的短路保护安排。第一触头131指示在图3的右手侧。至第二电池126的连接由端子200指示。P通道MOSFET210连接于第一触头131与第二电池126之间。MOSFET的源极211连接到第一触头131,且漏极213连接到第二电池。MOSFET 210“接通”,且在源极处的电压(来自充电器)高于漏极处的电压(第二电池126)时将允许电流自源极流动至漏极。如果漏极处的电压变得等于或大于源极处的电压,那么电流将不流动。在此实施例中,MOSFET为来自Diodes公司的DMP1022UFDE-7MOSFET,其具有21.5mΩ的处于饱和模式的电阻,且具有2mm×2mm的封装大小。
在此实例中,系统配置成用于以8与10C之间的速率对第二电池126快速充电。为了以此速率快速充电,使用恒定电流充电阶段,继之以恒定电压充电阶段。为了确保在充电期间在MOSFET接通时,MOSFET具有低电阻,且因此导致低能量损失,图3的电路通过以按如下方式选择的增益放大源极至漏极电压且将其施加至栅极215来操作:在恒定电流阶段期间由MOSFET导致的下降足以在饱和模式中操作MOSFET。在此实例中,在恒定电流阶段期间的恒定电流约为1Amp。在小于约0.6Amps的较低电流处,例如在恒定电压阶段期间,MOS-FET将在线性区域中操作。下文描述且在图3中展示的控制电路接着调节源极至漏极的压降,但损失始终很低。
以8至10C充电比典型充电速率快得多,且当然有可能选择组件以提供较高增益,以使得MOSFET在低得多的充电电流处在饱和模式中操作(如果所述情形经预期为装置的典型操作模式)。
为了放大源极至漏极电压,使用运算放大器212。在此实施例中,运算放大器212为来自Texas Instruments的OPA369。
自以下情形判定对于运算放大器所需要的增益:
●受益于处于饱和模式的MOSFET的低电阻的最大所要栅极电压,和
●横跨源极和漏极的压降。
在此实施例中,操作栅极电压为VGS=-3.0V。具有此栅极电压的MOSFET的电阻(RDSON)具有14mΩ的典型值。对于1.0A的标称充电电流,所述情形导致横跨MOSFET 210的14mV的压降。运算放大器212的所要增益因此约为:
反相放大器的增益由电阻器214与电阻器216之间的电阻比率给定。
在短路的情况下,自可再充电电池的充电将流过电阻器214。因此选择电阻器214以确保理想地小于1mA的低电流在短路的情况下流动。最大电池电压U为3.65伏特。对于电阻器214选择10kΩ的值,其允许如下的电流
此值低于1mA界限值,且因此满足此要求。
电阻器216的电阻接着判定增益。在此实施例中,选择值47Ω以提供如下增益:
此值212.7接近上文计算的值214.3。因此在可再充电装置恰当地连接到充电装置时,MOSFET 210接通且具有低电阻。在存在短路且充电触头311处的电压被拉至接地时,MOSFET 210断开,且电流不流过MOSFET 210。
由电阻器218引入的小偏压确保在源极和漏极电压相等(此情形在不将充电电压施加至接触垫时发生)时和在经由电阻器214将电池电压带至输入以允许读取充电垫上的电池电压时恰当地阻挡MOSFET210。电阻器218确保在此情况下存在跨电阻器216的小压降。此情形又确保运算放大器的负输入处的电压比运算放大器的正输入处的电压低超过运算放大器内的任何内部偏移的量。对于电阻器218选择电阻值1MΩ。此情形确保偏压电阻器218导致由电路汲取极少的额外闲置电流,且确保在正常操作期间横跨电阻器216仅有小额外压降。
栅极电阻器220防止运算放大器看到归因于MOSFET 210的栅极电容的电容负载。大电容负载可导致电流峰值,所述电流峰值超过运算放大器的输出短路电流。栅极电阻器220的选定值1kΩ使电流峰值在所有状况下低于运算放大器的指定输出短路电流。
电阻器222为上拉电阻器,其确保使栅极电压接近源极电压,且因此即使停用运算放大器的输出,仍阻挡MOSFET。此情形可在电池压降低于运算放大器的最小电源电压1.8V时发生。在此实例中,电阻器222具有10kΩ的电阻值
如所解释,在可再充电装置在恒定电流充电阶段期间恰当地连接到充电装置时,MOSFET 210的栅极电压对于在饱和模式中的MOSFET的操作来说是足够的,其中电阻极低,且因此电力损失极低。
在可再充电装置与充电装置断开连接且充电触头上不存在连接时,MOSFET断开,且电流可不流过所述MOSFET。如果充电触头之间存在短路,那么MOSFET保持断开,且电流不流过MOSFET。在短路的状况下,仅小电流(小于1mA)可流过电阻器214。
上文描述的示例性实施例是说明性的而不是限制性的。在上文所论述的示例性实施例的基础上,与上述示例性实施例相符的其它实施例现在对于本领域普通技术人员来说是明显的。
Claims (7)
1.一种可再充电手持型电操作吸烟装置,包含:
可再充电电源;
第一充电触头,通过MOSFET连接到所述可再充电电源,其中所述MOSFET具有源极端子、漏极端子和栅极端子;
运算放大器,其中所述运算放大器的非反相输入连接到所述源极端子,所述运算放大器的反相输入连接到所述漏极端子且输出连接到所述栅极端子;和
第二充电触头,连接到所述可再充电电源,
其中所述MOSFET配置成在所述第一充电触头与所述可再充电电源之间的电压差低于第一阈值电压时防止所述第一充电触头与所述可再充电电源之间有电流流过MOSFET,其中所述吸烟装置配置成放大所述源极端子与所述漏极端子之间的电压差,且将该放大的电压差施加至所述栅极端子,其中将封闭回路回馈施加至所述运算放大器的所述反相输入,且其中偏压电阻器连接于所述运算放大器的所述反相输入与电接地之间以确保当所述源极端子处电压等于所述漏极端子处电压时所述MOSFET被阻挡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸烟装置,其中所述MOSFET为P通道MOSFET。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸烟装置,其中所述吸烟装置配置成在将正常充电电流施加至所述源极端子以用于对所述可再充电电源充电时以足以在饱和模式中操作所述MOSFET的增益来放大所述源极端子与所述漏极端子之间的所述电压差。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸烟装置,包含连接于所述运算放大器的所述输出与所述源极端子之间的电阻器。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸烟装置,其中所述第二充电触头连接到电接地。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸烟装置,还包含多个数据触头。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸烟装置,其中所述可再充电电源为磷酸锂铁电池。
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US20170229885A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
MX364496B (es) | 2019-04-29 |
KR20170042285A (ko) | 2017-04-18 |
RU2685248C2 (ru) | 2019-04-17 |
US10326289B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
PL3180831T3 (pl) | 2019-05-31 |
MX2017002046A (es) | 2017-05-23 |
JP6822945B2 (ja) | 2021-01-27 |
CA2954813A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
WO2016023711A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
KR102371881B1 (ko) | 2022-03-08 |
CN106572701A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
EP3180831A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
ES2690846T3 (es) | 2018-11-22 |
IL249723A0 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
EP3180831B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
AR101939A1 (es) | 2017-01-25 |
JP2017527249A (ja) | 2017-09-14 |
RU2017108156A3 (zh) | 2019-02-21 |
TW201607193A (zh) | 2016-02-16 |
RU2017108156A (ru) | 2018-09-14 |
PT3180831T (pt) | 2018-12-17 |
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