CN106565321A - Mesophyll type vegetable leaf fertilizer rich in organic selenium and preparation method of mesophyll type vegetable leaf fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mesophyll type vegetable leaf fertilizer rich in organic selenium and a preparation method of the mesophyll type vegetable leaf fertilizer. The mesophyll type vegetable leaf fertilizer is prepared by the following raw materials by weight: a plant source fresh material, ethyl acetate, alcohol, potassium sorbate, potassium borate, radix sophorae flavescentis, urea, coconut meat residues, an EM fungicide, gypsum powder, selenium powder, brown sugar, barley malt, tofu pulp, deteriorated milk, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and an appropriate amount of water. The function of liquid state fermentation lies in improving the quantity of microorganisms; various organic matters, saccharides and proteins facilitating amplification of the microorganisms are added, and rich nutrition is provided and facilitates growth of the microorganisms; in addition, the selenium powder is added, organic acid metabolized when the microorganisms are alive can be subjected to complexing with the selenium powder, the microorganisms can absorb the selenium powder through element penetration, so that inorganic selenium elements are turned into organic selenium, and the absorption of crops is facilitated; furthermore, through a leaf surface free diffusion type absorption mode of the mesophyll type vegetable leaf fertilizer, the utilization of organic selenium is facilitated more.

Description

A kind of mesophyll class vegetable leaf leaven rich in organic selenium and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the Technology field of fertilizer, and in particular to a kind of mesophyll class vegetable blade face rich in organic selenium Fertilizer and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Plant waxiness is having for element of the first species's complexity that plant is formed to adapt to external environment in growth and development process The general name of machine mixture, is covered in exposed aerial plant tissue, including the bolt matter substrate of underground, calluss and flower Powder etc., plays a part of to protect plant.Its main component has aliphatic compound, cyclic compound, phytosterin compound etc., With aliphatic compound, including long-chain fatty acid, aldehyde, primary and secondary alcohol etc. are modal components.The thing of plant surface waxiness Physical chemistry characteristic can resist various biological with abiotic infringement, and these infringements include fungal disease, plant-feed insect, too Positive ray, solidification point etc..

The arena that plant surface waxiness or plant, plant-feed insect and its Predator and host marking interact, its It is plant and phytophagous elder brother that distinctive chemical composition and morphological feature give one of its distinctive ecological function, these functions The medium of the interphase interaction of worm.The physical arrangement and quantity of plant surface waxiness can affect the attachment and shifting of plant-feed insect It is dynamic.Surface waxiness can pass through the predation for affecting the hostile phytophagous insect in day, so as to the behavior of remote-effects phytophagous insect.Surface Waxiness extract and single wax component can stimulate or suppress plant-feed insect spawning, activity and take food.Alkane, wax The aliphatic compounds such as ester, free alkyl alcohol and acid are the main components of surface waxiness, select host plant in plant-feed insect In, aliphatic compound plays particularly important effect；Aromatic compound also affects selection of the insecticide to host plant. Plant-feed insect is less to be taken food on the few phenotypic crop of smooth waxiness, on the few phenotypic crop of smooth waxiness, surface The quantity of waxiness is few, and chemical constituent and morphological feature are also different.Surface waxiness can pass through to affect the hostile phytophagous insect in day Predation, so as to the behavior of remote-effects phytophagous insect.The adhesive ability of the multipair natural enemy of surface waxiness has detrimental effect, such as may be used Reduce the predations of the natural enemy insect to plant-feed insect such as Chrysopa, the considerable ladybug of anchor speckle, minute pirate bugs.

The wax coat on blade top layer is into these waxinesss are protecting blade by high light spoke by hydrophobic compound group Penetrate, the infringement of insect and microorganism serves very crucial effect, but the using effect which results in foliage fertilizer is not good, one The characteristics of aspect foliage fertilizer will overcome surface hydrophobicity, stops in the effective time of blade face in foliage fertilizer, is extremely difficult to good effect Really, and foliage fertilizer is substantially into blade, have experiment to prove that the thin blade of waxiness absorbs by way of free diffusing Nutrient is more preferable.

The content of the invention

The present invention seeks to improve adhesive force of the foliage fertilizer on crop leaf surface, absorbability and the life of foliage fertilizer are improved Thing insect resistance capacity, invention develop a kind of foliage fertilizer that with the addition of plant leaf blade top layer waxiness, realize particular by following methods 's：

A kind of mesophyll class vegetable leaf leaven rich in organic selenium, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Plant source Fresh material 20 ~ 30, ethyl acetate 15 ~ 20, ethanol 6 ~ 12, potassium sorbate 2 ~ 6, potassium borate 5 ~ 10, Radix Sophorae Flavescentiss 15 ~ 20, carbamide 1 ~ 4, coconut palm It is meat slag 30 ~ 40, EM bacteria agent 2 ~ 3, Gypsum Fibrosum powder 10 ~ 16, selenium powder 4 ~ 8, brown sugar 8 ~ 15, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 15 ~ 25, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 30 ~ 45, rotten Milk 25 ~ 35, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 ~ 7 and appropriate water；

The fresh material of described plant source is with weight（Part）Following raw material for unit is mixed：Eucalyptus leaveses 10 ~ 15, Fructus Rubi 7 ~ 10th, lucerne place 15 ~ 20, Folium Populi Davidianae 4 ~ 8, cercis leaf 1 ~ 4, wheat leaf 6 ~ 10, Folium Crataegi 2 ~ 5, leaf of Semen Maydis 3 ~ 7.

A kind of preparation method of the mesophyll class vegetable leaf leaven rich in organic selenium, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：

（1）In the fresh material of plant source being added after ethanol dilution 50 ~ 60%, homogenate will be ground to form, be subsequently adding ethyl acetate, water-bath 55 ~ Under the conditions of 70 DEG C extract 2.0 ~ 2.5h, after the completion of sucking filtration obtain filtrate, then at 70 ~ 80 DEG C of rotated evaporimeter concentrate lixiviating solution extremely 40~60%；

（2）Mixing Radix Sophorae Flavescentiss, carbamide, coconut meat slag and other following residual componentss being not directed to, to grind to form and boil 10 under slurry, high pressure ~ 15min sterilization treatment, presses total solid-liquid ratio 1 after natural cooling:50 ~ 80 add sterilized water dilution, while adding selenium powder, carbamide And potassium dihydrogen phosphate is to into fermentation material；

（3）Will（2）Fermentation material proceed to large fermentation tank, be inoculated with EM bacteria agent, ventilation liquid fermentation 4 ~ 8 days, after the completion of filter Filtrate, carries out cell breakage process to filtrate, while potassium sorbate, potassium borate stirring and dissolving are added, after being watered 5 ~ 10 times of dilution .

Compositing characteristic and its pest-resistant principle of the invention according to waxiness in background technology, the basic point of departure of preparation are to utilize Plant waxiness extract is raw material, prepares the additive of foliage fertilizer, crop is protected using natural insect resistace active component, This measure can reduce the pesticide residues of crop, improve crop quality, can improve substantially extraction step through years of researches Suddenly：（1）It is to choose containing abundant waxiness and the plant leaf blade with insect pest characteristic, eucalyptus leaveses have to diamond-back moth significantly walks quickly and keeps away Effect, the surface waxiness of Herba Medicaginiss then has good protective effect to variegation aphid, in the surface waxiness of Fructus Rubi containing Squalene, The good insect repelling components such as plant sterol, tocopherol and vanillin, the also Cortex Populi dividianae with the effect of above effect same Leaf, cercis, Folium Crataegi, wheat leaf, leaf of Semen Maydis etc.；（2）Using certain density ethyl acetate aqueous solution as extractant, then Defibrination is carried out to the blade rich in waxiness, is mixed after ethyl acetate extractant is added, 60 DEG C of extractions of water-bath, this process is not only Blade face top layer wax component can be extracted, while the volatility lipid in blade can be extracted, is equally had and is walked quickly and kept away evil well The effect of worm, after the completion of high speed centrifugation remove blade residue, by gained filtrate by Rotary Evaporators heating concentration.

By in the plant leaf blade lixiviating solution that above method is obtained containing the volatile aromatic fat and surface lipophilic in blade Property compound wax component, and all there are obvious boiling characteristics, after being sprayed to blade, insect had and walks quickly and keeps away work well With, by the use of being slightly soluble in the ethyl acetate of water as extractant, can with the problem of the neutralizing plant extract poorly water-soluble of a part, Remaining ethyl acetate after the completion of extraction, its characteristic for being slightly soluble in water serve the work of bridge well as a kind of intermediate With, add to the water miscible foliage fertilizer of water-wet side connection after foliage fertilizer, and the wax component that the connection of lipophilic end is extracted, and according to Similar compatibility principle, waxiness and the waxiness perfect adaptation of blade surface, promote foliage fertilizer to adsorb in blade surface, improve foliage fertilizer Utilization rate.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：The effect of liquid fermentation is the quantity for improving microorganism, is added various beneficial to micro- The organic matter of biological amplification, saccharide and protein-based, there is provided abundant nutrition be conducive to the growth of microorganism, while adding selenium Powder, while existence, the organic acid of metabolism can be with complexation selenium powder, while microorganism itself can be oozed by element for microorganism Selenium powder is absorbed thoroughly, inorganic selenium element transformation is made into organic selenium, be conducive to the absorption of crop, and the foliage fertilizer invented passes through blade face Free diffusing formula absorption pattern advantageously in the utilization of organic selenium.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1：

A kind of mesophyll class vegetable leaf leaven rich in organic selenium, it is characterised in that by following weight portion（Kg）Raw material make：Plant The fresh material 25 in thing source, ethyl acetate 17, ethanol 8, potassium sorbate 4, potassium borate 8, Radix Sophorae Flavescentiss 16, carbamide 1, coconut meat slag 35, EM bacteria agent 2, Gypsum Fibrosum powder 14, selenium powder 5, brown sugar 10, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 20, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 38, rotten milk 30, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6 and appropriate water；

The fresh material of described plant source is with weight（Kg）Following raw material for unit is mixed：Eucalyptus leaveses 12, Fructus Rubi 8, lucerne Place 18, Folium Populi Davidianae 6, cercis leaf 3, wheat leaf 7, Folium Crataegi 3, leaf of Semen Maydis 5.

A kind of preparation method of the mesophyll class vegetable leaf leaven rich in organic selenium, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：

（1）In the fresh material of plant source being added after ethanol dilution 50 ~ 60%, homogenate will be ground to form, be subsequently adding ethyl acetate, water-bath 55 ~ Under the conditions of 70 DEG C extract 2.0 ~ 2.5h, after the completion of sucking filtration obtain filtrate, then at 70 ~ 80 DEG C of rotated evaporimeter concentrate lixiviating solution extremely 40~60%；

（2）Mixing Radix Sophorae Flavescentiss, carbamide, coconut meat slag and other following residual componentss being not directed to, to grind to form and boil 10 under slurry, high pressure ~ 15min sterilization treatment, presses total solid-liquid ratio 1 after natural cooling:50 ~ 80 add sterilized water dilution, while adding selenium powder, carbamide And potassium dihydrogen phosphate is to into fermentation material；

（3）Will（2）Fermentation material proceed to large fermentation tank, be inoculated with EM bacteria agent, ventilation liquid fermentation 4 ~ 8 days, after the completion of filter Filtrate, carries out cell breakage process to filtrate, while potassium sorbate, potassium borate stirring and dissolving are added, after being watered 5 ~ 10 times of dilution .

By the present invention foliage fertilizer be used for Herba Capsellae planting experiment, by invention foliage fertilizer by per mu of 150 ~ 200Kg amount Uniformly it is sprayed on the blade of Herba Capsellae, as a result relative to conventional common foliage fertilizer, the assimilation effect of foliage fertilizer of the present invention is more preferable, Herba Capsellae growing way is more preferably and blade is fresher and tenderer, and persticide residue is low.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of mesophyll class vegetable leaf leaven rich in organic selenium, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Plant The fresh material 20 ~ 30 in source, ethyl acetate 15 ~ 20, ethanol 6 ~ 12, potassium sorbate 2 ~ 6, potassium borate 5 ~ 10, Radix Sophorae Flavescentiss 15 ~ 20, carbamide 1 ~ 4, Coconut meat slag 30 ~ 40, EM bacteria agent 2 ~ 3, Gypsum Fibrosum powder 10 ~ 16, selenium powder 4 ~ 8, brown sugar 8 ~ 15, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 15 ~ 25, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 30 ~ 45, change Matter milk 25 ~ 35, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 ~ 7 and appropriate water；

The fresh material of described plant source is with weight（Part）Following raw material for unit is mixed：Eucalyptus leaveses 10 ~ 15, Fructus Rubi 7 ~ 10th, lucerne place 15 ~ 20, Folium Populi Davidianae 4 ~ 8, cercis leaf 1 ~ 4, wheat leaf 6 ~ 10, Folium Crataegi 2 ~ 5, leaf of Semen Maydis 3 ~ 7.

2. a kind of preparation method of the mesophyll class vegetable leaf leaven rich in organic selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Including following step：

（1）In the fresh material of plant source being added after ethanol dilution 50 ~ 60%, homogenate will be ground to form, be subsequently adding ethyl acetate, water-bath 55 ~ Under the conditions of 70 DEG C extract 2.0 ~ 2.5h, after the completion of sucking filtration obtain filtrate, then at 70 ~ 80 DEG C of rotated evaporimeter concentrate lixiviating solution extremely 40~60%；

（2）Mixing Radix Sophorae Flavescentiss, carbamide, coconut meat slag and other following residual componentss being not directed to, to grind to form and boil 10 under slurry, high pressure ~ 15min sterilization treatment, presses total solid-liquid ratio 1 after natural cooling:50 ~ 80 add sterilized water dilution, while adding selenium powder, carbamide And potassium dihydrogen phosphate is to into fermentation material；

（3）Will（2）Fermentation material proceed to large fermentation tank, be inoculated with EM bacteria agent, ventilation liquid fermentation 4 ~ 8 days, after the completion of filter Filtrate, carries out cell breakage process to filtrate, while potassium sorbate, potassium borate stirring and dissolving are added, after being watered 5 ~ 10 times of dilution .