CN106557704B - 内容中心网络中的信息和数据框架 - Google Patents

内容中心网络中的信息和数据框架 Download PDF

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CN106557704B
CN106557704B CN201610821315.1A CN201610821315A CN106557704B CN 106557704 B CN106557704 B CN 106557704B CN 201610821315 A CN201610821315 A CN 201610821315A CN 106557704 B CN106557704 B CN 106557704B
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G·C·斯科特
C·A·伍德
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Cisco Technology Inc
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Abstract

一个实施例提供一种用于促进文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的系统。操作中，所述系统从本地应用接收第一命令以创建内容。所述第一命令包括内容名称和指示可以如何访问所述内容的访问控制信息。所述内容名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符。所述系统创建第一清单，所述第一清单是由名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象。所述第一清单的名称是与所述第一命令对应的内容名称，其中，访问所述清单基于所述第一命令中包括的访问控制信息。所述系统将所述第一清单和创建所述第一清单成功的指示符发送到所述本地应用。

Description

内容中心网络中的信息和数据框架
技术领域
本申请一般涉及数字内容的分发。更具体地，本申请涉及基于内容中心网络中的信息和数据框架促进文件输入/输出和网络通信的单个标准接口的系统。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务的激增继续产生大量的数字内容。设计出内容中心网络(CCN)架构来促进访问并处理这些数字内容。CCN包括实体或节点，诸如网络客户端、转发器(例如路由器)和内容生产者，他们通过发送对各种内容项目的兴趣包并接收返回的内容对象包来彼此通信。CCN兴趣和内容对象由其唯一的名称标识，该唯一的名称通常是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成。CCN名称前缀或名称空间可以包括从最概括级开始的一个或多个连续名称组成。
CCN依赖形式为应用和存储内容的位置之间的请求和内容响应的抽象层。此抽象层是基于CCN端口实现的。CCN端口API使得消息能够基于分立的兴趣和内容对象以位置不可知方式构造。同时，许多现代系统和应用依赖文件作为高级抽象，据此可以实现其它数据访问机制(例如，视频流、数据库、消息和密钥值存储)。尽管CCN兴趣和内容对象可以用作传输原始数据的工具，但如果没有另一间接层，使用CCN兴趣和内容对象作为前述抽象时，一些问题仍未解决。
发明内容
一个实施例提供一种促进文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的系统。操作中，所述系统从本地应用接收第一命令以创建内容，其中，所述第一命令包括内容名称和指示可以如何访问所述内容的访问控制信息，其中，所述内容名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符。所述系统创建第一清单，所述第一清单是由名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，所述第一清单的名称是与所述第一命令对应的内容名称，其中，访问所述清单基于所述第一命令中包括的访问控制信息。所述系统将所述第一清单和创建所述第一清单成功的指示符发送到所述本地应用，从而促进本地应用的接口处理内容中心网络中的网络数据。
在一些实施例中，所述系统从所述本地应用接收第二命令以用新数据更新所述内容，其中，所述第二命令包括：所述第一清单名称或如所述第一清单中指示的成员内容对象的名称；包含用于更新的新数据的缓冲器；后续用在指示成功更新的计数；和所述第一清单内或待由其写入所述新数据的成员内容对象内的偏置。所述系统通过将所述缓冲器中的新数据写入所述第一清单或从所述偏置开始的成员内容对象来更新所述第一清单或所述成员内容对象。所述系统将所述计数返回所述本地应用。
在一些实施例中，所述系统在本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中存储所述第一清单和所述成员内容对象。
在一些实施例中，所述系统从所述本地应用接收第三命令以删除内容，其中，所述第三命令包括所述第一清单名称或待删除的成员内容对象的名称。所述系统从本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中删除所述第一清单或所述成员内容对象。所述系统将删除内容成功的指示符发送到所述本地应用。
在一些实施例中，所述系统接收第四命令以读取内容，其中，所述第四命令包括：第二内容名称，所述第二内容名称为包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符；待读取的数据的字节数；以及待由其读取数据的偏置。响应于确定所述内容在本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中可用，所述系统将所述内容发送到所述本地应用。响应于确定所述内容在所述本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中不可用：所述系统执行以下操作：生成名称为所述第二内容名称的兴趣，其中，所述兴趣发送到远程装置；接收第二清单，所述第二清单为通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，所述第二清单的名称是与所述第四命令对应的第二内容名称；以及将所述第二清单发送到所述本地应用。
在一些实施例中，响应于确定所述内容在所述本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中不可用，所述系统生成对所述第二清单中的成员内容对象的兴趣集合，其中，所述兴趣包括所述第二清单中成员内容对象的名称，其中，所述兴趣被发送到远程装置。所述系统接收相应的成员内容对象。所述系统将所述成员内容对象发送到所述本地应用。
在一些实施例中，与远程装置关联的组件用作远程应用和与远程装置的传输堆栈关联的端口实例之间的接口。
在一些实施例中，所述计算机系统是用作所述本地应用和与传输堆栈关联的端口实例之间的接口的组件。所述组件、所述本地应用和所述传输堆栈驻存在相同的计算装置上。
在一些实施例中，响应于从所述本地应用接收第五命令以创建、更新或删除基于内容的名称的所述内容，所述系统生成具有内容名称和包括创建、更新或删除内容的命令的有效载荷的兴趣，其中，所述有效载荷还包括认证信息。所述兴趣被发送到远程装置，并由用作远程应用和与远程装置的传输堆栈关联的端口实例之间的接口的远程组件接收。所述认证信息由远程组件用来：认证计算机系统；以及基于所述第五命令中指示的内容名称，创建、更新或删除所述内容。
在一些实施例中，所述系统基于所述第一命令中包括的访问控制信息并还基于以下中的一个或多个确定请求实体是否可以访问与所述第一清单关联的内容，上述的一个或多个包括：计算机系统可访问的存储或介质装置；计算机系统可访问的数据结构中指示的系统许可的集合；计算机系统可访问的本地密钥链；和用于提供身份相关的数据和验证的第三方服务。
附图说明
图1图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的示例性环境。
图2图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的示例性信息和数据框架。
图3呈现一个表，该表示出根据本发明的实施例将CRUD命令映射到信息和数据框架中的单个接口API。
图4A呈现根据本发明的实施例生产者应用、生产者IDF、客户端IDF 和客户端应用之间的示例性通信，其中，客户端应用生成读取内容的命令。
图4B呈现根据本发明的实施例生产者应用、生产者IDF、客户端IDF 和客户端应用之间的示例性通信，其中，生产者应用生成读取内容的命令。
图4C呈现根据本发明的实施例生产者应用、生产者IDF、存储IDF 和存储应用之间的示例性通信，其中，通信包括认证过程。
图5A呈现一流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例内容生产装置促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的方法，包括生成创建和更新内容的命令。
图5B呈现一流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例内容生产装置促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的方法，包括生成删除内容的命令。
图5C呈现一流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例内容生产装置促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的方法，包括生成读取内容的命令。
图6图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的示例性计算机系统。
附图中，相同的附图标记指相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
给出以下描述使得本领域技术人员能够制造和使用实施例，以下描述是在特定应用和其需求的背景下提供的。对所公开实施例的各种改进对本领域技术人员是非常显然的，在不偏离本申请的精神和范围下，本文中定义的一般原理可以应用于其它实施例和应用。因此，本发明不局限于所显示的实施例，而是给予与本文中公开的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。
概述
本发明的实施例提供一种系统，所述系统提供用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个标准接口。该接口是信息和数据框架(“IDF”)的一部分，其可以实现为驻存在应用和传输堆栈的端口之间的组件。此IDF接口可以称作“IDI”。CCN中的通信基于形式为应用和存储内容的位置之间的请求和内容响应的抽象层。例如，应用可以与CCN端口通信，这提供与传输堆栈和网络通信的应用协议接口(“API”)。使用分立的CCN兴趣和内容对象， CCN端口API能够使消息以位置不可知(location-agnostic)方式构造。换言之，CCN端口API允许应用通过堆栈来组成、使用并维持传输堆栈，并且执行分立的消息操作(例如，发送兴趣和内容对象)。
同时，许多现代系统和应用依赖文件作为高级抽象，据此可以实现其它数据访问机制(例如，视频流、数据库、消息和密钥值存储)。尽管CCN 兴趣和内容对象可以用作传输原始数据的工具，但如果没有另一间接层，目前没有可以依赖CCN兴趣和内容对象作为前述抽象的任何系统。
本发明的实施例借助在应用和CCN端口之间的组件解决了此问题。此组件-IDF-构建于CCN端口API之上，以提供创建、读取、更新和删除 (“CRUD”)API。CRUD API(例如IDI)允许应用与CCN通信以读取和操作数据。IDF在内部与操作系统进程和例如Unix之类的CRUDAPI通常涉及的将内容对象组织成文件级抽象所需的远程服务相接。例如，本系统能够提供从Unix文件API到IDI的映射，这促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个标准接口(用于内容检索)。因此，IDF可以视为CCN端口和传输堆栈的延伸，这里，IDF使用外部服务和本地操作系统资源来执行功能并向堆栈中的上一层级提供CRUD API。
在CCN中，每项内容是被分别命名的，每项数据绑定到将该数据与任何其它项数据相区分的唯一名称，诸如同一数据的其它形式或来自其它来源的数据。此唯一名称允许网络装置通过传播指示此唯一名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据，并且可以获得与数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用和传输手段无关的数据。以下术语用来描述CCN架构：
内容对象(或“Content Object”)：单一一项命名数据，其绑定到唯一名称。内容对象是“永久的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算装置内或者在不同的计算装置中移动，但不会改变。如果内容对象的任何组成变化，则出现变化的实体创建包括更新内容的新内容对象，将新内容对象绑定到新唯一名称。
唯一名称(Unique Name)：CCN中的名称通常是与位置无关的，唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发装置不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何，可以使用名称或名称前缀将包向生成或存储内容对象的网络节点转发。在一些实施例中，名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。 HSVLI可以分成几个分层组成，这些组成可以以各种方式构造。例如，个别的名称组成parc、home、ccn和test.txt可以以左对齐的前缀为主的方式构造，形成名称“/parc/home/ndn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。附加组成可以用来区分内容项目的不同形式，诸如合作文档。HSVLI还可以包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成。
在一些实施例中，名称可以包括标识符，诸如由内容对象的数据(例如检验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的组成元素导出的散列值。基于散列的名称的描述在美国专利申请号13/847,814中描述。名称还可以是扁平标签(flat label)。后面，“名称”用来指在命名数据网络中一条数据的任何名称，诸如层次名称或名称前缀，扁平名称(flat name)，固定长度的名称，任意长度的名称，或者标签(例如多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(或“Interest”)：指示对一条数据的请求的包，包括该条数据的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以在信息中心网络中传播请求或兴趣， CCN/NDN路由器可以向可以提供请求数据以满足请求或兴趣的存储装置 (例如缓存服务器)或数据生产者播送。
此外，“LCI”或“lci”指标记的内容信息，它是名称片段携带标签的依从统一资源定位器(URI)的标识符。诸如CCN的网络协议可以通过将特定标签应用于URI的每个名称片段来使用标记的内容信息。在分层结构的名称中，标记的内容名称给每个片段分配语义类型或标签。例如，名称片段的类型可以包括为具有任意八字节的通用名称片段的名称片断，这允许CCN对消息使用二进制在线(on-the-wire)表示。
本文中公开的方法不局限于CCN网络，还可以应用于其它架构。CCN 架构的描述在美国专利申请号12/338,175中描述。
示例性网络和通信
图1图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的示例性环境100。计算环境100可以包括计算机网络102，诸如 CCN。环境100还可以包括与本地计算装置104关联的用户106和远程计算装置108。装置104和108可以有通过网络102相互交换网络包的内部传输堆栈(例如，分别与传输框架130和170关联)。
装置104可以包括耦连到网络102的任何计算装置，诸如智能手机 104.1、平板计算机104.2和/或服务器或个人计算机104.m。具体地，装置 104可以包括应用110、用于信息和数据框架(“IDF”)114的信息和数据框架接口(“IDI”)112、端口API 120、传输框架130和转发器140。装置104可以通过应用110向IDF 114发送CRUD消息122(例如，创建、读取、更新和删除文件I/O命令)来执行文件I/O和网络通信，此消息122 通过IDI 112接收。基于CRUD消息122，IDF 114可以生成并通过端口 API 120和传输框架130向网络102发送兴趣124。兴趣124可以通过关联的传输堆栈131的内部堆栈组件134.1-134.n发送，一直发送到转发器140。注意，传输框架130可以包括一个或多个传输堆栈，每个传输堆栈包括多个堆栈组件或通信模块。在图1中，传输框架130描绘了单个传输堆栈(例如传输堆栈131)。另外，单个传输堆栈(例如传输堆栈131)与单个端口 API实例(例如端口API 120)关联。
装置104的转发器140(例如局域网中的网络接口卡或路由器)能够在传输框架130的堆栈(和各个堆栈组件)和网络102之间传输包。例如，转发器140能够基于其转发信息库(FIB)中的信息通过网络102向适当的下一跳节点发送或转发兴趣124。转发器140还能够响应于兴趣124接收内容对象126，通过端口API 120和IDF 114将内容对象126传送回应用110。IDF 114然后能够通过IDI 112向应用110传送回适当的返回CRUD 消息122。
装置108可以包括耦连到网络102的任何计算装置，诸如服务器、终端主机装置、内容生产装置或存储服务器。具体地，装置108可以包括应用150、用于IDF 154的IDI 152、端口API 160、传输框架170(其包括单个传输堆栈171)和转发器180。装置108通过应用150经由IDI 152向IDF 154发送CRUD消息162来执行文件I/O和网络通信。基于CRUD消息162， IDF154能够生成并经由端口API 160和传输框架170向网络102发送兴趣164。兴趣164能够通过关联的传输堆栈171的内部堆栈组件174.1-174.p 发送，一直发送到转发器180。转发器180然后能够基于其FIB中的信息通过网络102向适当的下一跳节点发送或转发兴趣164。转发器180还能够响应于兴趣164接收内容对象166，并将内容对象166通过端口API 160 和IDF154传送回应用150。IDF 154然后能够通过IDI 152将适当的返回 CRUD消息162传送回应用150。
IDF 114和154还能够分别通过端口API 120和端口API 160接收兴趣，并在不涉及上一应用层(例如分别是应用110和150)的情况下经由相同的相应端口返回响应的内容对象。这样，装置能够充当消费者或生产者(如关于图4A和4B描绘的)或远程存储节点(如关于图4C描绘的)。
示例性信息和数据框架
图2图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的示例性信息和数据框架。应用210可以驻存在任何计算装置中(例如关于图1描述的装置104或108)。应用210能够通过单个标准接口：信息和数据框架(“IDF”)214的信息和数据接口(“IDI”)212，执行文件I/O 和网络通信。IDF 214能够与本地操作系统接口，访问物理附连的装置或资源，诸如存储装置250、计算装置252、许可和策略服务器254和本地密钥链数据存储256。IDF 214能够与这些资源协作以确定上一级客户端是否能够执行例如读和写命令。IDF 214还能够与外部服务(诸如若干身份服务258)通信，以获得认证信息和其它相关数据。这些外部服务还可以提供访问受访问控制形式保护的内容(例如加密数据)所需的密码秘密。
应用210能够通过网络202经由IDF 214的IDI 212发送CRUD命令 222来通信。IDF214能够与其本地附连装置(例如验证许可或策略)或外部服务(例如获得认证信息)协作。基于CRUD命令222和任何从其它处获得的信息，IDF 214能够生成并经由端口API 220和传输框架230向网络202发送兴趣224。兴趣224能够通过传输框架230的传输堆栈231的堆栈组件传送。传输框架230可以包括一个或多个传输堆栈，每个传输堆栈包括多个堆栈组件或通信模块。在图2中，传输框架230描绘了一个传输堆栈(例如传输堆栈231)，其包括堆栈组件232、234、236和238。API 适配器232能够在API和传输框架230的特定传输堆栈之间通信。流量控制器234能够成形和管理通信量、用管线发送兴趣以及预订内容对象。验证器/签名器236能够对目的地为网络元件的内容对象编码并签名，解码并验证目的地为应用的内容对象，编码目的地为网络元件的兴趣，并解码目的地为应用的兴趣。转发器/适配器238能够与转发器240通信。转发器 240能够通过网络202与其它转发器通信，包括转发兴趣224。其它堆栈组件(未显示)可以包括与安全性(例如加密、解密、认证、数据签名、签名验证、信任评估和过滤)、数据处理(例如编码、解码、封装、解封装、转码、压缩、提取和解压缩)和存储(例如数据存储、从存储器检索数据、去重复(deduplication)、片断和版本化)有关的功能。
转发器240还能够通过网络202接收内容。例如，转发器240能够经由端口API 220接收并通过堆栈231向IDF 214传送内容对象226。IDF 214 能够根据需要处理内容对象226(例如通过在本地附连的存储装置250或本地缓存中存储内容对象226，或通过认证或解密内容对象226)。IDF 214 随后能够将与内容对象226对应的内容经由IDI 212传送回应用210，作为响应的CRUD命令222。
在一些实施例中，应用210能够基于名称发送与所指示的数据有关的 CRUD命令222，所指示的数据可以已经驻存于本地缓存或本地附连到IDF 214的存储装置。在这种情况下，代替生成兴趣224并接收内容对象226 (如上文描述的)，IDF 214对本地数据执行所请求的CRUD命令222，并将适当的响应CRUD命令222返回应用210。
因此，IDF 214经由IDI 212提供促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个标准接口的系统。驻存在任何装置(例如客户端计算装置、内容生产装置、存储服务器等)上的任何应用能够在CCN中生成CRUD命令，这允许系统既执行文件操作(例如经由CRUD命令222)又进行网络通信(例如通过基于经由IDF 214的IDI 212接收的CRUD命令222向网络202发送兴趣224)。
示例性CRUD API
图3呈现一个表300，该表示出根据本发明的实施例将CRUD命令映射到信息和数据框架中的单个接口API。表300包括具有以下三个字段的条目：CRUD命令302字段，其规定CRUD命令；函数签名304字段，其规定特定的CRUD命令的示例性格式；和描述306字段，其指示特定的 CRUD命令的目的和使用，包括相应的输入和输出。
表300可以包括创建312命令，它是使具有特定的LCI编码名称和 CCN访问控制规定(“ACS”)对象中编码的访问信息的文件可用的命令。创建312命令的示例性格式是：“(success,manifest)＝IDFCreate(lciName, ACS),”，其中，术语定义如下：“success”是创建命令是否成功的指示符，例如具有“ACS”访问控制的名称为“lciName”的文件是否被成功创建；“manifest”是表示请求要创建的名称为“lciName”的文件的数据集合；“IDFCreate”是创建数据的文件命令；“lciName”是与待创建的内容对应的CCN名称，其可以是HSVLI；“ACS”是包括关于可以如何访问内容的访问信息的CCNAccessControlSpecification(访问控制规定)对象。
表300还可以包括读取314命令，它是以特定偏置开始从给定的LCI 编码名称读取特定大小的数据的命令。读取命令的示例性格式是“buffer＝ IDFRead(lciName,numbytes＝0,offset＝0)”，其中，术语定义如下：“buffer”包含请求待读取的数据结果；“IDFRead”是读取数据的文件命令；“lciName”是与待读取的内容对应的CCN名称；“numbytes”是待读取的数据的字节数；“offset”指示应当从哪里读取数据的偏置。
表300还可以包括更新316命令，它是用特定偏置开始的特定数据更新特定LCI编码名称的文件的命令。更新命令的示例性格式是：“count＝ IDFUpdate(lciName,buffer,count,offset＝0)”，其中，术语定义如下：“count”是命令中提供的返回请求者以后续用于指示成功更新的指示符；“IDFUpdate”是更新数据的文件命令；“lciName”是与待被更新的内容对应的CCN名称；“buffer”包含用于更新的新数据；“count”是命令中提供的返回请求者以后续用在指示成功更新的指示符；“offset”指示应当从哪里开始更新数据的偏置。
表300还可以包括删除318命令，它是删除特定LCI编码名称的文件或使之前可用的文件不可用的命令。删除命令的示例性格式是“success＝ IDFDelete(lciName)”，其中，术语定义如下：“success”是删除命令是否成功的指示符；“lciName”是与待删除的内容对应的CNN名称。
生产者和消费者/存储之间的示例性通信
图4A呈现根据本发明的实施例生产者应用150、生产者IDF 154、客户端IDF 114和客户端应用110之间的示例性通信400，其中，客户端应用110生成读取内容的命令。生产者应用150、生产者IDF 154、客户端 IDF 114和客户端应用110可以对应于图1中描绘的相同实体。生产者应用150能够生成“CREATE(name，ACS)”402命令，该命令由生产者IDF 154(通过生产者IDI 152，图4A中未显示)接收。IDF 154能够执行创建内容/清单函数404。IDF 154能够通过创建具有“name”名称的清单，创建与lciName或CCN名称对应的内容，其中，清单是由其相应的名称和摘要指示的内容对象的集合。CCN清单，包括对处理效率和后续验证的聚合签名在美国专利申请号14/231,515中描述。IDF 154随后能够向生产者应用150返回创建的内容/清单，如表示“RETURN(manifest)”406通信中的返回数据的虚线所示的。通信406还可以包括创建所请求的数据成功的指示符。
生产者应用150还能够生成“UPDATE(name,data)”408命令，该命令由生产者IDF154接收。IDF 154能够通过写“data”中包含的新数据执行与CCN名称“name”对应的数据的更新内容/清单函数410。命令408 还可以包括“name”文件中开始写“data”的偏置，以及随后能够被返回以指示更新所请求的数据成功的“count”。IDF 154随后能够向生产者应用150返回“count”，如表示“RETURN(count)”412通信中返回指示符的虚线示出的。
客户端应用110能够生成“READ(name)”420命令，该命令由客户端IDF 114(经由客户端IDI 112，图4A中未显示)接收。IDF 114能够针对CCN名称为“name”的数据生成“INTEREST(name)”422。兴趣422 可以经由转发器行进通过网络，之后到达生产者IDF 154(如关于图1描述的)。生产者IDF 154能够确定它已经访问名称“name”的数据(例如或者在本地缓存中，或者在本地附连的或可访问的存储装置中)，并在“MANIFEST(name)”424通信中将数据返回客户端IDF 114。客户端IDF 114能够确定返回的内容是清单，并执行“GetAll Content in Manifest(name)”(得到清单中的所有内容)函数426。例如，IDF 114能够递归地获得根清单指向的所有内容对象的数据(例如通过发送兴趣428的集合)。IDF 114可以使用预定策略将数据分区级联或合并成客户端能够重复的单一一项数据。IDF 114随后能够接收响应的内容对象430。IDF 114 还能够通过由清单的ACS字段确定必要信息来解密任何加密的数据。ACS 字段(或对象)可以包括识别可应用于内容的访问策略控制以及由例如图 2的(若干)外部身份服务258获得或检索适当的密码密钥的信息。最后， IDF 114能够给客户端应用110返回缓存器中的清单或数据，如表示在“RETURN(buffer)”432通信中返回数据的虚线示出的。注意，初始读取命令420还可以包括从文件“name”读取的数据的字节数和文件“name”中开始读取的偏置。
生产者应用150还能够生成“DELETE(name)”414命令，该命令由生产者IDF 154接收。IDF 154能够通过删除与CCN名称“name”对应的文件执行与名称“name”对应的数据的删除内容/文件函数416。IDF 154能够随后向生产者应用150返回“success”指示符，如表示“RETURN(success)”418通信中返回指示符的虚线示出的。
有权创建、发布、更新或删除内容的任何网络节点或实体能够生成CRUD命令以创建、更新或删除内容。任何网络节点或实体能够生成CRUD 命令以从文件读取内容或从网络检索内容。例如，生产者节点(例如经由生产者应用150)能够创建、更新和删除名称“name”的数据，而消费者节点(例如通过客户端应用110)能够读取名称“name”的数据。
同时，客户端节点或中间节点还能够充当可以满足读取请求的生产者节点(例如，如果所请求的内容存在于本地缓存中、内容存储中或客户端节点或中间节点可访问的其它装置中)。例如，图4B呈现根据本发明的实施例生产者应用150、生产者IDF 154、客户端IDF114和客户端应用110 之间的示例性通信440，其中，生产者应用150生成读取内容的命令。创建、更新和删除通信流(例如分别是402-406，408-412和414-418)与关于图4A的通信400描绘和描述的相同。图4A和4B之间的主要差别是在图4A中，客户端应用110是生成读取命令的网络实体(对于名称为“name”的数据，该数据之前由生产者应用150创建)，而在图4B中，生产者应用 150是生成读取命令的网络实体(对于名称为“name1”的数据)。因此，图4B图解说明客户端应用或节点充当生产者应用150的生产者节点的情况。
操作中，生产者应用150能够生成“READ(name1)”442命令，该命令由生产者IDF154接收(经由生产者IDI 152，图4B中未显示)。IDF 154 能够对CCN名称为“name1”的数据生成“INTEREST(name1)”444。兴趣444可以经由转发器行进通过网络之后到达客户端IDF114。客户端IDF 114能够确定它已经访问名称为“name1”的数据(例如或者在本地缓存或者在本地附连的或可访问的存储装置中)，并在“MANIFEST(name1)”446 通信中将数据返回生产者IDF 154。生产者IDF 154能够确定返回的内容是清单，并执行“Get All Content inManifest(name1)”(得到清单中的所有内容)函数448。例如，IDF 154能够递归地获得由根清单指向的所有内容对象的数据(例如通过发送兴趣450的集合)。IDF 154可以使用预定策略将数据分区级联或合并成客户端可以重复的单一一项数据。IDF 154随后能够接收响应的内容对象452。IDF 154还能够通过由清单的ACS字段确定必要信息来解密任何加密的数据。最后，IDF 154能够将缓冲器中的清单或数据返回生产者应用150，如表示“RETURN(buffer)”454通信中数据返回的虚线所示的。注意，初始读取命令442还可以包括从文件“name1”读取的数据的字节数和从文件“name1”内开始读取的偏置。
在图4A中，基于相应的CRUD命令中指定的名称，指示的数据(例如被创建、更新、删除和读取的内容)存储在生产者节点的本地缓存或者在本地可访问的存储装置中。在一些实施例中，所指示的数据可以不存储在本地。例如，生产者节点通过使用相同的CRUD函数能够创建、存储、更新和删除远程机(例如如图1描述的存储服务器114)上的文件。可能要求生产者节点向存储服务器提供适当的认证。图4C呈现根据本发明的实施例生产者应用150、生产者IDF 154、存储IDF 114和存储应用110之间的示例性通信460，其中，通信460包括认证过程。
操作中，生产者应用150能够生成“CREATE(name,ACS)”462命令，该命令由生产者IDF 154(经由生产者IDI 152，图4A中未显示)接收。 IDF 154能够确定命令要被发送到另一网络实体(例如，远程存储服务器，诸如图1的装置108)，并生成有效载荷464.1为“CREATE,auth_token”的“INTEREST(name)”464兴趣。兴趣464指示创建名称“name”的数据的请求，另一请求指示存储服务器用来认证生产者节点的认证令牌 (“auth_token”)。存储IDF 114能够接收兴趣464，并基于包括的认证令牌执行认证函数466。存储IDF 114能够创建兴趣464中请求的内容(创建内容函数468)。存储IDF 114可以与存储应用110通信或不与其通信以执行函数466和468。存储IDF 114可以创建形式为清单的内容，并且能够随后将清单返回生产者应用IDF 154，如表示“MANIFEST(name)”470 通信中返回数据的虚线显示的。生产者IDF 154然后能够在“RETURN(manifest)”472通信中将数据返回生产者应用150。通信472 还可以包括创建所请求数据成功的指示符。
尽管图4C的通信460描绘了在兴趣464中包括认证令牌，但生产者 IDF 154和存储IDF 114可以通过其它方法参与认证过程，诸如通过之前分享的对称密钥，使用由受信的第三方认证或签名服务准许的数字证书或其它类似方法。
类似地，生产者应用150能够生成“UPDATE(name,data)”474命令，该命令由生产者IDF 154接收。IDF 154能够生成有效载荷476.1为“UPDATE,auth_token”的“INTEREST(name)”476兴趣。兴趣476指示更新名称为“name”的数据的请求，并进一步指示认证令牌。存储IDF 114 能够接收兴趣476，并基于包括的认证令牌执行认证函数478。存储IDF 114能够更新兴趣476中请求的内容(更新内容函数480)。存储IDF 114可以与存储应用110通信或不与其通信以执行函数478和480。存储IDF 114 随后可以向生产者应用IDF 154返回更新的清单，如表示“MANIFEST(name)”482通信中返回数据的虚线示出的。生产者IDF 154 然后能够在“RETURN(count)”484通信中向生产者应用150返回数据。
此外，生产者应用150能够生成“DELETE(name)”486命令，该命令由生产者IDF 154接收。IDF 154能够生成有效载荷488.1为“DELETE, auth_token”的“INTEREST(name)”488兴趣。兴趣488指示删除名称为“name”的数据的请求，并进一步指示认证令牌。存储IDF 114能够接收兴趣488，并基于包括的认证令牌执行认证函数490。存储IDF 114能够删除兴趣488中请求的内容(删除内容函数492)。存储IDF 114可以与存储应用110通信或不与其通信，以执行函数490和492。存储IDF 114随后能够向生产者应用IDF 154返回删除命令的应答，如由表示“ACK(name)” 494通信中的应答的虚线示出的。生产者IDF 154然后能够在“RETURN(count)”496通信中向生产者应用150返回成功的指示符。
内容生产装置中IDF组件的角色
图5A呈现一流程图500，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例内容生产装置促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的方法，包括生成创建和更新内容的命令。操作中，系统通过内容生产装置的IDF组件(例如 IDF 154)从本地应用(例如应用150)接收第一命令以创建内容，其中，第一命令包括内容的名称和访问控制信息(操作502)。系统创建第一清单，第一清单是由名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，第一清单的名称是与第一命令对应的内容名称，并且其中，访问第一清单基于第一命令中包括的访问控制信息(操作504)。响应于创建清单，系统将第一清单和创建第一清单成功的指示符发送到本地应用(操作506)。系统在本地缓存或系统可访问的存储装置中存储第一清单和成员内容对象(操作508)。
系统接收第二命令以用新数据更新内容，其中，第二命令包括：第一清单名称或第一清单中指示的成员内容对象的名称；具有用于更新的新数据的缓冲器；后续用在指示成功更新的计数；第一清单或待写入新数据的成员内容对象内的偏置(操作510)。系统通过将缓冲器中的新数据写入第一清单或从指示的偏置开始的成员内容对象来更新第一清单或成员内容对象(操作512)。响应于成功更新第一清单或成员内容对象，系统将计数返回本地应用(操作514)。操作如图5B的标记A描述的继续。
图5B呈现一流程图520，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例内容生产装置促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的方法，包括生成删除内容的命令。操作中，系统通过内容生产装置的IDF组件从本地应用接收第三命令以删除内容，其中，第三命令包括第一清单名称或待删除的成员内容对象的名称(操作522)。系统从本地缓存或系统可访问的存储装置删除第一清单或成员内容对象(操作524)。响应于删除第一清单或成员内容对象，系统将删除内容成功的指示符发送到本地应用(操作526)。
图5C呈现一流程图540，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例内容生产装置促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的方法，包括生成读取内容的命令。操作中，系统通过内容生产装置的IDF组件从本地应用接收第四命令以读取内容，其中，第四命令包括：为HSVLI的第二内容名称；待读取的数据的字节数；待由其读取数据的偏置(操作542)。系统判断所请求的内容在本地缓存或系统可访问的存储装置中是否可用(判断 544)。如果可用，则系统将内容发送到本地应用(操作554)。如果不可用，则系统生成名称为第二内容名称的兴趣，其中，兴趣被发送到远程装置(操作546)。响应于兴趣，系统接收第二清单，第二清单为通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，第二清单的名称是与第四命令对应的第二内容名称(操作548)。系统能够生成对第二清单中成员内容对象的兴趣的集合，其中，兴趣被发送到远程装置(操作550)。响应于兴趣，系统能够接收对应的成员内容对象(操作552)。最后，系统向本地应用发送第二清单或成员内容对象(操作554)。
示例性计算机系统
图6图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进用于文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的示例性计算机系统602。计算机系统602包括处理器604、存储器606和存储装置608。存储器606可以包括充当管理存储器的易失性存储器(例如RAM)，并且可以用来存储一个或多个内存池。而且，计算机系统602可以耦连到显示装置610、键盘612和定位装置614。存储装置608可以存储操作系统616、内容处理系统618和数据632。
内容处理系统618可以包括指令，这些指令在由计算机系统602执行时可以引起计算机系统602执行本申请中描述的方法和/或过程。具体地，内容处理系统618可以包括用于从计算机网络(诸如内容中心网络)上的其它网络节点接收数据包和/或向其发送数据包并用于在驻存在相同的计算装置上的应用、IDF组件、CCN端口、传输堆栈和转发器之间发送包的指令(通信模块620)。数据包可以包括名称为HSVLI的兴趣包或内容对象包。而且，内容处理系统618可以包括用于从本地应用接收第一命令以创建内容的指令，其中，第一命令包括内容的名称和指示如何可以访问内容的访问控制信息(通信模块620)。
内容处理系统618还可以包括用于创建第一清单的指令，第一清单是通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，第一清单的名称是与第一命令对应的内容名称，其中，访问清单基于第一命令中包括的访问控制信息(内容处理模块622)。内容处理系统618可以包括用于向本地应用发送第一清单和创建第一清单成功的指示符的指令(通信模块 620)。内容处理系统618还可以包括用于在本地缓存或计算机系统可访问的存储装置中存储第一清单和成员内容对象的指令(内容存储模块624)。
内容处理系统618还可以包括用于从本地应用接收第二命令以用新数据更新内容的指令，其中，第二命令包括：第一清单名称或第一清单中指示的成员内容对象的名称；包含用于更新的新数据的缓冲器；后续用来指示成功更新的计数；和第一清单内或由此写入新数据的成员内容对象内的偏置(通信模块620)。内容处理系统618可以包括用于通过将缓冲器中的新数据写入第一清单或从偏置开始的成员内容对象来更新第一清单或成员内容对象的指令(内容处理模块622)。内容处理系统618可以包括用于将计数返回本地应用的指令(通信模块620)。
内容处理系统618另外可以包括用于从本地应用接收第三命令以删除内容的指令，其中，第三命令包括第一清单名称或待删除的成员内容对象的名称(通信模块620)。内容处理系统618还可以包括用于从本地缓存或计算机系统可访问的存储装置删除第一清单或成员内容对象的指令(内容处理模块622)。内容处理系统618可以包括用于将删除内容成功的指示符发送到本地应用的指令(通信模块620)。
内容处理系统618可以包括用于接收第四命令以读取内容的指令，其中，第四命令包括为HSVLI的第二内容名称，待读取的数据的字节数和待读取数据的偏置(通信模块620)。内容处理系统618可以包括用于响应于确定内容在本地缓存或计算机系统可访问的存储装置中可用(内容读取模块626)，将内容发送到本地应用的指令(通信模块620)。内容处理系统618可以包括用于响应于确定内容在本地缓存或计算机系统可访问的存储装置中不可用(内容读取模块626)，执行以下操作的指令，这些操作的指令有：生成名称为第二内容名称的兴趣，其中，兴趣发送到远程装置(兴趣生成模块628)；接收第二清单，第二清单为通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，第二清单的名称是与第四命令对应的第二内容名称(通信模块620)；将第二清单发送到本地应用(通信模块620)。
内容处理系统618还可以包括用于生成对第二清单中成员内容对象的兴趣的集合的指令(兴趣生成模块628)。内容处理系统618可以包括用于接收相应的成员内容对象并将成员内容对象发送到本地应用的指令(通信模块620)。
内容处理系统618还可以包括用于响应于从本地应用接收第五命令以基于内容的名称创建、更新或删除内容的指令(通信模块620)，生成具有内容名称和包括创建、更新或删除内容的命令的有效载荷的兴趣，其中，有效载荷还包括认证信息(兴趣生成模块628)。内容处理系统618还可以包括用于基于第一命令中包括的访问控制信息确定请求实体是否可以访问与第一清单关联的内容的指令(认证模块630)。
数据632可以包括通过本申请中描述的方法和/或过程作为输入请求的或作为输出生成的任何数据。具体地，数据632可以存储至少：名称；内容名称；兴趣名称；为HSVLI的名称；命令；基于名称创建、读取、删除或更新内容的命令；清单；由名称和清单指示的清单的一个或多个成员内容对象；清单名称；缓冲器；计数；偏置；成功指示符；待读取的数据的字节数；本地应用；端口实例；传输或协议堆栈；用作本地应用和与传输堆栈关联的端口实例之间的接口的组件；传输框架；信息和数据框架；信息和传输框架的接口；一个或多个堆栈组件；转发器和本地缓存或内容存储。
在此详细描述中描述的数据结构和代码通常存储于计算机可读存储介质上，计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储代码和/或数据以由计算机系统使用的任何装置或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁和光存储装置(诸如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用盘或数字视频盘))或能够存储计算机可读介质的现在已知或以后开发的其它介质。
在详细描述部分描述的方法和过程可以体现为代码和/或数据，这些代码和/或数据可以存储在如上文描述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读、执行计算机可读存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储于计算机可读存储介质中的方法和过程。
而且，上面描述的方法和过程可以包括于硬件模块中。例如，硬件模块可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA)、现在已知或以后开发的其它可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块被激活时，他们执行硬件模块中包括的方法和过程。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于促进文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的计算机系统，所述接口被实施在内容中心网络CCN外部的本地应用与所述CCN中的CCN端口之间，以使得与所述CCN通信的所述本地应用能够读取和操作所述CCN中的数据，所述系统包括：
处理器；以及
存储指令的存储装置，所述指令在由所述处理器执行时引起所述处理器执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
从所述本地应用接收第一命令以创建内容，其中，所述第一命令包括所述内容的名称和指示如何访问所述内容的访问控制信息，其中，所述内容的名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符；
创建第一清单，所述第一清单是通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的所述CCN中的内容对象，其中，所述第一清单的名称是与所述第一命令对应的内容名称，其中，访问所述清单基于所述第一命令中包括的访问控制信息；以及
将所述第一清单和创建所述第一清单成功的指示符发送到所述本地应用，从而促进所述本地应用的接口处理所述内容中心网络中的网络数据。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
从所述本地应用接收第二命令以用新数据更新所述内容，其中，所述第二命令包括：所述第一清单名称或如所述第一清单中指示的成员内容对象的名称；包含用于更新的所述新数据的缓冲区；后续用在指示成功更新的计数；和所述第一清单内或待写入所述新数据的成员内容对象内的偏置；
通过将所述缓冲区中的新数据写入所述第一清单或从所述偏置开始的成员内容对象，更新所述第一清单或成员内容对象；以及
将所述计数返回所述本地应用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
在本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中存储所述第一清单和所述成员内容对象。
4.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
从所述本地应用接收第三命令以删除内容，其中，所述第三命令包括所述第一清单的名称或待删除的成员内容对象的名称；
从本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中删除所述第一清单或所述成员内容对象；以及
将删除内容成功的指示符发送到所述本地应用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
接收第四命令以读取内容，其中，所述第四命令包括：第二内容名称，所述第二内容名称为包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符；待读取的数据的字节数；以及待读取数据的偏置；
响应于确定所述内容在本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中可用，将所述内容发送到所述本地应用；以及
响应于确定所述内容在本地缓存或所述计算机系统可访问的存储装置中不可用：
生成名称为所述第二内容名称的兴趣，其中，所述兴趣发送到远程装置；
接收第二清单，所述第二清单为通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，所述第二清单的名称是与所述第四命令对应的第二内容名称；以及
将所述第二清单发送到所述本地应用。
6.一种用于促进文件I/O和网络通信的单个接口的计算机实现的方法，所述接口被实施在内容中心网络CCN外部的本地应用与所述CCN中的CCN端口之间，以使得与所述CCN通信的所述本地应用能够读取和操作所述CCN中的数据，所述方法包括：
通过内容生产装置从所述本地应用接收第一命令以创建内容，其中，所述第一命令包括所述内容的名称和指示如何访问所述内容的访问控制信息，其中，所述内容的名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符；
创建第一清单，所述第一清单是通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的所述CCN中的内容对象，其中，所述第一清单的名称是与所述第一命令对应的内容名称，其中，访问所述清单基于所述第一命令中包括的访问控制信息；以及
将所述第一清单和创建所述第一清单成功的指示符发送到所述本地应用，从而促进所述本地应用的接口处理所述内容中心网络中的网络数据。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
从所述本地应用接收第二命令以用新数据更新所述内容，其中，所述第二命令包括：所述第一清单的名称或如所述第一清单中指示的成员内容对象的名称；包含用于更新的所述新数据的缓冲区；后续用在指示成功更新的计数；和所述第一清单内或待写入所述新数据的成员内容对象内的偏置；
通过将所述缓冲区中的新数据写入所述第一清单或从所述偏置开始的成员内容对象，更新所述第一清单或所述成员内容对象；以及
将所述计数返回所述本地应用。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
在本地缓存或内容生产装置可访问的存储装置中存储所述第一清单和所述成员内容对象。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
从所述本地应用接收第三命令以删除内容，其中，所述第三命令包括所述第一清单的名称或待删除的成员内容对象的名称；
从本地缓存或所述内容生产装置可访问的存储装置中删除所述第一清单或所述成员内容对象；以及
将删除内容成功的指示符发送到所述本地应用。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
接收第四命令以读取内容，其中，所述第四命令包括：第二内容名称，所述第二内容名称为包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符；待读取的数据的字节数；和待读取数据的偏置；
响应于确定所述内容在本地缓存或所述内容生产装置可访问的存储装置中可用，将所述内容发送到所述本地应用；以及
响应于确定所述内容在本地缓存或所述内容生产装置可访问的存储装置中不可用：
生成名称为所述第二内容名称的兴趣，其中，所述兴趣发送到远程装置；
接收第二清单，所述第二清单为通过名称和摘要指示成员内容对象的集合的内容对象，其中，所述第二清单的名称是与所述第四命令对应的第二内容名称；以及
将所述第二清单发送到所述本地应用。
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