CN106554378B - 两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN106554378B
CN106554378B CN201610949725.4A CN201610949725A CN106554378B CN 106554378 B CN106554378 B CN 106554378B CN 201610949725 A CN201610949725 A CN 201610949725A CN 106554378 B CN106554378 B CN 106554378B
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王勉
王坚毅
陈政君
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Abstract

本发明公开了具有通式I、II的两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物。研究表明,所得的两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物为水溶性较好且pH敏感,可作为监测pH变化的荧光探针,直接用于溶液中监测pH的变化,在监测细胞和环境中的pH变化研究与应用具有重要的科学意义;同时发现这两类化合物在pH 4.35‑7.5范围内,酸性越大,荧光强度均越来越强,而且能在肝癌细胞(HepG2)中微酸性条件下被“点亮”,释放出较强的红色荧光,并靶向定位于溶酶体。同时,发明人建立了相应化合物的制备方法,该法运用点击化学反应技术,合成简单、科学。

Description

两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学与环境监测领域,尤其涉及两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
罗丹明类化合物具有高量子产率、高消光系数、极好的光稳定性、激发波长较长、检测灵敏度高、价格便宜等诸多优点,而且在不同pH条件下表现出荧光“开-关”效应(碱性条件下闭环后猝灭荧光,酸性条件下开环后发出荧光)。
罗丹明B的结构和荧光开关机理如下:
由于闭环后的罗丹明水溶性较差,严重限制了其在监测细胞和环境pH变化的应用。因此,对关环的罗丹明进行改性以提高其水溶性具有重要的科学意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物及其制备方法和应用,具体是两类水溶性较好pH敏感的糖基罗丹明衍生物以及其合成方法和在监测细胞和环境pH 变化方面的应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物,具有以下通式:
通式I、II中,为多羟基糖基。
通式I、II中,通式I的化合物为:
通式II的化合物为:
上述两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物的制备方法,首先通过环化反应将罗丹明B关环得到荧光猝灭的罗丹明衍生物,然后在氢化钠催化下分别与不同末端炔基化合物进行亲核取代反应得到含有不同末端炔基的罗丹明衍生物,该类化合物再与全乙酰糖基叠氮经过铜(I) 催化点击化学反应以及脱乙酰化反应得到目标化合物。
全乙酰糖基叠氮为乙酰化保护后的多羟基糖基叠氮。
上述两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物在监测细胞pH或环境pH变化方面的应用。
上述两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物在制备监测肝癌细胞的药物中的应用。
具有多个羟基的糖是人类重要的营养物质,具有较强的亲水性,而且绿色环保。因此,在罗丹明引入亲水性的糖类物质,是增强罗丹明水溶性的重要思路。
为此,发明人针对闭环后的罗丹明水溶性较差等缺点,在闭环的罗丹明结构中引入两、三簇糖基,设计合成了具有通式I、II的两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物(系列糖基1,2,3-三唑罗丹明衍生物)。研究表明,所得的两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物为水溶性较好且pH敏感,可作为监测pH变化的荧光探针,直接用于溶液中监测pH的变化,在监测细胞和环境中的pH变化研究与应用具有重要的科学意义。同时发现这两类化合物在pH 4.35-7.5范围内,酸性越大,荧光强度均越来越强,而且能在肝癌细胞(HepG2)中微酸性条件下被“点亮”,释放出较强的红色荧光,并靶向定位于溶酶体。同时,发明人建立了相应化合物的制备方法,该法运用点击化学反应技术,合成简单、科学。
与现有技术相比,本发明的突出优点在于:
(1)本发明以罗丹明B为原料,将其闭环引入糖基1,2,3-三唑,合成了糖基1,2, 3-三唑罗丹明衍生物,其水溶性好、可直接应用于监测细胞和环境pH变化;
(2)本发明引入的基团为糖基1,2,3-三唑,糖类物质是人类重要的营养物质,具有较强的亲水性,而且绿色环保;
(3)本发明糖基1,2,3-三唑罗丹明荧光探针的合成方法简单、科学;
(4)本发明合成的糖基1,2,3-三唑罗丹明荧光探针在pH为4.5-7.5的缓冲溶液体系中,pH越小荧光强度越强,是潜在的肿瘤细胞内响应pH的荧光开关探针。
(5)本发明合成的糖基1,2,3-三唑罗丹明荧光探针在肝癌细胞HepG2中能被“点亮”,释放出较强的红色荧光,并靶向定位于溶酶体。
(6)本发明糖基1,2,3-三唑罗丹明衍生物能应用于生物医学与环境监测领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物pH响应的荧光测试曲线图,图中:a、b、c、d、e、f分别表为化合物7、13、16、18、21、23的测试曲线,曲线中从上至下分别表示不同pH值条件下化合物的荧光强度。
图2是本发明两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物中通式I的合成线路图。
图3是本发明两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物中通式II的合成线路图。
具体实施方式
本发明的两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物可按图2和图3所示反应路线合成,具体制备方法为:首先通过环化反应将罗丹明B关环得到荧光猝灭的罗丹明衍生物,然后在氢化钠催化下分别与不同末端炔基化合物进行亲核取代反应得到含有不同末端炔基的罗丹明衍生物,该类化合物再与全乙酰糖基叠氮经过铜(I)催化点击化学反应以及脱乙酰化反应得到目标化合物。
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物及其制备方法的内容。
实施例1
在100mL的三口烧瓶中加入乙酸酐(30mL),冰水浴下逐滴加3滴70%的高氯酸,搅拌十分钟,分批加入D-半乳糖(5.00g),控制反应温度在30-40℃,反应1.5h后,将反应液冷却至15℃时加入赤磷(3.75g),再搅拌反应10分钟后缓慢滴加液溴(2.8 mL),并控制温度在20℃以下,滴加完后在15-20℃下搅拌0.5h,继续控制温度在20℃以下缓慢滴加去离子水(4.5mL),在15-20℃反应0.5h左右,放置室温反应2h,加入CH2Cl2(40mL),抽滤,将滤液倒入200mL冰水中,分出有机层,水层用CH2Cl2萃取(4×30 mL),合并有机层,有机相用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤至中性,再用饱和食盐水洗涤后用无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩后得到全乙酰溴代半乳糖,未经纯化直接进行下步反应。将上述得到的全乙酰溴代半乳糖溶于100mL DMSO,室温下分批加入NaN3(2.7g),室温反应2h,将反应液倾入400mL的去离子水中,CH2Cl2萃取(4×50mL),饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(PE/EA=4∶1),得到白色固体(7.25g,70%)。1H NMR (600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.44(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),5.18(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.05 (dd,J=10.3,3.3Hz,1H),4.62(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.22-4.15(m, 2H),4.03(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.19(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.08(s,3H), 2.01(s,3H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ170.37,170.11,169.99,169.37,88.31, 72.88,70.73,68.07,66.86,61.23,20.68,20.66,20.62,20.53.ESI-MS(m/z) 395.87(M+Na+).
将罗丹明B(10g)溶于甲醇(20mL)后加入乙醇胺(25mL),Ar保护,放置75℃油浴下回流至红色消失,冷切至室温,加入100mL去离子水,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(PE/EA=4∶1),得到灰白色固体1(3.84 g,35%)。1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.92(dd,J=5.6,3.0Hz,1H),7.46 (dd,J=5.6,3.1Hz,2H),7.09(dd,J=5.2,3.2Hz,1H),6.51(d,J =8.9Hz,2H),6.40(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),6.31(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,2H), 3.51-3.47(m,2H),3.36(q,J=7.0Hz,8H),3.32-3.29(m,2H),1.19 (t,J=7.1Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ170.10,153.92,153.28,148.90, 132.69,130.45,128.51,128.14,123.81,122.90,108.24,104.80,97.80, 65.87,62.68,62.66,44.65,44.37,12.61.
将丝氨醇(5g)溶于150mL的无水乙醇,加入100mL BOC酸酐(12g)无水乙醇溶液,室温反应6h,旋除溶剂,再用正庚烷重结晶得白色固体3(9.6g,91%)。1H NMR (600MHz,DMSO)δ4.51(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.35(m,5H),1.38(s,9H).
将粉状的KOH(3.05g)和无水THF(15mL)悬浮液冷却至0℃,Ar保护。将化合物 2(2.06g)溶于无水THF(10mL)后,逐滴加入反应液中,加完后0℃反应15min,逐滴加入4.7mL的溴丙炔,0℃反应5min后升温至35℃反应过夜,加入去离子水(100mL), CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离,得到黄色液体3 (2.467g,88%)。1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.18(d,J=2.3Hz,4H),3.94 (s,1H),3.65(dd,J=9.3,4.4Hz,2H),3.59(dd,J=8.9,6.1Hz,2H), 2.45(t,J=2.4Hz,2H),1.46(s,9H).ESI-MS(m/z)268.2[M+H+].
化合物3(2.4g)溶于30mL干燥的CH2Cl2,0℃下逐滴加入三氟乙酸(15mL),Ar 保护下室温反应3h,旋除溶剂,加入甲苯(6×10mL)带除多余的三氟乙酸后,加入15mL 干燥的CH2Cl2和4.5mL的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,Ar保护,冷却至0℃后逐滴加入30mL 混合液(1.2mL溴乙酰溴+30mL干燥的CH2Cl2),加完后自然升温至室温反应过夜,加入30mL CH2Cl2稀释,去离子水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,过柱分离(PE/EA=7∶1),得到淡黄色液体4(1.78g,68%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ6.81(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.26(dtt,J=8.7,5.6,4.5Hz,1H),4.19(dd,J=2.4,0.9Hz, 4H),3.89(s,2H),3.69(dd,J=9.4,4.5Hz,2H),3.62(dd,J=9.5,5.6Hz,2H),2.47(t,J=2.4Hz,2H).
将NaH(60%,0.407g)和无水THF(10mL)悬浮液冷却至0℃,Ar保护。将化合物1(1.31g)溶于无水THF(15mL)后,搅拌下逐滴加入反应液中,加完后0℃反应 30min,再将预先配置的溶液(1.04g化合物5+5mL无水THF)逐滴加入反应体系中,加完后放置室温反应过夜。加入去离子水猝灭反应,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水 Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析纯化(PE/EA=4∶1),得到灰白色固体5(1.3g,68%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95-7.91(m,1H),7.48-7.44(m,2H),7.13 -7.07(m,2H),6.46(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.39(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),6.29 (dd,J=8.9,2.5Hz,2H),4.30(dt,J=8.8,5.4Hz,1H),4.10(d,J =2.4Hz,4H),3.68-3.62(m,6H),3.42(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.35(q, J=7.1Hz,8H),3.07(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.40(t,J=2.3Hz,2H),1.18 (t,J=7.1Hz,12H).ESI-MS(m/z)693.4[M+H+].
将化合物5(1.27g)和化合物1(1.51g)溶于10mL THF,Ar保护,加入10mL抗坏血酸钠(0.29g)和CuSO4·5H2O(0.18g)去离子水溶液,室温反应过夜。加入去离子水,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH =40∶1),得到淡红色固体6(2.49g,94%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(s, 1H),7.90(s,1H),7.89-7.86(m,1H),7.48-7.41(m,2H),7.17(d, J=8.9Hz,1H),7.12-7.07(m,1H),6.43(dd,J=8.6,6.8Hz,2H), 6.37(d,J=2.1Hz,2H),6.29-6.23(m,2H),5.92(dd,J=9.3,2.8Hz, 2H),5.62(td,J=9.8,3.6Hz,2H),5.54(s,2H),5.29(td,J=10.4, 3.3Hz,2H),4.62-4.55(m,4H),4.32-4.26(m,3H),4.16(tdd,J= 18.1,11.4,6.8Hz,4H),3.65-3.60(m,3H),3.58(d,J=5.7Hz,2H), 3.53(dd,J=9.5,5.2Hz,1H),3.41(dd,J=10.9,5.9Hz,2H),3.33(q, J=7.0Hz,8H),3.03(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.20(s,6H),2.02(s,6H), 2.00(s,6H),1.84(s,3H),1.80(s,3H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).ESI-MS (m/z)1439.6[M+H+].
取1.7g化合物6溶于10mL干燥的甲醇,加入甲醇钠溶液调节pH至9-10,室温反应过夜,加入氢离子交换树脂调节pH至中性,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH= 20∶1-2∶1),得到淡红色固体7(0.99g,72%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.20(s, 1H),8.16(s,1H),7.90-7.88(m,1H),7.56-7.51(m,2H),7.08(dd, J=6.0,1.8Hz,1H),6.43(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),6.38(dd,J=8.8,0.6 Hz,2H),6.35-6.32(m,2H),5.58(dd,J=9.2,6.6Hz,2H),4.59- 4.50(m,4H),4.21-4.17(m,3H),3.99(d,J=3.0Hz,2H),3.87-3.83 (m,2H),3.74(dtdd,J=16.3,12.9,6.7,3.1Hz,6H),3.60-3.53(m, 6H),3.40-3.33(m,10H),3.03(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),1.15(q,J=6.8Hz, 12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ170.70,169.13,153.69,153.36,149.07,144.57, 132.87,130.63,128.34,128.25,123.70,122.65,122.60,122.45,108.18,104.69,97.59,88.81,78.52,73.93,70.05,69.43,68.99,68.96,68.58, 68.53,68.18,65.48,63.61,61.02,61.00,48.43,44.00,39.08,11.51. ESI-MS(m/z)1103.5[M+H+].HRMS(MALDI)calcd for C53H71N10O16:[M+H+]1103.5044, found 1103.5052.
实施例2
将5g三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶于30mL甲醇和30mL叔丁醇组成的混合溶液,搅拌下加入BOC酸酐(11.75g)叔丁醇(50mL)溶液,室温反应过夜,旋除溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯冷藏过夜,过滤得到白色固体8(8.5g,93%)。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ4.49(s, 3H),3.52(s,6H),1.37(s,9H).
将粉状的KOH(2.3g)和干燥的DMF(10mL)悬浮液冷却至0℃,Ar保护。将化合物8(1.5g)溶于无水THF(10mL)后,逐滴加入反应液中,加完后0℃反应10min,逐滴加入3.3mL的溴丙炔,0℃反应5min后升温至35℃反应过夜,加入去离子水(100 mL),CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(PE∶EA= 15∶1-8∶1),得到黄色液体9(1.4g,61%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.32(s, 1H),4.17(d,J=2.3Hz,6H),3.81(s,6H),2.45(t,J=2.3Hz,3H), 1.44(s,9H).
化合物9(1.27g)溶于15mL干燥的CH2Cl2,0℃下逐滴加入三氟乙酸(6mL),Ar 保护下室温反应3h,旋除溶剂,加入甲苯(6×10mL)带除多余的三氟乙酸后,加入10mL 干燥的CH2Cl2和1.7mL的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,Ar保护,冷却至0℃后逐滴加入20mL 混合液(0.41mL溴乙酰溴+20mL干燥的CH2Cl2),加完后自然升温至室温反应过夜,加入30mL CH2Cl2稀释,去离子水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,过柱分离(PE/EA=7∶1),得到淡黄色液体10(0.92g,68%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ6.70(s,1H),4.18 (d,J=2.4Hz,6H),3.87(s,6H),3.82(s,2H),2.47(t,J=2.3Hz, 3H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ165.39,79.40,74.81,68.14,59.76,58.70, 29.47.
将NaH(60%,0.2175g)和无水THF(5mL)悬浮液冷却至0℃,Ar保护。将化合物1(0.643g)溶于无水THF(5mL)后,逐滴加入反应液中,加完后0℃反应30min,再将预先配置的溶液(0.592g化合物10+5mL无水THF)逐滴加入反应体系中,加完后放置室温反应过夜。加入去离子水猝灭反应,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(PE/EA=1∶4),得到淡红色固体11(0.733g,72.8%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.94-7.91(m,1H),7.47-7.42(m,2H),7.11 -7.06(m,1H),6.82(s,1H),6.46(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.39(d,J=2.3 Hz,2H),6.29(dd,J=8.9,2.5Hz,2H),4.11(d,J=2.4Hz,6H),3.85 (s,6H),3.55(s,2H),3.42(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.35(q,J=7.1Hz, 8H),3.06(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.40(t,J=2.3Hz,3H),1.18(t,J=7.1 Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ169.47,168.35,153.67,153.20,148.83, 132.41,130.94,128.88,128.01,123.76,122.89,108.13,105.44,97.69,79.74,74.54,70.39,68.27,68.12,64.62,59.17,58.58,44.38,39.06, 12.61.ESI-MS(m/z)761.4[M+H+].
将化合物11(0.7g)和叠氮糖(1.13g)溶于10mL THF,Ar保护,加入10mL抗坏血酸钠(0.22g)和CuSO4·5H2O(0.14g)去离子水溶液,室温反应过夜。加入去离子水,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH =40∶1),得到淡红色固体12(1.46g,84%)。
取1.2g化合物12溶于15mL干燥的甲醇,加入甲醇钠溶液调节pH至9-10,室温反应过夜,加入氢离子交换树脂调节pH至中性,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH= 20∶1-1∶1),得到淡红色固体13(0.62g,70%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.19(s, 3H),7.89(m,1H),7.56-7.52(m,2H),7.10-7.04(m,1H),6.46-6.42 (m,4H),6.40-6.36(m,2H),5.62(d,J=9.2Hz,3H),4.57-4.51(m, 6H),4.23(t,J=9.3Hz,3H),4.02(d,J=3.2Hz,3H),3.89(t,J=6.3 Hz,3H),3.81-3.75(m,9H),3.74(s,6H),3.45(s,2H),3.42-3.35 (m,10H),3.03(td,J=5.9,1.9Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ170.42,169.09,153.83,153.30,149.04,144.55,132.80, 130.52,128.42,128.40,128.22,123.63,122.75,122.50,108.23,104.74, 97.59,88.78,78.52,73.91,70.06,69.57,69.02,67.91,67.49,65.34, 63.71,61.04,59.69,44.01,38.96,11.53.ESI-MS(m/z)1376.6[M+H+].HRMS(MALDI)calcd for C63H86N13O22:[M+H+]1376.6005,found 1376.5997.
实施例3
将化合物6(0.5g)和化合物14(1.0g)溶于10mL THF,Ar保护,加入10mL抗坏血酸钠(0.115g)和CuSO4·5H2O(0.07g)去离子水溶液,室温反应过夜。加入去离子水,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH =40∶1-20∶1),得到淡红色固体15(1.14g,78%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)67.90 -7.83(m,3H),7.46(dd,J=8.9,5.5Hz,2H),7.11(dd,J=5.2,2.6 Hz,1H),6.45(dt,J=8.9,4.6Hz,2H),6.39(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),6.30 -6.25(m,2H),5.91(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),5.51(td,J=9.4,4.4Hz,2H), 5.44(t,J=9.1Hz,2H),5.38(d,J=3.3Hz,2H),5.15(dd,J=10.3, 8.0Hz,2H),5.00(dd,J=10.4,3.4Hz,2H),4.61(dd,J=12.5,4.9Hz, 4H),4.57(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.51(d,J=11.1Hz,2H),4.29(dd,J= 10.5,5.2Hz,1H),4.19-4.11(m,6H),4.04(td,J=9.4,5.0Hz,2H),4.01-3.96(m,2H),3.93(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),3.65-3.58(m,5H),3.54 (dd,J=9.4,5.5Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=11.9,6.0Hz,2H),3.35(q,J =7.0Hz,8H),3.06(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.18(s,6H),2.08(m,18H), 1.99(s,6H),1.85(s,9H),1.82(s,3H),1.18(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).ESI-MS (m/z)2015.6[M+H+].
将化合物15(0.68g)溶于15mL的干燥甲醇溶液中,加入甲醇钠溶液调节pH至9-10,室温反应过夜,加入氢离子交换树脂调节pH至中性,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH =20∶1-2∶1),得到淡红色固体16(0.41g,85%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.19 (s,1H),8.16(s,1H),7.90-7.88(m,1H),7.55-7.51(m,2H),7.08 -7.05(m,1H),6.43(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),6.39(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,2H), 6.36-6.33(m,2H),5.67(dd,J=9.2,3.6Hz,2H),4.53(qd,J=12.8, 2.4Hz,4H),4.43(dd,J=7.7,2.3Hz,2H),4.20-4.16(m,1H),4.02 (t,J=9.1Hz,2H),3.90(d,J=2.9Hz,4H),3.84(d,J=3.3Hz,2H), 3.83-3.71(m,10H),3.61(ddd,J=21.0,12.3,4.7Hz,5H),3.57-3.53 (m,5H),3.52(dd,J=9.7,3.3Hz,2H),3.37(q,J=7.1Hz,10H),3.02 (t,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ170.69,169.12,153.70,153.36,149.08,144.51,144.49,132.86,130.61, 128.33,128.26,123.68,123.05,122.46,108.19,104.68,103.74,97.59, 87.90,78.43,78.13,75.72,75.47,73.43,72.25,71.17,69.44,68.92, 68.52,68.19,65.47,63.59,61.14,60.19,48.40,44.00,39.08,11.51. HRMS(MALDI)calcd for C65H91N10O26:[M+H+]1427.6100,found 1427.6088.
实施例4
将化合物11(0.3g)和化合物14(0.84g)溶于5mL THF,Ar保护,加入5mL抗坏血酸钠(0.094g)和CuSO4·5H2O(0.057g)的去离子水溶液,室温反应过夜。加入去离子水,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶ CH3OH=40∶1-20∶1),得到淡红色固体17(0.87g,81%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3) δ7.89-7.86(m,1H),7.85(s,3H),7.45(dd,J=6.0,2.4Hz,2H), 7.12-7.09(m,1H),6.81(s,1H),6.46(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,2H),6.39 (d,J=2.5Hz,2H),6.30-6.26(m,2H),5.93(d,J=9.3Hz,3H),5.53 (t,J=9.4Hz,3H),5.44(t,J=9.1Hz,3H),5.38(d,J=3.3Hz,3H), 5.16(dd,J=10.4,7.9Hz,3H),5.01(dd,J=10.4,3.5Hz,3H),4.61 -4.56(m,9H),4.52(d,J=10.8Hz,3H),4.19(dd,J=12.4,5.3Hz, 3H),4.16-4.11(m,6H),4.08-4.04(m,3H),4.02(ddd,J=10.0,5.1, 1.7Hz,3H),3.94(t,J=6.9Hz,3H),3.80(d,J=9.2Hz,3H),3.74(d, J=9.2Hz,3H),3.52(q,J=14.7Hz,2H),3.42(ddd,J=18.7,13.4, 6.9Hz,2H),3.35(q,J=7.0Hz,8H),3.08-2.99(m,2H),2.18(s,9H), 2.10-2.07(m,36H),1.99(s,9H),1.80(s,9H),1.17(t,J=7.1Hz, 12H).
将化合物17(0.85g)溶于20mL的干燥甲醇溶液中,加入甲醇钠溶液调节pH至9-10,室温反应过夜,加入氢离子交换树脂调节pH至中性,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH =20∶1-1∶1),得到淡红色固体18(0.29g,49.5%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.14 (s,3H),7.88(dd,J=6.2,2.0Hz,1H),7.55-7.49(m,2H),7.06(dd,J=6.0,1.6Hz,1H),6.45-6.40(m,4H),6.36(dt,J=9.0,2.3Hz, 2H),5.70(d,J=9.2Hz,3H),4.54-4.49(m,6H),4.45(d,J=7.7Hz, 3H),4.05(t,J=9.1Hz,3H),3.90(d,J=2.6Hz,6H),3.85-3.83(m, 5H),3.82-3.79(m,5H),3.79-3.73(m,8H),3.73-3.69(m,6H),3.65 (dd,J=7.5,5.0Hz,3H),3.60(dd,J=9.7,7.7Hz,3H),3.53(dd,J =9.7,3.3Hz,3H),3.42(s,2H),3.41-3.35(m,10H),3.00(t,J=5.9 Hz,2H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ171.77,170.46, 155.23,154.69,150.44,145.86,134.17,131.92,129.80,129.60,125.00, 124.52,123.90,109.59,106.17,105.15,98.97,89.25,79.86,79.51,77.10, 76.85,74.81,73.61,72.57,70.31,69.25,68.97,66.68,65.10,62.53, 61.60,61.03,45.40,40.34,12.92.HRMS calcdfor C81H116N13O37:[M+H+]1862.75896, found 1862.75500.
实施例5
将化合物6(0.4g)和化合物19(0.48g)溶于5mL THF,Ar保护,加入5mL抗坏血酸钠(0.092g)和CuSO4·5H2O(0.056g)去离子水溶液,室温反应过夜。加入去离子水,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH =40∶1-20∶1),得到淡红色固体20(0.67g,80.6%)。
取0.6g化合物20溶于10mL干燥的甲醇,加入甲醇钠溶液调节pH至9-10,室温反应过夜,加入氢离子交换树脂调节pH至中性,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH= 20∶1-2∶1),得到淡红色固体21(0.41g,89%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.19(s, 1H),8.16(s,1H),7.90-7.87(m,1H),7.57-7.50(m,2H),7.10-7.05 (m,1H),6.43(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),6.39(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.35(dd, J=8.9,2.4Hz,2H),5.61(dd,J=9.2,3.9Hz,2H),4.57-4.49(m,4H),4.19(p,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.92(td,J=9.1,1.4Hz,2H),3.87(dt, J=12.1,2.2Hz,2H),3.71(dd,J=12.4,5.1Hz,2H),3.60-3.54(m, 10H),3.52-3.48(m,2H),3.37(dd,J=14.3,7.2Hz,10H),3.02(t, J=5.8Hz,2H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ170.67, 169.11,153.69,153.35,149.07,144.50,144.48,132.85,130.63,128.35,128.24,123.67,123.02,122.44,108.18,104.71,97.59,88.19,79.72,77.08, 72.64,72.63,69.51,69.45,68.63,68.14,68.14,65.44,63.64,63.61, 61.03,48.42,44.00,39.09,11.52.ESI-MS(m/z)1103.5[M+H+].HRMS(MALDI) calcd for C53H71N10O16:[M+H+]1103.5044,found 1103.5054.
实施例6
将化合物11(0.4g)和化合物19(0.376g)溶于5mL THF,Ar保护,加入5mL抗坏血酸钠(0.075g)和CuSO4·5H2O(0.046g)去离子水溶液,室温反应过夜。加入去离子水,CH2Cl2萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH =40∶1-20∶1),得到淡红色固体22(0.47g,79%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.01(s,3H),7.93(dd,J=5.9,2.6Hz,1H),7.45(dd,J=5.3,3.2Hz, 2H),7.10(dd,J=5.8,2.5Hz,1H),6.84(s,1H),6.47(t,J=8.4Hz, 2H),6.34(d,J=60.0Hz,4H),6.01(d,J=9.4Hz,3H),5.61(t,J= 9.5Hz,3H),5.46(t,J=9.5Hz,3H),5.36(t,J=9.8Hz,3H),4.61(dd, J=13.3,3.9Hz,6H),4.32(dd,J=12.6,4.8Hz,3H),4.20-4.15(m, 3H),4.13-4.08(m,3H),3.82(d,J=9.2Hz,3H),3.75(d,J=9.2Hz, 3H),3.52(q,J=14.7Hz,2H),3.46-3.39(m,2H),3.34(dd,J=13.5,6.5Hz,8H),3.08-2.98(m,2H),2.09(s,9H),2.04(s,18H),1.79(s, 9H),1.17(t,J=6.9Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ170.64,170.10, 169.67,169.47,168.81,168.48,153.67,153.19,148.88,145.65,132.56, 130.84,128.84,128.13,123.84,122.86,121.89,120.93,108.18,97.69, 85.45,74.92,72.94,70.32,68.79,68.25,67.84,64.70,61.68,59.63, 56.84,44.38,39.12,21.81,20.66,20.61,20.57,20.06,12.58.
取0.47g化合物22溶于10mL干燥的甲醇,加入甲醇钠溶液调节pH至9-10,室温反应过夜,加入氢离子交换树脂调节pH至中性,过滤,浓缩,过柱分离(CH2Cl2∶CH3OH= 20∶1-2∶1),得到淡红色固体23(0.24g,73%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.16(s, 3H),7.92-7.89(m,1H),7.52(dd,J=5.5,3.1Hz,2H),7.06-7.03 (m,1H),6.46-6.41(m,4H),6.39-6.35(m,2H),5.67(d,J=9.2Hz, 3H),4.53(s,6H),3.98(t,J=9.1Hz,3H),3.89(d,J=10.9Hz,3H),3.74(t,J=8.8Hz,9H),3.65-3.61(m,6H),3.59-3.55(m,3H),3.44 (s,2H),3.37(dd,J=13.6,6.5Hz,10H),3.01(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),1.16 (t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ170.41,169.08,153.82,153.30, 149.06,144.45,132.81,130.50,128.42,128.22,123.62,123.13,122.51, 108.24,104.78,97.63,88.14,79.68,77.05,72.63,69.61,69.51,67.89, 67.62,65.32,63.76,61.03,59.68,44.02,38.97,11.58.ESI-MS(m/z)1376.6 [M+H+].HRMS calcd for C63H86N13O22:[M+H+]1376.6005,found 1376.6000.
荧光性能测试
探针溶液的配制:称取探针化合物7、13、16、18、21、23(6.9mg,8.6mg,8.9mg,11.6mg,6.9mg,8.6mg),加入到25mL的容量瓶中,用二甲基亚砜溶解并定容至刻度,摇匀配成2.5×10-4mol/L的溶液备用。
Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液的配制:在磷酸、硼酸、醋酸各样品浓度均为0.04mol/L 的100mL混合液中,加入不同体积0.2mol/L的NaOH溶液,分别配成pH为:2.31、3.25、3.93、4.35、4.81、5.15、5.74、6.25、6.40、6.82、7.19、7.5的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液。
测试溶液的配制:取1mL的探针溶液加入25mL的容量瓶中,加入相应pH的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液定容至刻度,摇匀配成10μmol/L的溶液,室温放置3h后测试。
pH响应的荧光测试:荧光光谱仪的参数设置为激发波长为565nm,扫描范围是575-700 nm,扫描速度为中速,采样间隔为1.0,激发波长的狭缝为3nm,发射波长的狭缝为1.5nm,响应时间为自动。然后将配好的测试溶液再次摇匀后,取4mL放入荧光池中开始测试。
荧光性能测试结果如图1所示,在pH 4.35-7.5范围内,酸性越大,目标化合物7、13、16、18、21、23的荧光强度均越来越强,而当pH在2.31-4.35范围内,pH越大,目标化合物(7、13、16、18、21、23)的荧光强度呈线性递增的趋势。
此前已有报道,正常组织的细胞外液的pH值通常保持在7.4左右,但当组织发生癌变时,肿瘤细胞代谢异常旺盛,细胞供氧不足,将导致糖代谢异常从而引起乳酸增多,肿瘤细胞外液呈偏酸性(pH 6.2-6.9),另外在溶酶体及相关细胞器的酸化下,肿瘤细胞内酸性更低(pH 4.5-5.5)。而本发明合成的荧光探针在pH为4.5-5.5的范围内pH越小荧光强度越强,说明本发明合成的荧光探针是潜在的肿瘤细胞内响应pH的荧光开关探针,可用于监测细胞pH的变化。
肝癌细胞成像测试
肝癌细胞(HepG2)pH响应荧光成像的初步测试:取贴壁后对数期生长状态良好的HepG2细胞,吸去培养基,PBS洗涤后,加入预先配制好的探针溶液(25mmol/L)孵育,取孵育不同时间的细胞PBS洗涤三次后,用浓度为4%的甲醛固定细胞,再用PBS洗涤三次,用共聚焦显微镜拍摄。
溶酶体共定位实验测试:取贴壁后对数期生长状态良好的HepG2细胞,吸去培养基, PBS洗涤后,加入预先配制好的探针溶液(25mol/L)和溶酶体绿色荧光探针lysotracker green一起孵育4h,PBS洗涤三次后,用浓度为4%的甲醛固定细胞,再用PBS洗涤三次,用共聚焦显微镜拍摄。
结果显示,半乳糖系列探针、乳糖系列探针、葡萄糖系列探针在肝癌细胞HepG2中孵育3h后均呈现出较强的红色荧光,说明本发明合成的系列荧光探针可在肝癌细胞中微酸性条件下开环释放出荧光,具有明显的荧光开关效应;进一步的溶酶体共定位实验发现,合成的荧光探针与溶酶体绿色荧光探针lysotracker green细胞成像能较好地重合到一起,说明本发明合成的荧光探针可靶向定位于溶酶体。

Claims (6)

1.两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物,其特征在于具有以下通式:
通式I中,
通式II中,
2.根据权利要求1所述的两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物,其特征在于通式I的化合物为:
3.根据权利要求1所述的两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物,其特征在于通式II的化合物为:
4.权利要求1所述两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:首先通过环化反应将罗丹明B关环得到荧光猝灭的罗丹明衍生物然后在氢化钠催化下分别与不同末端炔基化合物进行亲核取代反应得到含有不同末端炔基的罗丹明衍生物该类化合物再与全乙酰糖基叠氮经过铜(I)催化点击化学反应以及脱乙酰化反应得到目标化合物。
5.权利要求1所述两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物在监测细胞pH或环境pH变化方面的非诊断应用。
6.权利要求1所述两/三簇糖基罗丹明衍生物在制备监测肝癌细胞的药物中的应用。
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