CN106550674A

CN106550674A - A kind of new cultivation technology of booth sweet cherry

Info

Publication number: CN106550674A
Application number: CN201510619277.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-09-25
Filing date: 2015-09-25
Publication date: 2017-04-05

Abstract

A kind of new cultivation technology of booth sweet cherry, be characterized in by from excellent stock and kind, rational close planting, strengthen rich water quality management, reasonable pruning, timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests, rationally build canopy, by stages overlay film, strengthen pollination, improve bear fruit, temperature and humidity management, the process such as in good time membrane removal, the purpose of booth sweet cherry Efficient Cultivation can be realized, it is adaptable to the cultivation of booth sweet cherry.

Description

A kind of new cultivation technology of booth sweet cherry

Technical field

The present invention relates to fruit-bearing forest seedling-raising technique field, specifically a kind of new cultivation technology of booth sweet cherry.

Background technology

Sweet cherry, as ripe early, commodity is good, high financial profit, is the king in fruit.And sweet cherry greenhouse production economic benefit is higher, but sweet cherry greenhouse production fruit-setting rate occur sometimes low, yield is unstable, or even the problem for causing the underproduction or total crop failure.

The content of the invention

The present invention invents a kind of new cultivation technology of booth sweet cherry to solve the technical problem in traditional booth sweet cherry plantation.

The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme taken, a kind of new cultivation technology of booth sweet cherry, and which is characterized in that including procedure below：

1st, from excellent stock and kind, rational close planting.Make stock from dwarf cherry, downgrade tree body, easily form bud, precocity fruiting, beneficial to greenhouse cultivation；Should be based on excellent early-maturing variety from kind, such as " big purple ", " Zhifu is red ", " red light " etc.；Plant distance between rows and hills is that 2.5 meters of x2.0 rice are appropriate.

2nd, strengthen rich water quality management.On the basis of annual autumn uses sufficient base manure, Growing season compels fertilizer and foliage application in time.Topdress 2 times, after fallen flowers and after fruit harvesting, using radial ditch spread, each strain applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium respectively containing 14% 0.3-0.6 kilogram of NPK, and foliage application 3 times is urea, borax and photosynthetic micro- fertilizer etc..

3rd, reasonable pruning.According to canopy width, 3-4 row sweet cherry trees in canopy, are set, middle 1-2 rows dredge layer shape using improvement；2 row tree of both sides adopts plexi shape.Two kinds of tree-like prunings are cut to master with the summer, and the winter is cut to auxiliary.

4th, timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Field planting semi-finished product sprout, notes preventing weevil, chafer from gnawing sprout and spire, and method is the polybag that set is longer than 30 centimetres on buddering, and broken bag after sprouting of buddering, young sprout remove bag when growing to nearly 30 centimetres.Growing season sprays microbial inoculum and lime equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture prevents and treats shothole disease, leaf spot, dry rot and fruit rot etc., and caterpillar class, slug moth class spray 20% sumicidin missible oil, 2000 times of liquid preventing and treatings in the 1-2 instar larvae phases.

5th, canopy is rationally built, by stages overlay film.Canopy is built after seedling outdoor cropping 2-3, big-canopy framework reinforced concrete post makees body frame, the line-spacing 1.5-2.0 rice (row is parallel with canopy length) of stand, bar rises 2.0-2.2 rice, both sides shoulder height 1.5-1.6 rice away from 2.5-3.0 rice, in the middle part of stand, make bow member with bamboo pole, make depression bar with bamboo cane.Booth length is advisable with north-south, temperature of shed is than more uniform, tree body fertility is more neat, the area of 1 canopy is advisable with 330-800 square metre, i.e., wide 7.5-10.0 rice, long 44-80 rice, booth are respectively arranged at two ends with operation door, ceiling and canopy side are equipped with vent window, operation door is high 1.5 meters, wide 0.7 meter, 0.8 meter of vent window length, wide 0.5 meter, spacing 5-8 rice.From 7 days to 2 months January, 10 day interval, 17 days or so points of 3 optimum period overlay films, sweet cherry " big purple ", " red light ", " Bob Lanier " 3 kind fruit can be made, it is ripe successively by April 22 to May 30 (totally 38 days), mutually it is connected with kind fructescence May 30 to June 17 (totally 19 days) with land for growing field crops, overlay film should use Anti-fogging Film, straw screen or mat adopts 3 cm thicks, 120 centimetres wide of straw curtain, it is desirable to weave consistency of thickness, sturdy and durable.

6th, strengthen pollination, raising is beared fruit.Sweet cherry majority kind self-sterility, in addition to building well matches main cultivation and pollinated variety, the florescence should be also taken to put honeybee or artificial supplementary pollination, flower is wiped between different cultivars tree gently with feather duster, 1 borax, urea of full blossom initial stage mixed spray is each 300 times, or full blossom initial stage and full-bloom stage spray 1-2 30-40 mg/kg gibberellin, the flower percentage of fertile fruit of sweet cherry in canopy can be made up to 85%.

7th, temperature and humidity management.Temperature in booth is mainly by switch vent window, operation door and takes off the regulation and control of lid straw screen or mat, and while Greenhouse, the covering film in the canopy can make ground temperature improve 2-3 DEG C；After Greenhouse, 1-3 days vent windows, operation door standard-sized sheet, 4-7 days daytimes open night pass, and 8-10 days evenings progressively covered neat straw screen or mat；Progressively heat in canopy to be made, day temperature starts as 11-12 DEG C, rose l DEG C per 2-3 days, the florescence is 18-20 DEG C, young fruit period is 20-22 DEG C, the coloring phase is 22-24 DEG C, nocturnal temperature, early stage is 4-9 DEG C, the later stage is 10-14 DEG C；Temperature of shed is too high, and during 10-15 DEG C of daytime, ventilation to be strengthened, temperature control do not exceed 25 DEG C.Air humidity in canopy, overlay film to germination period relative humidity are preferably 80% or so, and florescence is preferably 50%-60%, and fruit color phase is preferably 50% or so, and humidity is too high, can affect pollination, cause disease to spread.

8th, in good time membrane removal.The membrane removal time is according to meteorological condition and depending on fruit breeding time, frost season is spent, booth both sides overlay film can have been opened the shoulder rolled up to canopy, exercise 2-3 days of leaking informaton, the cloudy day is selected to remove film upperpush rod later, overlay film is rolled onto into booth side, to strengthen illumination, promotes fruit color, improve the sugar content of fruit, temperature is reduced or rainy day, and the film for being rolled onto booth side is covered again, improves temperature.After fruit harvesting, overlay film is completely removed.

Technique effect

The solution have the advantages that, using above-mentioned technical proposal, it is possible to achieve booth sweet cherry Efficient Cultivation, this mode is easy to operation, for booth sweet cherry high yield has very good effect.

Specific embodiment

1st, from excellent stock and kind, rational close planting.Make stock from dwarf cherry, should be based on excellent early-maturing variety from kind, such as " big purple ", " Zhifu is red ", " red light " etc.；Plant distance between rows and hills is that 2.5 meters of x2.0 rice are appropriate.

2nd, strengthen rich water quality management.Strain every time applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium respectively containing 14% 0.3-0.6 kilogram of NPK, and foliage application 3 times is urea, borax and photosynthetic micro- fertilizer etc..

3rd, reasonable pruning.According to canopy width, 3-4 row sweet cherry trees in canopy, are set, middle 1-2 rows dredge layer shape using improvement；2 row tree of both sides adopts plexi shape.

4th, timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests.On buddering, set is longer than 30 centimetres of polybag, and broken bag after sprouting of buddering, young sprout remove bag when growing to nearly 30 centimetres.Growing season sprays microbial inoculum and lime equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture prevents and treats shothole disease, leaf spot, dry rot and fruit rot etc., and caterpillar class, slug moth class spray 20% sumicidin missible oil, 2000 times of liquid preventing and treatings in the 1-2 instar larvae phases.

5th, canopy is rationally built, by stages overlay film.Big-canopy framework reinforced concrete post makees body frame, the line-spacing 1.5-2.0 rice (row is parallel with canopy length) of stand, and bar rises 2.0-2.2 rice away from 2.5-3.0 rice, in the middle part of stand, and both sides shoulder height 1.5-1.6 rice is made bow member with bamboo pole, makees depression bar with bamboo cane.Booth length is advisable with north-south, the area of 1 canopy is advisable with 330-800 square metre, i.e., wide 7.5-10.0 rice, long 44-80 rice, booth are respectively arranged at two ends with operation door, ceiling and canopy side are equipped with vent window, operation door is high 1.5 meters, wide 0.7 meter, 0.8 meter of vent window length, wide 0.5 meter, spacing 5-8 rice, overlay film should use Anti-fogging Film, straw screen or mat adopts 3 cm thicks, 120 centimetres wide of straw curtain, it is desirable to weave consistency of thickness, sturdy and durable.

6th, strengthen pollination, raising is beared fruit.Take the florescence to put honeybee or artificial supplementary pollination, flower is gently wiped between different cultivars tree with feather duster, 1 borax, urea of full blossom initial stage mixed spray is each 300 times.

7th, temperature and humidity management.Temperature in booth is mainly by switch vent window, operation door and takes off the regulation and control of lid straw screen or mat, and ventilation to be strengthened, temperature control do not exceed 25 DEG C.

Claims

1. a kind of new cultivation technology of booth sweet cherry, which is characterized in that including procedure below：Make stock from dwarf cherry，Downgrade tree body，Plant distance between rows and hills is that 2.5 meters of x2.0 rice are appropriate，On the basis of annual autumn uses sufficient base manure，Growing season compels fertilizer and foliage application in time，Rationally pruning，3-4 row sweet cherry trees are set in canopy，Middle 1-2 rows dredge layer shape using improvement，Prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time，Growing season sprays microbial inoculum and lime equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture prevents and treats shothole disease、Leaf spot、Dry rot and fruit rot etc.，Caterpillar class、Slug moth class sprays 20% sumicidin missible oil, 2000 times of liquid preventing and treatings in the 1-2 instar larvae phases，Canopy is built rationally，Overlay film by stages，Strengthen pollination，Raising is beared fruit，Temperature and humidity management，Air humidity in canopy，Overlay film is preferably 80% or so to germination period relative humidity，Florescence is preferably 50%-60%，Fruit color phase is preferably 50% or so，Membrane removal in good time，Frost season is spent，Booth both sides overlay film can be opened the shoulder rolled up to canopy，Leak informaton and take exercise 2-3 days，The cloudy day is selected to remove film upperpush rod later，Overlay film is rolled onto into booth side，To strengthen illumination，Promote fruit color，Improve the sugar content of fruit，Temperature is reduced or rainy day，The film for being rolled onto booth side is covered again，Improve temperature，After fruit harvesting，Completely remove overlay film.