CN106536535A - 结晶的β‑D‑烟酰胺核苷的制备和用途 - Google Patents
结晶的β‑D‑烟酰胺核苷的制备和用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106536535A CN106536535A CN201580040316.6A CN201580040316A CN106536535A CN 106536535 A CN106536535 A CN 106536535A CN 201580040316 A CN201580040316 A CN 201580040316A CN 106536535 A CN106536535 A CN 106536535A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- disease
- nicotinamide
- nicotinamide riboside
- bases
- pharmaceutical composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000011618 nicotinamide riboside Substances 0.000 title claims description 98
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 206010022489 Insulin Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 208000012268 mitochondrial disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 162
- 235000020956 nicotinamide riboside Nutrition 0.000 claims description 147
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N NAD zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 claims description 119
- -1 two-n-propyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 98
- YABIFCKURFRPPO-IVOJBTPCSA-N 1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyridin-1-ium-3-carboxamide;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)=C1 YABIFCKURFRPPO-IVOJBTPCSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- JLEBZPBDRKPWTD-TURQNECASA-O N-ribosylnicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)=C1 JLEBZPBDRKPWTD-TURQNECASA-O 0.000 claims description 89
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000002169 Mitochondrial myopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000023692 inborn mitochondrial myopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical class OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical class CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010003591 Ataxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940009662 edetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- AFENDNXGAFYKQO-VKHMYHEASA-N (S)-2-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical class CC[C@H](O)C(O)=O AFENDNXGAFYKQO-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical class CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010002660 Anoxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000976983 Anoxia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical class COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010048804 Kearns-Sayre syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000009564 MELAS Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000009035 MERRF syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010058799 Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000021642 Muscular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010069825 Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibres Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000009623 Myopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- AVPNJEUXQSEVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rb].FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F Chemical compound [Rb].FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F AVPNJEUXQSEVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007953 anoxia Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CFSYYJNGCPTQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Ca].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F CFSYYJNGCPTQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006999 cognitive decline Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocitric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000006443 lactic acidosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- WDGKXRCNMKPDSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Li].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WDGKXRCNMKPDSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RXUUYDXKHLUSHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Mg].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F RXUUYDXKHLUSHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002438 mitochondrial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000018360 neuromuscular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000027758 ovulation cycle Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004880 oxines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010384 renal tubular acidosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- HGJLYMGBCAKBLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HGJLYMGBCAKBLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- DDTSMCARRAZODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].CS(=O)(=O)O.[F] Chemical compound [K].CS(=O)(=O)O.[F] DDTSMCARRAZODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001201 calcium accumulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229950007655 esilate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 208000001145 Metabolic Syndrome Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000000690 abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 118
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 118
- 229950006238 nadide Drugs 0.000 description 116
- 102000011990 Sirtuin Human genes 0.000 description 96
- 108050002485 Sirtuin Proteins 0.000 description 96
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 95
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Natural products CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 62
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 41
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 40
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 39
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 36
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 27
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 25
- ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=N1 ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000003635 2-dimethylaminoethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 20
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 16
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 15
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 15
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 13
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229940076134 benzene Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 10
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102100031455 NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108010041191 Sirtuin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 9
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 9
- HJCUTNIGJHJGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dihydroacridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 HJCUTNIGJHJGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 208000032131 Diabetic Neuropathies Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 8
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 201000005518 mononeuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 8
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinic acid amide Natural products NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 8
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 206010029216 Nervousness Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003416 antiarrhythmic agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N diltiazem Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C(=O)N(CCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960004166 diltiazem Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 210000001428 peripheral nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 208000016192 Demyelinating disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 6
- FQISKWAFAHGMGT-SGJOWKDISA-M Methylprednisolone sodium succinate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(=O)COC(=O)CCC([O-])=O)CC[C@H]21 FQISKWAFAHGMGT-SGJOWKDISA-M 0.000 description 6
- 102000015532 Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010064862 Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 208000015294 blood coagulation disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011254 conventional chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003136 dopamine receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003527 fibrinolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960001722 verapamil Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 5
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N Adenosine Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010012305 Demyelination Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229940097420 Diuretic Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 102000006386 Myelin Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010083674 Myelin Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 208000028389 Nerve injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 206010033307 Overweight Diseases 0.000 description 5
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000003288 anthiarrhythmic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000480 calcium channel blocker Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012829 chemotherapy agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001882 diuretic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940125532 enzyme inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 229960004584 methylprednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 210000005012 myelin Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000008764 nerve damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001379 nervous effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960005141 piperazine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-DOMZBBRYSA-N (-)-gallocatechin Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-DOMZBBRYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-dehydrocorticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KJEBULYHNRNJTE-DHZHZOJOSA-N Cinalong Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC\C=C\C=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 KJEBULYHNRNJTE-DHZHZOJOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N Cortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cortisone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 108010074864 Factor XI Proteins 0.000 description 4
- DJBNUMBKLMJRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flecainide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC1=CC=C(OCC(F)(F)F)C(C(=O)NCC2NCCCC2)=C1 DJBNUMBKLMJRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hidralazin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NN)=NN=CC2=C1 RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010036105 Polyneuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rosiglitazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1N(C)CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000003978 Tissue Plasminogen Activator Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000373 Tissue Plasminogen Activator Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000015114 central nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940060038 chlorine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960003020 cilnidipine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960004544 cortisone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003255 cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000975 daunorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229960000449 flecainide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000003677 hemocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229940000351 hemocyte Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 4
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- GURKHSYORGJETM-WAQYZQTGSA-N irinotecan hydrochloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound Cl.C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 GURKHSYORGJETM-WAQYZQTGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mitoxantrone Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960001156 mitoxantrone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229960003966 nicotinamide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nifedipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960001597 nifedipine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000008482 osteoarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N papaverine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CC1=NC=CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C12 XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 4
- HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pioglitazone Chemical compound N1=CC(CC)=CC=C1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REQCZEXYDRLIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N procainamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 REQCZEXYDRLIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000244 procainamide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000024883 vasodilation Effects 0.000 description 4
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- METKIMKYRPQLGS-GFCCVEGCSA-N (R)-atenolol Chemical compound CC(C)NC[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=C(CC(N)=O)C=C1 METKIMKYRPQLGS-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-AMPA Chemical compound CC=1ONC(=O)C=1CC(N)C(O)=O UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propanol Substances CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZENKESXKWBIZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-1,3-benzodioxin-6-amine Chemical group O1C(F)(F)OC(F)(F)C2=CC(N)=CC=C21 ZENKESXKWBIZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(C(N)=O)=CC=1C(O)CNC(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-IBGZPJMESA-N 3-o-(2-methoxyethyl) 5-o-propan-2-yl (4s)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)[C@H]1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 3
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 4'-epidoxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 3
- RZTAMFZIAATZDJ-HNNXBMFYSA-N 5-o-ethyl 3-o-methyl (4s)-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RZTAMFZIAATZDJ-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010061666 Autonomic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010027612 Batroxobin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000002126 C01EB10 - Adenosine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000031229 Cardiomyopathies Diseases 0.000 description 3
- DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmustine Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N(N=O)CCCl DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorothiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NCNS2(=O)=O JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N Cladribine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010012442 Dermatitis contact Diseases 0.000 description 3
- HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epirubicin Natural products COc1cccc2C(=O)c3c(O)c4CC(O)(CC(OC5CC(N)C(=O)C(C)O5)c4c(O)c3C(=O)c12)C(=O)CO HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010010234 HDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000015779 HDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000713772 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 3
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Idarubicin Chemical compound C1[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Idarubicin Natural products C1C(N)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2CC(O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010024229 Leprosy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229930192392 Mitomycin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 208000010428 Muscle Weakness Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010028372 Muscular weakness Diseases 0.000 description 3
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010029240 Neuritis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 201000004681 Psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010040943 Skin Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010023197 Streptokinase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Streptozotocin Natural products O=NN(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940100389 Sulfonylurea Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triamterene Chemical compound NC1=NC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108090000435 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000003990 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Human genes 0.000 description 3
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOEMGAFJFRBGGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acebutolol Chemical compound CCCC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)C(C(C)=O)=C1 GOEMGAFJFRBGGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002122 acebutolol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960005305 adenosine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVEXHFZHOIWIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N amosulalol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)C1=CC=C(C)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 LVEXHFZHOIWIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229950010351 amosulalol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N amsacrine Chemical compound COC1=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=C1NC1=C(C=CC=C2)C2=NC2=CC=CC=C12 XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001220 amsacrine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003178 anti-diabetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001028 anti-proliverative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003472 antidiabetic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 3
- BHIAIPWSVYSKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N arotinolol Chemical compound S1C(SCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C)=NC(C=2SC(=CC=2)C(N)=O)=C1 BHIAIPWSVYSKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229950010731 arotinolol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960002274 atenolol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000007845 axonopathy Effects 0.000 description 3
- VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanide;cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCC1 VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYJJXENSONZJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bencyclane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1(OCCCN(C)C)CCCCCC1 FYJJXENSONZJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003665 bepridil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UIEATEWHFDRYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bepridil Chemical compound C1CCCN1C(COCC(C)C)CN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UIEATEWHFDRYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002876 beta blocker Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940097320 beta blocking agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960001561 bleomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004958 brain cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229950009385 bufetolol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AKLNLVOZXMQGSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bufetolol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC1OCCC1 AKLNLVOZXMQGSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamazepine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)N)C2=CC=CC=C21 FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000623 carbamazepine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorambucil Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004630 chlorambucil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960001523 chlortalidone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JIVPVXMEBJLZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorthalidone Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C2(O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)N2)=C1 JIVPVXMEBJLZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N cinnarizine Chemical compound C1CN(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000876 cinnarizine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940111134 coxibs Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 3
- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoliosyl-3C-alpha-L-digitoxosyl-MTM Natural products CC=1C(O)=C2C(O)=C3C(=O)C(OC4OC(C)C(O)C(OC5OC(C)C(O)C(OC6OC(C)C(O)C(C)(O)C6)C5)C4)C(C(OC)C(=O)C(O)C(C)O)CC3=CC2=CC=1OC(OC(C)C1O)CC1OC1CC(O)C(O)C(C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- XZTUSOXSLKTKJQ-CESUGQOBSA-N digitoxigenin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2CC[C@]3(O)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(CC[C@H](O)C[C@H]5CC4)C)CC[C@@]32C)=CC(=O)OC1 XZTUSOXSLKTKJQ-CESUGQOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyridamole Chemical compound C=12N=C(N(CCO)CCO)N=C(N3CCCCC3)C2=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1N1CCCCC1 IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002768 dipyridamole Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001904 epirubicin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- OEGDFSLNGABBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N etafenone Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 OEGDFSLNGABBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004351 etafenone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 201000005577 familial hyperlipidemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960003580 felodipine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XHEFDIBZLJXQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N fisetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 XHEFDIBZLJXQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000326 flunarizine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SMANXXCATUTDDT-QPJJXVBHSA-N flunarizine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)N1CCN(C\C=C\C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 SMANXXCATUTDDT-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940060037 fluorine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003883 furosemide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 102000034356 gene-regulatory proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091006104 gene-regulatory proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000908 idarubicin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000001861 immunosuppressant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960001632 labetalol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NRYBAZVQPHGZNS-ZSOCWYAHSA-N leptin Chemical compound O=C([C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)CCSC)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O NRYBAZVQPHGZNS-ZSOCWYAHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010025482 malaise Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N mithramycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@H](C)[C@H]1O)OC=1C=C2C=C3C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C(O)C=1C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@](C)(O)C3)C2)C1)[C@H](OC)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000006938 muscular dystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960000715 nimodipine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 208000035824 paresthesia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000000578 peripheral nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 208000027232 peripheral nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960002508 pindolol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N pindolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003171 plicamycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000007824 polyneuropathy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 3
- GZUITABIAKMVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N raloxifene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OCCN3CCCCC3)=CC=2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2S1 GZUITABIAKMVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940124834 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012896 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003772 serotonin uptake inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 231100000019 skin ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229960002370 sotalol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ZBMZVLHSJCTVON-UHFFFAOYSA-N sotalol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 ZBMZVLHSJCTVON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960005202 streptokinase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000003451 thiazide diuretic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003448 thoracic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229940125725 tranquilizer Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003204 tranquilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002936 tranquilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960001288 triamterene Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960005356 urokinase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000001125 vasa nervorum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-YOEHRIQHSA-N (+)-Casbol Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@H](COC=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)CNCC1 AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-YOEHRIQHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-KYJUHHDHSA-N (+)-Tetrandrine Chemical compound C([C@H]1C=2C=C(C(=CC=2CCN1C)OC)O1)C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC(=C2)C(OC)=CC=C2C[C@@H]2N(C)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C1=C23 WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-KYJUHHDHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMJIYCCIJYRONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isradipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC2=NON=C12 HMJIYCCIJYRONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CEMAWMOMDPGJMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Oxprenolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC=C CEMAWMOMDPGJMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLPIATFUUWWMKC-SNVBAGLBSA-N (2r)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-amine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)COC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C VLPIATFUUWWMKC-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NXQMNKUGGYNLBY-GFCCVEGCSA-N (2r)-1-(3-methylphenoxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)NC[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 NXQMNKUGGYNLBY-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NXWGWUVGUSFQJC-GFCCVEGCSA-N (2r)-1-[(2-methyl-1h-indol-4-yl)oxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)NC[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C(C)N2 NXWGWUVGUSFQJC-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKXVEXUAWGRFNP-MUUNZHRXSA-N (2r)-2-[2-[3-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl-methylamino]propoxy]-5-methoxyphenyl]-4-methyl-1,4-benzothiazin-3-one Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2N(C)C(=O)[C@H]1C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1OCCCN(C)CCOC1=CC=C(OCO2)C2=C1 RKXVEXUAWGRFNP-MUUNZHRXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUJAGSGYPOAWEI-SECBINFHSA-N (2r)-2-amino-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanamide Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C BUJAGSGYPOAWEI-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BIDNLKIUORFRQP-XYGFDPSESA-N (2s,4s)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1s)-2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([P@@](=O)(O[C@H](OC(=O)CC)C(C)C)CC(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@H](C1)C1CCCCC1)C(O)=O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BIDNLKIUORFRQP-XYGFDPSESA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8S)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NCC2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N (E)-dacarbazine Chemical compound CN(C)\N=N\c1[nH]cnc1C(N)=O FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182837 (R)-adrenaline Natural products 0.000 description 2
- LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-KRWDZBQOSA-N (R)-bicalutamide Chemical compound C([C@@](O)(C)C(=O)NC=1C=C(C(C#N)=CC=1)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-colchicine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC2)=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVHUJELLJLJGLN-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-nitrendipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 PVHUJELLJLJGLN-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KOHIRBRYDXPAMZ-YHBROIRLSA-N (S,R,R,R)-nebivolol Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(F)=CC=C2O[C@H]1[C@H](O)CNC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC2=CC=C(F)C=C2CC1 KOHIRBRYDXPAMZ-YHBROIRLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQSAYKKFZOSZGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CN1CCN(C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)CC1 JQSAYKKFZOSZGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 1-oxidanylurea Chemical compound N[14C](=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940044613 1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DGHHQBMTXTWTJV-BQAIUKQQSA-N 119413-54-6 Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 DGHHQBMTXTWTJV-BQAIUKQQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJDRUOGAGYHKKD-RQBLFBSQSA-N 1pon08459r Chemical compound CN([C@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@]3([H])[C@@H]([C@@H](O)N42)CC)[H])C2=CC=CC=C2[C@]11C[C@@]4([H])[C@H]3[C@H]1O CJDRUOGAGYHKKD-RQBLFBSQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQNAFPHGVPVTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(=O)NC2=C1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C1=C2C=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)N UQNAFPHGVPVTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOFYHBVFGWJLIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-n-phenylbenzamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 BOFYHBVFGWJLIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBIAKUMOEKILTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-piperazinyl]-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)CN1CCN(CCCC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)CC1 ZBIAKUMOEKILTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVYLCBNXHHHPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl salicylate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O LVYLCBNXHHHPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGRIPYHIFXGCHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-o-[2-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl-methylamino]ethyl] 5-o-propan-2-yl 4-(1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=2OCOC=2C=1C1C(C(=O)OC(C)C)=C(C)NC(C)=C1C(=O)OCCN(C)CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGRIPYHIFXGCHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWLAMJPTOQZTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl)amino]ethyl]benzoic acid Chemical class COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 SWLAMJPTOQZTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VRJHQPZVIGNGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-piperidinone Chemical compound O=C1CCNCC1 VRJHQPZVIGNGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWXZXCZBMQPOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2N=CNC2=C1 RWXZXCZBMQPOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-quinolin-2-one Chemical group N1C(=O)CCC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WAIJIHDWAKJCBX-BULBTXNYSA-N 9-Fluoroprednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 WAIJIHDWAKJCBX-BULBTXNYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930008281 A03AD01 - Papaverine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 102000009062 ADP Ribose Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010049290 ADP Ribose Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940098747 AMPA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- JBMKAUGHUNFTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aldoclor Chemical class C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NC=NS2(=O)=O JBMKAUGHUNFTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ITPDYQOUSLNIHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amiodarone hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC(I)=C(OCC[NH+](CC)CC)C(I)=C1 ITPDYQOUSLNIHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000000044 Amnesia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010002383 Angina Pectoris Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010059245 Angiopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010058207 Anistreplase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- NCUCGYYHUFIYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aranidipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC(C)=O)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O NCUCGYYHUFIYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005552 B01AC04 - Clopidogrel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005528 B01AC05 - Ticlopidine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- QVZCXCJXTMIDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biopropazepan Trimethoxybenzoate Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C(=O)OCCCN2CCN(CCCOC(=O)C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=C(OC)C=3)CCC2)=C1 QVZCXCJXTMIDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002083 C09CA01 - Losartan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004072 C09CA03 - Valsartan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002947 C09CA04 - Irbesartan Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N Capecitabine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Capecitabine Natural products C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1C1C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOATXPAWOHTVSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Celiprolol Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C)C(C(C)=O)=C1 JOATXPAWOHTVSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloditan Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000030939 Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clonidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN1 GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100030563 Coagulation factor XI Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000019736 Cranial nerve disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020406 Creutzfeldt Jacob disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000003407 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000010859 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010036949 Cyclosporine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMSO Substances CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010012438 Dermatitis atopic Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-OAXVISGBSA-N Digitoxin Natural products O([C@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@@H]4[C@H]([C@]5(O)[C@@](C)([C@H](C6=CC(=O)OC6)CC5)CC4)CC3)CC2)C[C@H]1O)[C@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@@H](O)C1 WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-OAXVISGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-AMTYYWEZSA-N Digoxin Natural products O([C@H]1[C@H](C)O[C@H](O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@@H]4[C@H]([C@]5(O)[C@](C)([C@H](O)C4)[C@H](C4=CC(=O)OC4)CC5)CC3)CC2)C[C@@H]1O)[C@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@@H](O)C1 LTMHDMANZUZIPE-AMTYYWEZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940098778 Dopamine receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010061435 Enalapril Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YARKMNAWFIMDKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epanolol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C#N)C=1OCC(O)CNCCNC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 YARKMNAWFIMDKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010014172 Factor V Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010014173 Factor X Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000009123 Fibrin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010073385 Fibrin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fibrin monomer Chemical compound CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CN BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WJOHZNCJWYWUJD-IUGZLZTKSA-N Fluocinonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O WJOHZNCJWYWUJD-IUGZLZTKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gabapentin Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1(CN)CCCCC1 UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000007882 Gastritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002705 Glucose Intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- BLCLNMBMMGCOAS-URPVMXJPSA-N Goserelin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](COC(C)(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NNC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BLCLNMBMMGCOAS-URPVMXJPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010069236 Goserelin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FWKQNCXZGNBPFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guaiazulene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C2=CC=C(C)C2=C1 FWKQNCXZGNBPFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000005176 Hepatitis C Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000701044 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 Species 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical group Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMCPLEZZPVJJIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypadil (TN) Chemical compound C1C(O[N+]([O-])=O)COC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)C OMCPLEZZPVJJIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJDRUOGAGYHKKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iso-ajmalin Natural products CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C2(C(C34)O)C1C1CC3C(CC)C(O)N1C4C2 CJDRUOGAGYHKKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N Isosorbide Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010055717 JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940127492 Kainate Receptor Antagonists Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N L-DOPA Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Dopa Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAYAGJDXJIDEKI-PTGWOZRBSA-N Lanatoside C Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]1C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]1C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]1C)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]([C@@]4(C)[C@H](O)C3)C=3COC(=O)C=3)O)CC2)(C)CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JAYAGJDXJIDEKI-PTGWOZRBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000016267 Leptin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010092277 Leptin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010007859 Lisinopril Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 2
- CESYKOGBSMNBPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyclothiazide Chemical compound ClC1=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C(CCl)NC2=C1 CESYKOGBSMNBPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBNPJJILLOYFJU-VMPREFPWSA-N Mibefradil Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(F)=CC=C2[C@H](C(C)C)[C@@]1(OC(=O)COC)CCN(C)CCCC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 HBNPJJILLOYFJU-VMPREFPWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010027918 Mononeuropathy multiplex Diseases 0.000 description 2
- IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myricetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-O NAD(+) Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-O 0.000 description 2
- DAYLJWODMCOQEW-TURQNECASA-N NMN zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)([O-])=O)O2)O)=C1 DAYLJWODMCOQEW-TURQNECASA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nabumetone Chemical compound C1=C(CCC(C)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBBHBTPTTSWHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicardipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ZBBHBTPTTSWHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAIIFDPAEUKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nilvadipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C#N)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 FAIIFDPAEUKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYRVNWMVYQXFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nocodazole Chemical compound C1=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 KYRVNWMVYQXFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008896 Opium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010033645 Pancreatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Paroxetine hydrochloride Natural products C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1C(COC=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)CNCC1 AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenytoin Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIXHQGSINFQLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piceatannol Natural products Oc1ccc(C=Cc2c(O)c(O)c3CCCCc3c2O)cc1O IIXHQGSINFQLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000013566 Plasminogen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010051456 Plasminogen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000776 Poly(Adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000004257 Potassium Channel Human genes 0.000 description 2
- IFFPICMESYHZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCNC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFFPICMESYHZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000024777 Prion disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRSANNODOVBCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pronethalol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=C21 HRSANNODOVBCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000006193 Pulmonary infarction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000061121 Rauvolfia serpentina Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010039710 Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000021386 Sjogren Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940089973 Sodium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N Tamoxifen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=1)/C1=CC=CC=C1 NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTWFXPCUFWKXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tertatalol Chemical compound C1CCSC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C HTWFXPCUFWKXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940121792 Thiazide diuretic Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiotepa Chemical compound C1CN1P(N1CC1)(=S)N1CC1 FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000190 Thrombin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000218636 Thuja Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010052779 Transplant rejections Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GSNOZLZNQMLSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trapidil Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC(C)=NC2=NC=NN12 GSNOZLZNQMLSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010044565 Tremor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010067584 Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ZVNYJIZDIRKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vesnarinone Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)N1CCN(C=2C=C3CCC(=O)NC3=CC=2)CC1 ZVNYJIZDIRKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003537 Vitamin B3 Natural products 0.000 description 2
- GYKFWCDBQAFCLJ-RTWAWAEBSA-N [(2s,3s)-8-chloro-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C(=O)N(CCN(C)C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2S1 GYKFWCDBQAFCLJ-RTWAWAEBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001413 acetanilide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001789 adipocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004332 ajmaline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000007930 alcohol dependence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960000473 altretamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003437 aminoglutethimide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ROBVIMPUHSLWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoglutethimide Chemical compound C=1C=C(N)C=CC=1C1(CC)CCC(=O)NC1=O ROBVIMPUHSLWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005260 amiodarone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N amlodipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000528 amlodipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000510 ammonia Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002269 analeptic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002932 anastrozole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N anastrozole Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C#N)C)=CC(CN2N=CN=C2)=C1 YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003817 anthracycline antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004004 anti-anginal agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003276 anti-hypertensive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000340 anti-metabolite Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002927 anti-mitotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000883 anti-obesity agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003965 antiepileptics Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003524 antilipemic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100197 antimetabolite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002256 antimetabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940045719 antineoplastic alkylating agent nitrosoureas Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125710 antiobesity agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940127218 antiplatelet drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NWGGKKGAFZIVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antrafenine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(N2CCN(CCOC(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)NC=3C4=CC=C(C=C4N=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)CC2)=C1 NWGGKKGAFZIVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950007556 aranidipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010003246 arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000008937 atopic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003403 autonomic nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003376 axonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002170 azathioprine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azathioprine Chemical compound CN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1SC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002992 barnidipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VXMOONUMYLCFJD-DHLKQENFSA-N barnidipine Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2C(=C(C)NC(C)=C2C(=O)OC)C(=O)O[C@@H]2CN(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)CC2)=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 VXMOONUMYLCFJD-DHLKQENFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZPQPDBIHYCBNIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N befunolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C(C)=O)=C2 ZPQPDBIHYCBNIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004374 befunolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003515 bendroflumethiazide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HDWIHXWEUNVBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bendroflumethiazidum Chemical compound C1=C(C(F)(F)F)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(S(N2)(=O)=O)=C1NC2CC1=CC=CC=C1 HDWIHXWEUNVBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzydamine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(OCCCN(C)C)=NN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002890 beraprost Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YTCZZXIRLARSET-VJRSQJMHSA-M beraprost sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O([C@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@@H]21)/C=C/[C@@H](O)C(C)CC#CC)C1=C2C=CC=C1CCCC([O-])=O YTCZZXIRLARSET-VJRSQJMHSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960002537 betamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-DVTGEIKXSA-N betamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004324 betaxolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CHDPSNLJFOQTRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N betaxolol hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(OCC(O)C[NH2+]C(C)C)=CC=C1CCOCC1CC1 CHDPSNLJFOQTRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003588 bevantolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HXLAFSUPPDYFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bevantolol Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 HXLAFSUPPDYFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000997 bicalutamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006696 biosynthetic metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002781 bisoprolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoprolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=C(COCCOC(C)C)C=C1 VHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000008275 breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010006451 bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229950002568 bucumolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CIJVBYRUFLGDHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bucumolol Chemical compound O1C(=O)C=CC2=C1C(OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C)=CC=C2C CIJVBYRUFLGDHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MAEIEVLCKWDQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bumetanide Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 MAEIEVLCKWDQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004064 bumetanide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VCVQSRCYSKKPBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bunitrolol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C#N VCVQSRCYSKKPBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950008581 bunitrolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000330 bupranolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HQIRNZOQPUAHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupranolol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C)=C1 HQIRNZOQPUAHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYMYWHCQALZEGT-ORCRQEGFSA-N butein Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 AYMYWHCQALZEGT-ORCRQEGFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMBNQRJDEPOXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butofilolol Chemical compound CCCC(=O)C1=CC(F)=CC=C1OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C NMBNQRJDEPOXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950009191 butofilolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008061 calcium-channel-blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N camptothecin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004117 capecitabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000830 captopril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N captopril Chemical compound SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQXQGZPYHWWCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carazolol Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)C BQXQGZPYHWWCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004634 carazolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005243 carmustine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004195 carvedilol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OGHNVEJMJSYVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvedilol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1N2 OGHNVEJMJSYVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003543 catechol methyltransferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000590 celecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N celecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002320 celiprolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000032677 cell aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000002659 cell therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004098 cellular respiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UWCBNAVPISMFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetamolol Chemical compound CNC(=O)COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C UWCBNAVPISMFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950003205 cetamolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000005795 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960001265 ciclosporin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HHHKFGXWKKUNCY-FHWLQOOXSA-N cilazapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H]1C(N2[C@@H](CCCN2CCC1)C(O)=O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HHHKFGXWKKUNCY-FHWLQOOXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005025 cilazapril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002436 cladribine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950000308 clentiazem Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002896 clonidine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003009 clopidogrel Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GKTWGGQPFAXNFI-HNNXBMFYSA-N clopidogrel Chemical compound C1([C@H](N2CC=3C=CSC=3CC2)C(=O)OC)=CC=CC=C1Cl GKTWGGQPFAXNFI-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004893 cloranolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XYCMOTOFHFTUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cloranolol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1Cl XYCMOTOFHFTUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000010247 contact dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003433 contraceptive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002254 contraceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005100 correlation spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000014826 cranial nerve neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229930182912 cyclosporin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005227 delapril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WOUOLAUOZXOLJQ-MBSDFSHPSA-N delapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N(CC(O)=O)C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WOUOLAUOZXOLJQ-MBSDFSHPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960000648 digitoxin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-XUDUSOBPSA-N digitoxin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]5[C@H]([C@]6(CC[C@@H]([C@@]6(C)CC5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)C[C@@H]2O)C)C[C@@H]1O WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-XUDUSOBPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005156 digoxin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N digoxin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]5[C@H]([C@]6(CC[C@@H]([C@@]6(C)[C@H](O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)C[C@@H]2O)C)C[C@@H]1O LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N digoxine Natural products C1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C(C)OC(OC2C(OC(OC3CC4C(C5C(C6(CCC(C6(C)C(O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)CC2O)C)CC1O LTMHDMANZUZIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001079 dilazep Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UVTNFZQICZKOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N disopyramide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(C(N)=O)(CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UVTNFZQICZKOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001066 disopyramide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- ADEBPBSSDYVVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N donepezil Chemical compound O=C1C=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2CC1CC(CC1)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADEBPBSSDYVVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000221 dopamine uptake inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003722 doxycycline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XQTWDDCIUJNLTR-CVHRZJFOSA-N doxycycline monohydrate Chemical compound O.O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C1=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O XQTWDDCIUJNLTR-CVHRZJFOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229950010020 elgodipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000873 enalapril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N enalapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000610 enoxaparin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002711 epanolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005139 epinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AVOLMBLBETYQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N etacrynic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=O)C1=CC=C(OCC(O)=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl AVOLMBLBETYQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003199 etacrynic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N eugenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC=C)=CC=C1O RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960002428 fentanyl Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IVLVTNPOHDFFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl citrate Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 IVLVTNPOHDFFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950003499 fibrin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940126864 fibroblast growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- AAXVEMMRQDVLJB-BULBTXNYSA-N fludrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 AAXVEMMRQDVLJB-BULBTXNYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002011 fludrocortisone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RGUQWGXAYZNLMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flumethiazide Chemical compound C1=C(C(F)(F)F)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NC=NS2(=O)=O RGUQWGXAYZNLMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003028 flumethiazide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000785 fluocinonide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CHQKHXJPWDSTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluprazine Chemical compound C1CN(CCNC(=O)N)CCN1C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 CHQKHXJPWDSTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950006789 fluprazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002490 fosinopril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N gemcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005277 gemcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940045109 genistein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000006539 genistein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N genistein Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960004580 glibenclamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glipizide Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CN=C1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCCCC2)C=C1 ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001381 glipizide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZNNLBTZKUZBEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyburide Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCCCC2)C=C1 ZNNLBTZKUZBEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002913 goserelin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004247 hand Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N heparin Chemical compound CC(O)=N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(O)=O)O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](OC(O)[C@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H]3O)C(O)=O)O[C@@H]2O)CS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001008 heparin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UUVWYPNAQBNQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylmelamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(N(C)C)=N1 UUVWYPNAQBNQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N homocystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C([NH3+])CCSSCCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O ZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940088013 hycamtin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002474 hydralazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960002003 hydrochlorothiazide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrocodone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001680 ibuprofen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001101 ifosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ifosfamide Chemical compound ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004801 imipramine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N imipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- MPGBPFMOOXKQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indenolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC2 MPGBPFMOOXKQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950008838 indenolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960002198 irbesartan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YCPOHTHPUREGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N irbesartan Chemical compound O=C1N(CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2[N]N=NN=2)C(CCCC)=NC21CCCC2 YCPOHTHPUREGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000002551 irritable bowel syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960002857 isoflupredone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002479 isosorbide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004427 isradipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940043355 kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004340 lacidipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N lacidipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)(C)C GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002614 lanatoside c Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940039781 leptin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZDXUKAKRHYTAKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lercanidipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)(C)CN(C)CCC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ZDXUKAKRHYTAKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004294 lercanidipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003881 letrozole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HPJKCIUCZWXJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N letrozole Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C(N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 HPJKCIUCZWXJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- IXHBTMCLRNMKHZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N levobunolol Chemical compound O=C1CCCC2=C1C=CC=C2OC[C@@H](O)CNC(C)(C)C IXHBTMCLRNMKHZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000831 levobunolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001941 lidoflazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002394 lisinopril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N lisinopril Chemical compound C([C@H](N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229950007692 lomerizine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004773 losartan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N losartan Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2[N]N=NN=2)C=C1 KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000863 loss of memory Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960003963 manidipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ANEBWFXPVPTEET-UHFFFAOYSA-N manidipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCCN2CCN(CC2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ANEBWFXPVPTEET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine Chemical compound ClCCN(C)CCCl HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004961 mechlorethamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003464 mefenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HYYBABOKPJLUIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N mefenamic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(NC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1C HYYBABOKPJLUIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001786 megestrol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RQZAXGRLVPAYTJ-GQFGMJRRSA-N megestrol acetate Chemical compound C1=C(C)C2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RQZAXGRLVPAYTJ-GQFGMJRRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950004994 meglitinide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003134 mepindolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 2
- VKQFCGNPDRICFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O VKQFCGNPDRICFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N metoprolol Chemical compound COCCC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)C=C1 IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002237 metoprolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003404 mexiletine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004438 mibefradil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000350 mitotane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005285 mofebutazone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N mofebutazone Chemical compound O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229950002481 moprolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LFTFGCDECFPSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N moprolol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC(O)CNC(C)C LFTFGCDECFPSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N myricetin Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C=2OC3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000007743 myricetin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940116852 myricetin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003703 n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004270 nabumetone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004255 nadolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VWPOSFSPZNDTMJ-UCWKZMIHSA-N nadolol Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C VWPOSFSPZNDTMJ-UCWKZMIHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPZVYDSBLFNMLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nadoxolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CC(/N)=N/O)=CC=CC2=C1 UPZVYDSBLFNMLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004501 nadoxolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000619 nebivolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004126 nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960001783 nicardipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LBHIOVVIQHSOQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicorandil Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCNC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 LBHIOVVIQHSOQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002497 nicorandil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XWXYUMMDTVBTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nilutamide Chemical compound O=C1C(C)(C)NC(=O)N1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 XWXYUMMDTVBTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002653 nilutamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005366 nilvadipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000965 nimesulide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HYWYRSMBCFDLJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimesulide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 HYWYRSMBCFDLJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950000754 nipradilol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000227 nisoldipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005425 nitrendipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950006344 nocodazole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001027 opium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L oxaliplatin Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(=O)O[Pt]11N[C@@H]2CCCC[C@H]2N1 DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960001756 oxaliplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004570 oxprenolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 102000002574 p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010068338 p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229960001789 papaverine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002296 paroxetine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MRWQRJMESRRJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentifylline Chemical compound O=C1N(CCCCCC)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 MRWQRJMESRRJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N pentostatin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(N=CNC[C@H]2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002340 pentostatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001151 peptidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPJSUEIXXCENMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacetin Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 CPJSUEIXXCENMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002895 phenylbutazone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002036 phenytoin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003757 phosphotransferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005095 pioglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N piroxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002702 piroxicam Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108020001213 potassium channel Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229960001749 practolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DURULFYMVIFBIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N practolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 DURULFYMVIFBIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001289 prazosin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001989 prenylamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950000992 pronetalol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000203 propafenone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JWHAUXFOSRPERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propafenone Chemical compound CCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 JWHAUXFOSRPERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KAQKFAOMNZTLHT-OZUDYXHBSA-N prostaglandin I2 Chemical compound O1\C(=C/CCCC(O)=O)C[C@@H]2[C@@H](/C=C/[C@@H](O)CCCCC)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]21 KAQKFAOMNZTLHT-OZUDYXHBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000001514 prostate carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940076372 protein antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000856 protein c Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007575 pulmonary infarction Effects 0.000 description 2
- PMXCMJLOPOFPBT-HNNXBMFYSA-N purvalanol A Chemical compound C=12N=CN(C(C)C)C2=NC(N[C@@H](CO)C(C)C)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 PMXCMJLOPOFPBT-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001455 quinapril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N quinapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N quinidine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004622 raloxifene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003401 ramipril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N ramipril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940044551 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008263 repair mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000037803 restenosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SOEDEYVDCDYMMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N robinetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 SOEDEYVDCDYMMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004586 rosiglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVYADZUPLLSGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N salsalate Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O WVYADZUPLLSGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950010729 salverine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950003367 semotiadil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000013223 septicemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003195 sodium channel blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N spironolactone Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CCC(=O)C=C4C[C@H]([C@@H]13)SC(=O)C)C[C@@]21CCC(=O)O1 LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002256 spironolactone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003658 talinolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MXFWWQICDIZSOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N talinolol Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1CCCCC1 MXFWWQICDIZSOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N terazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1CCCO1 VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001693 terazosin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229960003352 tertatolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004072 thrombin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000103 thrombolytic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000005665 thrombophilia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ticlopidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1CN1CC(C=CS2)=C2CC1 PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005001 ticlopidine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002872 tocainide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950000245 toliprolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000363 trapidil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000575 trastuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002117 triamcinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 2
- LMJSLTNSBFUCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlormethiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NC(C(Cl)Cl)NS2(=O)=O LMJSLTNSBFUCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004813 trichlormethiazide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004699 valsartan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SJSNUMAYCRRIOM-QFIPXVFZSA-N valsartan Chemical compound C1=CC(CN(C(=O)CCCC)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 SJSNUMAYCRRIOM-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950005577 vesnarinone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019160 vitamin B3 Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011708 vitamin B3 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DBGIVFWFUFKIQN-VIFPVBQESA-N (+)-Fenfluramine Chemical compound CCN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 DBGIVFWFUFKIQN-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWYNJERNGUHSAO-XUDSTZEESA-N (+)-Norgestrel Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](CC)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 WWYNJERNGUHSAO-XUDSTZEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBGIVFWFUFKIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Fenfluramine Chemical compound CCNC(C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 DBGIVFWFUFKIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-DABA Natural products NCCC(N)C(O)=O OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-UKRRQHHQSA-N (-)-epicatechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-UKRRQHHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-CBAPKCEASA-N (-)-norephedrine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-CBAPKCEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVITTYOJFDLOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidin-4-yl) propanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(OC(=O)CC)CC(C)N(C)CC1C UVITTYOJFDLOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APUDBKTWDCXQJA-XQBPLPMBSA-N (1R)-4-[(2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]-1-phenyl-1-pyridin-2-ylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound C[C@H]1CCC[C@@H](C)N1CCC[C@](O)(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 APUDBKTWDCXQJA-XQBPLPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWHPNJVKFAPVOG-QYFJGNGUSA-N (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1C(C2)CC(C3)CC2CC13[C@H]1O[C@@H](CN)C2=CC=C(O)C(O)=C2C1 BWHPNJVKFAPVOG-QYFJGNGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXLBSYHAEKDUSU-JXMROGBWSA-N (2e)-2-(fluoromethylidene)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-amine Chemical compound NC\C(=C\F)CCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VXLBSYHAEKDUSU-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJMIEHBSYVWVIN-LLVKDONJSA-N (2r)-2-[4-(3-oxo-1h-isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1N1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1 RJMIEHBSYVWVIN-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVXFXLSOGLFXKQ-JMSVASOKSA-N (2s)-1-[(2r,4r)-5-ethoxy-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxopentanoyl]-2,3-dihydroindole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)OCC)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC2=C1 NVXFXLSOGLFXKQ-JMSVASOKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N (2s)-2-(5-benzoylthiophen-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound S1C([C@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N (2s)-2-[4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC([C@@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKFCISHFRZHKHY-NGQGLHOPSA-N (2s)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.OC(=O)[C@](N)(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1.OC(=O)[C@](N)(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YKFCISHFRZHKHY-NGQGLHOPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M (3R,5S)-fluvastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C12=CC=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WJBHHTPFTVKZCV-CVEARBPZSA-N (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-[(3-oxo-1-cyclopentenyl)oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C2=CC(=CC=C2OC([C@H]1O)(C)C)C#N)C1=CC(=O)CC1 WJBHHTPFTVKZCV-CVEARBPZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQANPHBRHBJGNZ-FYJGNVAPSA-N (3e)-6-oxo-3-[[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C(C(=O)O)=C\C1=N\NC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC=2N=CC=CC=2)C=C1 OQANPHBRHBJGNZ-FYJGNVAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUKWUWBLQQDQAC-VEQWQPCFSA-N (3s)-3-amino-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s,3s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(1s)-1-carboxyethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-ox Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CUKWUWBLQQDQAC-VEQWQPCFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N (4e)-4-(ethoxymethylidene)-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(=C/OCC)\N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKSZLDSPXIWGFO-BLOJGBSASA-N (4r,4ar,7s,7ar,12bs)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1h-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-ol;phosphoric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O.C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC.C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC DKSZLDSPXIWGFO-BLOJGBSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCXHDORHMMZBBZ-DORFAMGDSA-N (4r,4ar,7s,7ar,12bs)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1h-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-ol;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC.C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC BCXHDORHMMZBBZ-DORFAMGDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEQANNDTNATYII-OULOTJBUSA-N (4r,7s,10s,13r,16s,19r)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-19-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-16-benzyl-n-[(2r,3r)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-13-(1h-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carboxa Chemical compound C([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC1=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DEQANNDTNATYII-OULOTJBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHEIHLVIKSTGJE-YXJHDRRASA-N (6ar,9s,10ar)-9-(diethylsulfamoylamino)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CN(C)[C@@H]2C2)NS(=O)(=O)N(CC)CC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 YHEIHLVIKSTGJE-YXJHDRRASA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVYCRJXQZUCUND-PQXSVQADSA-N (6s,8s,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-17-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6,10,13-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C(=O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]21 SVYCRJXQZUCUND-PQXSVQADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWWSFMDVAYGXBV-MYPASOLCSA-N (7r,9s)-7-[(2r,4s,5s,6s)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7h-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O([C@@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MWWSFMDVAYGXBV-MYPASOLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8R,11R,12R,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxo-13-prostenoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)C=CC1C(O)CC(=O)C1CCCCCCC(O)=O GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTRSPDHUDXWHRY-LURJTMIESA-N (8s)-8-methyl-6,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7,10-dione Chemical compound N1C(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)C11CCCC1 LTRSPDHUDXWHRY-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N (R)-citalopram Chemical compound C1([C@@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N (R)-fluoxetine Chemical compound O([C@H](CCNC)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-ACJLOTCBSA-N (R,R)-labetalol Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C=1C=C(C(O)=CC=1)C(N)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-ACJLOTCBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N (R,R)-tramadol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC([C@]2(O)[C@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWBNMYSKRDRHAT-RCWTXCDDSA-N (S)-timolol hemihydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=NSN=C1N1CCOCC1.CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=NSN=C1N1CCOCC1 TWBNMYSKRDRHAT-RCWTXCDDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZMSHBOVYPIYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZMSHBOVYPIYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOZLRRYPUKAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-(propan-2-ylamino)-3-pyrazolone Chemical compound O=C1C(NC(C)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 XOZLRRYPUKAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKUAPSRIYZLAAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenylethyl)piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 LKUAPSRIYZLAAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQRSDXYBBXZHAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-6-methylindole Chemical class C12=CC(C)=CC=C2C=CN1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OQRSDXYBBXZHAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHOSCKKNURHTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(benzenesulfonyl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C2N1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BHOSCKKNURHTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUOJIACWOAYWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C)=CC2=C1OCC(CNC(C)(C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UUOJIACWOAYWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpyrrole Chemical compound CN1C=CC=C1 OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJJPKIPOZSWUHV-QGZVFWFLSA-N 1-[(2r)-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-methyl-6-nitrochromen-4-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O([C@@](C=1)(C)C2OCCO2)C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=1N1CCCC1=O NJJPKIPOZSWUHV-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKAQWOWWTKFLNX-UXHICEINSA-N 1-[(3s,4r)-6-(benzenesulfonyl)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-4-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2C3=CC(=CC=C3OC([C@H]2O)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCC1=O LKAQWOWWTKFLNX-UXHICEINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETNYSZHXJZOLF-RDRKJGRWSA-N 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-[(e)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine;methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O.CS(O)(=O)=O.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)OCCN1CCN(C\C=C\C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 GETNYSZHXJZOLF-RDRKJGRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOROEVAWQLGPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzhydryl-4-methylpiperazine;2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O.C1CN(C)CCN1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JOROEVAWQLGPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVVNZDGDKPTYHK-JTQLQIEISA-N 1-cyano-2-[(2s)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-3-pyridin-4-ylguanidine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[C@H](C)N=C(NC#N)NC1=CC=NC=C1 IVVNZDGDKPTYHK-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPNPFISPYWNXBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC)C(C)=NC2=C1 IPNPFISPYWNXBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWZDIEIXRBWPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound CN1C=NC=N1 MWZDIEIXRBWPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYYDHUILGLWOOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)ethanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)CNC1=CC=CC=N1 HYYDHUILGLWOOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZESRJSPZRDMNHY-YFWFAHHUSA-N 11-deoxycorticosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 ZESRJSPZRDMNHY-YFWFAHHUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 17β-estradiol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCBIFHNDZBSCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 ZCBIFHNDZBSCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAWXTSMHXFRLQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis($l^{1}-oxidanyl)-7-nitroquinoxaline-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)N=C2C=C(C#N)C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC2=N1 IAWXTSMHXFRLQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPNRQCYSFBWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)N1 PAPNRQCYSFBWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXUTTGMFUSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine Chemical class C1=CNC(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=N1 SZXUTTGMFUSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COAWNPJQKJEHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-1lambda^{4}-chromen-1-ylium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[O+]=1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=C(O)C=1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 COAWNPJQKJEHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEMLYXMVPJAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.CC1=NC=CN1 DEMLYXMVPJAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLVXAUNDHWERBM-IVGWJTKZSA-N 2-[1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindol-3-yl]-n-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl]acetamide Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XLVXAUNDHWERBM-IVGWJTKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APBSKHYXXKHJFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CSC(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=N1 APBSKHYXXKHJFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBMYKMYQHCBIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-hydroxy-3-[[1-(1h-indol-3-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]amino]propoxy]benzonitrile Chemical compound C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(C)(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C#N FBMYKMYQHCBIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANMLJLFWUCQGKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (3-oxo-1H-isobenzofuran-1-yl) ester Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NC=2C(=CC=CN=2)C(=O)OC2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)O2)=C1 ANMLJLFWUCQGKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XILVEPYQJIOVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]benzoic acid 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl ester Chemical compound OCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 XILVEPYQJIOVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQDPVLVUJFGPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]pyrimidine Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1CN(CC1)CCN1C1=NC=CC=N1 OQDPVLVUJFGPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAMFWQIVVMITPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=NN(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YAMFWQIVVMITPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIEKMACRVQTPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-thiazolyl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC=1SC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JIEKMACRVQTPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQPPOXSMSDPZKU-JQIJEIRASA-N 2-[4-[(3e)-3-hydroxyiminocyclohexyl]phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C1CC(=N/O)/CCC1 IQPPOXSMSDPZKU-JQIJEIRASA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSVFSAJIGAJDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CC=1NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCCN(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)C=1P1(=O)OCC(C)(C)CO1 NSVFSAJIGAJDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJBCTCGUOQYZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxybenzoate;(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)azanium Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CCCC[NH3+].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O JJBCTCGUOQYZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BURBNIPKSRJAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 BURBNIPKSRJAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzhydryloxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCHHJFVNQPPLJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carboxyphenolate;1h-imidazol-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CNC=N1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O XCHHJFVNQPPLJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MECVOSKQBMPUFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carboxyphenolate;morpholin-4-ium Chemical group C1COCCN1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O MECVOSKQBMPUFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJABSZITRMATFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-phenylfuran-3-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=C(C)OC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 UJABSZITRMATFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTRPRMNBTVRDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical group CNC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 CTRPRMNBTVRDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWYHDSLIWMUSOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 DWYHDSLIWMUSOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFKUDWZICMJVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonooxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)(O)=O FFKUDWZICMJVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NMKSAYKQLCHXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-diphenyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)-1-propanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)NCCC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NMKSAYKQLCHXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxy-15-(4-hydroxy-18-methoxycarbonyl-5,18-seco-ibogamin-18-yl)-16-methoxy-1-methyl-6,7-didehydro-aspidospermidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004211 3,5-difluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(F)C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 1
- UQJSHXYNNVEGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=C2C(C)=CSC2=C1 UQJSHXYNNVEGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXZZEXZZKAWDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-(4-Benzamidopiperid-1-yl)ethyl)indole Chemical compound C1CN(CCC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)CCC1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JXZZEXZZKAWDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXKBTDJJEQQEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzoyl)-2-ethyl-benzofuran-6-sulfonic acid [4-(thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenyl]-amide Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)S(=O)(=O)NC=3SC=CN=3)=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 SXKBTDJJEQQEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(azaniumylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoate Chemical class CC(C)CC(CN)CC(O)=O AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxydecanoyloxy]decanoic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC1C(OC(CC(=O)OC(CCCCCCC)CC(O)=O)CCCCCCC)OC(C)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRPLANDPDWYOMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCC1 ZRPLANDPDWYOMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYNWSQDZXMGGGI-NUEKZKHPSA-N 3-hydroxymorphinan Chemical compound C1CCC[C@H]2[C@H]3CC4=CC=C(O)C=C4[C@]21CCN3 IYNWSQDZXMGGGI-NUEKZKHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFJMHTOBRRZELQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodo-2h-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=C2C(I)=NNC2=C1 BFJMHTOBRRZELQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPVERUJGFNNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(I)=C1C(O)=O HNPVERUJGFNNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001331 3-methylbutoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloxolane Chemical compound CC1CCOC1 LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003483 4 aminobutyric acid A receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VJPANQWIZQHGMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-propyl-3,6-dihydro-2h-pyridin-5-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound C1N(CCC)CCC=C1C1=CSC(N)=N1 VJPANQWIZQHGMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOVTUUKKGNHVFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(fluoren-9-ylidenemethyl)benzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 WOVTUUKKGNHVFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYNVMODNBIQBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-hydroxy-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1CC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1C(C)C(O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UYNVMODNBIQBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSUSKMBNZQHHPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-pyridin-4-ylimidazol-2-yl]but-3-yn-1-ol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCCN1C(C#CCCO)=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 QSUSKMBNZQHHPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNKRHSVKIORZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1O KNKRHSVKIORZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMKNHLPRDSWAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butyl-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione;4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=NCCS1.O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 IMKNHLPRDSWAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBFGQUCAQWAFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-phenyl-1h-pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C(CC)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)NN1C1CCN(C)CC1 LBFGQUCAQWAFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFUAWXPBHXKZGA-IBGZPJMESA-N 4-fluoro-2-[(4r)-5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(1h-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-2-ylmethyl)pentan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C([C@@](O)(CC=1NC2=CN=CC=C2C=1)C(F)(F)F)C(C)(C)C1=CC(F)=CC=C1O JFUAWXPBHXKZGA-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- ORLGLBZRQYOWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(N)=C1 ORLGLBZRQYOWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEUAEICGCMSYCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(7-chloroquinolin-1-ium-4-yl)-1-n,1-n-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 AEUAEICGCMSYCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQKFQBTWXOGINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(O)CCNCC1 KQKFQBTWXOGINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002124 5'-adenosyl group Chemical group N1=CN=C2N(C=NC2=C1N)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)C* 0.000 description 1
- OGELTFZRACUWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6,7,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical class O1C(C(O)=O)CCC2=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C21 OGELTFZRACUWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBSOIXXDPKIKML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-ol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(O)O1 DBSOIXXDPKIKML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHEOSCDKVOUWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,2-diol Chemical compound OC1(OC(CC1)CO)O MHEOSCDKVOUWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000056834 5-HT2 Serotonin Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005479 5-HT2 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DVEQCIBLXRSYPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-butyl-1-cyclohexylbarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)NC(=O)N1C1CCCCC1 DVEQCIBLXRSYPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNYURIHMNFPQFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1-benzothiophene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 SNYURIHMNFPQFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INNWVRBZMBCEJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1h-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol;hydrobromide Chemical group Br.C1=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2CCNCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 INNWVRBZMBCEJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNACOBVZDCLAEV-GXKRWWSZSA-N 6-[2-[[2-[(2s)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethylamino]pyridine-3-carbonitrile;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.N1([C@@H](CCC1)C#N)C(=O)CNCCNC1=CC=C(C#N)C=N1 VNACOBVZDCLAEV-GXKRWWSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWLCIDLCEZAOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[2-phenylethyl(propyl)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CC2=C(O)C=CC=C2CC1N(CCC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XWLCIDLCEZAOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWFDCTXCTHGORH-HGHGUNKESA-N 6-[4-[(6ar,9r,10ar)-5-bromo-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carbonyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-methylpyridin-2-one Chemical compound O=C([C@H]1CN([C@H]2[C@@H](C=3C=CC=C4NC(Br)=C(C=34)C2)C1)C)N(CC1)CCN1C1=CC=CC(=O)N1C AWFDCTXCTHGORH-HGHGUNKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCYLDXMXEPSXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-2-(2-chloroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one Chemical compound O1C(CCCl)NC(=O)C2=CC(N)=CC=C21 PCYLDXMXEPSXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVKILQAPNDCUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2N=CSC2=C1 IVKILQAPNDCUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOGMIMNVXACKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-1-benzothiophene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C=CSC2=C1 WOGMIMNVXACKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONYNOPPOVKYGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-1h-indole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C=CNC2=C1 ONYNOPPOVKYGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHSSDEDRBUKTQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enyl-4,5,7,8-tetrahydrothiazolo[4,5-d]azepin-2-amine Chemical compound C1CN(CC=C)CCC2=C1N=C(N)S2 DHSSDEDRBUKTQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYYIMZRZXIQBGI-HVIRSNARSA-N 6alpha-Fluoroprednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C[C@H](F)C2=C1 MYYIMZRZXIQBGI-HVIRSNARSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYHQZNGJUGFTGR-LURJTMIESA-N 7-[(2s)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C[C@@H](O)C KYHQZNGJUGFTGR-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVNFBBAOMBJTST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-(2-phenylethyl)-1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)NCC11CCN(CCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 FVNFBBAOMBJTST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWJFNRJRHXWEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ADP ribose Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O)C(O)C1O PWJFNRJRHXWEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005730 ADP ribosylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010000234 Abortion spontaneous Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010000372 Accident at work Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100578 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001395 Acute radiation syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010001052 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026872 Addison Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000011690 Adiponectin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076365 Adiponectin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017194 Affective disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FHHHOYXPRDYHEZ-COXVUDFISA-N Alacepril Chemical compound CC(=O)SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FHHHOYXPRDYHEZ-COXVUDFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010053 Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010053754 Aldehyde reductase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100027265 Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940077274 Alpha glucosidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLFWWDJHLFCNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aminoantipyrine Natural products CN1C(C)=C(N)C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 RLFWWDJHLFCNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMMXTBMQSGEXHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aminophenazone Chemical compound O=C1C(N(C)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMMXTBMQSGEXHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002388 Angina unstable Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940123413 Angiotensin II antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000008873 Angiotensin II receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050000824 Angiotensin II receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102400000345 Angiotensin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800000733 Angiotensin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010002556 Ankylosing Spondylitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020005544 Antisense RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000935 Antithrombin III Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022977 Antithrombin-III Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000032467 Aplastic anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N Aromasine Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(=C)C2=C1 BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940122815 Aromatase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010894 Artemisia argyi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000015790 Asparaginase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010024976 Asparaginase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000037260 Atherosclerotic Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atorvastatin Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031212 Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MREBEPTUUMTTIA-PCLIKHOPSA-N Azimilide Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CCCCN1C(=O)N(\N=C\C=2OC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CC1=O MREBEPTUUMTTIA-PCLIKHOPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUVIULQEHSCUHY-XYWKZLDCSA-N Beclometasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(Cl)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O KUVIULQEHSCUHY-XYWKZLDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSSMIJUDVUASQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzylhydrochlorothiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(S(N2)(=O)=O)=C1NC2CC1=CC=CC=C1 BWSSMIJUDVUASQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022548 Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MNIPYSSQXLZQLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)COC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl MNIPYSSQXLZQLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000021657 Birth injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010051479 Bombesin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013585 Bombesin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003508 Botulism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014644 Brain disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010006458 Bronchitis chronic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N Budesonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(CCC)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHLJLALHBZGAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bunazosinum Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)CCC)CCCN1C1=NC(N)=C(C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)C2=N1 RHLJLALHBZGAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002080 C09CA02 - Eprosartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002053 C09CA06 - Candesartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEYPAYJYAZKERR-JLHYYAGUSA-N CGP 28014 Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)\C=N\C1=CC=CC(=O)N1 MEYPAYJYAZKERR-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KORNTPPJEAJQIU-KJXAQDMKSA-N Cabaser Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@H](CN(CC=C)[C@@H]2C2)C(=O)N(CCCN(C)C)C(=O)NCC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 KORNTPPJEAJQIU-KJXAQDMKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010006895 Cachexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QLTVVOATEHFXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cadralazine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NNC1=CC=C(N(CC)CC(C)O)N=N1 QLTVVOATEHFXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589875 Campylobacter jejuni Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940122820 Cannabinoid receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010007637 Cardiomyopathy alcoholic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000011727 Caspases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076667 Caspases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000994 Catalytic RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000053642 Catalytic RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000002177 Cataract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014912 Central Nervous System Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IFYLTXNCFVRALQ-OALUTQOASA-N Ceronapril Chemical compound O([C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)P(O)(=O)CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 IFYLTXNCFVRALQ-OALUTQOASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chavibetol Natural products COC1=CC=C(CC=C)C=C1O NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000009043 Chemical Burns Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018380 Chemical injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PCLITLDOTJTVDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlormethiazole Chemical compound CC=1N=CSC=1CCCl PCLITLDOTJTVDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKWGIWYCVPQPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloropropamide Chemical compound CCCNC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RKWGIWYCVPQPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010008616 Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710150887 Cholecystokinin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001268 Cholestyramine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UDKCHVLMFQVBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Choline salicylate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O UDKCHVLMFQVBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010077544 Chromatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010008909 Chronic Hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IPOBOOXFSRWSHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cibenzoline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1C1=NCCN1 IPOBOOXFSRWSHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010005939 Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031614 Ciliary neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- KKDBZWZRJNRBGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cl[Ti]Cl.[CH]1C=CC=C1 Chemical compound Cl[Ti]Cl.[CH]1C=CC=C1 KKDBZWZRJNRBGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000000405 Clarin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050008883 Clarin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OIRAEJWYWSAQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clidanac Chemical compound ClC=1C=C2C(C(=O)O)CCC2=CC=1C1CCCCC1 OIRAEJWYWSAQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMOVQUBVGICXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clinofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(CC)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(OC(C)(CC)C(O)=O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 BMOVQUBVGICXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022641 Coagulation factor IX Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032170 Congenital Abnormalities Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010741 Conjunctivitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000557626 Corvus corax Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- TVZCRIROJQEVOT-CABCVRRESA-N Cromakalim Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2C3=CC(=CC=C3OC([C@H]2O)(C)C)C#N)CCCC1=O TVZCRIROJQEVOT-CABCVRRESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016736 Cyclin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006400 Cyclin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005778 DNA damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000277 DNA damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940123736 Decarboxylase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010051055 Deep vein thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019505 Deglutition disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydroepiandrosterone Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)=O)C4C3CC=C21 FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCPYCNBGGPHOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Delphinidin Natural products OC1=Cc2c(O)cc(O)cc2OC1=C3C=C(O)C(=O)C(=C3)O GCPYCNBGGPHOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010012434 Dermatitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012455 Dermatitis exfoliative Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010048768 Dermatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Desimpramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010012643 Diabetic amyotrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000001879 Digitalis lutea Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010067722 Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025012 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000006926 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLVMAMIPILWYHQ-INIZCTEOSA-N Docarpamine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC1=CC=C(CCNC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(C)=O)C=C1OC(=O)OCC ZLVMAMIPILWYHQ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003361 Drimia maritima Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100025586 Drosophila melanogaster Nadsyn gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003870 Drug Overdose Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013887 Dysarthria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012661 Dyskinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032928 Dyslipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030814 Eating disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013935 Electric injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005189 Embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- URJQOOISAKEBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Emorfazone Chemical compound C1=NN(C)C(=O)C(OCC)=C1N1CCOCC1 URJQOOISAKEBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010014561 Emphysema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014989 Epidermolysis bullosa Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RHAXSHUQNIEUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epirizole Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=NN1C1=NC(C)=CC(OC)=N1 RHAXSHUQNIEUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015218 Erythema multiforme Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015226 Erythema nodosum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940122601 Esterase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-LEPYJNQMSA-N Ethyl morphine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OCC OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-LEPYJNQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylmorphine Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OCC OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005770 Eugenol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010076282 Factor IX Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019454 Feeding and Eating disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RBBWCVQDXDFISW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Feprazone Chemical compound O=C1C(CC=C(C)C)C(=O)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 RBBWCVQDXDFISW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010049003 Fibrinogen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008946 Fibrinogen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940122331 Fibrinogen antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010029961 Filgrastim Proteins 0.000 description 1
- APQPGQGAWABJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Floctafenine Chemical compound OCC(O)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=NC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C12 APQPGQGAWABJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POPFMWWJOGLOIF-XWCQMRHXSA-N Flurandrenolide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O POPFMWWJOGLOIF-XWCQMRHXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123414 Folate antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical class NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024412 Friedreich ataxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004300 GABA-A Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000839 GABA-A Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QTQMRBZOBKYXCG-MHZLTWQESA-N GW 1929 Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCN(C)C=1N=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QTQMRBZOBKYXCG-MHZLTWQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQTITSBNGSVQNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N GYKI 52895 Chemical compound N=1NC(C)CC2=CC=3OCOC=3C=C2C=1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 AQTITSBNGSVQNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXRVKCBLGJOCEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gaboxadol Chemical compound C1NCCC2=C1ONC2=O ZXRVKCBLGJOCEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101800002068 Galanin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102400001370 Galanin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PGTVWKLGGCQMBR-FLBATMFCSA-N Ganaxolone Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)[C@](C)(O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 PGTVWKLGGCQMBR-FLBATMFCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010018366 Glomerulonephritis acute Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102400000321 Glucagon Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060003199 Glucagon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAEKWTJYAYMJKF-QHCPKHFHSA-N GlucoNorm Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(OCC)=CC(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)N2CCCCC2)=C1 FAEKWTJYAYMJKF-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010018429 Glucose tolerance impaired Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940122459 Glutamate antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000007390 Glycogen Phosphorylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046163 Glycogen Phosphorylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000051366 Glycosyltransferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700023372 Glycosyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010018634 Gouty Arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100039619 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000003807 Graves Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015023 Graves' disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WDZVGELJXXEGPV-YIXHJXPBSA-N Guanabenz Chemical compound NC(N)=N\N=C\C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl WDZVGELJXXEGPV-YIXHJXPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INJOMKTZOLKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanfacine Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl INJOMKTZOLKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010023302 HDL Cholesterol Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940121710 HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000606768 Haemophilus influenzae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000606766 Haemophilus parainfluenzae Species 0.000 description 1
- FOHHNHSLJDZUGQ-VWLOTQADSA-N Halofantrine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C2C([C@@H](O)CCN(CCCC)CCCC)=CC3=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C3C2=C1 FOHHNHSLJDZUGQ-VWLOTQADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCISZOVUHXIOFY-HKXOFBAYSA-N Halopredone acetate Chemical compound C1([C@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C(Br)=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@](OC(C)=O)(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O YCISZOVUHXIOFY-HKXOFBAYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000030836 Hashimoto thyroiditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062506 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019728 Hepatitis alcoholic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000028782 Hereditary disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N Heroin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)OC(C)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4OC(C)=O GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001045440 Homo sapiens Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000780028 Homo sapiens Natriuretic peptides A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000714260 Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000701085 Human alphaherpesvirus 3 Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020608 Hypercoagulation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010060378 Hyperinsulinaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058222 Hypertensive cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZJVFLBOZORBYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibudilast Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(=O)C(C)C)C(C(C)C)=NN21 ZJVFLBOZORBYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALOBUEHUHMBRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibutilide Chemical compound CCCCCCCN(CC)CCCC(O)C1=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 ALOBUEHUHMBRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021518 Impaired gastric emptying Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021639 Incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010005716 Interferon beta-1a Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000467 Interferon-beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003996 Interferon-beta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010022998 Irritability Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010048858 Ischaemic cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophenergan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UETNIIAIRMUTSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Jacareubin Natural products CC1(C)OC2=CC3Oc4c(O)c(O)ccc4C(=O)C3C(=C2C=C1)O UETNIIAIRMUTSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012659 Joint disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003456 Juvenile Arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010059176 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VLSMHEGGTFMBBZ-OOZYFLPDSA-M Kainate Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@H]1C[NH2+][C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1CC([O-])=O VLSMHEGGTFMBBZ-OOZYFLPDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ALFGKMXHOUSVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ketobemidone Chemical compound C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1C1(C(=O)CC)CCN(C)CC1 ALFGKMXHOUSVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000913 Kidney Calculi Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010009384 L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005517 L01XE01 - Imatinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010028554 LDL Cholesterol Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010007622 LDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007330 LDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAYAGJDXJIDEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lanatoside C Natural products CC1OC(OC2CC3C(C4C(C5(CCC(C5(C)C(O)C4)C=4COC(=O)C=4)O)CC3)(C)CC2)CC(O)C1OC(OC1C)CC(O)C1OC(OC1C)CC(OC(C)=O)C1OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O JAYAGJDXJIDEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001630723 Lepophidium brevibarbe Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940122942 Leptin receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OZYUPQUCAUTOBP-QXAKKESOSA-N Levallorphan Chemical compound C([C@H]12)CCC[C@@]11CCN(CC=C)[C@@H]2CC2=CC=C(O)C=C21 OZYUPQUCAUTOBP-QXAKKESOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N Levamisole Chemical compound C1([C@H]2CN3CCSC3=N2)=CC=CC=C1 HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N Levorphanol Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@]23CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCCC3 JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000009829 Lewy Body Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002832 Lewy body dementia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017170 Lipid metabolism disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010049287 Lipodystrophy acquired Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lomustine Chemical compound ClCCN(N=O)C(=O)NC1CCCCC1 GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000016604 Lyme disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010000410 MSH receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010054805 Macroangiopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meclofenamic Acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(NC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1Cl SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WESWYMRNZNDGBX-YLCXCWDSSA-N Mefloquine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C=2C3=CC=CC(=C3N=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)CCCN1 WESWYMRNZNDGBX-YLCXCWDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMNOERSLNYGGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mefruside Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=CC=1S(=O)(=O)N(C)CC1(C)CCCO1 SMNOERSLNYGGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRVUJXDFFKFLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meloxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=NC=C(C)S1 ZRVUJXDFFKFLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024556 Mendelian disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037093 Menstruation Disturbances Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meperidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCN(C)CC1 XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOGTZOOQQBDUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Mesna Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCS XOGTZOOQQBDUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- FNQQBFNIYODEMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meticrane Chemical compound C1CCS(=O)(=O)C2=C1C=C(C)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C2 FNQQBFNIYODEMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZQDCMWJEBCWBR-UUOKFMHZSA-N Mizoribine Chemical compound OC1=C(C(=O)N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HZQDCMWJEBCWBR-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJEIHHYCDCTAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mofezolac (TN) Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=NOC(CC(O)=O)=C1C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 DJEIHHYCDCTAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940086616 Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000019022 Mood disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026072 Motor neurone disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000654471 Mus musculus NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186362 Mycobacterium leprae Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000003793 Myelodysplastic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014767 Myeloproliferative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009525 Myocarditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-hexadecylthiophene-2-carbohydrazide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNNC(=O)c1cccs1 HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-(2-(4-Ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl)propionanilide Chemical compound C1CN(CCN2C(N(CC)N=N2)=O)CCC1(COC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGZDBVOTUVNQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-phthalazinylamino)carbamic acid ethyl ester Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NNC(=O)OCC)=NN=CC2=C1 WGZDBVOTUVNQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182474 N-glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VCOYRKXQRUGBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[Cl] Chemical compound N.[Cl] VCOYRKXQRUGBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108030003379 NAD(+) synthases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030710 NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940099433 NMDA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HRRBJVNMSRJFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naftopidil Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1N1CCN(CC(O)COC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)CC1 HRRBJVNMSRJFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIQMVEYFGZJHCZ-SSTWWWIQSA-N Nalorphine Chemical compound C([C@@H](N(CC1)CC=C)[C@@H]2C=C[C@@H]3O)C4=CC=C(O)C5=C4[C@@]21[C@H]3O5 UIQMVEYFGZJHCZ-SSTWWWIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naproxen Natural products C1=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGPDEAGGEXEMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nefopam Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CN(C)CCOC1C1=CC=CC=C1 RGPDEAGGEXEMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029148 Nephrolithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004404 Neurofibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010060860 Neurological symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710138657 Neurotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YSEXMKHXIOCEJA-FVFQAYNVSA-N Nicergoline Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@]2([C@H](N(C)C1)CC=1C3=C2C=CC=C3N(C)C=1)OC)OC(=O)C1=CN=CC(Br)=C1 YSEXMKHXIOCEJA-FVFQAYNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUEUWHJGRZKESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niceritrol Chemical compound C=1C=CN=CC=1C(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=1C=NC=CC=1)(COC(=O)C=1C=NC=CC=1)COC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 KUEUWHJGRZKESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000780 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700040046 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YPVGGQKNWAKOPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nifekalant hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C(NCCN(CCO)CCCC=2C=CC(=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)=C1 YPVGGQKNWAKOPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZFPYUNJRRFVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niflumic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 JZFPYUNJRRFVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022397 Nitric oxide synthase, brain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710111444 Nitric oxide synthase, brain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nortryptiline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSHZHSPISPJWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol Chemical compound O1C(CC=C(C)C)C1(C)C1C(OC)C(OC(=O)NC(=O)CCl)CCC21CO2 MSHZHSPISPJWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYHGYVQVKPPGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)O.N Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)O.N IYHGYVQVKPPGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061876 Obstruction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010016076 Octreotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000022873 Ocular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010030216 Oesophagitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940121954 Opioid receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940123730 Orexin receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940079172 Osmotic diuretic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033296 Overdoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940087098 Oxidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N Oxycodone Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1O2)CC[C@@]3(O)[C@H]4CC5=CC=C(OC)C2=C5[C@@]13CCN4C BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQCNKQCJZOAFTQ-ISWURRPUSA-N Oxymorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@]23O)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O UQCNKQCJZOAFTQ-ISWURRPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000023984 PPAR alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010028924 PPAR alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010016731 PPAR gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000536 PPAR gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150023417 PPARG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MKPDWECBUAZOHP-AFYJWTTESA-N Paramethasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O MKPDWECBUAZOHP-AFYJWTTESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007542 Paresis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000026 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentoxifylline Chemical compound O=C1N(CCCCC(=O)C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710176384 Peptide 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000005764 Peripheral Arterial Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030831 Peripheral arterial occlusive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034719 Personality change Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940123932 Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099471 Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJEWTUDSLQGTOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piretanide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC=1C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=CC=1N1CCCC1 UJEWTUDSLQGTOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000001938 Plasminogen Activators Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001014 Plasminogen Activators Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000000474 Poliomyelitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000012338 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010061844 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000020424 Polyglandular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CYLWJCABXYDINA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polythiazide Polymers ClC1=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C(CSCC(F)(F)F)NC2=C1 CYLWJCABXYDINA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVQZAMVBTVNYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pranoprofen Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C3OC2=N1 TVQZAMVBTVNYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032319 Primary lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101800004937 Protein C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010094028 Prothrombin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VSQMKHNDXWGCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Protizinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=C2SC3=CC(OC)=CC=C3N(C)C2=C1 VSQMKHNDXWGCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVMRYBDEERADNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudoeugenol Natural products COC1=CC(C(C)=C)=CC=C1O UVMRYBDEERADNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001263 Psoriatic Arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000274582 Pycnanthus angolensis Species 0.000 description 1
- ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetagetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091030071 RNAI Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010068142 Radiation sickness syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003782 Raynaud disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012322 Raynaud phenomenon Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZTVQQQVZCWLTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Remifentanil Chemical compound C1CN(CCC(=O)OC)CCC1(C(=O)OC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZTVQQQVZCWLTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013616 Respiratory Distress Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resveratrol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(C=CC=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007014 Retinitis pigmentosa Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BKRGVLQUQGGVSM-KBXCAEBGSA-N Revanil Chemical compound C1=CC(C=2[C@H](N(C)C[C@H](C=2)NC(=O)N(CC)CC)C2)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 BKRGVLQUQGGVSM-KBXCAEBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010039085 Rhinitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhynchosin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091028664 Ribonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Riluzole Chemical compound C1=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C2SC(N)=NC2=C1 FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-N S-adenosyl-L-methioninate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C[S+](CC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091005770 SIRT3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000286063 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicilamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000203 Salix gracilistyla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000021811 Sandhoff disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102400000827 Saposin-D Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800001700 Saposin-D Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010039793 Seborrhoeic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040070 Septic Shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000001880 Sexual dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JLRNKCZRCMIVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Simfibrate Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OC(C)(C)C(=O)OCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JLRNKCZRCMIVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010040799 Skin atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010052164 Sodium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018674 Sodium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026974 Sorbitol dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010067130 Spastic diplegia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052483 Spur cell anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010042496 Sunburn Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N Tamsulosine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123237 Taxane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000022292 Tay-Sachs disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Temozolomide Chemical compound O=C1N(C)N=NC2=C(C(N)=O)N=CN21 BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOAHPSVPXZTVEP-YXJHDRRASA-N Terguride Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CN(C)[C@@H]2C2)NC(=O)N(CC)CC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 JOAHPSVPXZTVEP-YXJHDRRASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024313 Testicular Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057644 Testis cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000712605 Theromyzon tessulatum Theromin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GFBKORZTTCHDGY-UWVJOHFNSA-N Thiothixene Chemical compound C12=CC(S(=O)(=O)N(C)C)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2\C1=C\CCN1CCN(C)CC1 GFBKORZTTCHDGY-UWVJOHFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940122388 Thrombin inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000001435 Thromboembolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010000499 Thromboplastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002262 Thromboplastin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000007023 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940122202 Thromboxane receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100033571 Tissue-type plasminogen activator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006955 Tissue-type plasminogen activator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IVTVGDXNLFLDRM-HNNXBMFYSA-N Tomudex Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(C)=NC(=O)C2=CC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)S1 IVTVGDXNLFLDRM-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710183280 Topoisomerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NGBFQHCMQULJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Torsemide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 NGBFQHCMQULJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070863 Toxicity to various agents Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VXFJYXUZANRPDJ-WTNASJBWSA-N Trandopril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@H]2CCCC[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VXFJYXUZANRPDJ-WTNASJBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N Trans-resveratrol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RPQUKWBLAHJOPX-FQEVSTJZSA-N Trecetilide Chemical compound CC(F)(C)CCCCCN(CC)CCC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 RPQUKWBLAHJOPX-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZHLYYDVIOPZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimeprazine Natural products C1=CC=C2N(CC(CN(C)C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZZHLYYDVIOPZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLEVLJDDWXEYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolox Chemical compound O1C(C)(C(O)=O)CCC2=C1C(C)=C(C)C(O)=C2C GLEVLJDDWXEYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001593750 Turcica Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007814 Unstable Angina Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046298 Upper motor neurone lesion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ICMGLRUYEQNHPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uraprene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1N1CCN(CCCNC=2N(C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C=2)C)CC1 ICMGLRUYEQNHPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHNYBHXFHIPTEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urginea maritima Natural products CC1OC(OC2C(O)C(O)C(OC3CCC4(C)C(C3)C(CC5(O)C4CCC6(C)C(CCC56O)C7=COC(=O)C=C7)OC(=O)C)OC2CO)C(O)C(O)C1O GHNYBHXFHIPTEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010059705 Urocortins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005630 Urocortins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046851 Uveitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010059993 Vancomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010047115 Vasculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047139 Vasoconstriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047249 Venous thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940122803 Vinca alkaloid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DDNCQMVWWZOMLN-IRLDBZIGSA-N Vinpocetine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN3CCC4)=C5[C@@H]3[C@]4(CC)C=C(C(=O)OCC)N5C2=C1 DDNCQMVWWZOMLN-IRLDBZIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000000260 Warts Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-CCZXDCJGSA-N Yohimbine Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3C[C@@H]4CC[C@@H](O)[C@H]([C@H]4C[C@H]33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-CCZXDCJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUXFZBHBYYYLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zaltoprofen Chemical compound O=C1CC2=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 MUXFZBHBYYYLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUJMJVDZRXMDLY-QFDDTMGGSA-N [2-[(8s,9s,10r,11s,13s,14s,17r)-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoate Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 RUJMJVDZRXMDLY-QFDDTMGGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNDHRUPPBXRELB-UHFFFAOYSA-M [4-[3-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl]phenyl]-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(C)CCC1=CC=C([N+](C)(C)C)C=C1 KNDHRUPPBXRELB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PZUUTJLAUKMLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [F].C1=CC=CC=C1 PZUUTJLAUKMLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWJFNRJRHXWEPT-AOOZFPJJSA-N [[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2r,3r,4r)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl] hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O PWJFNRJRHXWEPT-AOOZFPJJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000446 abciximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004420 aceclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004892 acemetacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FSQKKOOTNAMONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acemetacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(=O)OCC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FSQKKOOTNAMONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWIIVLKQFJBFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaminosalol Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)C)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O TWIIVLKQFJBFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007008 acetaminosalol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BZKPWHYZMXOIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetazolamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=NN=C(S(N)(=O)=O)S1 BZKPWHYZMXOIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000571 acetazolamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000009621 actinic keratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930183665 actinomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 231100000851 acute glomerulonephritis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960001570 ademetionine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000011341 adult acute respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000000028 adult respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950007884 alacepril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005142 alclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ARHWPKZXBHOEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(OCC=C)C(Cl)=C1 ARHWPKZXBHOEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000552 alclometasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJXOGVLKCZQRDN-PHCHRAKRSA-N alclometasone Chemical compound C([C@H]1Cl)C2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FJXOGVLKCZQRDN-PHCHRAKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002353 alcoholic hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001391 alfentanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001900 algestone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXDWHYOBSJTRJU-SRWWVFQWSA-N algestone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2 CXDWHYOBSJTRJU-SRWWVFQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003790 alimemazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N all-trans-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002029 allergic contact dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010105 allergic rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KGYFOSCXVAXULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylprodine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(OC(=O)CC)CCN(C)CC1CC=C KGYFOSCXVAXULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004361 allylprodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPHLBGOJWPEVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N alminoprofen Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=C(NCC(C)=C)C=C1 FPHLBGOJWPEVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004663 alminoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000360 alopecia Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960004685 aloxiprin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MANKSFVECICGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-K aloxiprin Chemical compound [OH-].[Al+3].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O MANKSFVECICGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 102000004305 alpha Adrenergic Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000861 alpha Adrenergic Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002160 alpha blocker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003888 alpha glucosidase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVAZQQHAVMNMHE-XJKSGUPXSA-N alphaprodine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[C@@]1(OC(=O)CC)CCN(C)C[C@@H]1C UVAZQQHAVMNMHE-XJKSGUPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001349 alphaprodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002213 alprenolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PAZJSJFMUHDSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprenolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1CC=C PAZJSJFMUHDSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000711 alprostadil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003318 alteplase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEUCPZFPBXPCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;2-acetyloxybenzoate;dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Al+]O.CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O WEUCPZFPBXPCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NSFYKDVWNTWJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 NSFYKDVWNTWJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N amantadine Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(N)C3 DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003805 amantadine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003099 amcinonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ILKJAFIWWBXGDU-MOGDOJJUSA-N amcinonide Chemical compound O([C@@]1([C@H](O2)C[C@@H]3[C@@]1(C[C@H](O)[C@]1(F)[C@@]4(C)C=CC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]13)C)C(=O)COC(=O)C)C12CCCC1 ILKJAFIWWBXGDU-MOGDOJJUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940024554 amdinocillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XSDQTOBWRPYKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N amiloride Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(=O)C1=NC(Cl)=C(N)N=C1N XSDQTOBWRPYKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002576 amiloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000212 aminophenazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FQPFAHBPWDRTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminophylline Chemical compound NCCN.O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2.O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 FQPFAHBPWDRTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003556 aminophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011175 aminopicoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000836 amitriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N amitriptyline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063284 ammonium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LSNWBKACGXCGAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ampiroxicam Chemical compound CN1S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C(OC(C)OC(=O)OCC)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 LSNWBKACGXCGAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011249 ampiroxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- RNLQIBCLLYYYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N amrinone Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(N)=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 RNLQIBCLLYYYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002105 amrinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CWJNMKKMGIAGDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N amtolmetin guacil Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)CNC(=O)CC(N1C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CWJNMKKMGIAGDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003227 amtolmetin guacil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002870 angiogenesis inducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002399 angioplasty Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002333 angiotensin II receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950006323 angiotensin ii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LKYQLAWMNBFNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N anileridine Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 LKYQLAWMNBFNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002512 anileridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000578 anorexic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001772 anti-angiogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001773 anti-convulsant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127003 anti-diabetic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001315 anti-hyperlipaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000078 anti-malarial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002785 anti-thrombosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003005 anticarcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127090 anticoagulant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000010100 anticoagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003430 antimalarial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003080 antimitotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEQOALNAAJBPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antipyrine Chemical compound CN1C(C)=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 VEQOALNAAJBPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005348 antithrombin iii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004676 antithrombotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004064 antrafenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NZLBHDRPUJLHCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N aprindine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2CC1N(CCCN(CC)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NZLBHDRPUJLHCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004957 aprindine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXNPVXPOPUZYGB-XYVMCAHJSA-N argatroban Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](C)CCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1NC[C@H](C)C2 KXNPVXPOPUZYGB-XYVMCAHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003856 argatroban Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003886 aromatase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006793 arrhythmia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930191701 arteannuin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960000981 artemether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000030166 artemisia Species 0.000 description 1
- BLUAFEHZUWYNDE-NNWCWBAJSA-N artemisinin Chemical compound C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@@H]4C BLUAFEHZUWYNDE-NNWCWBAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004191 artemisinin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FIHJKUPKCHIPAT-AHIGJZGOSA-N artesunate Chemical compound C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2O[C@@H](OC(=O)CCC(O)=O)[C@@H]4C FIHJKUPKCHIPAT-AHIGJZGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004991 artesunate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UAARDOOBGJGDJV-LJQANCHMSA-N artilide Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCC[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 UAARDOOBGJGDJV-LJQANCHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007077 artilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003272 asparaginase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M asparaginate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005370 atorvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003159 atovaquone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KUCQYCKVKVOKAY-CTYIDZIISA-N atovaquone Chemical compound C1([C@H]2CC[C@@H](CC2)C2=C(C(C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)=O)O)=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 KUCQYCKVKVOKAY-CTYIDZIISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N atrazine Chemical class CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037424 autonomic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000467 autonomic pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010014210 axokine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BMWDUGHMODRTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F BMWDUGHMODRTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001671 azapropazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WOIIIUDZSOLAIW-NSHDSACASA-N azapropazone Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=C2N3C(=O)[C@H](CC=C)C(=O)N3C(N(C)C)=NC2=C1 WOIIIUDZSOLAIW-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001786 azimilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IIOPLILENRZKRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azosemide Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1CNC=1C=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC=1C1=NN=N[N]1 IIOPLILENRZKRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004988 azosemide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002210 batroxobin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004495 beclometasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000945 bencyclane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005149 bendazac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BYFMCKSPFYVMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bendazac Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(OCC(=O)O)=NN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 BYFMCKSPFYVMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- QZVNQOLPLYWLHQ-ZEQKJWHPSA-N benidipine Chemical compound C1([C@H]2C(=C(C)NC(C)=C2C(=O)OC)C(=O)O[C@H]2CN(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)CCC2)=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 QZVNQOLPLYWLHQ-ZEQKJWHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004916 benidipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004277 benorilate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEJKLNWAOXSSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benorilate Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)C)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FEJKLNWAOXSSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMGARVOVYXNAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzpiperylone Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1N1C(=O)C(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1 KMGARVOVYXNAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007647 benzpiperylone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001541 benzthiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NDTSRXAMMQDVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzthiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(S(N2)(=O)=O)=C1N=C2CSCC1=CC=CC=C1 NDTSRXAMMQDVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000333 benzydamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007003 benzylhydrochlorothiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RDJGWRFTDZZXSM-RNWLQCGYSA-N benzylmorphine Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@]23CCN([C@H](C4)[C@@H]3C=C[C@@H]1O)C)C1=C2C4=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RDJGWRFTDZZXSM-RNWLQCGYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REHLODZXMGOGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bermoprofen Chemical compound C1C(=O)C2=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C2OC2=CC=C(C)C=C21 REHLODZXMGOGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007517 bermoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010085377 beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007478 beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Yohimbin Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3CC4CCC(O)C(C4CC33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNHRLVCMMWUAJD-SUYDQAKGSA-N betamethasone valerate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(OC(=O)CCCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O SNHRLVCMMWUAJD-SUYDQAKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLKWNFFCSSJANB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bezitramide Chemical compound O=C1N(C(=O)CC)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C(CC1)CCN1CCC(C#N)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FLKWNFFCSSJANB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004611 bezitramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091008324 binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- QRZAKQDHEVVFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(CC(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QRZAKQDHEVVFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007698 birth defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisabolol Natural products CC1CCC(C(C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)CC1 HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002352 blister Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000182 blood factors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950007271 boldenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-DYKIIFRCSA-N boldenone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNDCVAGJPBKION-DOPDSADYSA-N bombesin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C(C)C)C1=CN=CN1 DNDCVAGJPBKION-DOPDSADYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001035 bopindolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N bortezomib Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)B(O)O)NC(=O)C=1N=CC=NC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001467 bortezomib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GJPICJJJRGTNOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bosentan Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C(=NC(=N1)C=2N=CC=CN=2)OCCO)=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 GJPICJJJRGTNOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003065 bosentan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000005881 bovine spongiform encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006431 brachial plexus neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007177 brain activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003925 brain function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030303 breathing problems Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KVWNWTZZBKCOPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bretylium tosylate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1Br KVWNWTZZBKCOPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004895 bretylium tosylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003655 bromfenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBPLOVFIXSTCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromfenac Chemical compound NC1=C(CC(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ZBPLOVFIXSTCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OZVBMTJYIDMWIL-AYFBDAFISA-N bromocriptine Chemical compound C1=CC(C=2[C@H](N(C)C[C@@H](C=2)C(=O)N[C@]2(C(=O)N3[C@H](C(N4CCC[C@H]4[C@]3(O)O2)=O)CC(C)C)C(C)C)C2)=C3C2=C(Br)NC3=C1 OZVBMTJYIDMWIL-AYFBDAFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002802 bromocriptine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005341 bucindolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005608 bucloxic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJTPQQVCKPZIMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bucloxic acid Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C(=O)CCC(=O)O)=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 IJTPQQVCKPZIMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003872 bucolome Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004436 budesonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DQGFCLJXYFXXIJ-LFIBNONCSA-N budralazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N/N=C(C)/C=C(C)C)=NN=CC2=C1 DQGFCLJXYFXXIJ-LFIBNONCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001730 budralazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000962 bufexamac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MXJWRABVEGLYDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bufexamac Chemical compound CCCCOC1=CC=C(CC(=O)NO)C=C1 MXJWRABVEGLYDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003354 bumadizone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FLWFHHFTIRLFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bumadizone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)C(C(O)=O)CCCC)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FLWFHHFTIRLFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002467 bunazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001736 buprenorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N buprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11CC[C@]3([C@H](C1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C)OC)CN2CC1CC1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001058 bupropion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupropion Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTNZYVAMNRDUAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OC(C)(C)C)C=C1 QTNZYVAMNRDUAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011189 butacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOLYDBPHEGKNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine;phenol Chemical compound CCCCN.OC1=CC=CC=C1 XOLYDBPHEGKNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- UULSXYSSHHRCQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butibufen Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(CC(C)C)C=C1 UULSXYSSHHRCQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002973 butibufen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GAWOVNGQYQVFLI-ISLYRVAYSA-N c1cc(OCC)ccc1\N=N\c1ccc(N)cc1N Chemical compound c1cc(OCC)ccc1\N=N\c1ccc(N)cc1N GAWOVNGQYQVFLI-ISLYRVAYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004596 cabergoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001612 cachectic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005211 cadralazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KVUAALJSMIVURS-ZEDZUCNESA-L calcium folinate Chemical compound [Ca+2].C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O)C=C1 KVUAALJSMIVURS-ZEDZUCNESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000008207 calcium folinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011687 calcium folinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000932 candesartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGZAIDDFHDDFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N candesartan Chemical compound CCOC1=NC2=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C2N1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 SGZAIDDFHDDFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003536 cannabinoid receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004205 carbidopa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TZFNLOMSOLWIDK-JTQLQIEISA-N carbidopa (anhydrous) Chemical compound NN[C@@](C(O)=O)(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 TZFNLOMSOLWIDK-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQIZDFMZAXUZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbifene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OCC)C(=O)N(C)CCN(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 NQIZDFMZAXUZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003365 carbifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940097217 cardiac glycoside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002368 cardiac glycoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008148 cardioplegic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002612 cardiopulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001715 carotid artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N carperitide Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008486 carperitide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PUXBGTOOZJQSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carprofen Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2C3=CC=C(C(C(O)=O)C)C=C3NC2=C1 PUXBGTOOZJQSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003184 carprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OAYRYNVEFFWSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carsalam Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 OAYRYNVEFFWSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004289 carsalam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001222 carteolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LWAFSWPYPHEXKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carteolol Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C LWAFSWPYPHEXKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003943 catecholamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002129 cefixime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OKBVVJOGVLARMR-QSWIMTSFSA-N cefixime Chemical compound S1C(N)=NC(C(=N\OCC(O)=O)\C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N3C(=C(C=C)CS[C@@H]32)C(O)=O)=O)=C1 OKBVVJOGVLARMR-QSWIMTSFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004261 cefotaxime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPRBEKHLDVQUJE-VINNURBNSA-N cefotaxime Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2C(=C(COC(C)=O)CS[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)/C(=N/OC)C1=CSC(N)=N1 GPRBEKHLDVQUJE-VINNURBNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004755 ceftriaxone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N ceftriaxone Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC1=NC(=O)C(=O)NN1C VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940083181 centrally acting adntiadrenergic agent methyldopa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000025434 cerebellar degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004559 cerebral degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010008129 cerebral palsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950005749 ceronapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-YOPQJBRCSA-N chembl1332716 Chemical compound O([C@](C1=O)(C)O\C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)/C=C\C=C(C)/C(=O)NC=2C(O)=C3C(O)=C4C)C)OC)C4=C1C3=C(O)C=2\C=N\N1CCN(C)CC1 JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-YOPQJBRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGLIFVFRIOKQLE-LVZFUZTISA-N chembl2104573 Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=CC=C(O)C=1C(=N/CCCC)/C1=CC=CC=C1Cl ZGLIFVFRIOKQLE-LVZFUZTISA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXJFDYIHRJGPFS-WPWMEQJKSA-N chembl380797 Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(\N=C\C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)C=1C(=O)NC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UXJFDYIHRJGPFS-WPWMEQJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWWVAEOLVKTZFQ-ISVUSNJMSA-N chembl530 Chemical compound N(/[C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=C\N1CCCCCC1 BWWVAEOLVKTZFQ-ISVUSNJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002113 chemopreventative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000973 chemotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006229 chloroprednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NPSLCOWKFFNQKK-ZPSUVKRCSA-N chloroprednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C[C@H](Cl)C2=C1 NPSLCOWKFFNQKK-ZPSUVKRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002328 chloroquine phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002155 chlorothiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpromazine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001076 chlorpromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001761 chlorpropamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007438 chlorthenoxazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YEKMWXFHPZBZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorthenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(CCCl)NC(=O)C2=C1 YEKMWXFHPZBZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001883 cholelithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002688 choline salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003153 cholinolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003483 chromatin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000007451 chronic bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025302 chronic primary adrenal insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007665 chronic toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000160 chronic toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960004757 cibenzoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GQSGZTBDVNUIQS-DGCLKSJQSA-N ciclonicate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)C[C@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 GQSGZTBDVNUIQS-DGCLKSJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003025 ciclonicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RRGUKTPIGVIEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cilostazol Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(=O)CCC2=CC=1OCCCCC1=NN=NN1C1CCCCC1 RRGUKTPIGVIEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004588 cilostazol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011171 cinmetacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NKPPORKKCMYYTO-DHZHZOJOSA-N cinmetacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 NKPPORKKCMYYTO-DHZHZOJOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical class N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- UVTLONZTPXCUPU-ZNMIVQPWSA-N ciramadol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](N(C)C)C=2C=C(O)C=CC=2)CCC[C@H]1O UVTLONZTPXCUPU-ZNMIVQPWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007653 ciramadol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001653 citalopram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950010886 clidanac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003072 clinofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002842 clobetasol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CBGUOGMQLZIXBE-XGQKBEPLSA-N clobetasol propionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CCl)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O CBGUOGMQLZIXBE-XGQKBEPLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004299 clocortolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMTMADLUXIRMGX-RFPWEZLHSA-N clocortolone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(Cl)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O YMTMADLUXIRMGX-RFPWEZLHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACSIXWWBWUQEHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N clodronic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)P(O)(O)=O ACSIXWWBWUQEHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGMZLCLHHVYDIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N clometacin Chemical compound CC=1N(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DGMZLCLHHVYDIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001647 clometacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004414 clomethiazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPZLDQAEBHTMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N clonitazene Chemical compound N=1C2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C2N(CCN(CC)CC)C=1CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPZLDQAEBHTMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001604 clonitazene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CLOMYZFHNHFSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N clonixin Chemical compound CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1NC1=NC=CC=C1C(O)=O CLOMYZFHNHFSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001209 clonixin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009185 clopirac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SJCRQMUYEQHNTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N clopirac Chemical compound CC1=CC(CC(O)=O)=C(C)N1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SJCRQMUYEQHNTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002219 cloprednol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YTJIBEDMAQUYSZ-FDNPDPBUSA-N cloprednol Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C2=C1 YTJIBEDMAQUYSZ-FDNPDPBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004126 codeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KIKLDWULAZATJG-YZZSNFJZSA-M codeine methylbromide Chemical compound [Br-].C([C@H]1[C@H]([N+](CC[C@@]112)(C)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC KIKLDWULAZATJG-YZZSNFJZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004415 codeine phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003871 codeine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001338 colchicine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001678 colestyramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013066 combination product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127555 combination product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003184 complementary RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000018631 connective tissue disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004351 coronary vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003840 cortivazol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RKHQGWMMUURILY-UHRZLXHJSA-N cortivazol Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@H]([C@]([C@@]2(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@]1(C)C2)(O)C(=O)COC(C)=O)C)=C(C)C1=CC1=C2C=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 RKHQGWMMUURILY-UHRZLXHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003792 cranial nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002089 crippling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSAMUAYPDHUBQD-RMKNXTFCSA-N crotetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C(CC)N(CC)C(=O)\C=C\C LSAMUAYPDHUBQD-RMKNXTFCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008678 crotetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000004921 cutaneous lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000729 cyclandelate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclandelate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)CC(C)CC1OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010040486 cyclo(alanine-(1-amino-1-cyclopentane)carbonyl) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UBKHHFOBCZFFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta[c]pyran Chemical class C1=COC=C2C=CC=C21 UBKHHFOBCZFFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WITCGPMUKHXQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta[c]thiopyran Chemical class C1=CSC=C2C=CC=C21 WITCGPMUKHXQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003843 cyproterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DUSHUSLJJMDGTE-ZJPMUUANSA-N cyproterone Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C2=CC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]3[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2 DUSHUSLJJMDGTE-ZJPMUUANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003901 dacarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940018872 dalteparin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004776 danaparoid sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RFWZESUMWJKKRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dapiprazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N1CCN(CCC=2N3CCCCC3=NN=2)CC1 RFWZESUMWJKKRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002947 dapiprazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000895 deafness Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003954 decarboxylase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001145 deflazacort Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FBHSPRKOSMHSIF-GRMWVWQJSA-N deflazacort Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)=N[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FBHSPRKOSMHSIF-GRMWVWQJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N dehydroepiandrosterone Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC=C21 FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dehydrotestosterone Natural products O=C1C=CC2(C)C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)O)C4C3CCC2=C1 RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007242 delphinidin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N delphinidin chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[O+]=1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=C(O)C=1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHSBBVZJABQOSG-MRXNPFEDSA-N denopamine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCNC[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VHSBBVZJABQOSG-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007304 denopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940063223 depo-provera Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003314 deracoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WAZQAZKAZLXFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N deracoxib Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 WAZQAZKAZLXFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001981 dermatomyositis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003914 desipramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N desomorphine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C3=C2[C@]24CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]4O3 LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003851 desomorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003662 desonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBGKWQHBNHJJPZ-LECWWXJVSA-N desonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O WBGKWQHBNHJJPZ-LECWWXJVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002593 desoximetasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VWVSBHGCDBMOOT-IIEHVVJPSA-N desoximetasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VWVSBHGCDBMOOT-IIEHVVJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003654 desoxycortone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004597 dexfenfluramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HGKAMARNFGKMLC-RBUKOAKNSA-N dexoxadrol Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]2OC(OC2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCN1 HGKAMARNFGKMLC-RBUKOAKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004665 dexoxadrol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N dextilidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[C@@]1(C(=O)OCC)CCC=C[C@H]1N(C)C WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003701 dextromoramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004193 dextropropoxyphene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QMQBBUPJKANITL-MYXGOWFTSA-N dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C([C@](OC(=O)CC)([C@H](C)CN(C)C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QMQBBUPJKANITL-MYXGOWFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003461 dezocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VTMVHDZWSFQSQP-VBNZEHGJSA-N dezocine Chemical compound C1CCCC[C@H]2CC3=CC=C(O)C=C3[C@]1(C)[C@H]2N VTMVHDZWSFQSQP-VBNZEHGJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIJJYAXOARWZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-n-propyl-acetic acid Natural products CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC NIJJYAXOARWZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002069 diamorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RXTHKWVSXOIHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diampromide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)CC(C)N(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 RXTHKWVSXOIHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001059 diampromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003529 diazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004042 diazoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003839 dienestrol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NFDFQCUYFHCNBW-SCGPFSFSSA-N dienestrol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1\C(=C/C)\C(=C\C)\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NFDFQCUYFHCNBW-SCGPFSFSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013367 dietary fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCXMKBOWWVXEDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenamizole Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)C(=O)NC1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 PCXMKBOWWVXEDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000061 difenamizole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001536 difenpiramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PWHROYKAGRUWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenpiramide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1NC(=O)CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PWHROYKAGRUWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004154 diflorasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXURHACBFYSXBI-XHIJKXOTSA-N diflorasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O WXURHACBFYSXBI-XHIJKXOTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004091 diflucortolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGPWIDANBSLJPC-RFPWEZLHSA-N diflucortolone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O OGPWIDANBSLJPC-RFPWEZLHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000616 diflunisal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HUPFGZXOMWLGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diflunisal Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=C1 HUPFGZXOMWLGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940068811 digitalis preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PBUNVLRHZGSROC-VTIMJTGVSA-N dihydro-alpha-ergocryptine Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@H](CN(C)[C@@H]2C2)C(=O)N[C@]3(C(=O)N4[C@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5[C@]4(O)O3)=O)CC(C)C)C(C)C)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 PBUNVLRHZGSROC-VTIMJTGVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXYIRMFQILZOAM-HVNFFKDJSA-N dihydroartemisinin methyl ether Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC)O[C@H]4[C@]32OO[C@@]1(C)O4 SXYIRMFQILZOAM-HVNFFKDJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBOXVHNMENFORY-DNJOTXNNSA-N dihydrocodeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC RBOXVHNMENFORY-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocodeine Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002032 dihydroergocryptine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007942 dilevalol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RHUWRJWFHUKVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimenoxadol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 RHUWRJWFHUKVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011187 dimenoxadol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QIRAYNIFEOXSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimepheptanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 QIRAYNIFEOXSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQGIXNQCOXNCRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxaphetyl butyrate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)OCC)CCN1CCOCC1 LQGIXNQCOXNCRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008972 dioxaphetyl butyrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000520 diphenhydramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVDHSZFEQYXRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipipanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)CC)CC(C)N1CCCCC1 SVDHSZFEQYXRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002500 dipipanone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002819 diprophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940120889 dipyrone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016097 disease of metabolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000014632 disordered eating Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L disulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960005067 ditazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UUCMDZWCRNZCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditazole Chemical compound O1C(N(CCO)CCO)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UUCMDZWCRNZCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940074654 diuril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950006045 docarpamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IXTMWRCNAAVVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dofetilide Chemical compound C=1C=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=CC=1CCN(C)CCOC1=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 IXTMWRCNAAVVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002994 dofetilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003530 donepezil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002288 dopamine 2 receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYBJORHCUPVNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopexamine Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1CCNCCCCCCNCCC1=CC=CC=C1 RYBJORHCUPVNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001857 dopexamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N doxazosin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2OC1C(=O)N(CC1)CCN1C1=NC(N)=C(C=C(C(OC)=C2)OC)C2=N1 RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001389 doxazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQTNQVWKHCQYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dronedarone Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCCN(CCCC)CCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=C(CCCC)OC2=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C12 ZQTNQVWKHCQYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002084 dronedarone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940056176 drotrecogin alfa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OEHFRZLKGRKFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N droxicam Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C(C2=O)=C1OC(=O)N2C1=CC=CC=N1 OEHFRZLKGRKFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000725 drug overdose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSCFJBIXMNOVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dyphylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1N(CC(O)CO)C=N2 KSCFJBIXMNOVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009041 edaravone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QELUYTUMUWHWMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N edaravone Chemical compound O=C1CC(C)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 QELUYTUMUWHWMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003102 efonidipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010243 emorfazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJWPNDMDCLXCOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N encainide Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1CCC1N(C)CCCC1 PJWPNDMDCLXCOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001142 encainide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003914 endometrial carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010996 enfenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010227 enterocolitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950003801 epirizole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001123 epoprostenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930013356 epothilone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HESCAJZNRMSMJG-KKQRBIROSA-N epothilone A Chemical class C/C([C@@H]1C[C@@H]2O[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1)O)C)=C\C1=CSC(C)=N1 HESCAJZNRMSMJG-KKQRBIROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004563 eprosartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OROAFUQRIXKEMV-LDADJPATSA-N eprosartan Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1CN1C(CCCC)=NC=C1\C=C(C(O)=O)/CC1=CC=CS1 OROAFUQRIXKEMV-LDADJPATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOWQTJXNFTWSCS-IAQYHMDHSA-N eptazocine Chemical compound C1N(C)CC[C@@]2(C)C3=CC(O)=CC=C3C[C@@H]1C2 ZOWQTJXNFTWSCS-IAQYHMDHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010920 eptazocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001492 ersentilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000321 erythema Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960003745 esmolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQNDDEOPVVGCPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N esmolol Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)C=C1 AQNDDEOPVVGCPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006881 esophagitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002329 esterase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005309 estradiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182833 estradiol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960001842 estramustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FRPJXPJMRWBBIH-RBRWEJTLSA-N estramustine Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)C(=O)OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 FRPJXPJMRWBBIH-RBRWEJTLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXBFSRVXEKCBFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N etersalate Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)C)=CC=C1OCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O PXBFSRVXEKCBFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006159 etersalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000514 ethenzamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBNKFTQSBPKMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenzamide Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(N)=O SBNKFTQSBPKMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGJHHMKQBWSQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoheptazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCCN(C)CC1 WGJHHMKQBWSQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000569 ethoheptazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FRQSLQPWXFAJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethyl 2-(2,6-dichloro-3-methylanilino)benzoate Chemical compound CCOCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC(C)=C1Cl FRQSLQPWXFAJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEISMQVOJUJKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl 1,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-carboxylate;methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.C1CCC(C)N2C(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)=C[N+](C)=C21 SEISMQVOJUJKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MORSAEFGQPDBKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylthiambutene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=CC(C)N(C)CC)C1=CC=CS1 MORSAEFGQPDBKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006111 ethylmethylthiambutene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004578 ethylmorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002163 etisulergine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001493 etofenamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXDBZSCGSQSKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N etonitazene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1CC1=NC2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C2N1CCN(CC)CC PXDBZSCGSQSKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004538 etonitazene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004945 etoricoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoricoxib Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1C1=CC=C(S(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008765 etoxazene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002217 eugenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940085363 evista Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003492 excitotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000063 excitotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960000255 exemestane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000004526 exfoliative dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004222 factor ix Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000027826 familial dysfibrinogenemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000192 felbinac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001105 femoral artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001395 fenbufen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPAKPRAICRBAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenbufen Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)CCC(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPAKPRAICRBAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011481 fenclozic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002602 fendiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005416 fendosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HAWWPSYXSLJRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fendosal Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(N2C(=CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4CCC=32)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 HAWWPSYXSLJRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001582 fenfluramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004395 fengabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002297 fenofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002912 fenspiride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002679 fentiazac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000555 fenyramidol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PVOOBRUZWPQOER-UHFFFAOYSA-N fepradinol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PVOOBRUZWPQOER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008205 fepradinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000489 feprazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012952 fibrinogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003480 fibrinolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004177 filgrastim Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011990 fisetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003240 floctafenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N floxuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000961 floxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002335 fluazacort Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BYZCJOHDXLROEC-RBWIMXSLSA-N fluazacort Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)=N[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O BYZCJOHDXLROEC-RBWIMXSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJNWEGFJCGYWQT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluclorolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(Cl)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1Cl NJNWEGFJCGYWQT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094766 flucloronide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004511 fludroxycortide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004369 flufenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LPEPZBJOKDYZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N flufenamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 LPEPZBJOKDYZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000676 flunisolide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NOOCSNJCXJYGPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N flunixin Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C)=C1NC1=NC=CC=C1C(O)=O NOOCSNJCXJYGPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000588 flunixin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ARPYQKTVRGFPIS-VIFPVBQESA-N flunoxaprofen Chemical compound N=1C2=CC([C@@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ARPYQKTVRGFPIS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001321 flunoxaprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001347 fluocinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWTIDFOGTCVGQB-FHIVUSPVSA-N fluocortin butyl Chemical group C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)C(=O)OCCCC)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O XWTIDFOGTCVGQB-FHIVUSPVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008509 fluocortin butyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003973 fluocortolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GAKMQHDJQHZUTJ-ULHLPKEOSA-N fluocortolone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O GAKMQHDJQHZUTJ-ULHLPKEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001048 fluorometholone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FAOZLTXFLGPHNG-KNAQIMQKSA-N fluorometholone Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@]2(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 FAOZLTXFLGPHNG-KNAQIMQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002464 fluoxetine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLRFCQOZQXIBAB-RBZZARIASA-N fluoxymesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YLRFCQOZQXIBAB-RBZZARIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001751 fluoxymesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003590 fluperolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HHPZZKDXAFJLOH-QZIXMDIESA-N fluperolone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O HHPZZKDXAFJLOH-QZIXMDIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003238 fluprednidene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YVHXHNGGPURVOS-SBTDHBFYSA-N fluprednidene Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](C(=C)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 YVHXHNGGPURVOS-SBTDHBFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000618 fluprednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZWOUXWWGKJBAHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluproquazone Chemical compound N=1C(=O)N(C(C)C)C2=CC(C)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZWOUXWWGKJBAHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004250 fluproquazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SAADBVWGJQAEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(CCN(CC)CC)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1F SAADBVWGJQAEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003528 flurazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002390 flurbiprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurbiprofen Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N flutamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002074 flutamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000868 fluvastatin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940064302 folacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004052 folic acid antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- QNXUUBBKHBYRFW-QWAPGEGQSA-N formocortal Chemical compound C1C(C=O)=C2C=C(OCCCl)CC[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O QNXUUBBKHBYRFW-QWAPGEGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013022 formulation composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010892 fosfosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002870 gabapentin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004346 gaboxadol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006567 ganaxolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002270 gangliosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000030136 gastric emptying Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001288 gastroparesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005219 gentisic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001650 glafenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWOFUCIGLDBNKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N glafenine Chemical compound OCC(O)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C12 GWOFUCIGLDBNKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N glucagon Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1NC=NC=1)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004666 glucagon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004410 glucametacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124750 glucocorticoid receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126013 glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007967 glucose restriction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003825 glutamate receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002389 glycol salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycolonitrile Natural products N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002341 glycosylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002350 guaiazulen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004553 guanabenz Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002048 guanfacine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940115747 halobetasol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003242 halofantrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002475 halometasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGXMRPUKBWXVHE-MIHLVHIWSA-N halometasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C(Cl)=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O GGXMRPUKBWXVHE-MIHLVHIWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008940 halopredone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007902 hard capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016354 hearing loss disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005570 heteronuclear single quantum coherence Methods 0.000 description 1
- FLBXKBCYSKRFEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexahydro-7-phenyl-2h-1,4-ethanoquinolin-6(5h)-one Chemical compound O=C1CC2C(CC3)CCN3C2CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 FLBXKBCYSKRFEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003668 hormone analog Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003667 hormone antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001794 hormone therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000056614 human NPPA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229960000443 hydrochloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N hydrocodone Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)CC(=O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000240 hydrocodone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FWFVLWGEFDIZMJ-FOMYWIRZSA-N hydrocortamate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CN(CC)CC)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FWFVLWGEFDIZMJ-FOMYWIRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000208 hydrocortamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VWQWXZAWFPZJDA-CGVGKPPMSA-N hydrocortisone succinate Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)COC(=O)CCC(O)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VWQWXZAWFPZJDA-CGVGKPPMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMDGGSIALPNSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroflumethiazide Chemical compound C1=C(C(F)(F)F)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NCNS2(=O)=O DMDGGSIALPNSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003313 hydroflumethiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N hydromorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@H]23)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001410 hydromorphone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001341 hydroxy propyl starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002471 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTJBNMUWRKPFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypethidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCN(C)CC1 WTJBNMUWRKPFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008496 hydroxypethidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013828 hydroxypropyl starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyzine Chemical compound C1CN(CCOCCO)CCN1C(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000930 hydroxyzine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003451 hyperinsulinaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008980 hyperinsulinism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000774 hypoallergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002491 ibudilast Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYWFCPPBTWOZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ibufenac Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)C=C1 CYWFCPPBTWOZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009183 ibufenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BYPIURIATSUHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ibuproxam Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(=O)NO)C=C1 BYPIURIATSUHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002595 ibuproxam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004053 ibutilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000022368 idiopathic cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003998 ifenprodil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004274 ifetroban Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BBPRUNPUJIUXSE-DXKRWKNPSA-N ifetroban Chemical compound CCCCCNC(=O)C1=COC([C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3CC[C@H]2O3)CC=2C(=CC=CC=2)CCC(O)=O)=N1 BBPRUNPUJIUXSE-DXKRWKNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003090 iliac artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002240 iloprost Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HIFJCPQKFCZDDL-ACWOEMLNSA-N iloprost Chemical compound C1\C(=C/CCCC(O)=O)C[C@@H]2[C@@H](/C=C/[C@@H](O)C(C)CC#CC)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]21 HIFJCPQKFCZDDL-ACWOEMLNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imatinib Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=C(NC=3N=C(C=CN=3)C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2)C=C1 KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002411 imatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001195 imidapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KLZWOWYOHUKJIG-BPUTZDHNSA-N imidapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1C(N(C)C[C@H]1C(O)=O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KLZWOWYOHUKJIG-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004769 imidazole salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940076263 indole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004187 indoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002056 indoramin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004461 interferon beta-1a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000004332 intermediate coronary syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003089 intermedin derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003871 intestinal function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035987 intoxication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000566 intoxication Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000001875 irritant dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000023589 ischemic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LZRDDINFIHUVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N isofezolac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 LZRDDINFIHUVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004425 isofezolac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IFKPLJWIEQBPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isomethadone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(C)CN(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IFKPLJWIEQBPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009272 isomethadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WJDDCFNFNAHLAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonixin Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CNC1=O WJDDCFNFNAHLAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000248 isonixin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N isosorbide dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@H](O[N+](=O)[O-])CO[C@@H]21 MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002545 isoxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QFGMXJOBTNZHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxepac Chemical compound O1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC(CC(=O)O)=CC=C21 QFGMXJOBTNZHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011455 isoxepac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000018937 joint inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003780 keratinization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003029 ketobemidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketoprofen Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketorolac Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004752 ketorolac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010901 lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950005862 lazabemide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YEJZJVJJPVZXGX-MRXNPFEDSA-N lefetamine Chemical compound C([C@@H](N(C)C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YEJZJVJJPVZXGX-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008279 lefetamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000263 levallorphan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001614 levamisole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RCYBMSQOSGJZLO-BGWNEDDSSA-N levophenacylmorphan Chemical compound C([C@]12CCCC[C@H]1[C@H]1CC3=CC=C(C=C32)O)CN1CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCYBMSQOSGJZLO-BGWNEDDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007939 levophenacylmorphan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003406 levorphanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000692 levosimendan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WHXMKTBCFHIYNQ-SECBINFHSA-N levosimendan Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC(=O)NN=C1C1=CC=C(NN=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 WHXMKTBCFHIYNQ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000011486 lichen planus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000006132 lipodystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004132 lipogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003587 lisuride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000019423 liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002247 lomustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003768 lonazolac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XVUQHFRQHBLHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lonazolac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N=C1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XVUQHFRQHBLHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002171 loop diuretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXROWJKCGCOJDO-JLHYYAGUSA-N lornoxicam Chemical compound O=C1C=2SC(Cl)=CC=2S(=O)(=O)N(C)\C1=C(\O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 OXROWJKCGCOJDO-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002202 lornoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003055 low molecular weight heparin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127215 low-molecular weight heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002373 loxoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BAZQYVYVKYOAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-M loxoprofen sodium hydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].C1=CC(C(C([O-])=O)C)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)CCC1 BAZQYVYVKYOAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000994 lumiracoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KHPKQFYUPIUARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lumiracoxib Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=C(F)C=CC=C1Cl KHPKQFYUPIUARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003712 lysosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001868 lysosomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124302 mTOR inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003628 mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940063647 marezine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003771 matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121386 matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002555 mazipredone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CZBOZZDZNVIXFC-VRRJBYJJSA-N mazipredone Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(=O)[C@]1(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)C=CC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC1 CZBOZZDZNVIXFC-VRRJBYJJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003803 meclofenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004616 medroxyprogesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005329 mefloquine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004678 mefruside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001929 meloxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009245 menopause Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003821 menstrual periods Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001810 meprednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PIDANAQULIKBQS-RNUIGHNZSA-N meprednisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PIDANAQULIKBQS-RNUIGHNZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLICHNCFTLFZJN-HNNXBMFYSA-N meptazinol Chemical compound C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1[C@@]1(CC)CCCCN(C)C1 JLICHNCFTLFZJN-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000365 meptazinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KBOPZPXVLCULAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesalamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 KBOPZPXVLCULAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004963 mesalazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001259 mesencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004635 mesna Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DJGAAPFSPWAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M metamizole sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(N(CS([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 DJGAAPFSPWAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YGSVZRIZCHZUHB-COLVAYQJSA-N metazocine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@]2(C)CCN(C)[C@@]1([H])[C@@H]2C YGSVZRIZCHZUHB-COLVAYQJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009131 metazocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003105 metformin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003739 methyclothiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000334 methylprednisolone sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LMINNBXUMGNKMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N metiazinic acid Chemical compound C1=C(CC(O)=O)C=C2N(C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 LMINNBXUMGNKMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005798 metiazinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003738 meticrane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003746 metildigoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IYJMSDVSVHDVGT-PEQKVOOWSA-N metildigoxin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]5[C@H]([C@]6(CC[C@@H]([C@@]6(C)[C@H](O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)C[C@@H]2O)C)C[C@@H]1O IYJMSDVSVHDVGT-PEQKVOOWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002704 metipranolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BLWNYSZZZWQCKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N metipranolol hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(C)[NH2+]CC(O)COC1=CC(C)=C(OC(C)=O)C(C)=C1C BLWNYSZZZWQCKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009818 metofoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YBCPYHQFUMNOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N metofoline Chemical compound C1=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2CCN(C)C1CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YBCPYHQFUMNOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPZXCTIHHUUEEJ-CMKMFDCUSA-N metopon Chemical compound O([C@@]1(C)C(=O)CC[C@@H]23)C4=C5[C@@]13CCN(C)[C@@H]2CC5=CC=C4O NPZXCTIHHUUEEJ-CMKMFDCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006080 metopon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000282 metronidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N metronidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1CCO VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N milrinone Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C#N)=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1C PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003574 milrinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000015994 miscarriage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004898 mitochondrial function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950000844 mizoribine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950010854 mofegiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000429 mofezolac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SLZIZIJTGAYEKK-CIJSCKBQSA-N molport-023-220-247 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CNC=N1 SLZIZIJTGAYEKK-CIJSCKBQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001664 mometasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QLIIKPVHVRXHRI-CXSFZGCWSA-N mometasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(Cl)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CCl)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O QLIIKPVHVRXHRI-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002899 monoamine oxidase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126403 monoamine reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010075698 monteplase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950005805 monteplase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002608 moracizine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OOGNFQMTGRZRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N morazone Chemical compound CC1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)OCCN1CC(C1=O)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 OOGNFQMTGRZRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004610 morazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FUBVWMNBEHXPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N moricizine Chemical compound C12=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1C(=O)CCN1CCOCC1 FUBVWMNBEHXPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005195 morphine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XELXKCKNPPSFNN-BJWPBXOKSA-N morphine hydrochloride trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl.O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O XELXKCKNPPSFNN-BJWPBXOKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004715 morphine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRVOTVYEFDAHCL-RTSZDRIGSA-N morphine sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O.O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O.O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O GRVOTVYEFDAHCL-RTSZDRIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000037890 multiple organ injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000663 muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010028417 myasthenia gravis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTGDFNSFWBGLEC-SYZQJQIISA-N mycophenolate mofetil Chemical compound COC1=C(C)C=2COC(=O)C=2C(O)=C1C\C=C(/C)CCC(=O)OCCN1CCOCC1 RTGDFNSFWBGLEC-SYZQJQIISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004866 mycophenolate mofetil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JZXRLKWWVNUZRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound NCCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=N1 JZXRLKWWVNUZRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBECFEJUQZXMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-aminobutyl)acetamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=O)NCCCCN XBECFEJUQZXMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSLICLMCQYQNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-bromophenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 MSLICLMCQYQNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQEATNFJCMVKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN(CC=C)CC=C)=CNC2=C1 LQEATNFJCMVKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZWUQVSQIFFFKY-IBGZPJMESA-N n-[4-[(2s)-2-hydroxy-3-[2-(4-imidazol-1-ylphenoxy)ethylamino]propoxy]phenyl]methanesulfonamide Chemical compound C1=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1OC[C@@H](O)CNCCOC1=CC=C(N2C=NC=C2)C=C1 QZWUQVSQIFFFKY-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWMQCWYIMZWFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-prop-2-ynyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-inden-1-amine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC=C2C(N(CC#C)C)CCC2=C1 DWMQCWYIMZWFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDTZUBPSYWZDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentyl nitrite Chemical compound CCCCCON=O CSDTZUBPSYWZDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005705 naftopidil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N nalbuphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]1(O)CC[C@@H]3O)CN2CC1CCC1 NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000805 nalbuphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000938 nalorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CVRCFLFEGNKMEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-yl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 CVRCFLFEGNKMEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002009 naproxen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N naproxen Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010030754 nasaruplase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950010537 nasaruplase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005027 natalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OELFLUMRDSZNSF-BRWVUGGUSA-N nateglinide Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](C(C)C)CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OELFLUMRDSZNSF-BRWVUGGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000698 nateglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002774 nateplase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001452 natriuretic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940086322 navelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JCSREICEMHWFAY-HUUCEWRRSA-N naxagolide Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2[C@H]3OCCN(CCC)[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JCSREICEMHWFAY-HUUCEWRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005651 naxagolide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000751 nefopam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000019382 nerve compression syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000004296 neuralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007538 neurilemmoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000029974 neurofibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002232 neuromuscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006764 neuronal dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002981 neuropathic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002581 neurotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000618 neurotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000000627 niacin group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960003642 nicergoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000827 niceritrol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HNDXBGYRMHRUFN-CIVUWBIHSA-N nicomorphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC=4C5=C(C(=CC=4)OC(=O)C=4C=NC=CC=4)O[C@@H]1[C@]52CCN3C)C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 HNDXBGYRMHRUFN-CIVUWBIHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004300 nicomorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940101270 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NPORIZAYKBQYLF-LREBCSMRSA-N nicotinyl alcohol tartrate Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CN=C1.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O NPORIZAYKBQYLF-LREBCSMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008576 nifekalant Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000916 niflumic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrazepam Chemical compound C12=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2NC(=O)CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001454 nitrazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002840 nitric oxide donor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VQTGUFBGYOIUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrosylsulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)ON=O VQTGUFBGYOIUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002687 nonaqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011519 norlevorphanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WCJFBSYALHQBSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N normethadone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CCN(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WCJFBSYALHQBSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004013 normethadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WCDSHELZWCOTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N norpipanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)CC)CCN1CCCCC1 WCDSHELZWCOTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007418 norpipanone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001158 nortriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000862 numbness Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000414 obstructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002700 octreotide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- JPAWFIIYTJQOKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N olprinone Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C#N)=CC(C2=CN3C=CN=C3C=C2)=C1C JPAWFIIYTJQOKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005421 olprinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQBDLJCYGRGAKP-FOCLMDBBSA-N olsalazine Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(\N=N\C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1 QQBDLJCYGRGAKP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004110 olsalazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FDQZTPPHJRQRQQ-NZPQQUJLSA-N omega-conotoxin GVIA Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N4C[C@H](O)C[C@H]4C(=O)N1)=O)CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CN1C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSSC3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N1C[C@H](O)C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N2)=O)[C@H](O)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(N)=O)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FDQZTPPHJRQRQQ-NZPQQUJLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003402 opiate agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003401 opiate antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001328 optic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940127234 oral contraceptive Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003539 oral contraceptive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N orlistat Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCCCC AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001243 orlistat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002337 osmotic diuretic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPMXVESGRSUGHW-HBYQJFLCSA-N ouabain Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C[C@@]2(O)CC[C@H]3[C@@]4(O)CC[C@H](C=5COC(=O)C=5)[C@@]4(C)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)C1 LPMXVESGRSUGHW-HBYQJFLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005113 oxaceprol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AJRNYCDWNITGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxametacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(=O)NO)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 AJRNYCDWNITGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002739 oxaprozin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OFPXSFXSNFPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxaprozin Chemical compound O1C(CCC(=O)O)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OFPXSFXSNFPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLANKEDHRWMNRO-UHFFFAOYSA-M oxtriphylline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO.O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1[N-]C=N2 RLANKEDHRWMNRO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940100256 oxtriphylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002085 oxycodone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005118 oxymorphone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GHZNWXGYWUBLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Lactophenetide Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(NC(=O)C(C)O)C=C1 GHZNWXGYWUBLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010085108 pamiteplase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950003603 pamiteplase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002858 paramethasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000734 parasympathomimetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004662 parecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TZRHLKRLEZJVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N parecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)CC)=CC=C1C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TZRHLKRLEZJVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXHYQIJBUNRPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N parsalmide Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OCC#C DXHYQIJBUNRPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001060 parsalmide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004321 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N pentazocine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1N(CC=C(C)C)CC2 VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005301 pentazocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002371 pentifylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008492 pentopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001476 pentoxifylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- YEHCICAEULNIGD-MZMPZRCHSA-N pergolide Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CSC)CN([C@@H]2C2)CCC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 YEHCICAEULNIGD-MZMPZRCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004851 pergolide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYXKNKQEMFBLER-UHFFFAOYSA-N perhexiline Chemical compound C1CCCNC1CC(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 CYXKNKQEMFBLER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000989 perhexiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005528 peripheral nervous system neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XKFIQZCHJUUSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N perisoxal Chemical compound C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)ON=C1C(O)CN1CCCCC1 XKFIQZCHJUUSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005491 perisoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010034674 peritonitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000482 pethidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001050 pharmacotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003893 phenacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LQJARUQXWJSDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenamine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(NC(=O)CN)C=C1 LQJARUQXWJSDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010879 phenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQHYKVKNPWDQSL-KNXBSLHKSA-N phenazocine Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C)C2=CC(O)=CC=C2C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1C)CN2CCC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQHYKVKNPWDQSL-KNXBSLHKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000897 phenazocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005222 phenazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003799 phenazopyridine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CFBQYWXPZVQQTN-QPTUXGOLSA-N phenomorphan Chemical compound C([C@]12CCCC[C@H]1[C@H]1CC3=CC=C(C=C32)O)CN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 CFBQYWXPZVQQTN-QPTUXGOLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011496 phenomorphan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPOPQVVNCFQFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoperidine Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IPOPQVVNCFQFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004315 phenoperidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003562 phentermine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NCAIGTHBQTXTLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phentermine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(C)([NH3+])CC1=CC=CC=C1 NCAIGTHBQTXTLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VYMDGNCVAMGZFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbutazonum Chemical compound O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 VYMDGNCVAMGZFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002570 phosphodiesterase III inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002587 phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002571 phosphodiesterase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- ASFKKFRSMGBFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N piketoprofen Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)C(=O)NC1=CC(C)=CC=N1 ASFKKFRSMGBFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001503 piketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010769 pilsicainide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BCQTVJKBTWGHCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pilsicainide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)CC1(CCC2)N2CCC1 BCQTVJKBTWGHCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXKIYPSXYFATG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piminodine Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 PXXKIYPSXYFATG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006445 piminodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002164 pimobendan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GLBJJMFZWDBELO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimobendane Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C=3C(CC(=O)NN=3)C)C=C2N1 GLBJJMFZWDBELO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002310 pinacidil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XGNKHIPCARGLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pipebuzone Chemical compound O=C1N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C1(CCCC)CN1CCN(C)CC1 XGNKHIPCARGLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004769 pipebuzone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001532 piperylone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007914 pirazolac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001085 piretanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004310 piribedil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940068170 pirinitramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IHEHEFLXQFOQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N piritramide Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)N)(N2CCCCC2)CCN1CCC(C#N)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IHEHEFLXQFOQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008066 pirmenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PIDSZXPFGCURGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirprofen Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1N1CC=CC1 PIDSZXPFGCURGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000851 pirprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127126 plasminogen activator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000106 platelet aggregation inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000019629 polyneuritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005483 polythiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000046 polythiazide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000206 potassium canrenoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JTZQCHFUGHIPDF-RYVBEKKQSA-M potassium canrenoate Chemical compound [K+].O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)CCC([O-])=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C=CC2=C1 JTZQCHFUGHIPDF-RYVBEKKQSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QHFUFLZBJLGDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium;sodium;n-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acetamide;hydrogen carbonate;n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione;bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[Br-].OC([O-])=O.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CCOC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C QHFUFLZBJLGDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AZLIIAMTCHKNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [K].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AZLIIAMTCHKNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FASDKYOPVNHBLU-ZETCQYMHSA-N pramipexole Chemical compound C1[C@@H](NCCC)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 FASDKYOPVNHBLU-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003089 pramipexole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003101 pranoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002847 prasterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001495 pravastatin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000009104 prediabetes syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002794 prednicarbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FNPXMHRZILFCKX-KAJVQRHHSA-N prednicarbate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)OCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FNPXMHRZILFCKX-KAJVQRHHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOFKYYWJAOZDPB-FZNHGJLXSA-N prednival Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)CO)(OC(=O)CCCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O BOFKYYWJAOZDPB-FZNHGJLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001917 prednylidene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSVOMANDJDYYEY-CWNVBEKCSA-N prednylidene Chemical group O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](C(=C)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 WSVOMANDJDYYEY-CWNVBEKCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCYXWQUSHADNBF-AAEALURTSA-N preproglucagon 78-108 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1N=CNC=1)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GCYXWQUSHADNBF-AAEALURTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004393 prognosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005385 proguanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N proguanil Chemical compound CC(C)\N=C(/N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXWAUWBYASJEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N proheptazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(OC(=O)CC)CCCN(C)CC1C ZXWAUWBYASJEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010387 proheptazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003910 promethazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JKANAVGODYYCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-amine Chemical compound NCC#C JKANAVGODYYCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTGAJCQTLIRCFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propacetamol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 QTGAJCQTLIRCFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003192 propacetamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XJKQCILVUHXVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N properidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OC(C)C)CCN(C)CC1 XJKQCILVUHXVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004345 properidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBAFFZBKCMWUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiram Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(C)CN1CCCCC1 ZBAFFZBKCMWUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003779 propiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002189 propyphenazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXWLVJLKJGVOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyphenazone Chemical compound O=C1C(C(C)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 PXWLVJLKJGVOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003815 prostacyclins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N prostaglandin E1 Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(O)=O GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019833 protease Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003801 protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950001856 protizinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001801 proxazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OLTAWOVKGWWERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N proxazole Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC)C1=NOC(CCN(CC)CC)=N1 OLTAWOVKGWWERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004767 proxyphylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N pseudoephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005069 pulmonary fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYSBZLVHMPNJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 OYSBZLVHMPNJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDRCCJPEJDWSRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine;1h-pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1.C1=CC=NC=C1 RDRCCJPEJDWSRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MIXMJCQRHVAJIO-TZHJZOAOSA-N qk4dys664x Chemical compound O.C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O.C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O MIXMJCQRHVAJIO-TZHJZOAOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001285 quercetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001404 quinidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FTSUPYGMFAPCFZ-ZWNOBZJWSA-N quinpirole Chemical compound C([C@H]1CCCN([C@@H]1C1)CCC)C2=C1C=NN2 FTSUPYGMFAPCFZ-ZWNOBZJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001037 quinpirole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-Tetrandrin Natural products O1C(C(=CC=2CCN3C)OC)=CC=2C3CC(C=C2)=CC=C2OC(=C2)C(OC)=CC=C2CC2N(C)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C1=C23 WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004432 raltitrexed Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000385 ramifenazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003087 receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003394 remifentanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002254 renal artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002354 repaglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002336 repolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009933 reproductive health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021283 resveratrol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016667 resveratrol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008223 ribosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960001225 rifampicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011590 rilmakalim Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004181 riluzole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001521 rimazolium metilsulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004641 rituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000371 rofecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N rofecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)OC1 RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002586 roflumilast Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNDBXUUTURYVHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N roflumilast Chemical compound FC(F)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C(=CN=CC=2Cl)Cl)C=C1OCC1CC1 MNDBXUUTURYVHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJORMJIFDVBMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N rolipram Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C2CC(=O)NC2)C=C1OC1CCCC1 HJORMJIFDVBMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005741 rolipram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UHSKFQJFRQCDBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ropinirole Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC1=CC=CC2=C1CC(=O)N2 UHSKFQJFRQCDBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001879 ropinirole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JZWFDVDETGFGFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O JZWFDVDETGFGFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009280 salacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RLISWLLILOTWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N salamidacetic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC(O)=O RLISWLLILOTWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000417 salamidacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000581 salicylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylsulfuric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OS(O)(=O)=O MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001102 salicylsulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000953 salsalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010073863 saruplase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000036186 satiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019627 satiety Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004116 schwann cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008152 sclerosing solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000008864 scrapie Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008742 seborrheic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N selegiline Chemical compound C#CCN(C)[C@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003946 selegiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003723 serotonin 1A agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000952 serotonin receptor agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126570 serotonin reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000872 sexual dysfunction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sibutramine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C1(C(N(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC1 UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004425 sibutramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000007056 sickle cell anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950007670 simetride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IMOLVSPMDGCLMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N simetride Chemical compound COC1=CC(CCC)=CC=C1OCC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)COC=2C(=CC(CCC)=CC=2)OC)CC1 IMOLVSPMDGCLMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004058 simfibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008261 skin carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010153 skin papilloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026473 slurred speech Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005586 smoking cessation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940126121 sodium channel inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960001790 sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SEEXPXUCHVGZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=C(CC([O-])=O)N(C)C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1C SEEXPXUCHVGZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- IMRLNFKFNFLWQF-IYKITFJXSA-N sorbinicate Chemical compound O([C@H](COC(=O)C=1C=NC=CC=1)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=1C=NC=CC=1)[C@H](OC(=O)C=1C=NC=CC=1)[C@H](COC(=O)C=1C=NC=CC=1)OC(=O)C=1C=NC=CC=1)C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 IMRLNFKFNFLWQF-IYKITFJXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007581 sorbinicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010041569 spinal fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002909 spirapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HRWCVUIFMSZDJS-SZMVWBNQSA-N spirapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CC2(C1)SCCS2)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HRWCVUIFMSZDJS-SZMVWBNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700035424 spirapril Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ISFPDBUKMJDAJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N splitomicin Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1OC(=O)CC2 ISFPDBUKMJDAJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000995 spontaneous abortion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010110 spontaneous platelet aggregation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930193551 sterin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930002534 steroid glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004739 sufentanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sufentanil Chemical compound C1CN(CCC=2SC=CC=2)CCC1(COC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001940 sulfasalazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NCEXYHBECQHGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfasalazine Natural products C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(=O)(=O)NC=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 NCEXYHBECQHGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonylurea Chemical class OC(=N)N=S(=O)=O YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000894 sulindac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLKXDPUZXIRXEP-MFOYZWKCSA-N sulindac Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2\C1=C/C1=CC=C(S(C)=O)C=C1 MLKXDPUZXIRXEP-MFOYZWKCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004492 suprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005314 suramin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FIAFUQMPZJWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N suramin Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C2C(NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C(=C3)NC(=O)C=3C=C(NC(=O)NC=4C=C(C=CC=4)C(=O)NC=4C(=CC=C(C=4)C(=O)NC=4C5=C(C=C(C=C5C(=CC=4)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)C)C=CC=3)C)=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 FIAFUQMPZJWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009492 tablet coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002700 tablet coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008418 talipexole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005262 talniflumate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001603 tamoxifen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002613 tamsulosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002926 tedisamil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CTIRHWCPXYGDGF-HDICACEKSA-N tedisamil Chemical compound [H][C@]12CN(CC3CC3)C[C@]([H])(CN(CC3CC3)C1)C21CCCC1 CTIRHWCPXYGDGF-HDICACEKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004084 temocapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FIQOFIRCTOWDOW-BJLQDIEVSA-N temocapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H]1C(N(CC(O)=O)C[C@H](SC1)C=1SC=CC=1)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FIQOFIRCTOWDOW-BJLQDIEVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004964 temozolomide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003676 tenidap Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LXIKEPCNDFVJKC-QXMHVHEDSA-N tenidap Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N(C(=O)N)C(=O)\C1=C(/O)C1=CC=CS1 LXIKEPCNDFVJKC-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZWYJBNHTWCXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tenoxicam Chemical compound O=C1C=2SC=CC=2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C1=C(O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 WZWYJBNHTWCXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002871 tenoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004558 terguride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005383 terodiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UISARWKNNNHPGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N terodiline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)NC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UISARWKNNNHPGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002207 terofenamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RRJQTGHQFYTZOW-ILWKUFEGSA-N thebacon Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)C=C(OC(C)=O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC RRJQTGHQFYTZOW-ILWKUFEGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004412 thebacon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940015849 thiophene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003868 thrombin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010043554 thrombocytopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002396 thromboxane receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001312 tiaprofenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MTKNGOHFNXIVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ticlopidine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].ClC1=CC=CC=C1CN1CC(C=CS2)=C2CC1 MTKNGOHFNXIVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002961 ticlopidine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AGHANLSBXUWXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tienilic acid Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(OCC(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 AGHANLSBXUWXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000356 tienilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001402 tilidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008411 tilisolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TWVUMMQUXMYOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tilisolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(C)C=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C)C2=C1 TWVUMMQUXMYOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004605 timolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PFENFDGYVLAFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tinoridine Chemical compound C1CC=2C(C(=O)OCC)=C(N)SC=2CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 PFENFDGYVLAFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010298 tinoridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005013 tiotixene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000037816 tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000187 tissue plasminogen activator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004631 tixocortol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YWDBSCORAARPPF-VWUMJDOOSA-N tixocortol Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CS)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 YWDBSCORAARPPF-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001089 todralazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002312 tolazoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JIVZKJJQOZQXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolazoline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=NCCN1 JIVZKJJQOZQXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002905 tolfenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YEZNLOUZAIOMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenamic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O YEZNLOUZAIOMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005461 torasemide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004380 tramadol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N tramadol Natural products COC1=CC=CC([C@@]2(O)[C@@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002051 trandolapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950007110 trecetilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNZXWQJZEDLQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimazosin Chemical compound N1=C2C(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(N)N=C1N1CCN(C(=O)OCC(C)(C)O)CC1 YNZXWQJZEDLQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002906 trimazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UHLOVGKIEARANS-QZHINBJYSA-N tripamide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(=O)NN2C[C@@H]3[C@H]4CC[C@H](C4)[C@@H]3C2)=C1 UHLOVGKIEARANS-QZHINBJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004678 tripamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYZXEMANQYHCFX-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O FYZXEMANQYHCFX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N troglitazone Chemical compound C1CC=2C(C)=C(O)C(C)=C(C)C=2OC1(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001641 troglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-NTKDMRAZSA-N troglitazone Natural products C([C@@]1(OC=2C(C)=C(C(=C(C)C=2CC1)O)C)C)OC(C=C1)=CC=C1C[C@H]1SC(=O)NC1=O GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-NTKDMRAZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCCJWNPWWPJKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tropesin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(=O)OCC(C(O)=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 UCCJWNPWWPJKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002470 tropesin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LEHFPXVYPMWYQD-XHIJKXOTSA-N ulobetasol Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CCl)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O LEHFPXVYPMWYQD-XHIJKXOTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001130 urapidil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000777 urocortin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002229 urogenital system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002004 valdecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N valdecoxib Chemical compound CC=1ON=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M valproate semisodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC.CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000604 valproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N vancomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)[C@H]1C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003165 vancomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000025033 vasoconstriction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005526 vasoconstrictor agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- SYOKIDBDQMKNDQ-XWTIBIIYSA-N vildagliptin Chemical compound C1C(O)(C2)CC(C3)CC1CC32NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C#N SYOKIDBDQMKNDQ-XWTIBIIYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZILPIBYANAFGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N viminol Chemical compound CCC(C)N(C(C)CC)CC(O)C1=CC=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ZILPIBYANAFGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002825 viminol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HHJUWIANJFBDHT-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(N)=O)N4C)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 HHJUWIANJFBDHT-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004355 vindesine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N vinorelbine ditartrate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000744 vinpocetine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011226 visual epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010047303 von Willebrand Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960005080 warfarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N warfarin Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004260 weight control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IYEPZNKOJZOGJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenbucin Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C(O)=O)CC)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 IYEPZNKOJZOGJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005298 xenbucin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000707 ximoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N yohimbine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN3C[C@@H]4CC[C@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H]4C[C@H]33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000317 yohimbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N yohimbine carboxylic acid Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3CC4CCC(C(C4CC33)C(O)=O)O)=C3NC2=C1 AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004227 zaltoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002769 zofenopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAIDUHCBNLFXEF-MNEFBYGVSA-N zofenopril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@@H](C1)SC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)SC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IAIDUHCBNLFXEF-MNEFBYGVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFVVQRJOGUKCEG-OPQSFPLASA-N β-MSH Chemical class C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2C(COC(=O)[C@@](O)([C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)=CCN21 SFVVQRJOGUKCEG-OPQSFPLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091058553 ω-conotoxin GVIA Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/048—Pyridine radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0031—Rectum, anus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/04—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system for myasthenia gravis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
Abstract
本发明提供了结晶的β‑D‑烟酰胺核苷氯化物组合物及其制备方法和用途。还提供了相关的药物组合物及其使用方法。结晶的β‑D‑烟酰胺核苷氯化物组合物可用于治疗受试者的疾病或病症或用于增加受试者的胰岛素敏感性,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平,其包括线粒体疾病或病症、胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖。
Description
发明背景
在20世纪早期,维生素B3被确定为糙皮病患者的饮食中缺少的成分。通过补充烟酸(或尼克酸(niacin)),改善了皮炎的症状,并且在流行该病症的区域中防止了这种病症的发生。在20世纪30年代阐明了烟酸的生物化学作用,发现其对于烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)的生物合成起关键作用,其中所述NAD是细胞呼吸必需的化合物(Preiss,J.;Handler,P.Biosynthesis of Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide I.Identification ofIntermediates J.Biol.Chem.1958 233,488-492.;Preiss,J.;Handler,P.Biosynthesisof Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide II.Enzymatic Aspects J.Biol.Chem.1958 233,493-500)。NAD在细胞呼吸中的具体作用是众所周知的。随着葡萄糖和脂肪酸被氧化,NAD可以接受氢化物等价物,这导致其被还原为NADH。NADH可以提供氢化物等价物,导致其被氧化回NAD。这些还原-氧化循环使用NAD来暂时存储氢离子,但其不消耗NAD。还存在以不同的方式使用NAD的其他酶,并且其目的与产生能量不直接相关。聚ADP核糖聚合酶(PARP)、ADP核糖基转移酶(ART)和沉默调节蛋白(sirtuin)都催化从NAD释放烟酰胺的反应。与ATP水解类似,该反应产生大量的能量。不易发生逆反应,因此必须通过其他机制补充NAD(Bogan,K.L.;Brenner,C.Nicotinic acid,Nicotinamide,and Nicotinamide Riboside:AMolecular Evaluation of NAD+Precursor Vitamins in Human NutritionAnnu.Rev.Nutr.2008,28,115-130)。
尼克酸(或烟酸(吡啶-3-羧酸))及其酰胺尼克酰胺(或烟酰胺(吡啶-3-甲酰胺))在体内被转化为NAD。在哺乳动物中,尼克酰胺(而非尼克酸)可以是主要的NAD前体。从尼克酰胺到NAD的一组生物合成转化显示在图1中。该途径的限速步骤是在尼克酰胺和5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸(PRPP)之间形成键的步骤,并且其通过烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAMPT)催化(Revollo,JR;Grimm,AA;Imai,S.-IJBiol.Chem.2004,279,50754-50763)。NAMPT途径被认为是已知用于烟酰胺再循环的最有效的途径。尼克酸经受了类似的一组转化,但在最后一步中,羧酸必须被转化为羧酰胺以产生NAD。由尼克酸到NAD的生物合成遵循Preiss-Handler途径(图1)。
在1982年,研究了作为原核生物中NAD前体的烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)(Liu,G.;Foster,J.;Manlapaz-Ramos,R.;Loivera,B.M.“Nucleoside Salvage Pathway for NADBiosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium”Bacteriol.1982,152,1111-1116)。与尼克酸相反,假设认为外源供应的NR绕过了Preiss-Handler途径和NAMPT途径的第一部分,也是最耗能的部分(图1)。尽管NR似乎是NAD的天然前体,但由于在膳食来源中明显缺乏NR,其可能仅对NAD生物合成贡献较少量。NR含有高能糖苷键,其在水溶液中自发不稳定,产生烟酰胺和核糖分解产物。这种自发反应根据具体的环境条件以数小时或数天的过程发生,但它使得难以在食物来源中保持任何天然存在的NR,而烟酸或烟酰胺相当稳定并且容易制备和给予。据报道,在牛奶(Bieganowski和Brenner(2004)Cell 117:495-502)和啤酒中产生NR,但是其通常存在的量可能太小而不具有显著的营养意义。
目前,NR补充品受到可用的商业供应的限制。NR补充品可以作为对尼克酸的饮食替代,其优点是可作为更有效的NAD前体。通过利用天然途径合成NAD,同时消耗更少的能量,NR可以为人类健康提供益处。细胞经常受到正常环境因素的损害,并且它们已经发展了修复机制以连续逆转这种损伤。修复机制通过切割高能糖苷键来消耗NAD,以产生例如聚-ADP核糖和ADP-核糖基化蛋白的物质。在严重受损的细胞中,存储的能量不足以产生维持稳态所必需的NAD,并且该损害变得不可逆。因此,富含能量的NAD前体(如NR)能够在分子水平上解决细胞和组织损伤的问题。
NR很难从天然来源分离,因此它几乎总是通过化学合成产生。第一次化学合成是由Todd及其同事在1957年完成的(Haynes,L.J.;Hughes,N.A.;Kenner,G.W.;Todd,A。J.Chem.Soc.1957,3727-3732)。该研究组产生的NR氯化物为围绕糖苷键的α和β端基异构体的混合物,其以约1:4的比例混合。该产物被描述为不能结晶的吸湿性油。从生物化学来源分离NR氯化物的其他研究者也将其描述为吸湿性油(Schlenk,F.“NicotinamideNucleoside”Naturwiss.1940,28,46-47;Gingrich,W.;Schlenk,F.“Codehydrogenase Iand Other Pyridinium Compounds as V-Factor for Hemophilus Influenzae andH.Parainfluenzae”J.Bacteriol.1944,47,535-550)。重要的是,虽然还没有确定具体的立体化学构型,但生物化学合成应该只产生天然α-端基异构体。后续报道证实了NR氯化物的吸湿性和无定形性质(Jarman,M.;Ross,W.C.J.J.Chem.Soc.C,1969,199-203;andAtkinson,M.R.;Morton,R.K.;Naylor,R.Synthesis of Glycosylpyridinium Compoundsfrom Glycosylamines and from Glycosyl Halides J.Chem Soc.1965,610-615)。其他研究组研究了替代的NR阴离子。一种合成方法将端基异构体纯的NR溴化物盐描述为晶体,但是没有充分描述该产物,因此无法确定该材料是否是真正的晶体或仅是无定形固体(Lee,J.;Churchill,H.;Choi,W.-B.;Lynch,J.E.;Roberts,F.E.;Volante,R.P.;Reider,P.J.“Achemical synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)”Chem.Commun.1999,729-730)。之后制备了其它NR盐,并获得了固体,然而从未将其描述为晶体(Tanimori,S.;Ohta,T.;Kirihata,M.An Efficient Chemical Synthesis ofNicotinamide Riboside(NAR)and Analogues Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2002,12,1135-1137;Franchetti,P.;Pasqualini,M.;Petrelli,R.;Ricciutelli,M.;Vita,P.;Cappellacci,L.Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2004,14,4655-4658;Yang,T.;Chan,N.Y.-K.;Sauve,A.A.J.Med.Chem.2007,50,6458-6461)。
先前描述的NR盐制剂是无定形的NR并且极其吸湿,在数秒或数分钟内变成粘性固体,并在环境温度和湿度下在数小时内崩解成油。将无定形盐保持为固体需要将其在干燥气氛下存储,或将其在约-20℃冷冻。重要的是,在环境温度下,在一天的时间内,油性混合物显著分解。该性质对NR盐的分离和处理提出了主要挑战。这也使得难以确定NR制剂的纯度,因为在分析或使用期间无法避免在环境条件下的一些处理。易于处理性和纯度为确定是否可制造一种物质以用于人类消耗的重要因素。这些也是一种物质用于任何后续目的的重要考虑,例如作为另一化学转化过程的合成中间体、作为生物化学试剂、作为分析标准品或用于要求化学纯度和稳定性的任何其它用途。
此外,尽管前面所述的几种端基异构纯的NR盐晶体的制剂是溴盐而不是氯盐,但与相应的氯盐相比,溴盐可具有不必要的毒性或者不是所期望的药用盐形式。例如,溴化物盐,特别是溴化钾,在19世纪和20世纪初经常被用作镇静剂,但是它们于1975年在美国不再被用于非处方镇静剂和头痛药物(例如Bromo-Seltzer),当时由于慢性毒性,溴化物被弃用。每天0.5-1克溴化物的剂量可导致溴中毒,这是具有多种神经系统症状和皮疹的综合征(参见Olson,Kent R.(2003年11月1日).Poisoning&drug overdose(第4版)Appleton&Lange.pp.140-141)。相反,氯化物被认为是“头等”药用盐形式,其可以或多或少地不加限制地使用,因为其代表生理上常见的离子,并且事实上,甚至鼓励健康成人每天消耗2.3克氯化物以补充平均每天通过汗水损失的量,并鼓励摄取提供足够量的其他必需营养素的饮食(参见Saal,C.;Becker,A.Eur J Pharm Sci 2013,49(4),614-623;和国立大学医学研究所,2013,膳食参考摄取物:水、钾、钠、氯化物和硫酸盐,来自国立大学医学研究所:<http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium-Sodium-Chloride-and-Sulfate)。因此,氯化物药用盐通常比相应的溴盐形式更安全,特别是对于需要相对高剂量的药物盐来说。
因此,需要化学纯的和稳定形式的药学上可接受的NR盐,例如烟酰胺核苷氯化物,以及用于其大规模合成和有效制备的相应方法。
发明概述
本发明描述了烟酰胺核苷氯化物的两种截然不同的结晶形式的制备和表征。在一个实施方案中,烟酰胺核苷氯化物结晶以得到含有烟酰胺核苷氯化物的物质,该物质具有小于5000ppm的其它成分,特别是乙醇(例如,纯度大于90%(w/w)的烟酰胺核苷氯化物晶体,具有<4000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其他溶剂)。在第二个实施方案中,在烟酰胺核苷氯化物结晶得到的物质中,每1当量烟酰胺核苷氯化物含有0.9摩尔当量甲醇(例如,大于90%纯度(w/w)的烟酰胺核苷氯化物晶体具有小于1.1摩尔当量的甲醇(例如0.01至1.0摩尔当量的甲醇)和<1000ppm的其它溶剂)。这两种物质都反射并折射平面偏振光,使得它们通过偏振滤光器可见,同时具有暗背景。两种结晶形式在环境储存条件下均保持至少四周的稳定。在一些实施方案中,所述结晶形式稳定至少六周、八周、两个月、四个月、八个月或十二个月。在一些实施方案中,环境储存条件是通常参考的标准环境温度和压力(SATP),其为25℃(77°F),压力为100kPA(~1atm,14.7psi)。或者,环境条件是温度和压力的IUPAC(国际理论与应用化学联合会)标准条件,例如0℃(32°F)的温度和100kPA(~1atm,14.7psi)的压力。
此外,在加热时,第一种晶型远比烟酰胺核苷的无定形形式更耐受分解。就其化学稳定性和纯度而言,该物质的结晶性质相对于先前描述的油状或无定形形式提供了巨大优点。除了第二实施方案中存在甲醇以外,两种晶型均由>95%纯度的烟酰胺核苷氯化物组成。结晶形式还使得对散装物质的操作比处理无定形形式容易得多。
本发明还描述了一种适于大规模合成的用于制备烟酰胺核苷氯化物的方法。在该方法中,不采用色谱法分离任何中间体。通过用有机溶剂,特别是四氢呋喃萃取含有烟酰胺核苷、氯化钠和碱金属三氟甲磺酸盐的水溶液,实现了从三氟甲磺酸盐或乙酸盐到氯化物的离子交换。该离子交换方法避免了对离子交换树脂或繁琐的色谱法的需要,从而制备了氯化物盐。大规模制备烟酰胺核苷氯化物的能力使得可以制备烟酰胺核苷以用作食品添加剂、营养补充剂、化学合成的中间体、或用于任何需要大量(例如>1g)的烟酰胺核糖苷氯化物的其它目的。
烟酰胺核苷氯化物,特别是>95%纯的β-烟酰胺核苷氯化物,代表了一种人类消耗所期望的盐形式。氯阴离子通常被认为是安全的,没有任何明显的毒性或不期望的药理作用。这与之前公开的烟酰胺核苷的溴盐形式形成对比,因为已知溴化物盐具有不希望的和潜在的危险神经学效应(Friedlander,W.J.Arch.Neurol.2000,57,1782-1785)。硫酸根和磷酸根阴离子具有泻药性质(Patel,V.;Nicar,M.;Emmett,M.;Asplin,J.;Maguire,J.A.;Santa Ana,C.A.;Fordtran,J.S.Am.J.Gastroenterol.2009,104,953-965)。已知碘化物减少甲状腺素的产生并具有必须仔细监测的代谢作用(Bürgi,H.BestPract.Res.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2010,24,107-115)。已知羧酸根与NR的糖苷键反应,因此相比于氯盐,这些阴离子更难以确保最终化合物的化学纯度(Szczepankiewicz,B.G.;Koppetsch,K.J.;Perni,R.B.J.Org.Chem.2011,76,6465-6474)。其它阴离子,例如甲磺酸根,甲苯磺酸根,三氟甲磺酸根,高氯酸根,四氟硼酸根,六氟磷酸根和许多其它阴离子在被给予人类时引入了外来成分,因为这类阴离子为通常不存在于体内的化学物质。
在本发明中,氯离子(chloride)是烟酰胺核苷的优选抗衡离子。然而,本发明的方法可适于产生盐形式,例如二(烟酰胺核苷)硫酸盐、烟酰胺核苷硫酸氢盐、单-或二-(烟酰胺核苷)磷酸盐、单-、二-、三-或四-烟酰胺核苷羧酸盐(包括乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐和其它单羧酸盐;以及丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐和其它二羧酸盐;柠檬酸盐、异柠檬酸盐和其它三羧酸盐;乙二胺四乙酸盐和其它四羧酸盐)、烟酰胺核苷碘化物、烟酰胺核苷甲磺酸盐、烟酰胺核苷甲苯磺酸盐、烟酰胺核苷三氟甲磺酸盐、烟酰胺核苷高氯酸盐、烟酰胺核苷碳酸氢盐、二(烟酰胺核苷)碳酸盐或任何其它烟酰核苷盐,相比于烟酰胺核苷氯化物,这些盐是次优选的形式。
一方面,本发明提供了基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物晶体,其化学纯度大于90%(w/w),含有<4000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。
另一方面,本发明提供了基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物甲醇化物晶体,其化学纯度大于90%(w/w),含有0.01至1.1摩尔当量的甲醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。在一个实施方案中,权利要求2的基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷)氯化物甲醇化物晶体含有0.7至1.1摩尔当量的甲醇。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述基本纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体包含小于1%(mol/mol)的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2S(α)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体具有大于95%(w/w)的化学纯度。在一些实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体具有大于或等于99%(w/w)的化学纯度。
在一些实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体含有<4000ppm的乙醇。在具体的实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体含有的乙醇水平例如为:0至100ppm的乙醇,或者100至200ppm的乙醇,或者200至300ppm的乙醇,或者300至400ppm的乙醇,或者400至500ppm的乙醇。
在一些实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体具有基本如图6所示的X射线粉末衍射图(例如,X射线粉末衍射图具有四个以上的以下X射线粉末衍射峰:约14.2°、约17.1°、约20.5°、约22.7°、约23.8°、约25.1°、约26.8°和约34.2°(度))。
在其它实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体具有基本如图8所示的红外吸收光谱(例如,红外吸收光谱包含大约在以下位置的峰(cm-1):3299、1700、1398、1080、982、887和795)。
在一些实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物甲醇化物晶体具有基本如图4所示的X射线粉末衍射图(例如,X射线粉末衍射图具有五个以上的以下X射线粉末衍射峰:约-11.1、约-7.1、约-2.9、约1.0、约4.7、约15.2、约18.2、约21.4、约23.5、约24.9、约26.0和约27.7度)。
在其它实施方案中,所述基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)甲醇化物晶体具有基本如图7所示的红外吸收光谱(例如,红外吸收光谱基本包含大约在以下位置的峰(cm-1):3361、1674、1610、1394、1082、982、833和792)。
在另一方面,本发明提供了获得基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体的方法,其中使用有机溶剂以将三氟甲磺酸盐从水性反应混合物萃取到有机溶剂中,从而从所述水性混合物中除去三氟甲磺酸根阴离子。在一些实施方案中,所述有机溶剂为醚类溶剂。在具体的实施方案中,所述醚类溶剂为四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、3-甲基四氢呋喃、吡喃、二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、乙醚、二-正丙基醚、二异丙醚或叔丁基甲基醚。在其它实施方案中,所述有机溶剂为乙腈、丙腈或丁腈。在其它实施方案中,所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或乙腈。在其它实施方案中,所述三氟甲磺酸盐为三氟-甲磺酸锂、三氟甲磺酸钠、三氟甲磺酸钾、三氟甲磺酸铷、三氟甲磺酸铯、三氟-甲磺酸铵、三氟甲磺酸钙或三氟甲磺酸镁。
在另一方面,本发明提供了药物组合物,其包含基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物晶体,该晶体具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,含有<4000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。在一些实施方案中,所述药物组合物用于肠内给药。在具体的实施方案中,所述药物组合物用于口服给药。在其它实施方案中,所述药物组合物用于直肠或舌下给药。在其它实施方案中,所述药物组合物用于胃肠外给药。在其它实施方案中,所述药物组合物用于静脉内注射。在其它实施方案中,所述药物组合物用于鼻内给药、经皮给药、泌尿生殖系统给药、眼给药、耳给药或呼吸系统吸入给药。
在另一方面,本发明提供了适合哺乳动物消耗的食品或饮料,其包含基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物晶体,其具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,包含<4000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。在一些实施方案中,所述食品或饮料中,每千克的食品或饮料包含至少约10mg的烟酰胺核苷。在具体的实施方案中,所述食品或饮料中,每克食品或饮料包含至少约10mg的烟酰胺核苷。
在又一方面,本发明提供了制备3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)阳离子的药学可接受的非氯化物盐形式的方法,其通过提供结晶的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物并对其进行化学处理,以提供3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)-四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))阳离子盐的药学可接受非氯化物盐形式。在一些实施方案中,该结晶的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物为基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物晶体,其具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,含有<4000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。在其它实施方案中,该结晶的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物为基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物甲醇化物晶体,其具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,含有0.01至1.1摩尔当量的甲醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。在其它实施方案中,该药学可接受的非氯化物盐形式为硫酸盐、磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、异丁酸盐、戊酸盐、己酸盐、庚酸盐、辛酸盐、乳酸盐、2-羟基丁酸盐、3-羟基丁酸盐、苯甲酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、异柠檬酸盐或乙二胺四乙酸盐。
在又一方面,本发明提供了制备3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物水溶液的方法,其通过提供结晶的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物,并将所述结晶的2R(β)烟酰胺核苷氯化物与水接触。
在其它方面,本发明提供了治疗疾病或病症的方法,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平,所述方法包括给予药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其中所述β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体为基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物晶体,其具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,含有<4000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。在一些实施方案中,所述疾病或病症为胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病或肥胖。在具体的实施方案中,所述疾病或病症为线粒体疾病或病症。在一些实施方案中,所述线粒体疾病或病症为神经肌肉障碍、神经元不稳定的病症、神经退行性疾病或线粒体肌病。在其它实施方案中,所述线粒体疾病或病症为弗里德赖希氏共济失调(Friedreich’s Ataxia)、肌营养不良、多发性硬化、癫痫病、偏头痛、阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease)、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、局部缺血、肾小管性酸中毒、年龄相关的神经退行性病变和认知衰退、化疗疲劳、年龄相关的或化疗导致的停经或月经周期或排卵的不规律、线粒体肌病、线粒体损伤(例如,钙积累、兴奋性中毒、一氧化氮暴露、药物导致的毒性损伤或缺氧)或线粒体反常。在其它实施方案中,所述线粒体疾病或病症为线粒体肌病,如进行性外眼肌麻痹、卡恩斯-塞尔综合征(Keams-Sayre syndrome)、MELAS综合征(线粒体脑肌病、乳酸性酸中毒和中风样发作)、MERFF综合征(肌阵挛型癫痫和蓬毛样红纤维(ragged red fiber))、肢带分布型无力或婴儿肌病(良性或恶性且致死的)。
在其它方面,本发明提供了用于治疗的化合物或药物组合物,其中所述化合物为基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体(3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)),其具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,含有<4000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物或药物组合物用于治疗疾病或病症,所述疾病或病症受益于增加的NAD水平(例如,胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖或线粒体疾病或病症)。
在另一方面,所述化合物或其药用盐用于制备用于治疗疾病或病症的药物,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平(例如,胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖或线粒体疾病或病症)。
附图说明
图1描述了影响NAD代谢的NAD生物合成途径,包括用于尼克酸结合的Preiss-Handler途径,利用外源NR的NR途径和用于烟酸结合的NAMPT途径。不同的生物合成途径以阴影表示并被相应地标记。所描述的化合物的简写:ADP-腺苷二磷酸;ATP-腺苷三磷酸;NA-烟酸;NAAD-烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸;NAD-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸;NAMN-烟酸单核苷酸;NM-烟酰胺;NMN-烟酰胺单核苷酸;NR-烟酰胺核苷;PRPP-5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸;PPi-焦磷酸盐。酶的简写:消耗NAD的酶包括:ADP核糖基转移酶、聚-ADP核糖基转移酶和沉默调节蛋白;NADSYN–NAD合成酶;NAPRT-烟酸磷酸核糖基转移酶;NAMPT-烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶;NMNAT-烟酰胺单核苷酸腺苷转移酶。
图2描述了烟酰胺核苷氯化物的化学结构和编号方案。
图3为烟酰胺核苷氯化物-0.9甲醇盐晶体在平面偏振光下放大90倍的照片。
图4为烟酰胺核苷氯化物的甲醇盐晶体的X射线粉末衍射图。
图5为烟酰胺核苷氯化物盐晶体在平面偏振光下放大90倍的照片。
图6为来自乙醇的烟酰胺核苷氯化物晶体的X射线粉末衍射图,其具有<5000ppm的乙醇。
图7为结晶的烟酰胺核苷甲醇化物的红外吸收光谱,其由甲醇溶液结晶。
图8为结晶的烟酰胺核苷的红外吸收光谱,其由乙醇溶液结晶。
图9为烟酰胺核苷氯化物在D2O中的1H NMR谱,其由乙醇结晶。
图10为烟酰胺核苷氯化物在d6-DMSO(氘代DMSO,其具有化学式(CD3)2S=O)中的1HNMR谱。
图11为溶剂的1H NMR谱,该溶剂用于图10中所示的d6-DMSO中的烟酰胺核苷的1HNMR谱。
图12为烟酰胺核苷的COSY(相关光谱法)NMR谱,证明了纯度和身份(identity)。
图13为烟酰胺核苷的13C NMR谱。
图14为烟酰胺核苷的DEPT135(无畸变的极化转移增强)NMR谱,其显示质子(-H)的位置。
图15为烟酰胺核苷在D2O溶液中的HSQC(异核单量子相关)NMR谱,其显示碳-氢偶合。
图16是条形图,其显示6小时和24小时NR氯化物剂量依赖性增加真皮成纤维细胞的NAD水平。
发明详述
本发明提供了烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂及用其预防或治疗哺乳动物(例如人)的临床病症的方法,其中涉及了NAD前体,所述方法包括给予治疗有效量的β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物。特别地,本发明提供了用于预防或治疗疾病或病症的方法,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平,如胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖或线粒体疾病或病症。
虽然可以单独给予β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物,但其也可以作为药物制剂提供。因此,本发明还提供了药物制剂,其包含β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物和药学可接受的载体或赋形剂、以及任选的一种或多种其它治疗成分。
在下文中,除非上下文另有规定,否则术语“活性成分”是指β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物。
制剂包括适于口服、胃肠外(包括皮下、皮内、肌内、静脉内和关节内)、吸入(包括可通过各种类型的计量加压气溶胶、喷雾器或吸入器产生的微细颗粒粉剂或雾剂)、直肠和局部(包括经皮、含服、舌下和眼内)给予,但最合适的途径取决于例如受试者的状况和病症。该制剂可以方便地以单位剂型存在,并且可以通过药学领域熟知的任何方法制备。所有方法均包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体缔合的步骤。通常,制剂通过将活性成分与液体载体或微细粉碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地缔合而制备,然后如果需要,将产品成型为所需的制剂。
每个胶囊或药筒(cartridge)通常可含有20mg-10g的活性成分,其任选地与另一种治疗活性成分组合。或者,本发明的化合物可不含赋形剂而存在。制剂的包装可以适合于单位剂量或多剂量递送。
优选的单位剂量制剂是含有上文所述的有效剂量的活性成分或其适当部分的那些。
应当理解,除了上述特别提及的成分之外,本发明的制剂可以包含与所讨论的制剂类型有关的本领域中常规的其它试剂,例如适合于口服给药的那些制剂可包括矫味剂。
根据本发明的化合物和药物制剂可以与一种或多种其它治疗剂组合使用,或者包括一种或多种其它治疗剂,所述治疗剂例如选自其他NAD前体,例如烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)和/或尼克酸(烟酸或维生素B3)。因此,本发明在其它方面提供了包含β-D-烟酰胺核苷与一种或多种其它治疗活性剂的组合,所述治疗活性剂例如选自抗炎剂(例如皮质类固醇或NSAID)。
药物组合物、剂量和给药方案
当用于治疗时,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物盐通常配制成药物组合物。这种组合物可以使用各种方法制备。
因此,本发明进一步提供了用于治疗疾病或病症的药物组合物,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平,例如胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖或线粒体疾病或病症,所述药物组合物包含β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物和药学可接受的载体。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过在例如环境温度和/或大气压下混合而制备,其通常适于口服,胃肠外或直肠给药,因此可以是片剂、胶囊、口服液体制剂、散剂、颗粒、锭剂、可重构散剂、可注射或可输注的溶液或悬浮液、或栓剂的形式。
通常优选可以口服给药的药物组合物,例如片剂或胶囊。
用于口服给药的片剂或胶囊可以是单位剂量形式,并且可以含有一种或多种赋形剂,例如粘合剂(例如聚维酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素或淀粉)、填充剂(例如甘露醇或乳糖)、微晶纤维素、润滑剂例如压片润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸)、崩解剂(例如片剂崩解剂)和/或药学可接受的润湿剂。片剂可以被包衣,例如被膜包衣,例如根据片剂包衣方法。胶囊可以是硬或软胶囊,其含有本发明的化合物或盐以及一种或多种赋形剂,例如,以散剂或丸剂形式。
口服液体制剂可以是例如水性或油性的悬浮液、溶液、乳液、糖浆或酏剂的形式,或者可以是在使用前用水或其它合适的介质重构的干燥产品的形式。这些液体制剂可含有一种或多种添加剂,例如悬浮剂,乳化剂,非水性媒介物(其可包括食用油)和/或防腐剂,和/或如果需要,可含有矫味剂和/或着色剂。
对于胃肠外给药,流体单位剂型通常使用本发明的化合物或其药学可接受的盐以及无菌媒介物制备。化合物或盐,例如,取决于所使用的介质和/或浓度,可悬浮或溶解在媒介物中。在制备溶液时,可以将化合物或盐溶解以用于注射,并过滤灭菌,然后填充到合适的小瓶或安瓿中并密封。添加剂例如局部麻醉剂、防腐剂和/或缓冲剂可被溶解在媒介物中。为了提高稳定性,组合物可以在填充到小瓶中之后冷冻,并且在真空下除去水。除了将化合物或盐悬浮而不是溶解在介质中,以及通常不通过过滤灭菌之外,通常以基本上相同的方式制备胃肠外悬浮液。在一个实施方案中,将化合物或盐灭菌(例如通过暴露于环氧乙烷),然后将其悬浮在无菌载体中。在一个实施方案中,组合物中包含表面活性剂或润湿剂以促进化合物或盐的均匀分布。
所述药物组合物可以含有占组合物重量的0.1%至99%的活性物质(即β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物盐),具体是组合物重量的1至60%或10至60%的活性物质。例如,这可以根据给予途径和/或组合物的预期用途而变化。
在所述药物组合物中的药学可接受的载体的总量可以例如根据所述药物组合物和/或其预期用途和/或给药途径而变化。在一个实施方案中,在所述药物组合物中的药学可接受的载体的总量(例如或即,其中存在的一种或多种赋形剂的总量,例如本文提及的一种或多种赋形剂类型),在组合物重量的1%至99.9%的范围内,例如组合物重量的40%至99%,例如40%至90%。另外或替代地,在一个实施方案中,对于单位剂量形式的组合物(例如用于口服给药的组合物,例如片剂或胶囊),该单位剂量形式药物组合物中药物可接受的载体的总量(例如或即,其中存在的一种或多种赋形剂的总量)可以为10mg至10,000mg、10mg至2000mg、20mg至1500mg或100mg至约1000mg。
β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物(例如在治疗或预防上述病症/疾病/障碍时使用的和/或包含在药物组合物中的β-D-烟酰胺核苷氯化物的剂量,例如口服剂量,可以例如以常规方式随疾病的严重性、患者的体重和/或其他类似因素而变化。在一个实施方案中,该单位剂量用于每天给予一次(例如通过口服)给药于哺乳动物,例如人;或者这样的单位剂量可用于每天给予多于一次,例如每天两次或三次(例如口服)给药于哺乳动物,例如人。这样的治疗可以延长数周、数月或数年。
示例性用途
在一些方面,本发明提供了治疗或预防疾病或病症的方法,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平,例如通过增加NAD的体内水平(例如细胞内NAD水平、组织或血浆中的NAD水平和/或生物体中总的NAD水平)。不希望限于单一机制,增加的NAD水平用于调节一种或多种沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性,例如通过激活SIRT1和/或SIRT3。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供了使用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物激活沉默调节蛋白的方法,例如增加沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性。增加的沉默调节蛋白活性和/或增加的沉默调节蛋白水平可用于多种治疗应用,包括例如增加细胞的寿命,以及治疗和/或预防多种疾病和病症,包括例如与年龄或应激有关的疾病或病症、糖尿病、肥胖、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、凝血障碍、炎症、癌症和/或潮红(flushing)等。所述方法包括向有需要的受试者给予药学有效量的烟酰胺核苷氯化物盐制剂或药物制剂。
在一些实施方案中,本文所述的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可单独使用或与其它药剂组合使用。在一个实施方案中,烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可以与调节沉默调节蛋白的化合物结合给予有此需要的受试者(例如,变构性SIRT1活化剂,例如WO 2007/019346,WO 2007/019344、WO 2008/156866、WO2008/156869、WO2010/071853、WO2009/134973、WO2010/003048、WO2010/037127、WO2010/037129、WO2013/059587、WO2013/059589、WO2013/059594和WO 2011/059839中描述的那些)。在另一个实施方案中,所述烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可与一种或多种以下化合物一起给药:白藜芦醇、紫铆花素(butein)、漆黄素、白皮杉醇(piceatannol)或槲皮素。在示例性的实施方案中,所述烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可与烟酸(即尼克酸)组合给药。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可与一种或多种以下降低沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性的化合物一起给予:烟酰胺(NAM),suranim;EX527(6-氯-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-咔唑-1-甲酰胺);NF023(G-蛋白拮抗剂);NF279(嘌呤能受体拮抗剂);Trolox(6-羟基-2,5,7,8,四甲基色满-2-羧酸);(-)-没食子儿茶精(羟基在3,5,7,3’,4’,5’位点上);(-)-没食子儿茶精没食子酸酯(羟基位点为5,7,3’,4’,5’且没食子酸酯在3位上);氯化花青素(3,5,7,3’,4’-五羟基氯化黄鎓盐);氯化花翠素(3,5,7,3’,4’,5’-六羟基氯化黄鎓盐);杨梅黄素(杨梅黄酮;3,5,7,3’,4’,5’-六羟基黄酮);3,7,3’,4’,5’-五羟基黄酮;棉花色素(3,5,7,8,3’,4’-六羟基黄酮),sirtinol;和splitomicin(参见例如,Howitz等人,(2003)Nature 425:191;Grozinger等人,(2001)J.Biol.Chem.276:38837;Dedalov等人,(2001)PNAS 98:15113;以及Hirao等人,(2003)J.Biol.Chem 278:52773)。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可与一种或多种用于治疗或预防各种疾病的治疗剂一起给予,所述疾病包括:例如,癌症、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、凝血障碍、炎症、潮红、肥胖、衰老、应激等。在各种实施方案中,包含本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物的组合疗法可以指(1)包含本发明的一种或多种烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物的药物组合物与一种或多种治疗剂的组合;和(2)将一种或多种本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物与一种或多种治疗剂共同给予,其中烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物和所述治疗剂没有被配制在相同的组合物中。当使用单独的制剂时,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以与另一种治疗剂在时间上同时、间歇、交错、在其之前、之后给药或以它们组合的方式给药。
在一些实施方案中,使用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物来缓解、预防或治疗疾病或病症的方法还可以包括增加沉默调节蛋白(例如人SIRT1或其同源物)的蛋白水平。增加蛋白质水平可以通过将一个或多个编码沉默调节蛋白的核酸拷贝引入细胞中来实现。例如,通过向哺乳动物细胞中引入编码沉默调节蛋白的核酸可以在所述哺乳动物细胞中增加沉默调节蛋白的水平(例如,通过引入编码基因库登录号NP_036370中所列的氨基酸序列的核酸来增加SIRT1的水平)。核酸可受到调节SIRT1核酸表达的启动子的控制。或者,可以在基因组中位于启动子下游的位置将核酸引入细胞。使用这些方法增加蛋白质水平的方法是本领域熟知的。
被引入细胞以增加沉默调节蛋白的蛋白质水平的核酸可以编码与沉默调节蛋白的序列(例如,GenBank登录号NP_036370)具有至少约80%、85%、90%、95%、98%或99%同一性的蛋白质。例如,编码蛋白质的核酸可以与GenBank登录号NM_012238具有至少约80%、85%、90%、95%、98%或99%的同一性。核酸还可以是(优选在严格杂交条件下)与编码野生型沉默调节蛋白的核酸(例如GenBank登录号NM_012238)杂交的核酸。严格杂交条件可包括在65℃杂交并在0.2×SSC中洗涤。当使用编码不同于野生型沉默调节蛋白的蛋白质的核酸,例如作为野生型沉默调节蛋白的片段的蛋白质时,该蛋白质优选是生物活性的,例如能够去乙酰化。仅需要在细胞中表达具有生物活性的沉默调节蛋白的一部分。例如,与具有GenBank登录号NP_036370的野生型SIRT1不同的蛋白质,优选该部分含有其核心结构。核心结构有时指GenBank登录号NP_036370的氨基酸62-293,其由GenBank登录号NM_012238的核苷酸237至932编码,其涵盖NAD结合结构域以及底物结合结构域。SIRT1的核心结构域还可以大约指GenBank登录号NP_036370的氨基酸261至447,其由GenBank登录号NM_012238的核苷酸834至1394编码;还可以大约指GenBank登录号NP_036370的氨基酸242至493,其由GenBank登录号NM_012238的核苷酸777至1532编码;或大约指GenBank登录号NP_036370的氨基酸254至495,其由GenBank登录号NM_012238的核苷酸813至1538编码。可以根据本领域已知的方法来确定蛋白质是否保持生物学功能(例如,去乙酰化能力)。
在一些实施方案中,使用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物来缓解、预防或治疗疾病或病症的方法还可以包括降低沉默调节蛋白(如人SIRT1或其同源物)的蛋白水平。降低沉默调节蛋白的蛋白水平可以根据本领域已知的方法实现。例如,可以在细胞中表达靶向沉默调节蛋白的siRNA、反义核酸或核酶。也可以使用显性负沉默调节蛋白突变体,例如不能去乙酰化的突变体。例如,可以使用SIRT1的突变体H363Y,描述于例如Luo等人,(2001)Cell 107:137中。或者,可以使用抑制转录的试剂。
调节沉默调节蛋白水平的方法还包括调节编码沉默调节蛋白的基因转录的方法、用于使相应的mRNA稳定/失稳的方法、以及本领域已知的其它方法。
衰老/应激
在本发明的一个方面,将受益于增加的NAD水平的所述疾病或病症与衰老和/或应激有关。因此,在一个实施方案中,本发明提供通过使细胞与本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物接触来延长细胞寿命、增强细胞增殖能力、延缓细胞老化、促进细胞存活、在细胞中延迟细胞衰老、模拟热量限制的作用、增加抑制细胞对应激的抗性或预防细胞凋亡的方法。
例如,本文所述的方法可以用于增加细胞,特别是原代细胞(即从生物体例如人类获得的细胞),可以在细胞培养物中保持存活的时间量。胚胎干(ES)细胞和多能细胞以及由其所分化的细胞也可以用调节沉默调节蛋白的化合物处理,所述化合物增加沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性以使细胞或其后代在培养物中保持更长的时间。这样的细胞还可以用于被移植到受试者中,例如,在离体修饰后。
在一个实施方案中,旨在被长期保存的细胞可以用增加NAD体内水平(即细胞内NAD水平)的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物进行处理。细胞可以在悬浮液(例如,血细胞,血清,生物生长培养基等)中或在组织或器官中。例如,为了输血目的从个体收集的血液可以用调节沉默调节蛋白的化合物处理,该化合物增加沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性以将血细胞保持更长的时间。此外,用于法医目的的血液也可以使用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物来保存。可以被处理以延长其寿命或防止凋亡的其他细胞包括用于消耗的细胞,例如来自非人哺乳动物(例如肉)或植物细胞(例如蔬菜)的细胞。
本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物也可以在哺乳动物、植物、昆虫或微生物的发育和生长阶段期间应用,目的是例如改变、延缓或加速发育和/或生长过程。
在另一个实施方案中,可以使用增加NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物来处理用于移植或细胞治疗的细胞,包括例如实体组织移植物、器官移植、细胞悬浮液、干细胞、骨髓细胞等。细胞或组织可以是自体移植物,同种异体移植物,同种同基因移植物或异种移植物。在给予/植入之前、给予/植入的同时、和/或给予/植入到受试者中以后,可以使用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物来处理细胞或组织。可在从供体个体除去细胞之前处理细胞或组织、在从供体个体除去细胞或组织后离体处理细胞或组织,或在植入受体后处理细胞或组织。例如,供体或受体个体可以用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物进行全身治疗,或者可以具有用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物局部治疗的一亚组细胞/组织,所述制剂和药物组合物增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性。在一些实施方案中,细胞或组织(或供体/受体个体)可另外用另一种用于延长移植物存活的治疗剂治疗,例如免疫抑制剂、细胞因子、血管生成因子等。
在其他实施方案中,细胞可以用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物治疗,所述制剂和药物组合物在体内增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性,例如增加其寿命或预防凋亡。例如,通过用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物处理皮肤或上皮细胞,可以保护皮肤免于老化(例如,形成皱纹、丧失弹性等),所述制剂和药物组合物增加NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性。在示例性的实施方案中,使皮肤与包含本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物的药物或化妆品组合物接触,所述制剂和药物组合物增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性。可以根据本文所述的方法治疗的示例性皮肤病或皮肤病症包括与炎症、晒伤或自然老化相关或由其引起的障碍或疾病。例如,该组合物可用于:预防或治疗接触性皮炎(包括刺激性接触性皮炎和过敏性接触性皮炎)、特应性皮炎(也称为过敏性湿疹)、光化性角化病,角质化障碍(包括湿疹)、大疱性表皮松解疾病(包括天疱疮(penfigus))、剥脱性皮炎、脂溢性皮炎、红斑(包括多形性红斑和结节性红斑),由日光或其他光源引起的损伤、盘状红斑狼疮,皮肌炎,银屑病,皮肤癌和自然老化的影响。在另一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于处理伤口和/或烧伤以促进愈合,包括例如一度、二度或三度烧伤和/或热灼伤、化学灼伤或电灼伤。在有效带来期望效果的给药方案的背景下,制剂可作为软膏、洗剂、乳膏、微乳液、凝胶、溶液等被局部给予于皮肤或粘膜组织,如在本文中进一步描述的那样。
包含一种或多种提高沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性的沉默调节蛋白-调节性化合物的局部制剂也可用作预防性组合物,例如化学预防性组合物。当用于化学预防方法中时,在具体个体中出现任何可见病状之前处理易感皮肤。
本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可以被局部或全身递送至受试者。在一个实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物通过注射、局部制剂等被局部递送到受试者的组织或器官。
在另一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可用于在受试者中治疗或预防疾病或病症,所述疾病或病症由细胞衰老诱导或加重;用于降低受试者衰老速率的方法,例如,在衰老开始后使用;延长受试者的寿命的方法;治疗或预防与寿命相关的疾病或病症的方法;用于治疗或预防与细胞的增殖能力相关的疾病或病症的方法;和用于治疗或预防由细胞损伤或死亡引起的疾病或病症的方法。在一些实施方案中,该方法不通过降低使受试者的寿命缩短的疾病的发生率起作用。在一些实施方案中,该方法不通过降低由诸如癌症的疾病引起的致死性而起作用。
在另一个实施方案中,可以向受试者给予增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物,从而总体上增加细胞寿命并保护其细胞免受应激和/或凋亡。据信,用本文所述的化合物治疗受试者类似于使受试者经历毒物刺激作用,即对生物有益并且可延长其寿命的温和应激。
也可以向受试者给予增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物,以用于治疗与细胞死亡有关的疾病(例如慢性疾病)以保护细胞免于经受细胞死亡。示例性疾病包括与神经细胞死亡、神经元功能障碍或肌细胞死亡或功能障碍相关的疾病,例如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症和肌营养不良;艾滋病;暴发性肝炎;与脑退化相关的疾病,例如克雅氏病(Creutzfeld-Jakob diease)、色素性视网膜炎和小脑变性;脊髓发育不良如再生障碍性贫血;缺血性疾病如心肌梗塞和中风;肝病如酒精性肝炎、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎;关节疾病如骨关节炎;动脉粥样硬化;脱发;紫外线对皮肤的伤害;扁平苔藓;皮肤萎缩;白内障;和移植排斥。细胞死亡也可以由手术、药物治疗、化学暴露或辐射暴露引起。
也可将本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物给予至患有急性疾病(例如器官或组织的损伤)的受试者,如,患有中风或心肌梗塞的受试者或患有脊髓损伤的受试者。增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物也可用于修复酒精性肝脏。
心血管疾病
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗和/或预防心血管疾病的方法,其通过向有此需要的受试者给药本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物,所述制剂或组合物增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性。
使用本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物来治疗或预防的心血管疾病包括心肌病或心肌炎,例如特发性心肌病、代谢性心肌病、酒精中毒性心肌病、药物诱导的心肌病、缺血性心肌病和高血压性心肌病。还可使用本文所述的组合物和方法治疗或预防的是主要血管的动脉粥样化病症(大血管疾病),所述主要血管例如为主动脉、冠状动脉、颈动脉、脑血管动脉、肾动脉、髂动脉、股动脉和腘动脉。可被治疗或预防的其他血管疾病包括与以下相关的血管疾病:血小板聚集、视网膜小动脉、肾小球小动脉、神经滋养血管、心脏小动脉和眼睛、肾脏、心脏和中枢以及外周神经系统的相关毛细血管床。增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物也可用于增加个体血浆中的HDL水平。
可以用增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白活性的沉默调节蛋白-调节性化合物治疗的其它病症包括:再狭窄(例如冠状动脉介入后的再狭窄)和与异常水平的高密度胆固醇和低密度胆固醇相关的病症。
在一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以作为与另一种心血管药剂的组合治疗的一部分,所述另一种心血管药剂包括例如:抗心律失常药、抗高血压药、钙通道阻滞剂、心脏停搏液、强心剂、纤维蛋白溶解剂、硬化溶液(sclerosing solution)、血管收缩剂、血管扩张剂、一氧化氮供体、钾通道阻滞剂、钠通道阻滞剂、他汀类或促尿钠排泄药。
在一个实施方案中,可以将增加NAD的水平和/或活性和/或沉默调节蛋白活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物作为与抗心律失常药的组合治疗的一部分。抗心律失常药物通常根据其作用机制被分为四大组:I型,钠通道阻滞;II型,β-肾上腺素能阻滞;III型,复极化延长;和IV型,钙通道阻滞。I型抗心律失常药包括利多卡因、莫立昔嗪、美西律、妥卡尼、普鲁卡因胺、恩卡胺、氟卡尼(flecanide)、托卡胺、苯妥英、普罗帕酮、奎尼丁、丙吡胺和氟卡尼。II型抗心律失常药包括普萘洛尔和艾司洛尔。III型包括通过延长动作电位的持续时间起作用的药剂,例如胺碘酮、阿替利特、溴苄胺、氯非铵、isobutilide、索他洛尔、阿齐利特、多非利特、决奈达隆、艾生利特、伊布利特、替地沙米和曲西利特。IV型抗心律失常药包括维拉帕米、地尔硫卓、洋地黄、腺苷、氯化镍和镁离子。
在另一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以作为与另一种心血管药剂的联合治疗的一部分给予。心血管药物的实例包括:血管扩张剂,例如肼苯哒嗪;血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂,例如,卡托普利;抗心绞痛药,例如硝酸异山梨酯、硝酸甘油和季戊四醇四硝酸酯;抗心律失常药,例如奎尼丁、普鲁卡因胺和利诺卡因;强心苷,例如,地高辛和洋地黄毒苷;钙拮抗剂,例如,维拉帕米和硝苯地平;利尿剂,例如噻嗪类和相关化合物,例如,苄氟噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、氢氯噻嗪和其他利尿剂,例如呋塞米和氨苯蝶啶;和镇静药,例如硝西泮、氟西泮和地西泮。
其它示例性的心血管药剂包括例如:环氧合酶抑制剂,如阿司匹林或吲哚美辛;血小板聚集抑制剂,如氯吡格雷、噻氯匹定或阿司匹林;纤维蛋白原拮抗剂或利尿剂,如氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氟噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、苄氟噻嗪、甲基氯噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪或苄噻嗪以及依他尼酸、替尼酸、氯噻酮、呋塞米、木索亚胺、布美他尼、氨苯蝶啶、阿米洛利和螺内酯及这些化合物的盐;血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂如卡托普利、佐芬普利、福辛普利、依那普利、塞拉普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、喷托普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、赖诺普利和这些化合物的盐;血管紧张素II拮抗剂,如氯沙坦、厄贝沙坦或缬沙坦;血栓溶解剂,如组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、重组tPA、链激酶、尿激酶、尿激酶原和茴香酰化的纤溶酶原链激酶激活剂复合物(APSAC,Eminase,Beecham Laboratories)或动物唾液腺纤溶酶原激活剂;钙通道阻滞剂,如维拉帕米、硝苯地平或地尔硫卓;血栓素受体拮抗剂,如伊非曲班、前列环素模拟物或磷酸二酯酶抑制剂。这种组合产品如果配制成固定剂量,则在上述剂量范围内使用本发明的化合物,而其它药物活性剂在其批准的剂量范围内使用。
其它的示例性心血管药剂包括,例如:血管扩张剂,例如,苄环烷、桂利嗪、胞磷胆碱、环扁桃酯、cyclonicate、ebumamonine、phenoxezyl、氟桂利嗪、异丁地特、艾芬地尔、洛美利嗪、naphlole、nikamate、nosergoline、尼莫地平、罂粟碱、己可可碱、nofedoline、长春胺、长春西汀、vichizyl、己酮可可碱、前列腺环素衍生物(如前列腺素E1和前列腺素I2)、内皮素受体阻滞药物(如波生坦)、地尔硫卓、尼可地尔和硝化甘油。脑保护药物的实例包括自由基清除剂(如依达拉奉、维生素E和维生素C)、谷氨酸拮抗剂、AMPA拮抗剂、红藻氨酸盐拮抗剂、NMDA拮抗剂、GABA激动剂、生长因子、阿片类拮抗剂、磷脂酰胆碱前体、血清素激动剂、Na+/Ca2+通道抑制药物和K+通道开放药物。脑代谢兴奋剂的实例包括金刚烷胺、泰必利和γ-氨基丁酸。抗凝剂的实例包括肝素(如肝素钠、肝素钾、达肝素钠、达肝素钙、肝素钙、帕肝素钠、瑞维肝素钠和达那肝素钠)、华法林、依诺肝素、阿加曲班、巴曲酶和柠檬酸钠。抗血小板药物的实例包括盐酸噻氯匹定、双嘧达莫、西洛他唑、廿六烷五烯酸乙酯、盐酸沙格雷酯、盐酸地拉卓、曲匹地尔、非甾类抗炎剂(如阿司匹林)、贝前列素钠、伊洛前列素和吲哚布芬。溶栓药的实例包括尿激酶、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(如阿替普酶、替来激酶、那替普酶、帕米普酶、孟替普酶和rateplase)和那沙普酶。抗高血压药的实例包括血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(如卡托普利、阿拉普利、赖诺普利、咪达普利、喹那普利、替莫普利、地拉普利、贝那普利、西拉普利、群多普利、恩纳普利、西洛普利、福辛普利、imadapril、mobertpril、培哚普利、雷米普利、螺普利和randolapril)、血管紧张素II拮抗剂(如氯沙坦、坎地沙坦、缬沙坦、依普沙坦和依贝沙坦)、钙通道阻滞药物(如阿雷地平、依福地平、尼卡地平、巴尼地平、贝尼地平、马尼地平、西尼地平、尼索地平、尼群地平、硝苯地平、尼伐地平、非洛地平、氨氯地平、地尔硫卓、苄普地尔、克仑硫卓、phendilin、galopamil、米贝地尔、普尼拉明、司莫地尔、特罗地林、维拉帕米、西尼地平、依高地平、伊拉地平、拉西地平、乐卡地平、尼莫地平、桂利嗪、氟桂利嗪、利多氟嗪、洛美利嗪、苄环庚烷、依他苯酮和哌克昔林)、β-肾上腺素受体阻断药(普萘洛尔、吲哚洛尔、茚诺洛尔、卡替洛尔、布尼洛尔、阿替洛尔、醋丁洛尔、美托洛尔、噻吗洛尔、尼普地洛、喷布特罗、纳多洛尔、替利洛尔、卡维地洛、比索洛尔、倍他洛尔、塞利洛尔、布新洛尔、贝凡洛尔、拉贝洛尔、烯丙洛尔、氨磺洛尔、阿罗洛尔、苯呋洛尔、布库洛尔、布非洛尔、布非洛尔、布拉洛尔、butylidine、丁非洛尔、卡拉洛尔、塞他洛尔、氯拉洛尔、地来洛尔、依泮洛尔、左布诺洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美替洛尔、莫普洛尔、萘肟洛尔、奈比洛尔、氧烯洛尔、普拉洛尔、丙萘洛尔、索他洛尔、sufinalol、他林洛尔、特他洛尔、托利洛尔、xybenolol和艾司洛尔)、α-受体阻断药(如氨磺洛尔、哌唑嗪、特拉唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、布那唑嗪、乌拉地尔、酚妥拉明、阿罗洛尔、达哌唑、芬司匹利、吲哚拉明、拉贝洛尔、萘哌地尔、尼麦角林、坦索罗辛、妥拉苏林、曲马唑嗪和育亨宾)、交感神经抑制剂(如可乐定、胍法辛、胍那苄、甲基多巴和利血平)、肼屈嗪、托屈嗪、布屈嗪和卡屈嗪。抗心绞痛药的实例包括硝酸类药物(如亚硝戊酯、硝化甘油和异山梨醇)、β-肾上腺素受体阻断药(如普萘洛尔、吲哚洛尔、茚诺洛尔、卡替洛尔、布尼洛尔、阿替洛尔、醋丁洛尔、美托洛尔、噻吗洛尔、尼普地洛、喷布特罗、纳多洛尔、替利洛尔、卡维地洛、比索洛尔、倍他洛尔、塞利路尔、波吲洛尔、贝凡洛尔、拉贝洛尔、烯丙洛尔、氨磺洛尔、阿罗洛尔、苯呋洛尔、布库洛尔、布非洛尔、布非洛尔、布拉洛尔、butylidine、丁非洛尔、卡拉洛尔、塞他洛尔、氯拉洛尔、地来洛尔、依泮洛尔、左布诺洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美替洛尔、莫普洛尔、萘肟洛尔、奈比洛尔、氧烯洛尔、普拉洛尔、丙萘洛尔、索他洛尔、sufinalol、他林洛尔、特他洛尔、托利洛尔和xybenolol)、钙通道阻断药(如阿雷地平、依福地平、尼卡地平、巴尼地平、贝尼地平、马尼地平、西尼地平、尼索地平、尼群地平、硝苯地平、尼伐地平、非洛地平、氨氯地平、地尔硫卓、苄普地尔、克仑硫卓、phendiline、galopamil、米贝地尔、普尼拉明、司莫地尔、特罗地林、维拉帕米、西尼地平、依高地平、伊拉地平、拉西地平、乐卡地平、尼莫地平、桂利嗪、氟桂利嗪、利多氟嗪、洛美利嗪、苄环庚烷、依他苯酮和哌克昔林)、三甲氧苄嗪、双嘧达莫、依他苯酮、地拉卓、曲匹地尔、尼可地尔、依诺肝素和阿司匹林。利尿剂的实例包括噻嗪类利尿剂(如氢氯噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、苄氢氯噻嗪和戊氟噻嗪)、髓袢利尿剂(如呋塞米、依他尼酸、布美他尼、吡咯他尼、阿佐塞米和托拉塞米)、保K+利尿剂(螺内酯、氨苯蝶啶和坎利酸钾)、渗透压性利尿剂(如异山梨醇、D-甘露醇和甘油)、非噻嗪类利尿剂(如美替克仑、曲帕胺、氯噻酮和美夫西特)和乙酰唑胺。强心药的实例包括洋地黄制剂(如洋地黄毒苷、地高辛、甲基地高辛、西地兰、维司力农、毛花苷C和海葱次苷)、黄嘌呤制剂(如氨茶碱、胆茶碱、二羟丙茶碱和丙羟茶碱)、儿茶酚胺制剂(如多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺和多卡巴胺)、PDE III抑制剂(如氨力农、奥普力农和米力农)、地诺帕明、癸烯醌、匹莫苯丹、左西孟旦、氨基乙磺酸、维司力农、卡培立肽和达普酸考福辛。抗心律失常药物的实例包括阿马林、吡美诺、普鲁卡因胺、西苯唑啉、丙吡胺、奎尼丁、安搏律定、美西律、利多卡因、苯妥英、吡西卡尼、普罗帕酮、氟卡尼、阿替洛尔、醋丁洛尔、索他洛尔、普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、吲哚洛尔、胺碘酮、尼非卡兰、地尔硫卓、苄普地尔和维拉帕米。抗高血脂药的实例包括阿伐他汀、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀钠、氟伐他汀钠、克利贝特、氯贝特、双贝特、非诺贝特、苯扎贝特、colestimide和考来烯胺。免疫抑制剂的实例包括硫唑嘌呤、咪唑立宾、环胞霉素、他克莫司、胍立莫司和甲氨喋呤。
细胞死亡/癌症
可以将增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物给药至最近接受过或有可能接受一定剂量的辐射或毒素的受试者。在一个实施方案中,辐射或毒素的剂量作为工作相关或医疗程序的一部分被接收,例如,在核电厂中工作、飞机飞行、X射线、CAT扫描或管理用于医学成像的放射性染料;在这样的实施方案中,将所述化合物作为预防措施给予。在另一个实施方案中,例如由于工业事故、在自然辐射地点的居住、恐怖主义行为或涉及放射性或有毒物质的战争行为,无意中接收到了辐射或毒素暴露。在这种情况下,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物优选在暴露后尽快给予以抑制凋亡和随后的急性放射综合征的发展。
本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物也可用于治疗和/或预防癌症。在一些实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗和/或预防癌症。已将热量限制与年龄相关的病症的发病率的减少联系了起来,所述病症包括癌症(参见例如,Bordone和Guarente,Nat.Rev.Mol.CellBiol.(2005epub);Guarente和Picard,Cell 120:473-82(2005);Berrigan等人,Carcinogenesis 23:817-822(2002);以及Heilbronn和Ravussin,Am.J.Clin.Nutr.78:361-369(2003))。此外,来自酵母的Sir2蛋白已经显示为通过葡萄糖限制来延长寿命所需的物质(一种用于热量限制的酵母模型)(参见例如,Lin等人,Science 289:2126-2128(2000);Anderson等人,Nature 423:181-185(2003))。因此,NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的增加可用于治疗和/或预防年龄相关病症的发病,例如,癌症。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可以与降低沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性的沉默调节蛋白-调节性化合物一起用于治疗或预防癌症。例如,抑制性化合物可以用于刺激底物如p53的乙酰化,从而增加细胞凋亡,以及减少细胞和生物体的寿命,使它们对应激更敏感,和/或提高细胞或生物体的放射敏感性和/或化学敏感性。因此,可以使用抑制性化合物,例如,用于治疗癌症。可以使用沉默调节蛋白-调节性化合物治疗的示例性癌症是脑和肾的癌症;激素依赖性癌症,包括乳腺癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌和卵巢癌;淋巴瘤和白血病。在与实体瘤相关的癌症中,调节性化合物可以直接给药至肿瘤。可以通过将调节性化合物给药到血流或骨髓中来治疗血细胞的癌症,例如白血病。也可以治疗良性细胞生长,例如疣。可以治疗的其它疾病包括自身免疫性疾病,例如,系统性红斑狼疮,硬皮病和关节炎,其中应当除去自身免疫细胞。病毒感染如疱疹、HIV、腺病毒和HTLV-1相关的恶性和良性疾病也可以通过给予沉默调节蛋白-调节性化合物来治疗。或者,可以从受试者获得细胞,将其进行离体处理以除去一些不期望的细胞,例如,癌细胞,并将其给予回相同或不同的受试者。
此外,化疗剂可以与烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物共同给药。本文描述的具有抗癌症活性的化疗剂(例如,诱导凋亡的化合物、降低寿命的化合物或使细胞对应激敏感的化合物)包括:氨鲁米特、安吖啶、阿那曲唑、天冬酰胺酶、bcg、比卡鲁胺、博莱霉素、布舍瑞林、白消安、喜树碱、卡培他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、克拉屈滨、氯膦酸盐、秋水仙碱、环磷酰胺、环丙孕酮、阿糖胞苷、达卡巴嗪、放线菌素、柔红霉素、双烯雌酚、己烯雌酚、紫杉萜、多柔比星、表柔比星、雌二醇、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷、依西美坦、非格司亭、氟达拉滨、氟氢可的松、氟尿嘧啶、氟甲睾酮、氟他胺、吉西他滨、染料木素、戈舍瑞林、羟基脲、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、伊马替尼、干扰素、依立替康、ironotecan、来曲唑、亚叶酸钙、亮丙瑞林、左旋咪唑、洛莫司汀、氮芥、甲羟孕酮、甲地孕酮、美法仑、巯嘌呤、美司钠、甲氨喋呤、丝裂霉素、米托坦、米托蒽醌、尼鲁米特、诺考达唑、奥曲肽、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、氨羟二磷酸、喷司他丁、光辉霉素、卟菲尔钠、丙卡巴嗪、雷替曲塞、利妥昔单抗、链脲霉素、苏拉明、他莫昔芬、替莫唑胺、替尼泊苷、睾酮、硫鸟嘌呤、噻替派、二氯二茂钛、托泊替康、曲妥单抗、维甲酸、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛和长春瑞滨。
这些化疗剂可根据其作用机制被分为例如以下几组:抗代谢物/抗癌剂、如嘧啶类似物(5-氟尿嘧啶、氟脲脱氧核苷、卡培他滨、吉西他滨和阿糖胞苷)和嘌呤类似物、叶酸盐拮抗剂和相关抑制剂(巯嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、喷司他丁和2-氯脱氧腺苷(克拉屈滨));抗增殖剂/抗有丝分裂剂,包括天然产物如长春花生物碱类(长春碱、长春新碱和长春瑞滨)、微管破坏剂如紫杉烷(紫杉醇、紫杉萜)、新长春碱、长春碱、诺考达唑、埃博霉素和诺维本、表鬼臼毒素类(替尼泊苷)、DNA损伤剂(放射菌素、安吖啶、蒽环类抗生素、博莱霉素、白消安、喜树碱、卡铂、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、环磷酰胺(cytoxan)、放线菌素、柔红霉素、紫杉萜、多柔比星、表柔比星、六甲三聚氰胺奥沙利铂、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、merchlorethamine、丝裂霉素、米托蒽醌、亚硝基脲、紫杉醇、光辉霉素、丙卡巴嗪、替尼泊苷、三亚乙基硫化磷酰胺和依托泊苷(VP16));抗生素如放线菌素(放射菌素D)、柔红霉素、多柔比星(亚德里亚霉素)、伊达比星、蒽环类抗生素、米托蒽醌、博莱霉素、光辉霉素(光神霉素)和丝裂霉素;酶(L-天冬酰胺酶,其全身代谢L-天冬酰胺并除去不具有合成其自身天冬酰胺的能力的细胞);抗血小板剂;抗增殖/抗有丝分裂的烷化剂,如氮芥类(氮芥、环磷酰胺及类似物、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥)、乙烯亚胺类和甲基三聚氰胺类(六甲三聚氰胺和噻替派)、烷基磺酸酯-白消安、亚硝基脲类(卡莫司汀(BCNU)及类似物、链脲霉素)、莠去津类-达卡巴嗪(DTIC);抗增殖/抗有丝分裂的抗代谢物如叶酸类似物(甲氨喋呤);铂配位络合物(顺铂、卡铂)、丙卡巴嗪、羟基脲、米托坦、氨鲁米特;激素类、激素类似物(雌激素、他莫昔芬、戈舍瑞林、比卡鲁胺、尼鲁米特)和芳香酶抑制剂(来曲唑、阿那曲唑);抗凝剂(肝素、合成肝素盐和凝血酶的其它抑制剂);纤维蛋白溶解剂(如组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂、链激酶和尿激酶)、阿司匹林、COX-2抑制剂、双嘧达莫、噻氯匹啶、氯吡格雷、阿昔单抗;抗转移剂;抑制分泌试剂(breveldin);免疫抑制剂(环胞霉素、他克莫司(FK-506)、西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)、硫唑嘌呤、麦考酚酸吗乙酯);抗血管生成化合物(TNP-470、染料木素)和生长因子抑制剂(血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)抑制剂、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)抑制剂、表皮生长因子(EGF)抑制剂);血管紧缩素受体阻滞剂;一氧化氮供体;反义寡核苷酸;抗体(曲妥单抗);细胞周期抑制剂和分化诱导剂(维甲酸);mTOR抑制剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂(多柔比星(亚德里亚霉素)、安吖啶、喜树碱、柔红霉素、放线菌素、eniposide、表柔比星、依托泊苷、伊达比星、依立替康(CPT-11)和米托蒽醌、托泊替康、依立替康)、皮质类固醇(可的松、地塞米松、氢化可的松、甲基泼尼松龙、泼尼松和泼尼松龙);生长因子信号转导激酶抑制剂;线粒体功能障碍诱导剂和半胱天冬酶活化剂;染色质干扰物。
这些化疗剂可以单独使用或与本文所述的烟酰胺核苷制剂一起使用,以用于诱导细胞死亡或减少寿命或增加对应激的敏感性和/或与其它化疗剂组合。已经开发了许多组合疗法,包括但不限于表1中所列的那些。
表1:用于治疗癌症的示例性组合疗法。
除了常规化疗剂之外,本文描述的能够诱导细胞死亡或减少寿命的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物也可与反义RNA、RNAi或其它多核苷酸一起使用以抑制细胞组分的表达,所述细胞组分的表达助长了不期望的细胞增殖(其为常规化疗的靶标)。这样的靶标为(仅仅为了说明)生长因子、生长因子受体、细胞周期调节蛋白、转录因子或信号转导激酶。
包含本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物以及常规化疗剂的组合疗法可优于本领域已知的组合疗法,因为所述组合允许常规化疗剂在较低剂量下发挥更大的作用。在优选的实施方案中,当与烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂组合使用时,化疗剂或常规化疗剂的组合的有效剂量(ED 50)比单独使用所述化疗剂时的ED 50低至少2倍,甚至更优选低5倍、低10倍或甚至低25倍。相反,当与本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物组合使用时,这种化疗剂或这种化疗剂的组合的治疗指数(TI)可以比单独使用常规化疗剂方案的TI高至少2倍,甚至更优选高5倍、高10倍或甚至高25倍。
神经疾病/障碍
在一些方面,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可用于治疗患有神经退行性疾病以及中枢神经系统(CNS)或周围神经系统(PNS)的创伤性或机械性损伤的患者。神经退行性疾病通常涉及人脑的质量和体积的减少,这可能是由于脑细胞的萎缩和/或死亡,其比健康人中由于衰老导致的萎缩和/或死亡更加严重。在长时间的正常脑功能之后,由于特定脑区域的进行性退化(例如,神经细胞功能障碍和死亡),神经退行性疾病逐渐发展。脑退化的实际发作可以发生在有临床表现之前多年。神经退行性疾病的实例包括但不限于阿尔茨海默病(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、亨廷顿病(HD)、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS;Lou Gehrig氏病)、弥漫性路易体病、舞蹈样棘红细胞增多症、原发性侧索硬化、眼部疾病(眼神经炎)、化疗导致的神经病(例如,由长春新碱、紫杉醇、硼替佐米导致)、糖尿病诱导的神经病和弗里德赖氏共济失调。增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗这些病症和其他下述疾病。
AD是慢性的、不可治愈且不可遏制的CNS疾病,其逐渐发生,导致记忆丧失、异常行为、人格改变和思维能力的下降。这些损失与特定类型的脑细胞的死亡以及它们之间的连接的破坏有关。AD已被描述为童年倒回。在大多数AD患者中,症状出现在60岁以后。最早的症状包括近期记忆丧失、错误判断和人格变化。在疾病晚期,那些患有AD的患者会忘记如何做简单的任务,如洗手。最终,AD患者失去所有推理能力,并依赖于其他人的日常护理。最后,疾病使人变得虚弱,以至于患者卧床不起,并且通常发展出共存疾病。
PD是慢性,不可治愈和不可阻挡的CNS疾病,其逐渐发生并导致不受控制的身体运动、僵直、震颤和步态困难。这些运动系统问题与大脑中产生多巴胺(一种有助于控制肌肉活动的化学物质)区域的脑细胞死亡有关。在大多数PD患者中,症状出现在50岁以后。PD的最初症状是影响四肢的明显震颤,特别是在手或嘴唇处。PD的后续特征症状是运动的僵直或缓慢、曳行行走、弯腰姿势和平衡受损。存在广泛的继发性症状,如记忆丧失、痴呆、抑郁、情绪变化、吞咽困难、异常言语、性功能障碍和膀胱和肠道问题。这些症状将开始干扰日常活动,如拿叉子或读报纸。最后,PD患者变得残疾,以至于他们需要卧床不起。
ALS(运动神经元疾病)是一种慢性、不可治愈且不可遏制的CNS疾病,其攻击运动神经元,即将脑与骨骼肌连接的CNS组分。在ALS中,运动神经元恶化并最终死亡,并且尽管人的大脑仍然保持正常的完整功能和警觉,但是移动的命令从不到达肌肉。大多数患有ALS的人在40至70岁之间。被减弱的第一运动神经元是通向手臂或腿的运动神经元。那些有ALS的人会产生行走障碍,他们会掉东西、跌倒,他们的言语模糊、并且无法控制地大笑或哭泣。最终,肢体中的肌肉由于不使用而开始萎缩。这种肌肉无力会使人虚弱,患者将需要轮椅或变得无法起床。
这些神经疾病的原因仍然很大程度上未知。它们通常被定义为不同的疾病,但是在基本过程中清楚地显示出非凡的相似性,并且通常表现出远超过仅由于偶然所预期的重叠症状。目前的疾病定义不能适当地处理重叠的问题,并且已经呼吁对神经退行性疾病进行新的分类。
HD是由大脑一些区域中的神经元的遗传性程序性退化引起的另一种神经退行性疾病。这种退化导致不受控制的运动、智力能力的丧失和情感障碍。HD是一种家族性疾病,通过野生型基因中的显性突变从亲本传递到子代。HD的一些早期症状是情绪波动、抑郁、易怒或无法驾驶、学习新事物、记事或做出决定。随着疾病的进展,将注意力集中于智力任务变得越来越困难,并且患者可能难以自己进食且难以吞咽。
Tay-Sachs病和Sandhoff病是由缺乏溶酶体β-己糖胺酶引起的糖脂贮积病(Gravel等人,The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease,eds.Scriver等人,McGraw-Hill,New York,2839-2879,1995)。在这两种疾病中,GM2神经节苷脂和用于β-己糖苷酶的相关糖脂底物在神经系统中积累并引发急性神经退化。在最严重的形式中,症状的发作开始于婴儿早期。然后发生陡然的神经退化过程,受影响的婴儿表现出运动功能障碍、癫痫、视觉丧失和耳聋。死亡通常发生在2-5岁之间。已经证明了由于凋亡机制造成的神经元损失(Huang等人,Hum.Mol.Genet.6:1879-1885,1997)。
众所周知,凋亡在免疫系统中的AIDS发病机理中起作用。然而,HIV-1也诱导神经疾病。Shi等人,(J.Clin.Invest.98:1979-1990,1996)在体外模型和艾滋病患者的脑组织中检测到了由CNS的HIV-1感染诱导的凋亡,发现原代脑培养物的HIV-1感染在体外诱导神经元和星形胶质细胞的凋亡。在11个艾滋病患者的10个中的脑组织中也检测到神经元和星形胶质细胞的凋亡,包括5/5个HIV-1痴呆的患者和4/5个非痴呆的患者。
神经元损失也是朊病毒疾病的突出特征,例如人的克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病、牛的BSE(疯牛病)、绵羊和山羊的羊瘙痒病和猫的猫海绵状脑病(FSE)。提高沉默调节蛋白的水平和/或活性的沉默调节蛋白-调节性化合物可用于治疗或预防由这些现有疾病引起的神经元损失。
在另一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可用于治疗或预防任何涉及轴突病的疾病或病症。远端轴突病是由周围神经系统(PNS)神经元的一些代谢或毒性紊乱引起的一种周围神经病。它是神经对代谢或毒性紊乱最常见的反应,因此可由代谢性疾病如糖尿病、肾衰竭、缺乏综合征如营养不良和酒精中毒或毒素或药物的影响而引起。远端轴突病的最常见原因是糖尿病,最常见的远端轴突病是糖尿病性神经病。轴突的最远端部分通常最先退化,并且轴突萎缩向神经的细胞体缓慢前进。如果除去有害刺激,则可以进行再生,尽管预后根据刺激的持续时间和严重性而降低。那些具有远端轴突病变的患者通常存在对称的袜子-手套型感觉-运动障碍。深部肌腱反射和自主神经系统(ANS)功能也在受影响区域中丧失或减弱。
糖尿病性神经病是与糖尿病相关的神经性病症。这些病症通常由涉及供应神经的小血管(神经滋养血管)的糖尿病性微血管损伤引起。与糖尿病性神经病变相关的相对常见的病症包括:第三神经麻痹;单神经病;多发性单神经病;糖尿病性肌肉萎缩;疼痛性多发性神经病;自主神经病;和胸腹神经病。糖尿病性神经病的临床表现包括例如:感觉运动性多发性神经病如麻木、感觉丧失、感觉迟钝和夜间疼痛;自主神经病如延迟胃排空或胃轻瘫;以及颅神经病如眼球运动(第三)神经病变或胸或腰的脊髓神经的单神经病。
周围神经病变是周围神经系统的神经损伤的医学术语,其由神经疾病或由全身性疾病的副作用引起。周围神经病在其表现和起源方面不同,并且可影响神经或神经肌肉接头。周围神经病变的主要原因包括癫痫、营养缺乏和HIV,但糖尿病是最可能的原因。由于停留在一个位置过长而造成的机械压力、肿瘤、神经内出血,身体暴露于极端条件(如辐射、寒冷的温度或有毒物质)也可导致周围神经病变。
在示例性的实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可用于治疗或预防多发性硬化(MS),包括复发性MS和单症状MS,以及其它脱髓鞘病症,例如,慢性炎性脱髓鞘多发性神经病(CIDP)或与其相关的症状。
MS是中枢神经系统的一种慢性、通常是致残性的疾病。各种证据以及证据汇聚线表明该疾病是由免疫功能紊乱引起的,但该紊乱的原因尚未确定。这种紊乱使免疫系统细胞“攻击”髓磷脂,即包含围绕位于中枢神经系统(“CNS”)中神经轴突的含脂肪的绝缘鞘。当髓磷脂损伤时,电脉冲不能快速或正常沿着脑和脊髓中的神经纤维通路行进。这导致轴突内的正常电导率紊乱、疲劳和视力、体力、协调、平衡、感觉和膀胱和肠功能的紊乱。
因此,MS现在是常见且众所周知的神经病症,其特征在于炎症和脱髓鞘的偶发性斑块,其可在CNS中的任何地方发生。然而,几乎总是没有与其相关的外周神经的任何参与。脱髓鞘产生与由围绕电线的绝缘体中的裂缝或撕裂产生的情况类似的情况。也就是说,当绝缘鞘被破坏时,电路被“短路”,并且与其相关联的电设备将间歇地起作用或根本不起作用。围绕神经纤维的髓磷脂的这种损失导致穿过脑和脊髓的神经中的短路,从而导致MS的症状。进一步发现,这种脱髓鞘发生在斑块中,而不是沿整个CNS。此外,这种脱髓鞘可以是间歇性的。因此,这种事件在时间和空间上都是分散的。
据认为,发病机理涉及血脑屏障的局部破坏,其引起局部免疫和炎症反应,随后对髓磷脂以及因此对神经元造成损伤。
临床上,MS存在于两种性别中,并且可以发生在任何年龄。然而,其最常见的表现是在相对年轻的成年人中,通常具有单个局灶性病变,例如视神经的损伤、存在麻醉区域(感觉丧失)或感觉异常(局部丧失感觉)或肌肉虚弱。此外,在脖子屈曲时可发生眩晕、重影、局部疼痛、失禁以及手臂和腿部的疼痛,以及各种不太常见的症状。
MS的初始发作通常是短暂的,并且几周、几个月或几年后才发生下一次发作。一些人可在多年间享有稳定的,相对无事件的状况,而其他不那么幸运的人可经历连续的恶化过程直至完全麻痹。最常见的是一系列缓解和复发,其中每次复发使患者比以前更差一些。复发可由应激事件、病毒感染或毒素引发。其中,升高的体温,即发烧,将使病症更糟,或者温度降低(例如冷浴),可以使病症变好。
在另一个实施方案中增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可用于治疗神经的创伤,包括由于疾病的创伤、损伤(包括外科手术介入)或环境创伤(例如,神经毒素,酒精中毒等)引起的创伤。
增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物也可用于预防,治疗和缓解如下所述的各种PNS病症的症状。PNS由指向CNS或由CNS分支出来的神经组成。外周神经处理身体中的各种功能,包括感觉、运动和自主功能。当个体患有周围神经病时,PNS的神经受损。神经损伤可由许多原因引起,如疾病、物理伤害、中毒或营养不良。这些药剂可影响传入神经或传出神经。根据损伤的原因,神经细胞轴突、其保护性髓鞘或两者可被损伤或破坏。
术语“周围神经病”包括大范围的病症,其中脑和脊髓之外的神经(外周神经)已被损伤。外周神经病也可以称为外周神经炎,或者如果涉及许多神经,则可以使用术语多发性神经病或多发性神经炎。
外周神经病是一种广泛的疾病,并且有许多潜在原因。这些原因中的一些是常见的,如糖尿病,而其他是非常罕见的,如丙烯酰胺中毒和一些遗传性疾病。外周神经病最常见的全球性原因是麻风病。麻风病是由麻风分枝杆菌引起的,其攻击受影响人的外周神经。
麻风在美国极为罕见,其中糖尿病是周围神经病最常见的原因。据估计,在美国和欧洲有超过1700万人患有糖尿病相关的多发性神经病。许多神经病是特发性的;还没有找到已知的原因。在美国最常见的遗传性外周神经病是Charcot-Marie-Tooth病,其影响约12.5万人。
另一种更为人所知的外周神经病是吉兰-巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barrésyndrome),其由与病毒性疾病(如巨细胞病毒,EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV))或细菌感染(包括空肠弯曲杆菌和莱姆病)相关的并发症引起。全世界的发病率是每年每100,000人约1.7例。周围神经病变的其他众所周知的原因包括慢性酒精中毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒的感染,肉毒杆菌中毒和脊髓灰质炎。外周神经病可以作为主要症状发展,或者可以是由于另一种疾病。例如,周围神经病只是疾病,如淀粉样神经病、一些癌症或遗传性神经病的一个症状。这些疾病可影响PNS和CNS以及其他身体组织。
可用提高沉默调节蛋白活性水平的化合物治疗的其它PNS疾病包括:臂丛神经病变(颈部和第一胸神经根、神经干、脊髓和臂丛-神经的周围神经组分的疾病。临床表现包括局部疼痛、感觉异常;肌肉无力和上肢感觉减少。这些疾病可与创伤有关,包括出生损伤;胸廓出口综合征;赘生物、神经炎、放射治疗;和其他病症,参见Adams等人,Principles ofNeurology,第6版,pp1351-2);糖尿病性神经病(与糖尿病相关的外周、自主神经和颅神经病症)。这些病症通常由涉及供应神经的小血管(神经滋养血管)的糖尿病性微血管损伤引起。可与糖尿病性神经病变相关的相对常见的病症包括:第三神经麻痹;单神经病;多发性单神经病;糖尿病性肌萎缩;疼痛性多发性神经病;自主神经病;和胸腹神经病(参见Adams等人,Principles of Neurology,第6版,p1325);单神经病(孤立地涉及单个外周神经的疾病或创伤,或不符合弥漫性周围神经功能障碍的证据的疾病或创伤)。多发性单神经病是指以多个独立神经损伤为特征的病症。单神经病可以由各种原因引起,包括局部缺血;外伤性损伤;压迫;结缔组织疾病;累积性创伤性疾病;和其他病症;神经痛(沿着外周神经或颅神经的方向或分布的剧烈疼痛或疼痛);外周神经系统肿瘤(由周围神经组织产生的肿瘤)。这包括神经纤维瘤;徐旺氏细胞瘤(Schwannomas);粒细胞肿瘤;和恶性外周神经鞘瘤。参见DeVita Jr等,Cancer:Principles and Practice of Oncology,第5版,pp1750-1);和神经压迫综合征(来自内部或外部原因的神经或神经根的机械压迫)。这些可导致对神经冲动的传导阻滞,例如由于髓鞘功能障碍或轴突损失。神经和神经鞘的损伤可由局部缺血;炎症;或直接机械效应;神经炎(指示外周或颅神经的炎症的一般术语)引起。临床表现可包括疼痛;感觉异常;轻瘫;或知觉异常;多发性神经病变(多发性外周神经的疾病)。根据受影响的神经的类型(例如,感觉、运动或自主)、通过神经损伤的分布(例如,远端vs.近端)、通过主要被影响的神经组分(例如,脱髓鞘vs.轴突)、通过病因或通过遗传模式分类出各种形式。
在一个实施方案中,组合药物方案可包括用于治疗或预防神经退行性疾病或与这些病症相关的继发性病症的药物或化合物。因此,组合药物方案可以包括本发明的一种或多种烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物(其增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性)以及一种或多种抗神经退行性病变剂。例如,本发明的一种或多种烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以与有效量的一种或多种以下物质组合:L-DOPA;多巴胺激动剂;腺苷A2A受体拮抗剂;COMT抑制剂;MAO抑制剂;NOS抑制剂;钠通道拮抗剂;选择性N-甲基D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂;AMPA/红藻氨酸受体拮抗剂;钙通道拮抗剂;GABA-A受体激动剂;乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂;基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂;p38MAP激酶或c-jun-N-末端激酶的抑制剂;TPA;NDA拮抗剂;β-干扰素;生长因子;谷氨酸盐抑制剂;和/或作为细胞治疗的一部分。
示例性的N-NOS抑制剂包括4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基苯酚6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2,3-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-吡咯烷基-乙氧基)-2,3-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(4-(n-甲基)哌啶氧基)-2,3-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-3-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-吡咯烷基-乙氧基)-3-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1h-异喹啉-2-基)-乙氧基]-3-甲氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{3-甲氧基-4-[2-(4-苯乙基-哌嗪-1-基)-乙氧基]-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{3-甲氧基-4-[2-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-乙氧基]-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(4-二甲基氨基-哌啶-1-基)-乙氧基]-3-甲氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-3-乙氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-吡咯烷基-乙氧基)-3-乙氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-异丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、4-(6-氨基-吡啶基)-3-环丙基-苯酚6-[2-环丙基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丙基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、3-[3-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-4-环丙基-苯氧基]-吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯6-[2-环丙基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-环丁基-苯酚6-[2-环丁基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丁基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丁基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-环戊基-苯酚6-[2-环戊基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环戊基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、3-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基]-吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯6-[4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、4-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基-]-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯6-[2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-哌啶-4-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(烯丙基氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-6-烯丙基-苯酚12和4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-2-烯丙基-苯酚134-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-6-丙基-苯酚6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-5-丙基-苯基]-吡啶基-胺、6-[2-异丙基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙基-4-(哌啶-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙基-4-(1-甲基-氮杂环丁烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙基-4-(1-甲基-哌啶-4-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺6-[2-异丙基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙基-4-(2-甲基-2-氮杂-二环[2.2.1]庚-5-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(苄基-甲基-氨基)-乙氧基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、2-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-5-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-苯酚2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基]-乙酰胺6-[4-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(3,4-二氢-1h-异喹啉-2-基)-乙氧基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基]-乙醇6-{2-甲氧基-4-[2-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基)-乙氧基]-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(2,5-二甲基-吡咯烷-1-基)-乙氧基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(2,5-二甲基-吡咯烷-1-基)-乙氧基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基]-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基)-乙酮6-[2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-2-基-甲氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-丙氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(苄基-甲基-氨基)-乙氧基]-2-丙氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺6-[4-(2-乙氧基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-异丙氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-乙氧基-乙氧基)-2-异丙氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(3-甲基-丁氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-乙氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(苄基-甲基-氨基)-乙氧基]-2-乙氧基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-乙氧基-4-(3-甲基-丁氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、1-(6-氨基-3-氮杂-二环[3.1.0]己-3-基)-2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-乙氧基-苯氧基]-乙酮6-[2-乙氧基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、3-{2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-乙氧基-苯氧基]-乙基}-3-氮杂-二环[3.1.0]己-6-基-胺、1-(6-氨基-3-氮杂-二环[3.1.0]己-3-基)-2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基]-乙酮3-{2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基]-乙基}-3-氮杂-二环[3.-1.0]己-6-基-胺、6-[2-异丙氧基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(苄基-甲基-氨基)-乙氧基]-2-异丙氧基-苯基-}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-5-丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[5-烯丙基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[5-烯丙基-2-甲氧基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[3-烯丙基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-乙氧基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙氧基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(哌啶-4-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙氧基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、3-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-甲氧基-苯氧基]-氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯6-[4-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基-氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-氮杂环丁烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙氧基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙氧基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(2-甲基-2-氮杂-二环[2.2.1]庚-5-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-哌啶-4-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(1-乙基-哌啶-4-基-氧基)-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[5-烯丙基-2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2,6-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2,6-二甲基-4-(3-哌啶-1-基-丙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2,6-二甲基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{2,6-二甲基-4-[3-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙氧基]-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2,6-二甲基-4-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-{4-[2-(苄基-甲基-氨基)-乙氧基]-2,6-二甲基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、2-[4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3,5-二甲基-苯氧基]-乙酰胺6-[4-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-2,6-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-异丙基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、2-(2,5-二甲基-吡咯烷-1-基)-6-[2-异丙基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶6-{4-[2-(3,5-二甲基-哌啶-1-基)-乙氧基]-2-异丙基-苯基}-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2-异丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-叔丁基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-叔丁基-4-(2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯基-]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-吡咯烷基-乙氧基)-2,5-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-2,5-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-(4-苯乙基哌嗪-1-基)-乙氧基)-2,5-二甲基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丙基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[环丁基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(烯丙基氧基)-2-环丁基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基胺、2-烯丙基-4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-环丁基-苯酚和2-烯丙基-4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-5-环丁基-苯酚4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-5-环丁基-2-丙基-苯酚4-(6-氨基-吡啶-2-基)-3-环丁基-2-丙基-苯酚6-[2-环丁基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-1-甲基-乙氧基)-5-丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丁基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-1-甲基-乙氧基)-3-丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丁基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-5-丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丁基-4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-3-丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2-环丁基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基氧基)-5-丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[环丁基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-3-丙基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、2-(4-苄氧基-5-羟基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-6-(2,5-二甲基-吡咯-1-基)-吡啶6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-5-乙氧基-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[5-乙基-2-甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-哌啶-4-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[5-乙基-2-甲氧基-4-(哌啶-4-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[2,5-二甲氧基-4-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基-氧基)-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺、6-[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-5-乙基-2-甲氧基-苯基]-吡啶-2-基-胺。
示例性的NMDA受体拮抗剂包括(+)-(1S,2S)-1-(4-羟基-苯基)-2-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶子基)-1-丙醇、(1S,2S)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶子基)-1-丙醇、(3R,4S)-3-(4-(4-氟苯基)-4-羟基哌啶-1-基-)-色满-4,7-二醇、(1R*、2R*)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-2-(4-(4-氟-苯基)-4-羟基哌啶-1-基)-丙-1-醇-甲磺酸酯或其药学可接受的酸加成盐。
示例性的多巴胺激动剂包括ropininole;L-多巴脱羧酶抑制剂如卡比多巴或苄丝肼、溴隐亭、二氢麦角隐亭、乙舒麦角、AF-14、alaptide、培高利特、吡贝地尔;多巴胺D1受体激动剂如A-68939、A-77636、dihydrexine和SKF-38393;多巴胺D2受体激动剂如卡麦角林、麦角乙脲、N-0434、那高利特、PD-118440、普拉克索、喹吡罗和罗平尼咯;多巴胺/β-肾上腺素能受体激动剂如DPDMS和多培沙明;多巴胺/5-HT摄取抑制剂/5-HT-1A激动剂如罗克吲哚;多巴胺/鸦片受体激动剂如NIH-10494;α2-肾上腺素拮抗剂/多巴胺激动剂如特麦角脲;α2-肾上腺素拮抗剂/多巴胺D2激动剂如麦角灵和他利克索;多巴胺摄取抑制剂如GBR-12909、GBR-13069、GYKI-52895和NS-2141;单胺氧化酶-B抑制剂如司来吉兰、N-(2-丁基)-N-甲基炔丙基胺、N-甲基-N-(2-戊基)炔丙基胺、AGN-1133、麦角衍生物、拉扎贝胺、LU-53439、MD-280040和莫非吉兰;和COMT抑制剂如CGP-28014。
示例性的乙酰基胆碱酯酶抑制剂包括多奈哌齐、1-(2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(2-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(1-乙基-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(2-甲基-6-苯并噻唑基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(2-甲基-6-苯并噻唑基)-3-[1-[(2-甲基-4-噻唑基)甲基]-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-甲基-苯并[b]噻吩基-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-甲基-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(3,5-二甲基-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(苯并呋喃-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(1-苯基磺酰基-6-甲基-吲哚-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-甲基-吲哚-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(1-苯基磺酰基-5-氨基-吲哚-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-氨基-吲哚-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;和1-(5-乙酰基氨基-吲哚-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-喹啉基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-吲哚基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-苯并噻吩基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-喹唑啉基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-苯并噁唑基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-苯并呋喃基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-甲基-苯并咪唑-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-甲基-苯并咪唑-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-氯-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-氮杂吲哚-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-氮杂苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(1H-2-氧代-吡咯并[2',3',5,6]苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-甲基-苯并噻唑-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-甲氧基-吲哚-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-甲氧基-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(6-乙酰基氨基-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;1-(5-乙酰基氨基-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基)-3-[1-(苯基甲基-)-4-哌啶基]-1-丙酮;6-羟基-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;5-甲基-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基-]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;6-甲氧基-3[2-[1(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;6-乙酰胺基-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]-乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;6-氨基-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;6-(4-吗啉基)-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;5,7-二氢-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-6H-吡咯并[4,5-f]-1,2-苯并异噁唑-6-酮;3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噻唑;3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙烯基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;6-苯基氨基-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2,-苯并异噁唑;6-(2-噻唑基)-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;6-(2-噁唑基)-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,2-苯并异噁唑;6-吡咯烷基-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-1,-2-苯并异噁唑;5,7-二氢-5,5-二甲基-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-6H-吡咯并[4,5-f]-1,2-苯并异噁唑-6-酮;6,8-二氢-3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-7H-吡咯并[5,4-g]-1,2-苯并异噁唑-7-酮;3-[2-[1-(苯基甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]-5,6,-8-三氢-7H-异噁唑[4,5-g]-喹啉-7-酮;1-苄基-4-((5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-((5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-亚基)甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-((5-甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-((5,6-二乙氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-((5,6-亚甲基二氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶、1-(间-硝基苄基)-4-((5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶、1-环己基甲基-4-((5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶、1-(间-氟苄基)-4-((5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-((5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)丙基哌啶和1-苄基-4-((5-异丙氧基-6-甲氧基-1-茚酮)-2-基)甲基哌啶。
示例性的钙通道拮抗剂包括地尔硫卓、ω-芋螺毒素GVIA、甲氧基维拉帕米、氨氯地平、非洛地平、拉西地平和米贝地尔。
示例性的GABA-A受体调节剂包括氯美噻唑;IDDB;加波沙朵(4,5,6,7-四氢异噁唑[5,4-c]吡啶-3-醇);加奈索酮(3-α-羟基-3-β-甲基-5-α-孕烷-20-酮);酚加宾(2-[(丁基亚氨基)-(2-氯苯基)甲基]-4-氯苯酚);2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2,5,6,7,8,9-六氢-吡唑并[4,3-c]噌啉-3-酮;7-环丁基-6-(2-甲基-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基甲氧基)-3-苯基-1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-b]哒嗪;(3-氟-4-甲基苯基)-N-({-1-[(2-甲基苯基)甲基]-苯并咪唑-2-基}甲基)-N-戊基甲酰胺;和3-(氨基甲基)-5-甲基己酸。
示例性的钾通道开放剂包括二氮嗪、氟普拉嗪、吡那地尔、左色满卡林、利马卡林、克洛卡林、PCO-400和SKP-450(2-[2"(1",3"-二氧杂环戊二烯酮)-2-甲基]-4-(2'-氧代-1'-吡咯烷基)-6-硝基-2H-1-苯并吡喃)。
示例性的AMPA/红藻氨酸受体拮抗剂包括6-氰基-7-硝基喹喔啉-2,3-二酮(CNQX);6-硝基-7-氨磺酰基苯并[f]喹喔啉-2,3-二酮(NBQX);6,7-二硝基喹喔啉-2,3-二酮(DNQX);1-(4-氨基苯基)-4-甲基-7,8-亚甲基二氧基-5H-2,3-苯二氮盐酸盐;和2,3-二羟基-6-硝基-7-氨磺酰基苯并[f]喹喔啉。
示例性的钠通道拮抗剂包括阿义马林、普鲁卡因胺、氟卡尼和利鲁唑。
示例性的基质-金属蛋白酶抑制剂包括4-[4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯磺酰基氨基]四氢吡喃-4-羧酸羟基酰胺;5-甲基-5-(4-(4'-氟苯氧基)-苯氧基)-嘧啶-2,4,6-三酮;5-正丁基-5-(4-(4'-氟苯氧基)-苯氧基)-嘧啶-2,4,6-三酮和prinomistat。
示例性的p38MAP激酶和c-jun-N-末端激酶抑制剂包括吡啶基咪唑,如PD 169316,同分异构的PD 169316,SB 203580,SB 202190,SB 220026和RWJ 67657。其它描述于美国专利6,288,089中,且将其合并于此以作为参考。
在示例性的实施方案中,用于治疗或预防MS的组合疗法包括治疗有效量的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物(其提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性)以及(干扰素β-1a)、(那他珠单抗)或(BG-12/口服富马酸盐)中的一种或多种。
在另一个实施方案中,用于治疗或预防糖尿病性神经病变或与其相关的病症的组合疗法包含治疗有效量的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物(其增加NAD的水平和/沉默调节蛋白的活性)和一种或多种三环抗抑郁药(TCA)(包括例如,丙咪嗪、阿米替林、地昔帕明和去甲替林),5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)(包括例如氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林和西酞普兰)和抗癫痫药(AED)(包括例如,加巴喷丁,卡马西平和topimirate)。
血液凝固病症
在其方面,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗或预防血液凝固病症(或止血障碍)。如本文可互换使用的,术语“止血”,“血液凝固”和“凝血”是指对出血的控制,包括血管收缩和凝血的生理特性。血液凝固有助于在损伤、炎症、疾病、先天性缺陷、功能障碍或其他破坏后维持哺乳动物循环的完整性。凝血开始后,通过将一些血浆原酶相继激活成它们的酶形式来进行血液凝固(参见例如,Coleman,R.W.等人(编辑),Hemostasis and Thrombosis,第二版,(1987))。这些血浆糖蛋白,包括因子XII、因子XI、因子IX、因子X、因子VII和凝血酶原是丝氨酸蛋白酶的酶原。这些凝血障碍酶中的大多数仅在与蛋白辅因子(如因子VIII和因子V)组合成膜表面上的复合物时在生理规模上有效。其它血液因子调节并定位凝块的形成,或溶解血块。活化蛋白C是使促凝血组分失活的特异性酶。钙离子参与许多组分反应。血液凝固遵循内在途径(其中所有蛋白质组分存在于血液中)或外在途径(其中细胞膜蛋白质组织因子起关键作用)。当纤维蛋白原被凝血酶切割形成纤维蛋白时,发生凝块形成。血块由活化的血小板和纤维蛋白组成。
此外,血凝块的形成不仅在损伤(止血)的情况下限制出血,还会通过闭塞重要的动脉或静脉在动脉粥样硬化疾病的情况下导致严重的器官损伤和死亡。因此,血栓形成是在错误的时间和地点形成血块。它涉及循环血液蛋白(凝血因子)、血细胞(特别是血小板)和损伤的血管壁的元件之间的复杂和受控的级联生化反应的后果。
因此,本发明提供了抗凝血和抗血栓形成的治疗,目的在于抑制血凝块的形成,以预防或治疗血液凝固病症,例如心肌梗塞、中风、由外周动脉疾病或肺栓塞导致的肢体损失。
如本文可互换使用的,“调节止血或止血的调节”和“控制止血或止血的控制”包括诱导止血(例如,刺激或增加止血),以及抑制止血(例如,减少或降低止血)。
在一个方面,本发明提供通过给予本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物而在受试者中减轻或抑制止血的方法,所述烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性。本文公开的组合物和方法可用于治疗或预防血栓性病症。如本文所用,术语“血栓性病症”包括以过度或不期望的凝固或止血活性或高凝状态为特征的任何病症或状况。血栓性疾病包括涉及血小板粘附和血栓形成的疾病或病症,并且可以表现为形成增加的形成血栓倾向,例如,血栓数量增加、早期血栓形成、家族性血栓形成倾向和在不常见部位的血栓形成。血栓性病症的实例包括但不限于血栓栓塞、深静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞、中风、心肌梗塞、流产、与抗凝血酶III缺乏相关的血栓形成倾向、蛋白C缺乏、蛋白S缺乏、对活化蛋白C的抗性、异常纤维蛋白原血症、纤维蛋白溶解性疾病、同型胱氨酸尿症、怀孕、炎性疾病、骨髓增生性疾病、动脉硬化、心绞痛(例如不稳定心绞痛)、弥漫性血管内凝血,血栓性血小板减少性紫癜、癌症转移、镰状细胞贫血病、肾小球肾炎和药物导致的血小板减少(包括例如,肝素诱导的血小板减少)。此外,可以给予增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物,以防止血栓形成事件或防止在治疗性凝块溶解期间或之后,或在如血管成形术或手术的程序期间或之后发生再闭塞。
在另一个实施方案中,组合药物方案可包括药物或化合物,其用于治疗或预防血液凝固病症或与这些病症相关的继发性病症。因此,组合药物方案可以包括本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物,以及一种或多种抗凝血剂或抗血栓形成剂。例如,一种或多种烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以与有效量的一种或多种下列物质组合:抑制VitK-依赖因子的阿司匹林、肝素和口服华法林;抑制因子X和II的低分子量肝素;凝血酶抑制剂;血小板GP IIbIIIa受体的抑制剂;组织因子(TF)的抑制剂;人von Willebrand因子的抑制剂;一种或多种参与止血(特别是凝血级联反应)的因子的抑制剂。此外,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以与血栓溶解剂如t-PA、链激酶、立止血(reptilase)、TNK-t-PA和葡萄球菌激酶。
体重控制
在另一方面,提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于在受试者中治疗或预防体重增加或肥胖。例如,可以使用增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物来治疗或预防遗传性肥胖、膳食脂肪、激素相关的肥胖、与给药有关的肥胖、减少受试者的体重、或减少或防止受试者体重增加。需要这种治疗的受试者可以是肥胖的、可能变得肥胖的、超重或可能变得超重的受试者。可以例如基于家族史、遗传学、饮食、活动水平、药物摄入或其各种组合来鉴定可能变为肥胖或超重的受试者。
在其他实施方案中,可以向患有多种其他疾病和病症的受试者给予增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物,所述其他疾病和病症可通过促进受试者体重减轻来治疗或预防。这些疾病包括例如:血压过高、高血压、高血胆固醇、血脂异常、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抗性、葡萄糖不耐受、高胰岛素血症、冠心病、心绞痛、充血性心力衰竭、中风、胆结石、胆囊炎和胆石病、痛风、骨关节炎、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和呼吸问题、一些类型的癌症(如子宫内膜癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌)、妊娠并发症、女性生殖健康不良(如月经不规则、不育、不规则排卵)、膀胱控制问题(如应激性尿失禁);尿酸性肾结石;心理障碍(如抑郁症、进食障碍、扭曲的身体意象和低自尊)。StunkardAJ,Wadden TA.(编辑)Adiposity:theory and therapy,第二版,New York:Raven Press,1993。最后,AIDS患者可以针对AIDS的组合疗法产生脂肪营养不良或胰岛素抗性。
在另一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于在体外或体内抑制脂肪形成或脂肪细胞分化。特别地,将阻止高循环水平的胰岛素和/或胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)1募集前脂肪细胞以分化成脂肪细胞。这样的方法可以用于治疗或预防肥胖。
在其它实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于减少食欲和/或增加饱足感,从而引起体重减轻或避免体重增加。需要这种治疗的受试者可以是超重的、肥胖的或可能变成超重或肥胖的受试者。该方法可以包括每日或每隔一天或每周一次向受试者给予一定剂量(例如,以丸剂形式)。剂量可以是“减少食欲的剂量”。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗患有恶病质或可发展恶病质的受试者。也可以给予药剂的组合。该方法可以进一步包括在受试者中监测例如脂肪组织中疾病的状态或NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活化。用于促进食欲和/或增加体重的方法可以包括,例如通过称量受试者、测定受试者的BMI、或评价受试者的脂肪含量或受试者的细胞中的沉默调节蛋白活性,来预先确定受试者是否需要减少脂肪或脂质代谢。该方法还可以包括例如,在给予本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物期间和/或之后监测受试者。给予可以包括一个或多个剂量,例如,以大丸剂(bolus)递送或连续递送。监测可以包括评估激素或代谢物。示例性的激素包括瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素和胰岛素。示例性的代谢物包括甘油三酯、胆固醇和脂肪酸。
调节体重的方法可以进一步包括监测受试者的体重和/或(例如,在脂肪组织中的)NAD水平(例如细胞内NAD水平、组织或血浆中NAD的水平和/或生物体中的总NAD水平)和/或调节沉默调节蛋白。
在示例性的实施方案中,可以将增加NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物作为治疗或预防体重增加或肥胖的组合疗法给予。例如,可以与一种或多种抗肥胖剂组合给予一种或多种本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物(其增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性)。示例性的抗肥胖剂包括例如,苯基丙醇胺、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、苯丁胺、胆囊收缩素-A激动剂、一元胺再摄取抑制剂(如西布曲明)、拟交感神经剂、5-羟色胺能剂(如右芬氟拉明或氟苯丙胺)、多巴胺激动剂(如溴隐亭)、促黑细胞激素受体激动剂或模拟物、促黑细胞激素类似物、大麻素受体拮抗剂、黑色素聚集激素拮抗剂、OB蛋白(瘦素)、瘦素类似物、瘦素受体激动剂、甘丙肽拮抗剂或GI脂肪酶抑制剂或消耗剂(如奥利司他)。其它厌食剂包括蛙皮素激动剂、脱氢异雄酮或其类似物、糖皮质激素受体激动剂和拮抗剂、阿立新受体拮抗剂、尿皮素结合蛋白拮抗剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1受体的激动剂如Exendin和睫状神经营养因子如Axokine。
在另一个实施方案中,可以给予增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物,以减少药物诱导的体重增加。例如,本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以作为与可刺激食欲或引起体重增加(特别是由于除保水以外的因素引起的体重增加)的药物的组合疗法。可引起体重增加的药物的实例包括例如:糖尿病治疗,包括例如,磺酰脲(如格列吡嗪和格列本脲)、噻唑烷二酮类(如吡格列酮和罗格列酮)、氯茴苯酸类、那格列奈、瑞格列奈、磺脲类药物和胰岛素;抗抑郁药,包括例如三环抗抑郁药(如阿米替林和丙咪嗪)、不可逆单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)、安非他酮、帕罗西汀和米尔塔扎平;类固醇类,例如,泼尼松;激素治疗;锂碳酸盐;丙戊酸;卡马西平;氯丙嗪;thiothixene;β阻滞剂(如普萘洛尔);α阻滞剂(如可乐定、哌唑嗪和特拉唑嗪);和避孕药,包括口服避孕药(节育药丸)或含有雌激素和/或孕酮的其它避孕药(Depo-Provera,Norplant,Ortho)、睾酮或甲地孕酮。在另一个示例性实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以作为戒烟程序的一部分给予,以防止体重增加或减轻已经获得的体重。
代谢性病症/糖尿病
在另一方面,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗或预防代谢病症,如胰岛素耐药性、前糖尿病状态、II型糖尿病和/或其并发症。给予本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以增加受试者中的胰岛素敏感性和/或降低胰岛素水平。需要这种治疗的受试者可以是患有胰岛素抗性或II型糖尿病的其他前体症状、患有II型糖尿病或可能发展任何这些病症的受试者。例如,受试者可为具有胰岛素抗性(例如具有高循环水平的胰岛素)和/或相关病症的受试者,所述相关病症例如为高脂血症、脂质生成障碍、高胆固醇血症、葡萄糖耐量受损、高血糖水平、综合征X的其他表现、高血压、动脉粥样硬化和脂肪营养不良。
在示例性的实施方案中,本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可作为治疗或预防代谢紊乱的组合疗法。例如,一种或多种本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以与一种或多种抗糖尿病剂组合给予。示例性的抗糖尿病药包括例如,醛糖还原酶抑制剂、糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂、山梨醇脱氢酶抑制剂、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B抑制剂、二肽基蛋白酶抑制剂、胰岛素(包括口服生物可利用的胰岛素制剂)、胰岛素模拟物、二甲双胍、阿卡波糖、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(PPAR-γ)配体(如曲格列酮,罗格列酮,吡格列酮或GW-1929)、磺酰脲、格列吡嗪、格列本脲或氯磺丙脲,其中第一和第二化合物的量产生治疗效果。其它抗糖尿病剂包括葡糖苷酶抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)、胰岛素、PPARα/γ双重激动剂、氯茴苯酸和αP2抑制剂。在示例性的实施方案中,抗糖尿病剂可以是二肽基肽酶IV(DP-IV或DPP-IV)抑制剂,例如来自Novartis的LAF237(NVP DPP728;1-[[[2-[(5-氰基吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基]氨基]乙酰基]-2-氰基-(S)-吡咯烷)或来自Merck的MK-04301(参见例如,Hughes等人,Biochemistry 38:11597-603(1999))。
炎性疾病
在其它方面,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗或预防与炎症相关的疾病或病症。可以在炎症发生之前、期间或之后给予增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物。当预防性使用时,组合物优选在任何炎症反应或症状出现之前提供。给予组合物可以预防或减弱炎症反应或症状。
示例性的炎性病症包括例如:多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、退行性关节病、脊柱关节病、痛风性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、幼年型关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、糖尿病(例如、胰岛素依赖性糖尿病或青少年型糖尿病)、经期痉挛、囊性纤维化、炎性肠病、肠易激综合征、克罗恩病、粘液性结肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、胃炎、食道炎、胰腺炎、腹膜炎、阿尔茨海默病、休克、强直性脊柱炎、胃炎、结膜炎、胰腺炎(急性或慢性)、多器官损伤综合征(例如、继发于败血症或创伤)、心肌梗塞、动脉粥样硬化、中风、再灌注损伤(例如、由于心肺转流术或肾透析)、急性肾小球肾炎、血管炎、热损伤(即晒伤)、坏死性小肠结肠炎、粒细胞输注相关综合征和/或干燥综合征(Sjogren syndrome)。示例性皮肤的炎性病症包括例如:湿疹、特应性皮炎、接触性皮炎、荨麻疹、schleroderma、牛皮癣和具有急性炎症成分的皮肤病。
在另一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗或预防过敏和呼吸病症,包括哮喘、支气管炎、肺纤维化、过敏性鼻炎、氧中毒、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征和任何慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。所述化合物可用于治疗慢性肝炎感染,包括乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎。
另外,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可用于治疗自身免疫性疾病和/或与自身免疫性疾病相关的炎症,如器官组织自身免疫性疾病(例如雷诺氏综合征))、硬皮病、重症肌无力、移植排斥、内毒素性休克、败血症、牛皮癣、湿疹、皮炎、多发性硬化、自身免疫性甲状腺炎、葡萄膜炎、系统性红斑狼疮、爱迪生氏病、自身免疫性多腺体疾病(也称为自身免疫多腺体综合征)和格雷夫斯病。
在一些实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白活性的本发明的一种或多种烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可单独使用或与其它有效治疗或预防炎症的化合物组合使用。示例性的抗炎剂包括,例如,甾类(例如,皮质醇、可的松、氟氢可的松、泼尼松、6-α-甲基泼尼松、曲安奈德、倍他米松or地塞米松)、非甾类抗炎药(NSAIDS(例如,阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚、托麦汀、布洛芬、甲芬那酸、吡罗昔康、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、塞来考昔、依托度酸或尼美舒利)。在另一个实施方案中,其它治疗剂为抗生素(例如,万古霉素、青霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢克肟、利福平甲硝唑、多西环素或链霉素)。在另一个实施方案中,其它治疗剂为PDE4抑制剂(例如,罗氟司特或咯利普兰)。在另一个实施方案中,其它治疗剂为抗组胺剂(例如,赛克利嗪、羟嗪、异丙嗪或苯海拉明)。在另一个实施方案中,其它治疗剂为抗疟药(例如,青蒿素、蒿甲醚、青蒿琥酯、磷酸氯奎、盐酸甲氟喹、盐酸多西环素、盐酸氯胍、阿托伐醌或氯氟菲醇)。在一个实施方案中,其它治疗剂为drotrecogin alfa。
抗炎剂的其它实例包括,例如,醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、e-6-乙醚氨基己酸、对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙罗、乙酰苯胺、乙酰水杨酸、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、阿氯芬酸、阿氯米松、阿芬他尼、阿尔孕酮、烯丙罗定、阿米洛芬、阿洛普令、阿法罗定、二(乙酰水杨酸)铝、安西奈德、氨芬酸、氨基氯西诺嗪、3-氨基-4-羟基丁酸、2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶、氨丙吡酮、氨基比林、阿米西群、水杨酸铵、安吡昔康、呱氨托美丁、阿尼利定、安替比林、安曲非宁、阿扎丙宗、倍氯米松、苄吲酸、贝诺酯、苯噁丙酸、苄哌吡酮、苄达明、苄吗啡、柏莫洛芬、倍他米松、倍他米松-17-戊酸盐、氰苯咪呱啶、α.-没药醇、溴芬酸、对溴乙酰苯胺、5-溴水杨酸乙酸盐、溴水杨醇、布西丁、布氯酸、布可隆、布地奈德、丁苯羟酸、布马地宗、丁丙诺啡、布他西丁、布替布芬、布托啡诺、卡马西平、卡比芬、卡洛芬、卡沙兰、氯丁醇、氯泼尼松、氯西诺嗪、水杨酸胆碱、辛可芬、桂美辛、西拉马朵、环氯茚酸、氯氟美松、氯氟土龙、氯美辛、氯尼他秦、氯尼辛、氯吡酸、氯泼尼醇、clove、可待因、溴甲可待因、磷酸可待因、硫酸可待因、可的松、可的伐唑、克罗丙胺、克罗乙胺、环唑辛、地夫可特、去氢睾酮、地索吗啡、地奈德、去羟米松、地塞米松、地塞米松-21-异烟酸酯、dexoxadrol、吗拉迈得、右丙氧芬、去氧皮质酮、地佐辛、地恩丙胺、diamorphone、双氯芬酸、二苯酰胺吡唑、联苯吡胺、二氟拉松、二氟可龙、二氟尼柳、二氟泼尼酯、二氢可待因、醋氢可待酮、二氢吗啡、二羟基乙酰水杨酸铝、地美沙多、美沙醇、二甲噻丁、吗苯丁酯、地匹哌酮、diprocetyl、安乃近、地他唑、哚昔康、依莫法宗、苯乙氨茴酸、甘草次酸、依匹唑、依他佐辛、依特柳酯、乙柳酰胺、依索庚嗪、依托沙秦、乙甲噻丁、乙基吗啡、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、依托尼秦、丁香油酚、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、苯吲柳酸、非诺洛芬、芬太尼、芬替酸、非普地醇、非普拉酮、夫洛非宁、氟扎可特、氟二氯松、氟芬那酸、氟米松、氟尼缩松、氟胺烟酸、氟诺洛芬、醋酸氟轻松、氟轻松、醋酸氟轻松、氟考丁酯、氟可龙、氟苯乙砜、氟米龙、氟培龙、氟普拉嗪、氟泼尼定、氟泼尼龙、氟丙喹宗、氟氢缩松、氟比洛芬、氟替卡松、氟甲酰龙、磷柳酸、龙胆酸、格拉非宁、葡美辛、水杨酸乙二醇酯、愈创蓝油烃、哈西奈德、halobetasol、卤米松、溴氟龙、海洛因、氢可酮、氢可松氨酯、氢化可的松、乙酸氢化可的松、琥珀酸氢化可的松、半琥珀酸氢化可的松、氢化可的松21-赖氨酸盐、环戊丙酸氢化可的松、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异丁芬酸、布洛芬、异丁普生、水杨酸咪唑、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、异氟泼尼龙、乙酸异氟泼尼龙、isoladol、异美沙酮、异尼辛、伊索克酸、伊索昔康、凯托米酮、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、对乙氧乳酰苯胺、来苯胺、烯丙左吗喃、左啡诺、左芬啡烷、罗芬太尼、氯那唑酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、赖氨酸乙酰水杨酸、马泼尼酮、甲氯灭酸、甲羟孕酮、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、哌替啶、甲基强的松、美普他酚、美沙拉嗪、美他佐辛、美沙酮、甲氧异丁嗪、甲基泼尼松龙、乙酸甲基泼尼松龙、甲基泼尼松龙琥珀酸钠、硫酸甲基泼尼松龙(methylprednisolone suleptnate)、甲嗪酸、甲氧夫啉、美托酮、莫非保松(mofebutazone)、莫苯唑酸、莫米松、吗拉宗、吗啡、盐酸吗啡、硫酸吗啡、水杨酸吗啉、麦罗啡、萘丁美酮、纳布啡、纳洛芬、1-萘基水杨酸酯、萘普生、罂粟碱、奈福泮、尼可吗啡、烟胺比林、尼氟灭酸、尼美舒利、5'-硝基-2'-丙氧基乙酰苯胺、去甲左啡诺、去甲美沙酮、去甲吗啡、诺匹哌酮、奥沙拉嗪、鸦片、奥沙西罗、oxametacine、奥沙普嗪、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、羟基保泰松、全阿片素、帕拉米松、瑞尼托林、帕沙米特、喷他佐辛、哌立索唑、非那西丁、苯吗庚酮、非那佐辛、盐酸非那吡啶、非诺可、苯哌利定、非诺吡酮、非诺啡烷、苯乙酰基水杨酸酯、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、非尼拉朵、吡酮洛芬、皮米诺定、哌布宗、哌立酮、吡拉唑酸、哌腈米特、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、泼尼卡酯、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、强的松龙戊酸酯、泼尼立定、丙谷美辛、普罗庚嗪、二甲哌替啶、丙帕他莫、丙哌利定、丙吡兰、丙氧芬、异丙安替比林、普罗喹宗、丙替嗪酸、普罗沙唑、雷米那酮、瑞芬太尼、甲硫利马唑、醋水扬胺(salacetamide)、水杨苷、水杨酰胺、水杨酰胺-o-乙酸、水杨酸、水杨酰硫酸酯、双水杨酸酯、沙维林(salverine)、西美曲特、舒芬太尼、柳氮磺胺吡啶、舒林酸、超氧化物歧化酶、舒洛芬、琥丁唑酮、他尼氟酯、替尼达普、替诺昔康、特罗芬那酯、汉防己甲素、噻唑丁炎酮、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、替利定、替诺立定、巯氢可的松、托芬那酸、托麦汀、曲马多、曲安奈德、醋酸曲安奈德、tropesin、维米醇、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬和苯酰吡酸钠。
在示例性的实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可与选择性COX-2抑制剂一起给予,以用于治疗或预防炎症。示例性的选择性COX-2抑制剂包括,例如,地拉考昔、帕瑞昔布、塞来考昔、伐地考昔、罗非考昔、依托考昔、罗美昔布、2-(3,5-二氟苯基)-3-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-2-环戊烯-1-酮、(S)-6,8-二氯-2-(三氟甲基)-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-羧酸、2-(3,4-二氟苯基)-4-(3-羟基-3-甲基-1-丁氧基)-5-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-3-(2H)-哒嗪酮、4-[5-(4-氟苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]苯磺酰胺、1-苄基-4-[(4-氧代哌啶-1-基}磺酰基]哌啶-4-羧酸叔丁基酯、4-[5-(苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]苯磺酰胺、其盐及其前药。
潮红
在另一方面,提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于降低作为病症的症状的潮红和/或潮热。例如,本发明的方法包括单独使用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物(其增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性),或与其它药剂组合使用,用于在癌症患者中降低潮红和/或潮热的发生率或严重性。在其它实施方案中,该方法提供了本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物的用途,以在绝经和绝经后妇女中降低潮红和/或潮热的发病率或严重性。
在另一方面,可以将增加NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物用作疗法以降低潮红和/或潮热的发病率或严重性,所述潮红和/或潮热是另一种药物疗法的副作用,例如药物诱发的潮红。在一些实施方案中,用于治疗和/或预防药物诱导的潮红的方法包括向有需要的患者给予包含至少一种诱导潮红的化合物和至少一种本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物。在其它实施方案中,用于治疗药物导致的潮红的方法包括分别给予一种或多种诱导潮红的化合物和一种或多种本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物,例如其中本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物和潮红诱导剂未配制在相同的组合物中。当使用分开的制剂时,烟酰胺核苷氯化物可以与潮红诱导剂:(1)同时给予;(2)与潮红诱导剂间歇给予;(3)相对于潮红诱导剂交错给予;(4)在给予潮红诱导剂之前给予;(5)在给予潮红诱导剂之后给予;和(6)其各种组合。示例性的潮红诱导剂包括例如尼克酸、faloxifene、抗抑郁药、抗精神病药、化疗药、钙通道阻滞剂和抗生素。
在一个实施方案中,提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于减少血管扩张剂或抗血脂剂(包括抗胆碱酯剂和抗脂肪肝剂)的潮红副作用。在示例性的实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以与尼克酸一起给予以减少潮红。
烟酸、3-吡啶羧酸或尼克酸是抗血脂剂,其以例如商品名 和Time Release出售。多年来已经使用烟酸来治疗脂血病症,如高脂血症、高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化。长期以来已知该化合物表现出降低人体中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白或“LDL胆固醇”、甘油三酯和载脂蛋白a(Lp(a))的有益效果,同时增加所需的高密度脂蛋白或“HDL胆固醇“。
典型剂量范围为每天约1克至约3克。烟酸通常在饭后每天给药两到四次,这取决于所选择的剂型。烟酸目前可以两种剂型商购获得。一种剂型是立即或快速释放片剂,其应每天给予三或四次。立即释放(“IR”)烟酸制剂通常在摄入后约30至60分钟内释放几乎所有的烟酸。另一种剂型是适合于每天给药两至四次的持续释放形式。与IR制剂相反,持续释放(“SR”)烟酸制剂被设计成在特定的时间间隔内释放大量药物从而被吸收到血流中,以便在延长的时间内(如摄入后12或24小时)维持治疗水平的烟酸。
如本文所用,术语“烟酸”意在包括烟酸或除烟酸本身以外的化合物,该化合物被身体代谢为烟酸,因此产生与烟酸基本相同的效果。产生类似于烟酸的效果的示例性的化合物包括例如:酒石酸烟醇,梨醇烟酯,烟酸铝,戊四烟酯和d-1-α-生育酚烟酸酯。所有这样的化合物在本文中统称为“烟酸”。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于治疗和/或预防高脂血症的方法,其中减少了潮红副作用。该方法包括以下步骤:向有需要的受试者给予治疗有效量的烟酸和本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物,其量足以减少潮红。在示例性的实施方案中,烟酸和/或本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以夜间给予。
在另一个代表性实施方案中,该方法涉及使用本发明的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物以减少雷洛昔芬的潮红副作用。雷洛昔芬的作用在身体的一些部位作用与雌激素相似,但不是激素。它有助于防止已经达到停经的妇女患有骨质疏松症。骨质疏松导致骨骼逐渐变细、变脆,并且更可能破裂。Evista减缓停经时发生的骨量损失,降低由于骨质疏松引起的脊柱骨折的风险。雷洛昔芬的常见副作用是潮热(出汗和潮红)。对于已经由于停经而患有潮热的妇女来说这是不舒服的。
在另一个代表性实施方案中,该方法涉及使用增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物,以减少抗抑郁药或抗精神病药的潮红副作用。例如,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可以与以下物质联合使用(单独给予或一起给予):血清素再摄取抑制剂、5HT2受体拮抗剂、抗惊厥药、去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂、α-肾上腺受体拮抗剂、NK-3拮抗剂、NK-1受体拮抗剂、PDE4抑制剂、神经肽Y5受体拮抗剂、D4受体拮抗剂、5HT1A受体拮抗剂、5HT1D受体拮抗剂、CRF拮抗剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂或镇静催眠药。
在一些实施方案中,可以使用增加NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物用作5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SRI)治疗的一部分以减少潮红。在一些优选的实施方案中,SRI是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI),如类氟西汀(氟西汀,诺氟西汀)或类奈法唑酮(奈法唑酮,羟基奈法唑酮,氧奈法唑酮(oxonefazodone))。其他示例性的SSRI包括度洛西汀、文拉法辛、米那普仑、西酞普兰、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀和舍曲林。增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物也可以用作镇静催眠药的治疗的一部分,如选自苯二氮(如阿普唑仑、氯氮氯硝西泮、氯氮盐、氯巴占、地西泮、哈拉西泮、劳拉西泮、奥沙西泮和普拉西泮),唑吡坦和巴比妥盐。在其它实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以用作5-HT1A受体部分激动剂治疗的一部分,如选自丁螺环酮、氟噁克生、吉吡隆和伊沙匹隆。增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物也可用作去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂治疗的一部分,如选自叔胺三环化合物和仲胺三环化合物。示例性的叔胺三环包括阿米替林、氯丙咪嗪、多虑平、丙咪嗪和三甲丙咪嗪。示例性的仲胺三环包括阿莫沙平、地昔帕明、马普替林、去甲替林和普罗替林。在一些实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可以用作单胺氧化酶抑制剂治疗的一部分,如选自异卡波肼、苯乙肼、苯环丙胺、司来吉兰和吗氯贝胺。
在另一个代表性实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或药物组合物可以用于减少化疗剂如环磷酰胺和他莫昔芬的潮红副作用。
在另一个实施方案中,增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于减少钙通道阻滞剂如氨氯地平的潮红副作用。
在另一个实施方案中,可以使用增加NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物来减少抗生素的潮红副作用。例如,提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可以与左氧氟沙星组合使用。左氧氟沙星用于治疗由易感细菌引起的鼻窦、皮肤、肺、耳、气道、骨骼和关节的感染。左氧氟沙星也常用于治疗尿路感染,包括对其他抗生素耐药的感染,以及治疗前列腺炎。左氧氟沙星在治疗由大肠杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌和志贺氏菌引起的感染性腹泻中是有效的。左氧氟沙星也可用于治疗各种产科感染,包括乳腺炎。
其它用途
提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可用于治疗或预防病毒感染(如流感病毒、疱疹病毒或乳头状瘤病毒的感染)或作为抗真菌剂。在一些实施方案中,可以将增加NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物可作为与另一种治疗剂的组合药物治疗的一部分以用于治疗病毒性疾病,所述另一种治疗剂包括例如阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦和齐多夫定。在另一个实施方案中,可以将增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物作为与另一种抗真菌剂的组合药物治疗的一部分,所述另一种抗真菌剂包括例如局部抗真菌剂(如环吡酮,克霉唑,益康唑,咪康唑,制霉菌素,奥昔康唑,特康唑和托萘酯)或全身抗真菌(如氟康唑(Diflucan),伊曲康唑(Sporanox),酮康唑)和咪康唑(Monistat I.V.))。
可以如本文所述治疗的受试者包括真核生物,例如哺乳动物,例如人、绵羊、牛、马、猪、犬、猫、非人灵长类动物、小鼠和大鼠。可以处理的细胞包括:真核细胞,例如来自上述受试者的真核细胞,或者植物细胞、酵母细胞;和原核细胞,例如细菌细胞。例如,烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和本发明的药物组合物可以给予于农场动物以提高其更长时间耐受农业条件的能力。
提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和药物组合物也可以用于增加植物的寿命、抗应激性和对细胞凋亡的抗性。在一个实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物被应用于植物(例如,周期性地给予)或真菌。在另一个实施方案中,植物被遗传修饰以产生化合物。在另一个实施方案中,在采摘和运输之前用本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物处理植物和果实以增加运输期间对损坏的抗性。植物种子也可以与本文所述的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物接触,例如,以使它们防腐。
在其它实施方案中,提高NAD的水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物可用于调节酵母细胞的寿命。可希望延长酵母细胞寿命的情况包括使用酵母的任何过程,例如制作啤酒、酸奶和烘焙产品(例如面包)。使用具有延长的寿命的酵母可以导致使用较少的酵母或使酵母具有更长时间的活性。用于重组产生蛋白质的酵母或其他哺乳动物细胞也可以如本文所述进行处理。
增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物也可用于增加昆虫的寿命,抗应激性和对细胞凋亡的抗性。在该实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物将被应用于有益的昆虫,例如,蜜蜂和参与植物授粉的其它昆虫。在具体的实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物将被应用于参与蜂蜜生产的蜜蜂。通常,本文所述的方法可以应用于可具有商业重要性的任何生物体,例如真核生物。例如,它们可被应用于鱼类(水产养殖)和鸟类(例如,鸡和家禽)。
更高剂量的增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白的活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物也可以用作杀虫剂,其干扰沉默基因的调节以及发育过程中凋亡的调节。在该实施方案中,本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂或组合物可以使用本领域已知的方法被给予于植物,所述方法确保所述化合物对昆虫幼虫是生物可利用的,而非植物。
至少基于繁殖和长寿之间的联系(Longo和Finch,Science,2002),增加NAD水平和/或沉默调节蛋白活性的本发明的烟酰胺核苷氯化物制剂和组合物可被应用以影响生物体如昆虫、动物和微生物的繁殖。
实施例
现在对本发明进行一般性描述,通过参考以下实施例,本发明将更容易理解,所述实施例仅仅是为了说明本发明的一些方面和实施方案的目的,并且不意图以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1:制备端基异构纯的烟酰胺核苷三乙酸酯三氟甲磺酸盐。
向20L反应器添加576g(4.71mol)的烟酰胺(Aldrich或其它商业来源)和7.5LCH3CN。向搅拌的悬浮液中加入1.57L(8.64mol)三氟甲磺酸三甲基甲硅烷基酯(TMSOTf)(Oakwood或其它商业来源),一次性全部加入。搅拌混合物直至所有烟酰胺都溶解,然后加入溶于1.25L CH3CN中的500g(1.57mmol)α/β-D-呋喃核糖1,2,3,5-四乙酸酯的溶液(Zhang,P.;Dong,Z.E.;Cleary,T.P.Org.Proc.Res.Dev.2005,9,583-592),一次性全部加入。将残留在加料管中的核糖酯溶于250mL的CH3CN,并将该溶液加入反应混合物中。在室温搅拌反应混合物30分钟,期间形成白色沉淀(包含烟酰胺三氟甲烷-硫酸盐)。在30分钟的反应时间之后,通过添加50mL的1.2M NaHCO3(水溶液)引发过量TMSOTf的水解,允许产生的气体被排出,然后沉降。分批加入额外425g(5.06mol)的NaHCO3(s)以控制气体产生。在添加了所有的NaHCO3后,将悬浮液搅拌15分钟。此时,反应pH为3。将固体过滤,并用CH3CN(3x500mL)清洗滤饼。将合并的滤液和洗液在真空下浓缩以除去8.5L的溶剂。为了方便,可以中止浓缩,并可将残留溶液在-20℃储存长达18h。将残留的溶液转移回20L反应器,使用250mL甲醇将最后痕量的反应浓缩物清洗到反应器中。用5L的CH2Cl2稀释该溶液,获得白色沉淀,其主要由三氟甲磺酸钠(NaOTf)和烟酰胺三氟甲烷硫酸盐组成。过滤该混合物,然后用2L的CH2Cl2清洗滤饼。将合并的滤液和洗液在真空下浓缩直至成为粘稠油状物。(为了方便,可以中止浓缩,并可将残留溶液在-20℃储存长达18h)。在CH2Cl2蒸馏的速度慢至痕量后,将剩余的油状物吸收在1L甲醇中,然后将溶液在真空浓缩以除去任何残留的CH2Cl2。
实施例2:通过将烟酰胺核苷三氟甲烷磺酸盐和乙酸盐离子交换为氯离子而制备烟酰胺核苷氯化物。
使用7.5L甲醇将残留物转移回20L反应器。对反应器施加冰浴将内部温度调整为3℃。另一方面,将3.75L(3.75mol)的溶于甲醇中的1M NaOCH3冷却至3℃,然后将该溶液经10分钟加入反应器。在添加期间,将内部温度保持为低于5℃。在完成添加后,将反应混合物搅拌30分钟,然后缓慢添加1.25L(3.75mol)的3M HCl,将内部温度保持为低于5℃。在添加HCl结束时,pH=3。在真空下除去溶剂。(为了方便,可将部分浓缩的溶液在4℃储存长达48h)。在完成浓缩后,可将残留物在-20℃储存长达18h。为了除去残留的甲醇,将蒸发残留物溶于水中并在真空下浓缩(3x 1L)。将残留物吸收在5L水中,并用2M NaOH(水溶液)将pH调为4。向溶液中加入氯化纳(NaCl),并将混合物在室温下搅拌直到NaCl饱和,剩下约5g的未溶解的NaCl。用四氢呋喃(THF,3x 5L)萃取该饱和溶液。通过1H NMR监控水层以确认在萃取完成后已除去了乙酸。
用2M NaOH(水溶液)将水相调节至pH=6-7,然后用THF(4x 5L)萃取。通过1H NMR监控水层以确认相对于烟酰胺核苷,残留烟酰胺为<5mol%。还使用19F NMR确认在水层中不存在三氟甲磺酸盐。然后在真空下浓缩水层以除去2.5L水。用5L乙醇将残留悬浮液稀释,过滤,用2.5L乙醇清洗盐沉淀。在真空下将合并的滤液和洗液浓缩为粘稠油状物。将其与1.5L甲醇一起搅拌,过滤沉淀,并将溶液在真空下浓缩。另外用1.5L甲醇与残留物一起搅拌,过滤沉淀并将溶液在真空下浓缩。将残留物与第三份1.5L的甲醇一起搅拌,过滤沉淀,并将溶液在真空下浓缩,获得385g橙红色油状物。通过1H NMR确认残留的甲醇量为34g,粗产物收率为351g(77%)。
THF萃取物用于除去大多数过量的烟酰胺。由于三氟甲磺酸钠可溶于THF,萃取也从溶液中除去了三氟甲磺酸钠,同时将烟酰胺核苷与其抗衡离子氯离子留在水层中。与此前合成烟酰胺核苷氯化物相反(其递送了烟酰胺核苷氯化物的端基异构体混合物(Jarman,M.Ross,W.C.J.J.Chem.Soc.(C)1969,199-203;Haynes,L.J.;Hughes,N.A.;Kenner,G.W.;Todd,A.J.Chem.Soc.1957,3727-3732)),这允许制备端基异构纯的烟酰胺核苷氯化物。烟酰胺核苷最近的合成已获得端基异构体纯的材料,其为溴化物盐、三氟甲磺酸盐或三氟乙酸盐,它们相对于氯化物盐,对于人类消耗来说不那么理想。
实施例3:烟酰胺核苷氯化物●0.9甲醇晶体的制备。
将来自上述实施例的粗产物(351g)溶解在1.5L甲醇中,然后真空除去625mL甲醇。对于初始结晶实验,将该溶液置于玻璃圆底烧瓶中,用金属刮刀刮擦其侧面。然后将溶液在-20℃下储存几个星期,直到形成结晶沉淀物。结晶固体与无定形固体不同,因为其可在环境条件下过滤,同时保持自由流动。相反,无定形固体在暴露于环境湿度时在过滤器上形成琥珀色粘性物质。对于随后的制备,将甲醇溶液用100mg结晶烟酰胺核苷氯化物接种,并将溶液置于环境温度,同时使产物在几小时的过程中结晶。使用布氏漏斗过滤装置过滤晶体并用200mL冰冷的甲醇洗涤。将产物在过滤器上干燥,置于空气中1.5小时然后在高真空(<1.0mM Hg)下在环境温度搅拌18小时。产量为157g(34%)淡黄色固体。通过1H NMR积分确定产物含有0.9摩尔当量的甲醇(即烟酰胺核苷氯化物●0.9甲醇晶体)。在<40℃下额外干燥并不能除去该残留甲醇。所得产物是烟酰胺核苷氯化物(即3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓氯化物)的生物活性形式的无水晶型。1H NMR(300MHz,D2O),数据与从乙醇分离所报道的那些一致,除了在3.30ppm的额外信号,其对应于0.9当量的CH3OH。IR(cm-1)3361,1674,1610,1394,1082,982,833,792(图7为IR图)。通过使用偏振光的光学显微镜证实该产物的结晶性质(图3)。图4为X-射线粉末衍射数据(XRPD(度)-11.1,-7.1,-2.9,1.0,4.7,15.2,18.2,21.4,23.5,24.9,26.0,27.7。
实施例4:制备含有<5000ppm乙醇的烟酰胺核苷氯化物晶体。
为了制备第一批晶体以用作随后按比例放大规模批次的晶种,将含有0.9摩尔当量的甲醇的100mg烟酰胺核苷氯化物溶解在5mL甲醇中,然后将溶液用10mL的乙醇稀释。将溶液真空浓缩至5mL体积,然后加入5mL乙醇。将溶液第二次真空浓缩至体积为5mL,然后加入另外5mL乙醇。将溶液在真空中第三次浓缩至体积为5mL,然后加入含有0.9摩尔当量的甲醇的5-10mg烟酰胺核苷氯化物晶体,但不发生结晶。将混合物浓缩至3mL,得到无定形沉淀物。向该混合物中加入2mL的乙醇以溶解沉淀物,得到溶液。将该烧瓶用橡胶隔膜盖上,并在环境温度放置4天。从晶体中倒出溶剂,然后将这些晶体真空干燥,得到15mg浅棕色半球体。将该物质用于紧随其后的结晶过程中的接种。
将含有0.9摩尔当量甲醇的75g的结晶烟酰胺核苷氯化物溶解在100mL水中。在搅拌下,将该溶液用2.0L乙醇稀释,然后使其在环境温度静置5分钟。接下来,将溶液用50mg无水烟酰胺核苷氯化物晶体接种。将混合物在环境温度静置15小时,然后使用布氏漏斗过滤结晶产物,用100mL乙醇洗涤,然后在过滤器上干燥,连续抽吸并使其接触空气1.5小时,得到43.2g浅棕褐色晶体。将上清液在40℃真空浓缩至500mL,然后将所得悬浮液搅拌2.25小时。将沉淀物过滤,用100mL乙醇洗涤,然后在过滤器上干燥,得到12.8g额外产物。总产量为56g烟酰胺核苷氯化物。
在D2O溶液中的1H NMR分析显示该产物不含甲醇,并且含<5000ppm的残余乙醇(图9)。1H NMR分析(d6-DMSO)显示这些晶体是无水的(图10)。该产物的结晶性质通过使用偏振光的光学显微镜证实(图5)。将50mg的该物质在高真空(<1.0mm Hg)下和环境温度干燥48小时。该晶体没有显示出明确的熔点。该物质在100℃、<1mmHg下在17分钟内完全分解,不熔化(在加热期后,通过在D2O溶液中的1H NMR谱分析证实分解。)相比之下,样品可以在80℃、<1mm Hg加热1小时,分解<3%。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)9.63(s,1H,H2),9.31(d,1H,J=5.9Hz,H4),9.01(dd,1H,J=8.0Hz,1.0Hz,H6),8.32(dd,1H,J=8.0Hz,5.9Hz,H5),6.29(d,1H,J=3.9Hz,H1’),4.55(t,1H,J=3.9Hz,H2’),4.50(m,1H,H4’),4.38(t,1H,J=3.9Hz,H3’),4.08(dd,1H,J=12,3Hz,H5’),3.93(dd,1H,J=12,3,Hz,H5’);13C NMR(75MHz,D2O)165.8(C7),145.6(C6),,142.6(C4),140.4(C2),133.9(C3),128.4(C5),99.9(C1’),87.6(C4’),77.4(C2’),69.7(C3’),60.1(C5’);IR(cm-1)3299,1700,1398,1080,982,887,795(参见图8)。XRPD(度)14.2,17.1,20.5,22.7,23.8,25.1,26.8,34.2。图6为X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)数据。XRPD作为其中仅存在痕量残留溶剂的烟酰胺核苷氯化物晶体的指纹。
实施例5:NR氯化物增加真皮成纤维细胞中的NAD。
将源自成人皮肤的人原代真皮成纤维细胞(HDFa,Life technologies,GrandIsland,NY,传代2-4)在补充有低血清生长补充剂(LSGS)(Life Technologies)的培养基106(Life Technologies)中生长,并在12孔板中接种,其中每孔密度为2×105个细胞,每个孔中加入1ml培养基。
以100mM的浓度在水中新鲜制备NR氯化物(MW:322.742,GSK3002633B)原液。如图5所示,将细胞用不同浓度的NR氯化物处理6小时和24小时,用含有5mM EDTA的PBS洗涤两次,然后进行烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)测量。
简言之,向每个孔中加入乙腈(ACN)裂解缓冲液(乙酸铵(50mM)和90%乙腈)(200μl/孔),通过在培养板振荡器上低速轻轻旋转,将细胞在室温下裂解,保持5-10分钟。将酶混合物(enzyme master mix)(300μM的5-氨基-(3,4’-联吡啶)-6(1H)-酮(Inamrinone)(Sigma-Aldrich)(ADP核糖基环化酶(ADPR环化酶)的底物)和在75mM HEPES pH7缓冲液中的30nM ADPR环化酶(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)(Life Technologies))加入裂解的细胞(400μl酶混合物/孔)。将酶反应混合物在室温孵育30分钟。孵育结束时,将来自每个孔的反应溶液的上清液(200μl)转移到96孔板中的每个孔中,并在96孔板中使用酶标仪(SpectraMaxplus,Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,CA)在405nm读取吸光度两次。使用2:1比例的酶混合物和ACN提取溶液的混合物作为空白参照物。使用分离的化学纯的NAD(Sigma)作为阳性对照。其他NAD测定是本领域已知的或者可为公众可获得的试剂盒(参见,例如Beuber,D.,等人,Biochim,Biophys.Acta,1964,92,610-12;Emanuelli,M.,等人.J.Chromatog.B.676,13-18;和Cayman Chemical提供的基于细胞的NAD/NADH测定试剂盒)。图16所示的结果表明,NR氯盐剂量依赖性地增加真皮成纤维细胞中的细胞内NAD水平。
等效方案
本发明尤其提供烟酰胺核苷NAD前体化合物及其盐及其使用方法。尽管已经讨论了本发明的具体实施方案,但上述说明书是说明性的而不是限制性的。在阅读本说明书后,本发明的许多变化对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。本发明的全部范围应当通过参考权利要求及其等同物的全部范围以及说明书以及这些变化来确定。
通过引用合并
本文提及的所有出版物和专利,包括下面列出的那些项目整体并入本文作为参考,如同每个单独的出版物或专利被具体地和单独地指示并入以作为参考那样。在冲突的情况下,以本申请(包括本文的任何定义)为主。
整体并入本文作为参考的是参考与公共数据库中的条目相关的登录号的任何多核苷酸和多肽序列,如由基因组研究院(TIGR)(www.tigr.org)和/或国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)。
以下也被合并于此以作为参考:PCT公开WO2005/002672;2004/016726;WO 2006/086454;和WO 2006/105440。
Claims (47)
1.基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物晶体,其具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,含有<5000ppm的乙醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。
2.基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物甲醇化物晶体,其具有大于90%(w/w)的化学纯度,含有0.01至1.1摩尔当量的甲醇和<1000ppm的其它溶剂。
3.权利要求2的基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷)氯化物甲醇化物晶体,其含有0.7至1.1摩尔当量的甲醇。
4.权利要求1或2的基本纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其包含小于1%(m/m)的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2S(α)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物。
5.权利要求1或2的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其具有大于95%(w/w)的化学纯度。
6.权利要求1或2的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其具有大于或等于99%(w/w)的化学纯度。
7.权利要求1的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,含有<4000ppm的乙醇。
8.权利要求1的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,含有选自以下水平的乙醇:0-100ppm的乙醇、100-200ppm的乙醇、200-300ppm的乙醇、300-400ppm的乙醇和400-500ppm的乙醇。
9.权利要求1的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其具有基本如图6所示的X射线粉末衍射图。
10.权利要求1的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其具有以下X射线粉末衍射峰中的四个或更多个:约14.2°、约17.1°、约20.5°、约22.7°、约23.8°、约25.1°、约26.8°和约34.2°。
11.权利要求1的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其具有基本如图8所示的红外吸收光谱。
12.权利要求1的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体,其具有基本上包含以下峰(cm-1)的IR光谱:3299、1700、1398、1080、982、887和795。
13.权利要求2的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物甲醇化物晶体,其具有基本如图4所示的X射线粉末衍射图。
14.权利要求2的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物甲醇化物晶体,其具有以下X射线粉末衍射峰(°)中的五个或更多个:约-11.1°、约-7.1°、约-2.9°、约1.0°、约4.7°、约15.2°、约18.2°、约21.4°、约23.5°、约24.9°、约26.0°和约27.7°。
15.权利要求2的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)甲醇化物晶体,其具有基本如图7所示的红外吸收光谱。
16.权利要求2的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)甲醇化物晶体,其具有基本上包含以下峰(cm-1)的红外吸收光谱:3361、1674、1610、1394、1082、982、833和792。
17.用于获得权利要求1的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体或权利要求2的基本上异构纯的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物甲醇化物晶体的方法,其中使用有机溶剂从水性反应混合物中将三氟甲磺酸盐萃取到所述有机溶剂中,从而从所述水性混合物除去所述三氟甲磺酸根阴离子。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述有机溶剂为醚类溶剂。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中所述醚类溶剂选自四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、3-甲基四氢呋喃、吡喃、二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、乙醚、二-正丙基醚、二异丙醚和叔丁基甲基醚。
20.权利要求16的方法,其中所述有机溶剂选自乙腈、丙腈和丁腈。
21.权利要求16的方法,其中所述有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃和乙腈。
22.权利要求16的方法,其中所述三氟甲磺酸盐选自三氟甲磺酸锂、三氟甲磺酸钠、三氟甲磺酸钾、三氟甲磺酸铷、三氟甲磺酸铯、三氟甲磺酸铵、三氟甲磺酸钙和三氟甲磺酸镁。
23.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1的β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体。
24.权利要求23的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物用于肠内给药。
25.权利要求24的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物用于口服给药。
26.权利要求24的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物用于直肠或舌下给药。
27.权利要求23的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物用于胃肠外给药。
28.权利要求27的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物用于静脉内注射。
29.权利要求27的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物用于鼻内给药、经皮给药、泌尿生殖系统给药、眼给药、耳给药或呼吸系统吸入给药。
30.用于被哺乳动物消耗的食品或饮料,其包含权利要求1的2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物晶体。
31.权利要求30的食品或饮料,每100克食品或饮料包含至少约10mg的烟酰胺核苷。
32.权利要求31的食品或饮料,每克食品或饮料至少约10mg烟酰胺核苷。
33.用于制备3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)-四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷或2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)阳离子的药学可接受的非氯化物盐形式的方法,其中:
提供结晶的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))氯化物,和
将其化学处理以提供3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)-四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(β-D-烟酰胺核苷(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷))阳离子盐的药学可接受的非氯化物盐形式。
34.权利要求33的方法,其中所述药学可接受的非氯化物盐形式选自:硫酸盐、磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、异丁酸盐、戊酸盐、己酸盐、庚酸盐、辛酸盐、乳酸盐、2-羟基丁酸盐、3-羟基丁酸盐、苯甲酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、异柠檬酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸盐。
35.基本上异构纯的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)非氯盐,其通过权利要求33的方法制备。
36.用于制备3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物水溶液的方法,其包括:
提供结晶的3-氨基甲酰基-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基)吡啶-1-鎓(2R(β)烟酰胺核苷)氯化物,和
将所述结晶的2R(β)烟酰胺核苷氯化物与水接触。
37.治疗疾病或病症的方法,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平,其包括给予权利要求23的药物组合物。
38.权利要求37的方法,其中所述疾病或病症为胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病或肥胖。
39.权利要求37的方法,其中所述疾病或病症为线粒体疾病或病症。
40.权利要求39的方法,其中所述线粒体疾病或病症选自神经肌肉障碍、神经元不稳定的病症、神经退行性疾病和线粒体肌病。
41.权利要求39的方法,其中所述线粒体疾病或病症选自:弗里德赖希氏共济失调、肌营养不良、多发性硬化、癫痫病、偏头痛、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、局部缺血、肾小管性酸中毒、年龄相关的神经退行性病变和认知衰退、化疗疲劳、年龄相关的或化疗导致的停经或月经周期或排卵的不规律、线粒体肌病、线粒体损伤(例如,钙积累、兴奋性中毒、一氧化氮暴露、药物导致的毒性损伤或缺氧)和线粒体反常。
42.权利要求39的方法,其中所述线粒体疾病或病症为线粒体肌病,其选自进行性外眼肌麻痹、卡恩斯-塞尔综合征、MELAS综合征(线粒体脑肌病、乳酸性酸中毒和中风样发作)、MERFF综合征(肌阵挛型癫痫和蓬毛样红纤维)、肢带分布型无力和婴儿肌病(良性或恶性且致死的)。
43.权利要求1至16中任一项的化合物,或权利要求23-29中任一项的组合物,其用于治疗。
44.权利要求1至16中任一项的化合物,或权利要求23-29中任一项的组合物,其用于治疗疾病或病症,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平。
45.权利要求44的化合物或组合物,其中所述疾病或病症为胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖或线粒体疾病或病症。
46.权利要求1至16中任一项的化合物或其药学可接受盐或权利要求23-29中任一项的组合物在制备用于治疗疾病或病症的药物中的用途,所述疾病或病症将受益于增加的NAD水平。
47.权利要求46中所定义的化合物或组合物,其中所述疾病或病症为胰岛素抗性、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖或线粒体疾病或病症。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201462006434P | 2014-06-02 | 2014-06-02 | |
US62/006,434 | 2014-06-02 | ||
PCT/IB2015/054181 WO2015186068A1 (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2015-06-02 | Preparation and use of crystalline beta-d-nicotinamide riboside |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106536535A true CN106536535A (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
Family
ID=53276953
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580040316.6A Pending CN106536535A (zh) | 2014-06-02 | 2015-06-02 | 结晶的β‑D‑烟酰胺核苷的制备和用途 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10316054B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3149016A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2017518306A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20170012449A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106536535A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2015270130A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2950727A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2016015997A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2016149764A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015186068A1 (zh) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106715454A (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2017-05-24 | 格雷斯公司 | 烟酰胺核苷的结晶形式 |
CN107428791A (zh) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-12-01 | 格雷斯公司 | 烟酰胺核苷的结晶形式 |
CN108774278A (zh) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-11-09 | 张洪喜 | 一种制备尼克酰胺核苷盐的方法 |
CN110283221A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 药源药物化学(上海)有限公司 | 杂环化合物的制备和纯化方法 |
CN110452277A (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-15 | 明特奇点医疗科技(成都)有限公司 | 一种烟酰胺核糖的制备方法 |
CN111093676A (zh) * | 2017-05-18 | 2020-05-01 | 益力舒健康公司 | 改善睡眠的方法和组合物 |
CN111315867A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-06-19 | 益力舒健康公司 | 合成烟酰胺核苷的方法 |
CN111454311A (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市迪克曼科技开发有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的有机酸盐及其组合物与制备方法 |
CN111808156A (zh) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-23 | 许昌远志生物科技有限公司 | 一种β-烟酰胺核糖氯化物的晶型1A、晶型1B及其制备方法 |
CN112020363A (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-12-01 | 益力舒健康公司 | 烟酰胺核苷氯化物的结晶形式 |
CN112028954A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 浩宇康宁健康科技(湖北)有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的制备方法 |
CN113518782A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-10-19 | 邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | 一种以烟酰胺为原料制备烟酰胺单核苷酸的方法 |
CN113943333A (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-18 | 广东生命源科技有限公司 | 一种氢化烟酰胺核糖的制备方法及应用 |
CN114423771A (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-04-29 | 生物合成股份公司 | 制备烟酰胺呋喃核糖苷盐的方法、烟酰胺呋喃核糖苷盐本身及其用途 |
CN114577935A (zh) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-06-03 | 中科谱研(北京)科技有限公司 | 一种胶囊中烟酰胺核糖氯化物的分离检测方法 |
CN114933621A (zh) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-23 | 深圳市迪克曼生物科技有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的有机酸盐及其结晶形态、制备方法与用途 |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2994553C (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2022-08-30 | Metro International Biotech, Llc | Nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives and their uses |
WO2017042198A2 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-16 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Agents and methods using thereof for the prevention and treatment of stem cell muscle disorders |
GB2542881B (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2020-01-01 | Carr Andrew | Crystal forms of ß-nicotinamide mononucleotide |
US10611790B2 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2020-04-07 | Mitobridge, Inc. | Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives for use in the treatments of mitochondrial-related diseases |
KR20220137150A (ko) * | 2016-04-14 | 2022-10-11 | 크로마덱스 아이엔씨. | 유아용 조제유에서의 니코틴아미드 리보시드, 니코틴산 리보시드, 니코틴아미드 모노뉴클레오티드 및 니코티노일 화합물 유도체의 용도 |
GB2553001A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-21 | The Queen's Univ Of Belfast | Lactone intermediates of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinate riboside |
WO2018039207A1 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-03-01 | Elysium Health, Inc. | Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene compositions and methods for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders |
CN110662542A (zh) | 2016-11-11 | 2020-01-07 | 英国贝尔法斯特女王大学 | 烟酰基核苷和还原的烟酰基核苷、其改性衍生物、其磷酸化的类似物、其腺苷二核苷酸共轭物、以及其新颖结晶形式的有效且可规模化的合成 |
US11071747B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2021-07-27 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Use of NAD precursors for breast enhancement |
CN110234238B (zh) | 2016-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 爱荷华大学研究基金会 | Nad前体用于改善母体健康和/或后代健康的用途 |
EP3568488A4 (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2020-09-23 | The Regents of The University of Colorado, A Body Corporate | METHOD OF TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS |
US20180303861A1 (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-10-25 | Eric Marcotulli | Treating and preventing kidney damage |
WO2018236814A2 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2018-12-27 | Gangadhara Ganapati | NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSID DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF |
WO2018236747A1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-27 | Yale University | COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR EXTENDING THE DURATION OF A SUBJECT |
KR101982923B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-05-27 | 가천대학교 산학협력단 | 편두통 진단용 바이오마커 및 상기 바이오마커를 이용한 편두통 진단방법 |
KR101990681B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-06-18 | 가천대학교 산학협력단 | 편두통 진단용 바이오마커 및 상기 바이오마커를 이용한 편두통 진단방법 |
WO2019133815A1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Nicotinamide riboside treatments of domesticated meat animals |
AU2019214858B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2023-02-02 | Metro International Biotech, Llc | Nicotinamide riboside analogs, pharmaceutical compositions, and uses thereof |
WO2019209840A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | Elysium Health, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating rheumatoid arthritis |
US11447514B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2022-09-20 | Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. | (Thio)nicotinamide ribofuranoside salts and compositions, methods of making, and uses thereof |
WO2020131578A2 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-25 | Mitopower Llc | Nicotinyl riboside compounds and their uses |
US10618927B1 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2020-04-14 | Metro International Biotech, Llc | Compositions and methods for modulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
US11939348B2 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2024-03-26 | Metro International Biotech, Llc | Compositions comprising a phosphorus derivative of nicotinamide riboside and methods for modulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
WO2020257283A1 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | Mitopower Llc | Nicotinyl riboside compounds and their uses |
CA3156687A1 (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-06 | Jotiram PALKAR | Synergistic nutritional compositions for treating cerebrovascular diseases |
CN115066246A (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2022-09-16 | 雀巢产品有限公司 | 包含用于预防和治疗病毒和细菌感染的还原型烟酰胺核糖核苷的组合物和方法 |
US20230263817A1 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2023-08-24 | University Of Washington | High dose nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) precursor regimens for reduction of inflammation in human patients with preexisting inflammation |
EP4281465A1 (en) | 2021-01-19 | 2023-11-29 | Biosynth AG | Method of making nicotinamide ribofuranoside salts by salt metathesis, the crystalline form of its tosylate salt and the co-crystallized form of its chloride:iodide salt |
EP4284388A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-12-06 | Chromadex, Inc. | Ethyl cellulose based coatings for microencapsulation of nicotinamide riboside and other nicotinyl riboside compounds |
EP4346842A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2024-04-10 | Metro International Biotech, LLC | Crystalline solids of nicotinic acid mononucleotide and esters thereof and methods of making and use |
WO2023076804A1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-04 | Elysium Health Inc. | Methods for treatment of menopausal syndromes |
US20230242558A1 (en) * | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | New Frontier Bio, Inc. | Nicotinate and nicotinamide riboside-based compounds and derivatives thereof |
US20230295211A1 (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-21 | ChromaDex Inc. | Methods of producing crystalline beta nicotinamide riboside triacetate chloride |
CN115287278B (zh) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-11-10 | 武汉真福医药股份有限公司 | 一种枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶及其制备方法和抗氧化溶血栓组合物 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015014722A1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | The Queen's University Of Belfast | Methods of preparing nicotinamide riboside and derivatives thereof |
WO2015066382A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-07 | ChromaDex Inc. | Nicotinamide riboside compositions for topical use in treating skin conditions |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6288089B1 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2001-09-11 | Michael Zawada | Use of kinase inhibitors for treating neurodegenerative diseases |
US7977049B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2011-07-12 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods and compositions for extending the life span and increasing the stress resistance of cells and organisms |
CA2421269A1 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-09 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods and compositions for extending the life span and increasing the stress resistance of cells and organisms |
JP2007530417A (ja) | 2003-07-01 | 2007-11-01 | プレジデント・アンド・フェロウズ・オブ・ハーバード・カレッジ | 細胞及び生物の寿命及びストレス応答を操作するための組成物 |
US20060229265A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nicotinamide riboside and analogues thereof |
AU2006278505B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2013-01-17 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Benzothiazoles and thiazolopyridines as sirtuin modulators |
TW200916472A (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2009-04-16 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | Sirtuin modulating compounds |
TW200918542A (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2009-05-01 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | Sirtuin modulating compounds |
US8685970B2 (en) | 2008-05-01 | 2014-04-01 | GlaxoSmithKline, LLC | Quinolines and related analogs as sirtuin modulators |
BRPI0914006A2 (pt) | 2008-07-03 | 2015-10-27 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | benzimidazóis e análogos relacionados como moduladores de sirtuína |
KR101679089B1 (ko) | 2008-09-29 | 2016-11-23 | 서트리스 파마슈티컬즈, 인코포레이티드 | 시르투인 조절제로서의 크로메논 유사체 |
WO2010071853A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Thiazolopyridine sirtuin modulating compounds |
KR20120092141A (ko) | 2009-10-29 | 2012-08-20 | 서트리스 파마슈티컬즈, 인코포레이티드 | 시르투인 조절제로서의 비시클릭 피리딘 및 유사체 |
EP2768509B1 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2017-03-22 | Glaxosmithkline LLC | Substituted bicyclic aza-heterocycles and analogues as sirtuin modulators |
WO2013059594A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-25 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Substituted bicyclic aza-heterocycles and analogues as sirtuin modulators |
BR112014009518A2 (pt) | 2011-10-20 | 2017-04-25 | Glaxosmithkline Llc | aza-heterociclos bicíclicos substituídos e análogos como moduladores da sirtuína |
-
2015
- 2015-06-02 KR KR1020167036649A patent/KR20170012449A/ko unknown
- 2015-06-02 AU AU2015270130A patent/AU2015270130A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-02 EP EP15726738.6A patent/EP3149016A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-06-02 US US15/315,068 patent/US10316054B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-06-02 JP JP2016570860A patent/JP2017518306A/ja active Pending
- 2015-06-02 CN CN201580040316.6A patent/CN106536535A/zh active Pending
- 2015-06-02 WO PCT/IB2015/054181 patent/WO2015186068A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-06-02 CA CA2950727A patent/CA2950727A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-02 RU RU2016149764A patent/RU2016149764A/ru unknown
- 2015-06-02 MX MX2016015997A patent/MX2016015997A/es unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015014722A1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | The Queen's University Of Belfast | Methods of preparing nicotinamide riboside and derivatives thereof |
WO2015066382A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-07 | ChromaDex Inc. | Nicotinamide riboside compositions for topical use in treating skin conditions |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
BERNARD L. KAM ET AL.: "Synthesis of a new class of D-aldopentofuranosylamines, the 5-O-trityl-Daldopentofuranosylamines", 《CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH》 * |
BY M. JARMAN ET AL.: "4-Substituted Nicotinic Acids and Nicotinamides. Part II. The Preparation of 4-Methylnicotinamide Riboside", 《J. CHEM. SOC.》 * |
PALMARISA FRANCHETTI ET AL.: "Stereoselective synthesis of nicotinamide b-riboside and nucleoside analogs", 《BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS》 * |
SHINJI TANIMORI ET AL.: "An Efficient Chemical Synthesis of Nicotinamide Riboside (NAR) and Analogues", 《BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS》 * |
TIANLE YANG ET AL.: "Syntheses of Nicotinamide Riboside and Derivatives: Effective Agents for Increasing Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Concentrations in Mammalian Cells", 《J. MED. CHEM.》 * |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106715454A (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2017-05-24 | 格雷斯公司 | 烟酰胺核苷的结晶形式 |
CN106715454B (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2020-06-16 | 格雷斯公司 | 烟酰胺核苷的结晶形式 |
CN107428791A (zh) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-12-01 | 格雷斯公司 | 烟酰胺核苷的结晶形式 |
CN111093676A (zh) * | 2017-05-18 | 2020-05-01 | 益力舒健康公司 | 改善睡眠的方法和组合物 |
CN111315867A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-06-19 | 益力舒健康公司 | 合成烟酰胺核苷的方法 |
CN112020363A (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-12-01 | 益力舒健康公司 | 烟酰胺核苷氯化物的结晶形式 |
CN110283221A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 药源药物化学(上海)有限公司 | 杂环化合物的制备和纯化方法 |
CN110452277A (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-15 | 明特奇点医疗科技(成都)有限公司 | 一种烟酰胺核糖的制备方法 |
CN108774278A (zh) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-11-09 | 张洪喜 | 一种制备尼克酰胺核苷盐的方法 |
CN114423771A (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-04-29 | 生物合成股份公司 | 制备烟酰胺呋喃核糖苷盐的方法、烟酰胺呋喃核糖苷盐本身及其用途 |
CN111454311A (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市迪克曼科技开发有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的有机酸盐及其组合物与制备方法 |
US11505570B2 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2022-11-22 | Shenzhen Dieckmann Tech Co., Ltd | Organic acid salt of nicotinamide riboside, composition including organic acid salt, and preparation methods of organic acid salt and composition |
CN111454311B (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-19 | 深圳市迪克曼科技开发有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的有机酸盐及其组合物与制备方法 |
WO2021253362A1 (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-23 | 邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | 一种以烟酰胺为原料制备烟酰胺单核苷酸的方法 |
CN113518782A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-10-19 | 邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | 一种以烟酰胺为原料制备烟酰胺单核苷酸的方法 |
CN113518782B (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2023-09-08 | 邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | 一种以烟酰胺为原料制备烟酰胺单核苷酸的方法 |
CN111808156A (zh) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-23 | 许昌远志生物科技有限公司 | 一种β-烟酰胺核糖氯化物的晶型1A、晶型1B及其制备方法 |
CN112028954B (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-04-29 | 浩宇康宁健康科技(湖北)有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的制备方法 |
CN112028954A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 浩宇康宁健康科技(湖北)有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的制备方法 |
CN113943333A (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-18 | 广东生命源科技有限公司 | 一种氢化烟酰胺核糖的制备方法及应用 |
CN114577935A (zh) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-06-03 | 中科谱研(北京)科技有限公司 | 一种胶囊中烟酰胺核糖氯化物的分离检测方法 |
CN114933621A (zh) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-23 | 深圳市迪克曼生物科技有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖的有机酸盐及其结晶形态、制备方法与用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2950727A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
US10316054B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
EP3149016A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
RU2016149764A (ru) | 2018-07-17 |
JP2017518306A (ja) | 2017-07-06 |
MX2016015997A (es) | 2017-04-05 |
AU2015270130A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
US20170204131A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
KR20170012449A (ko) | 2017-02-02 |
WO2015186068A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106536535A (zh) | 结晶的β‑D‑烟酰胺核苷的制备和用途 | |
US10485814B2 (en) | Nicotinamide riboside analogs and pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof | |
US11633414B2 (en) | Nicotinoyl riboside compositions and methods of use | |
US20200316051A1 (en) | Tlr7/8 antagonists and uses thereof | |
US20150175645A1 (en) | Nicotinamide riboside and analogues thereof | |
US20110009496A1 (en) | Resveratrol formulations | |
TW200914437A (en) | FAAH inhibitors | |
WO2006078941A2 (en) | Novel sirtuin activating compounds and methods of use thereof | |
CN102850324A (zh) | 吲哚化合物 | |
CN101282761A (zh) | 作为sirtuin调节剂的苯并咪唑衍生物 | |
CN103055313A (zh) | 用于治疗或预防肥胖、胰岛素抵抗障碍和线粒体相关障碍的方法和相关组合物 | |
EP1914234A1 (en) | Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their use as kinase inhibitors | |
CN108472300A (zh) | 氰基噻吩并三唑并二氮杂环庚三烯及其用途 | |
WO2009158646A1 (en) | Therapeutic compunds and related methods of use | |
CN101563337A (zh) | 吲哚化合物 | |
TH132391A (th) | องค์ประกอบทางเภสัชกรรม ซึ่งประกอบรวมด้วยอนุพันธ์เบนซีนที่แทนที่ด้วยกลูโคพิราโนซิล |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20170322 |
|
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |