CN106518087B - 一种以聚硅硼氮烷为添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种以聚硅硼氮烷为添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷的制备方法,属于硅硼碳氮陶瓷制备方法技术领域。步骤一、按摩尔比和质量百分比称取立方硅粉、六方氮化硼粉、石墨粉和PBSZ作为原料备用;步骤二、将步骤一称取的原料装入球磨罐中,在氩气气氛保护下进行高能球磨即获得含有非晶Si‑B‑C‑N的陶瓷粉末;其中球料质量比为10~90:1,磨球直径为5~9mm,球磨时间为10~60h;步骤三、将步骤二获得的非晶Si‑B‑C‑N陶瓷粉末与PBSZ混合,在氩气气氛保护下进行球磨即获得SiBCN复合粉末;其中球料比为1~20:1,磨球直径为5~9mm,球磨时间为10~30h;步骤四、将步骤三获得的SiBCN复合粉末进行放电等离子烧结即获得以PBSZ为添加剂的Si‑B‑C‑N陶瓷材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以聚硅硼氮烷(PBSZ)为添加剂的硅硼碳氮(Si-B-C-N)陶瓷的制备方法,属于硅硼碳氮陶瓷制备方法技术领域。
背景技术
飞行器的鼻锥、机翼前缘、舵面、盖板、整流罩、涡轮叶片、喷管等在服役过程中都要面临严酷的高温、热震、烧蚀和气流冲刷的恶劣环境,这对高温结构材料的性能提出了更为苛刻的要求。硅硼碳氮(Si-B-C-N)陶瓷材料具有低密度、高强度、低模量、良好的热物理学性能(低热膨胀系数)以及高温性能(氧化/热震、烧蚀),成为航空航天领域中的新型高温结构以及多功能防热用候选材料。
固有的共价键结构导致原子扩散系数比较低,最终导致Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料很难实现完全致密化烧结。为改善硅硼碳氮陶瓷的烧结行为,Al、AlN、ZrO2、ZrB2等颗粒添加剂被引入硅硼碳氮陶瓷基体,这些“第二相”均不同程度地改善了硅硼碳氮陶瓷的烧结行为(梁斌等,科学通报,2015,60:236-245.)。但是,这些“异质”添加剂会恶化陶瓷材料的高温性能。“同质”添加剂有望改善Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的烧结行为,同时又不降低其高温性能。但是目前尚没有文章或者专利报道含有“同质”添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题,即纯硅硼碳氮陶瓷材料难以烧结致密,而“异质”添加剂不利于材料高温性能的问题。进而提供一种以聚硅硼氮烷为添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种以聚硅硼氮烷为添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷的制备方法,
步骤一、按摩尔比和质量百分比称取立方硅粉、六方氮化硼粉、石墨粉和PBSZ作为原料备用;
步骤二、将步骤一称取的立方硅粉、六方氮化硼粉和石墨粉装入球磨罐中,在氩气气氛保护下进行高能球磨即获得含有非晶Si-B-C-N的陶瓷粉末;其中球料质量比为10~90:1,磨球直径为5~9mm,球磨时间为10~60h;
步骤三、将步骤二获得的非晶Si-B-C-N陶瓷粉末与PBSZ混合,在氩气气氛保护下进行球磨即获得SiBCN复合粉末;其中球料比为1~20:1,磨球直径为5~9mm,球磨时间为10~30h;
步骤四、将步骤三获得的SiBCN复合粉末进行放电等离子烧结即获得以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料。
所述立方硅粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,立方硅粉的粒径为1~20μm;石墨粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,石墨粉的粒径为1~20μm;六方氮化硼粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,六方氮化硼粉的粒径为1~20μm;PBSZ为固态粉末。
所述步骤一立方硅粉、六方氮化硼粉和石墨粉原料中Si:B:C:N的摩尔比为2:1:3:1。
所述步骤二中球料质量比为20~80:1,磨球直径为6~8mm,球磨时间为15~45h。
所述步骤三中PBSZ的添加量为原料总质量的1~30wt%。
所述步骤三中球料质量比为5~15:1,磨球直径为6~8mm,球磨时间为15~25h。
所述步骤四中烧结温度为1600~2000℃,压力为30~80MPa,保温时间为2~20min。
经过对本发明方法制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料分析测试得知,以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料具有较高的密度和纯度,其密度高达2.80g/cm3,维氏硬度高达8.0GPa。以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料可以在数分钟内实现致密化烧结
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的XRD图谱。
图2为实施例2制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的表面扫描照片。
图3为实施例2制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的断口扫描照片。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明做进一步的详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
实施例1
本实施例所涉及的一种以聚硅硼氮烷为添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤进行:一、按照Si:B:C:N摩尔比为2:1:3:1的比例称取立方硅粉、六方氮化硼粉和石墨粉;其中硅粉纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;石墨粉纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;氮化硼粉纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;二、将称取的原料装入球磨罐中,在氩气气氛保护下进行高能球磨获得非晶Si-B-C-N陶瓷粉末;其中球料质量比为40:1,磨球直径为8mm,球磨时间为25h;三、将步骤二中获得的非晶Si-B-C-N陶瓷粉末与PBSZ混合,在氩气气氛保护下进行普通球磨即可获得SiBCN复合粉末;其中PBSZ的添加量为总质量的3wt%;球料比为10:1,磨球直径为8mm,球磨时间为20h;四、将步骤三中获得的复合粉体进行放电等离子烧结即可获得以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料;其中烧结温度为1750℃,压力为40MPa,保温时间为5min。
图1是实施例1制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的XRD图谱(■表示β-SiC晶相,▲表示α-SiC晶相,●BN(C)晶相),通过图1可观察到实施例1制备的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料主要由β/α-SiC和BN(C)晶相构成,这说明高温烧结过程中非晶组织发生了晶化。此外,并探测到杂质相,说明实施例1制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料具有很高的纯度。
对实施例1制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料经分析测试可知,实施例1制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的密度为2.60g/cm3,维氏硬度为5.60GPa。
实施例2
本实施例所涉及的一种以聚硅硼氮烷为添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤进行:一、按照Si:B:C:N摩尔比为2:1:3:1的比例称取立方硅粉、六方氮化硼粉和石墨粉;其中立方硅粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;石墨粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;六方氮化硼粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;二、将称取的原料装入球磨罐中,在氩气气氛保护下进行高能球磨获得非晶Si-B-C-N陶瓷粉末;其中球料质量比为35:1,磨球直径为8mm,球磨时间为30h;三、将步骤二中获得的非晶Si-B-C-N陶瓷粉末与PBSZ混合,在氩气气氛保护下进行普通球磨即可获得SiBCN复合粉末;其中PBSZ的添加量为总质量的6wt%;球料比为8:1,磨球直径为8mm,球磨时间为24h;四、将步骤三中获得的复合粉体进行放电等离子烧结即可获得以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料;其中烧结温度为1850℃,压力为50MPa,保温时间为5min。
图2是实施例2制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的表面扫描照片,通过图2可观察到实施例2制备的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的表面相对比较光滑,这说明材料的致密度相对比较高。
图3是实施例2制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的断口扫描照片,通过图3可观察到实施例2制备的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料中含有明显的亚微米级晶粒,这说明高温条件下实现了材料致密化烧结的同时,发生了非晶组织晶化以及晶粒长大现象。
对实施例2制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料经分析测试可知,实施例2制备得到的以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料的密度为2.70g/cm3,维氏硬度为7.50GPa。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式,而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (1)
1.一种以聚硅硼氮烷为添加剂的硅硼碳氮陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤一、按照Si:B:C:N摩尔比为2:1:3:1的比例称取立方硅粉、六方氮化硼粉和石墨粉;其中立方硅粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;石墨粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;六方氮化硼粉的纯度为99%~99.9%,粒径为1~20μm;
步骤二、将称取的原料装入球磨罐中,在氩气气氛保护下进行高能球磨获得非晶Si-B-C-N陶瓷粉末;其中球料质量比为35:1,磨球直径为8mm,球磨时间为30h;
步骤三、将步骤二中获得的非晶Si-B-C-N陶瓷粉末与PBSZ混合,在氩气气氛保护下进行普通球磨即可获得SiBCN复合粉末;其中PBSZ的添加量为总质量的6wt%;球料比为8:1,磨球直径为8mm,球磨时间为24h;
步骤四、将步骤三中获得的复合粉体进行放电等离子烧结即可获得以PBSZ为添加剂的Si-B-C-N陶瓷材料;其中烧结温度为1850℃,压力为50MPa,保温时间为5min。
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AU2664100A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-08-01 | Menzolit-Fibron Gmbh | Fibre-reinforced ceramic body and method for producing same |
CN101870586A (zh) * | 2010-07-07 | 2010-10-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 非晶和纳米晶的硅硼碳氮陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN102701771A (zh) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-10-03 | 东华大学 | 一种SiBNC纤维/SiBNC复合材料的制备方法 |
CN103755348A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-04-30 | 天津大学 | 硅硼碳氮陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN104529468A (zh) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-04-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 石墨烯增强硅硼碳氮陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN105152670A (zh) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-12-16 | 西北工业大学 | 一种SiC纳米线增强SiBCN陶瓷的制备方法 |
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