CN106513048A - 用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN106513048A
CN106513048A CN201610943755.4A CN201610943755A CN106513048A CN 106513048 A CN106513048 A CN 106513048A CN 201610943755 A CN201610943755 A CN 201610943755A CN 106513048 A CN106513048 A CN 106513048A
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internal olefin
hydroformylation reaction
pincerlike
rhodium
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陈华
郑学丽
吴前辉
袁茂林
付海燕
李瑞祥
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CHENGDU XINHUAYUAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明涉及材料制备方法,具体为用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂及其制备方法,由铑络合物和钳形双膦酰胺膦配体制备所得,用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应。本发明提供的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂及其制备方法和应用,提供了含三个配位点的钳形双磷配体,且其钳形双磷配体的骨架小于传统的含联苯基的双膦配体的合成,该配体修饰的催化剂用于含内烯烃结构的氢甲酰化反应时,与现有催化剂体系相比,该催化剂体系在催化特殊环状烯烃,表现出较高的活性和选择性。

Description

用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及材料制备方法,具体为用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂的制备和应用方法。
背景技术
氢甲酰化反应是指烯烃与合成气(H2+CO)在催化剂的作用下生成多一个碳的支链醛和直链醛的反应。自Otto Roelen教授1938年发现该反应以来,氢甲酰化反应已成为当今工业应用中最重要的化学反应之一。
价格、活性及稳定性是评估膦配体工业应用的重要考量因素。迄今为止,文献报道与氢甲酰化相关的配体多达数百种,但是工业中得以应用发展的却很少。较为理想的配体其合成原料应易得且价格低廉,合成途径简洁且产率高。
在烯烃的工业化生产中,经配体修饰后的Rh、Co催化剂表现出更加优异的结果。因此,对配体的改性是目前烯烃氢甲酰化研究和开发的重点。
发明内容
本发明的目的采用含三个配位点的钳形双膦配体,而且其钳形双膦配体的骨架小于传统的含联苯基或联萘基的双膦配体,使其与铑金属络合形成三齿配合物的催化剂。通过改变条件和方法,成功应用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应,获得高转化率和高选择性的醛。
本发明的技术方案:
用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,由铑络合物和钳形双膦配体制备所得,钳形双膦配体与铑络合物中金属铑的摩尔比为1-100:1;反应温度为:40-120℃,压力为:0.5-5.0Mpa;反应时间1-24h;
所述钳形双膦配体的通式为:
其中,Z为N或CH中的一种;
R1为苯基、N-吡咯基、N-吲哚基或N-咔唑基中的一种;
R2为氢、甲酯基、乙酯基、氰基、卤素、正丁基、甲基、甲氧基、乙基、乙氧基或三氟甲基中的一种。
优选的,金属铑与钳形双膦配体的摩尔比为2-30:1,反应温度60-100℃,反应时间1-10h。
进一步,上述铑化合物选自Rh(acac)(CO)2、RhCl3、[Rh(cod)Cl]2、[Rh(CO)2Cl]2、Rh(acac)(C2H4)或[Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2中的至少一种,其中,acac为乙酰丙酮,cod代表1,4-环辛二烯。
优选的,所述钳形双膦配体为:
更优选的,所述钳形双膦配体为:
用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂的制备方法,包括以下过程:
在惰性气体保护下,将铑络合物和钳形双膦配体于溶剂中搅拌混匀得到铑-钳形双膦配体催化剂;金属铑在溶剂中的浓度为5×10-4-6×10-3mol/L,更佳为1×10-3-4×10- 3mol/L。
所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃或乙腈中的至少一种。
该催化剂的制备过程可用下面反应式表示:
用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,应用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应:氢气、一氧化碳和内烯烃在溶剂中,于40-120℃反应温度下,总气体压力为0.5-5.0Mpa下在上述催化剂的作用下反应生成含有醛基的化合物,其中,内烯烃与催化剂的摩尔比例为100-10000。
所用内烯烃可为链状内烯烃、含酯基或羧基的链状内烯烃、环状烯烃或取代的环烯烃,如2-辛烯、环己烯、降冰片烯、降冰片二烯、双环戊二烯、油酸、油酸酯等。
该催化剂除用于简单内烯烃氢甲酰化反应,还可用于其他含官能团或取代基的烯烃化合物的氢甲酰化反应,如丙烯酸酯、醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯等。
上述氢甲酰化反应所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、或乙腈中的至少一种。
本发明提供的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂及其制备方法和应用,提供了具有三个配位点且小骨架的钳形双膦配体的合成,该配体修饰的催化剂用于双键在中间位置的烯烃的氢甲酰化反应时,与现有催化剂体系相比,该催化剂体系在较低温度低压下具有较好的催化活性,首次实现了通过提供含多配位点的小骨架的钳形双膦配体来提高内烯烃氢甲酰化反应活性和生成醛的选择性。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施例有助于进一步理解本发明,但不限制发明内容。
实施例1
2,2-二羟基甲基吡啶骨架的合成:
2,6-二甲酸乙酯吡啶2,6-二甲酸吡啶酯化制得:在500mL三颈瓶中加入2,6-二甲酸吡啶(28g,168mmol),随后再加入300mL乙醇将固体溶解,室温下,缓慢滴加乙酰氯(15mL,212mmol),待滴加结束后,控制反应温度为小于30℃,反应24h后,减压除去溶剂,加入30mL去离子水,用碳酸钠调节PH=7,再用50mL乙醚萃取三次,合并萃取液,加无水硫酸镁干燥2h,过滤,减压除去乙醚得白色固体,真空干燥得到30g产品,收率80.0%,熔点:42-43℃。
在500ml三颈瓶中加入(17.8g,0.08mol),并加入无水乙醇300,室温搅拌使其溶解,分批次加入NaBH4(3.6g,0.096mol),加完毕后再少量多次的加入10.7g无水氯化钙。在是室温下搅拌4h后,减压除去溶剂,加入100mL的饱和碳酸钾水溶液,再搅拌4h后,加压除去水,得到固体,用乙醇快速过柱得到10.15g的2,6-二羟基甲基吡啶。产率97.1%,熔点:114-116℃。
实施例2
钳形亚膦酰胺双膦配体的合成:
二吡咯磷氯由吡咯和三氯化磷合成:在N2或者Ar气体氛围下保护下,向250ml三颈瓶中加入无水四氢呋喃(120ml)和三氯化磷(5.3ml,0.06mol),冰浴条件下滴加吡咯(8.4ml,0.12mol)和三乙胺(25.0ml,0.18mol)的无水四氢呋喃(30ml)溶液,缓慢滴加(约1h),然后升温至室温下搅拌过夜;停止反应静置20分钟,N2气氛下过滤以除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压除去大部分溶剂四氢呋喃,剩余物通过减压蒸馏,收集80℃(0.1mmHg)条件时的产物。产物为无色油状。重量5.3g,收率45.0%。
31P NMR(166MHz,CDCl3):δ=103.63.
在100ml的三颈瓶中,加入(0.8g,5.76mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(80mg,0.65mmol)溶解于30mL经无水无氧处理后的四氢呋喃溶液指四氢呋喃)中,加10mL三乙胺,在-78℃下,加入二吡咯基氯化磷(2.27mL,11.51mmol),的四氢呋喃(15ml)溶液;滴加结束后,缓慢升到室温,继续在室温下反应4小时;静置20分钟,然后N2气氛下过滤以除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压除去溶剂四氢呋喃;得到淡黄色油状物;随后用处理后的正戊烷萃取;减压除去正戊烷烷,得到无色油状物。重量1.2g,产率:44.4%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.70(t,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=10.5Hz,2H),7.07(m,J=4.4,2.1Hz,7H),6.40(m,J=4.5,2.1Hz,7H),5.05(dd,J=10.3,3.0Hz,3H).
31P NMR(162MHz,Chloroform-d)δ113.61.
实施例3
双齿亚膦酰胺膦配体的合成:
二吲哚磷氯由三氯化磷和吲哚合成:在N2或者Ar气体氛围下,向500ml三颈瓶中分别加入无水四氢呋喃(200ml)和三氯化磷(4.4ml,0.05mol),0℃滴加吲哚(11.7g,0.1mol)和三乙胺(14ml,0.1mol)的无水四氢呋喃(50ml)溶液,2小时滴加完成后,缓慢升至室温并搅拌过夜,N2或者Ar气体氛围下过滤除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压除去大部分溶剂四氢呋喃,剩余物通过减压蒸馏,收集120℃(0.1mmHg)条件时的产物。产物为无色油状。重量11.3g,收率75.0%
在N2或者Ar气体氛围下,在100ml的三颈瓶中,加入(0.7g,5.76mmol)和DMAP(140mg,1.1mmol)溶解于50ml处理后的四氢呋喃溶液中,再加处理过的Et3N(10ml)。在-78℃下,缓慢滴加新制备的二吲哚磷氯(3.78g,12.6mmol)的四氢呋喃(20ml)。滴加完毕后,升到室温,继续在室温下反应4小时。静置20分钟,然后N2气氛下针虑以除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压除去溶剂四氢呋喃。得到淡黄色油状物。随后用处理后的正戊烷萃取。减压除去正戊烷,得到无色油状物。重量1.6g,产率42.1%。
实施例4
双齿亚膦酰胺膦配体的合成:
二咔唑磷氯由三氯化磷和咔唑合成:在N2或者Ar气体氛围下保护下,向100ml三颈瓶中加入无水四氢呋喃(40ml)和无水三乙胺(3.4ml,24.0mmol),冰浴条件下滴加三氯化磷(0.8ml,8.0mmol),继续在在0℃下,缓慢滴加咔唑(1.7g,16.0mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液,然后缓慢升温至室温下搅拌过夜。停止反应静置20分钟,N2气氛下针滤以除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压除去大部分溶剂四氢呋喃,剩余物通过减压蒸馏,收集80℃(0.1mmHg)条件时的产物。置于冰箱中静置,得到白色固体2.0g,收率62.9%。
在N2或者Ar气体氛围下,在100ml的三颈瓶中,加入(0.8g,5.76mmol)和DMAP(140mg,1.1mmol)溶解于50ml处理后的四氢呋喃溶液中,再加处理过的Et3N(10ml)。在-78℃下,缓慢滴加加入新制备的二(N-咔唑基)氯化磷(5.0g,12.67mmol)。滴加结束后,升到室温,继续在室温下反应4小时。静置20分钟,然后N2气氛下针虑以除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压除去溶剂四氢呋喃。得到淡黄色油状物。随后用处理后的正戊烷萃取。减压除去正戊烷,得到无色油状物。重量1.9g,产率38.7%。
实施例5
钳形双磷配体的合成:
联苯亚磷酰氯由三氯化磷和联苯酚合成:在N2或者Ar气体氛围下保护下,在两颈瓶中加入2..14g联苯酚,再加入20ml的三氯化磷,回流一个小时,减压抽走未反应完的三氯化磷,再加5ml甲苯,随即减压抽走,重复三次,得淡黄色油状体,立即投入下步反应。
在N2或者Ar气体氛围下,在100ml的三颈瓶中,加入(0.8g,5.76mmol)和DMAP(140mg,1.1mmol)溶解于50ml处理后的四氢呋喃溶液中,再加处理过的Et3N(10ml)。在-78℃下,缓慢滴加上述制备的联苯亚磷酰氯的四氢呋喃(20ml)。滴加结束后,升到室温,继续在室温下反应4小时。静置20分钟,然后N2气氛下针虑以除去三乙胺盐酸盐,减压除去溶剂四氢呋喃。得到淡黄色油状物。随后用处理后的正戊烷萃取。减压除去正戊烷,得到无色油状物。重量1.2g,产率37.5%。
实施例6—实施例22
用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂的应用:
在60ml高压反应釜中,依次加入Rh(acac)(CO)2(acac=乙酰丙酮)1.65mg(0.00637mmol),底物环己烯(0.7ml,6.9mmol),溶剂甲苯(2.3ml),膦配体(29.5mg,0.0559mmol);随后充入合成气置换三次,再次冲入合成气至30bar;迅速升温至所100℃并开始搅拌,计时;反应3h后结束,将高压反应釜置于冰水中快速冷却,取出反应液;氢甲酰化产物用Agilent GC-6890N气相色谱仪定量分析,毛细管柱采用SE-30,氢火焰检测器。
实施例6—实施例12的反应过程如下,配体P/Rh比如表1:
表1配体P/Rh比的筛选(实施例6-实施例12)a
实施例 P/Rh的摩尔比 转化率% 成醛率b TOF
6 0 60 100 200
7 10 75.1 100 250
8 15 83.1 100 277
9 20 94.7 100 315
10 25 93.6 100 312
11 30 92.8 100 309
12 35 82.1 100 274
a反应条件:Rh(acac)(CO)2的浓度为2.12×10-3mol/L,底物与催化剂的比例为1000,环己烯的体积为0.7mL,甲苯3mL,100℃,反应压力为3MPa,反应时间为3h。b产物中生成的醛所占摩尔百分比例。
实施例13-实施例16的反应过程如下,反应为温度的筛选如表2:
表2反应为温度的筛选(实施例13-实施例16)a
实施例 温度 转化率% 成醛率b TOF
13 80 38.9 100 130
14 90 80.1 100 267
15 100 94.7 100 316
16 110 96.6 100 322
a反应条件:Rh(acac)(CO)2的浓度为2.12×10-3mol/L,底物与催化剂的比例为1000,环己烯的体积为0.7mL,甲苯3mL,反应压力为3MPa,反应时间为3h。b产物中生成的醛所占摩尔百分比例。
实施例17-实施例19的反应过程如下,反应为压力的筛选如表3:
表3反应为压力的筛选(实施例17-实施例19)a
实施例 压力 时间 转化率% 成醛率b TOF
17 2 4 85.9 100 215
18 3 3 94.7 100 316
19 4 2 93.9 100 470
a反应条件:Rh(acac)(CO)2的浓度为2.12×10-3mol/L,底物与催化剂的比例为1000,环己烯的体积为0.7mL,甲苯3mL,反应温度为100℃。b产物中生成的醛所占摩尔百分比例。
实施例17-实施例19的反应过程如下,反应为底物与催化剂的摩尔比例的筛选如表4:
表4底物与催化剂的摩尔比的筛选(实施例20-实施例22)a
实施例 底物与催化剂的摩尔比例 时间 转化率% 成醛率b TOFc
20 1000 3 94.7 100 316
21 2000 4 72.6 100 363
22 3000 4 68.1 100 511
a反应条件:Rh(acac)(CO)2的浓度为2.12×10-3mol/L,环己烯的体积为0.7mL,甲苯3mL,反应温度为100℃,反应压力3MPa。b产物中生成的醛所占摩尔百分比例。c成醛率(mol)/Rh(mol)×时间(h)。
实施例23
钳形双磷亚膦酰胺配体催化环己烯的氢甲酰化反应:
在60ml高压反应釜中,依次加入Rh(acac)(CO)2(acac=乙酰丙酮)1.65mg(0.00637mmol),底物环己烯0.7ml(6.9mmol),溶剂甲苯(2.3ml),钳形双磷亚膦酰胺配体(9.1mg,0.015mmol)。随后充入合成气置换三次,再次冲入合成气至30bar。迅速升温至所100℃并开始搅拌,计时。反应3h后结束,将高压反应釜置于冰水中快速冷却,取出反应液。氢甲酰化产物用Agilent GC-6890N气相色谱仪定量分析。转化率92.0%,醛的选择性为100%。
实施例24
钳形双磷配体催化环己烯的氢甲酰化反应:
在60ml高压反应釜中,依次加入Rh(acac)(CO)2(acac=乙酰丙酮)1.65mg(0.00637mmol),底物环己烯0.7ml(6.9mmol),溶剂甲苯(2.3ml),钳形双磷亚膦酰胺配体(18.1mg,0.038mmol)。随后充入合成气置换三次,再次冲入合成气至30bar。迅速升温至所100℃并开始搅拌,计时。反应3h后结束,将高压反应釜置于冰水中快速冷却,取出反应液。氢甲酰化产物用Agilent GC-6890N气相色谱仪定量分析。转化率91.2.%,醛的选择性为100%。
实施例25-29
钳形双磷亚膦酰胺(或亚膦酸酯)膦配体催化降冰片二烯烯氢甲酰化反应:
表5降冰片二烯的氢甲酰化反应(实施例24-实施例29)a
实施例 配体 转化率b 单醛%b 双醛(%)c 加氢产物d
25 1 97.9 0.6 97.1 2.3
26 2 99.9 1.8 96.7 1.5
27 3 99.9 2.3 96.2 1.5
28 4 99.9 3.6 95.4 1.0
29 5 99.9 2.3 96.7 1.0
a反应条件:Rh(acac)(CO)2的浓度为2.12×10-3mol/L,底物与催化剂的比例为1000,降冰片二烯的体积为0.7mL,甲苯2.3mL,100℃,反应压力为2MPa,反应时间为1h。b产物中生成的单醛所占摩尔百分比例;c产物中生成的双醛所占摩尔百分比例;d产物中生成的加氢产物所占摩尔百分比例。
实施例30-实施例34
钳形双亚膦酰胺(或亚膦酸酯)膦配体催化双环戊二烯氢甲酰化反应a
表6双环戊二烯氢甲酰化反应(实施例30-实施例34)a
实施例 配体 转化率b 单醛%b 双醛(%)c 加氢产物d
30 1 99.9 0.2 98.4 1.4
31 2 99.9 26.6 71.1 2.3
32 3 99.9 3.5 92.9 3.6
33 4 99.9 7.6 89.1 3.3
34 5 99.9 3.2 94.2 3.6
a反应条件:Rh(acac)(CO)2的浓度为2.12×10-3mol/L,底物与催化剂的比例为1000,双环戊二烯的质量0.85g,甲苯3mL,100℃,反应压力为5MPa,反应时间为9h。b产物中生成的单醛所占摩尔百分比例;c产物中生成的双醛所占摩尔百分比例;d产物中生成的加氢产物所占摩尔百分比例。

Claims (8)

1.用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,其特征在于:由铑化合物和钳形双膦配体制备所得,钳形双膦配体与铑络合物中金属铑的摩尔比为1-100:1;
所述钳形双膦配体的通式为:
其中,Z为N或CH中的一种;
R1为苯基、N-吡咯基、N-吲哚基、N-咔唑基中的一种;
R2为氢、甲酯基、乙酯基、氰基、卤素、正丁基、甲基、甲氧基、乙基、乙氧基或三氟甲基中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的金属铑与钳形双膦配体的摩尔比为1:2-30。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的铑化合物为Rh(acac)(CO)2、RhCl3、[Rh(cod)Cl]2、[Rh(CO)2Cl]2、Rh(acac)(C2H4)或[Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2中的至少一种,其中,acac为乙酰丙酮,cod代表1,4-环辛二烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,其特征在于:所述钳形双膦配体为:
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,其特征在于:所述钳形双膦配体为:
6.根据权利要求1到5所述的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下过程:
在惰性气体保护下,将铑络合物和钳形双膦配体于溶剂中搅拌混匀得到铑-钳形双膦配体催化剂;金属铑在溶剂中的浓度为5×10-4-6×10-3mol/L。
所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃或乙腈中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂,其特征在于,用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应:氢气、一氧化碳和内烯烃在溶剂中,于40-120℃反应温度下,总气体压力为0.5-5.0Mpa下,在上述催化剂的作用下反应生成含有醛基的化合物,其中,内烯烃与催化剂的摩尔比例为100-10000。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所用内烯烃为链状内烯烃、含酯基或羧基的链状内烯烃、环状烯烃或取代的环烯烃。
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CN111318307A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2020-06-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司 催化剂组合物及其应用和醋酸乙烯酯氢甲酰化的方法
CN110215919A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2019-09-10 浙江大学 一种高分散负载型催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN110423250A (zh) * 2019-08-13 2019-11-08 成都欣华源科技有限责任公司 用于催化不饱和油酯氢甲酰化的钳形双膦配体、其催化剂及催化剂的制备方法与应用
CN112892601A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-04 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种由3-环己烯-1-甲醛制备1,4-环己烷二甲醛的方法
CN113351249A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2021-09-07 四川大学 一种催化内烯烃氢甲酰化制醛的催化体系
CN113351249B (zh) * 2021-04-29 2023-02-03 四川大学 一种催化内烯烃氢甲酰化制醛的催化体系
CN114931961A (zh) * 2022-06-10 2022-08-23 万华化学集团股份有限公司 一种氢甲酰化催化剂及其应用
CN114931961B (zh) * 2022-06-10 2024-02-27 万华化学集团股份有限公司 一种氢甲酰化催化剂及其应用
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