CN106491787A - 一种艾膏灸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种艾膏灸及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106491787A CN106491787A CN201611010969.2A CN201611010969A CN106491787A CN 106491787 A CN106491787 A CN 106491787A CN 201611010969 A CN201611010969 A CN 201611010969A CN 106491787 A CN106491787 A CN 106491787A
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Abstract
本发明涉及外用中药领域。本发明的一种艾膏灸,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:膏药基质8‑14份,矿物质黄泥粉30‑50份,透皮渗透剂1‑2份,中草药混合物3‑5份,艾叶精油1‑2份,三乙醇胺1.5‑2.5份,水12‑20份。本发明采用中医传统的外治理论,选取多种袪风除湿,通络活血的药物精心配伍有极强的开窍通闭醒神通络作用,并且利用现代医药加工的乳化技术对草药进行加工,使草药在乳液内高度分散后,再与矿物质黄泥粉共同进行研磨,使药膏内的有效成份高度释放,极大的提高了药物的有效利用率,使药效更加显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及外用中药领域,特别涉及一种艾膏灸及其制备方法。
背景技术
敷药疗法历史悠久,源远流长,是中医药学宝库中的瑰宝,亦是中医外治法的重要组成部分。先古人类在长期的生活实践中发现,用一些植物或加热的石块、沙土等,敷于身体某些部位,可以减轻或消除机体的一些病痛,这就是敷药疗法的起源。我国历代医著及相关书籍中逐渐有了关于敷药疗法的记载。我国现存最早的医方书《五十二病方》中载有用地胆等外敷治病的方法,《灵枢•经脉篇》载有治筋急的马膏膏法,《周礼•天官》载有外敷药物治疗疮疡,《肘后备急方》载有将生地黄或瓜蒌捣烂外敷治伤等。我国现存最早的外科专著《刘涓子鬼遗方》,全书收方151首,其中就有6首外敷药方。其后各代,敷药疗法均有发展,至清代《理瀹骈文》的问世,标志着外治法这一中医学分支学科的发展与成熟。其中,敷药疗法内容占有很大比重,该书外治理、法、方、药俱全,并提出了“外治之理,即内治之理”的重要论断,治疗范围涉及内、外、妇、儿、五官、皮肤科等疾病。中药外敷法是以中医学为理论基础,根据不同的病证,选择相应的药物,制成膏、丹、丸、散、糊、锭等制剂,敷于相应的体表部位或穴位上,通过药物的经皮吸收或对体表部位及穴位的刺激,来调节人体气血津液、经络脏腑等的功能,达到防病治病的目的。药泥疗法是中医古老灸疗法的延伸,其涵义是温灼和熨烫,属温敷范畴,也是中医外敷疗法中的一种,它是外敷疗法与药泥相结合的一种体现方式,药泥疗法整合了外敷疗法的优点,以及药泥可随意贴敷身体的任何部位,具有活血、祛风除湿、迅速打通人体经络,将人体内的风寒湿邪逼出体外,达到快速治愈顽疾等特性。
近年来随着现代人们工作和生活习惯的改变,一些慢性病的发病率在逐年升高,,在我国传统的中医理论中,认为此类慢性疼痛原因是“不通则痛”,是指某种或某些致病因素侵袭人体使其经络、脏腑之气机闭阻,血脉瘀滞不通而引起的痛症而言。“不通则痛”作为实痛的基本病理,早在《黄帝内经》就有这方面的论说。《素问举痛论》首推“不通则痛”。论云:“寒气入经而稽迟,泣而不行,客于脉外则血少,客于脉中则气不通,故卒然而痛” 。“热气留于小肠,肠中痛,瘅热焦渴,则坚不得出,故痛而闭不通唉”。即实邪与气血相博,脏腑经络失调,气血运行不畅,不通则痛。人身经脉流行,气机环转,上下内外,无有已时,外护卫表,內贯于脏,发挥其循行捍卫的作用。血则随气运行,出入升降,循环无端,外而周身四肢,内而五脏六腑,发挥其营运燸养的作用。因而气之与血,气行则血行,如影之随形是不可分离的,气所到之处即血到之处,共同维护正常的生理功能。当各种致病因素作用于人体,使经脉流行失常,气血运行失调,宣滞不通,故而产生疼痛。因经脉失常,气血运行失调引起的实症病很多,包括颈椎病,肩周炎,腱鞘炎,腰间盘突出,腰肌劳损,骨质增生、软组织损伤以及一些慢性疾病。
目前西医对上述慢性疾病的治疗手段很少,多采用止痛、消炎甚至手术的方法强行矫治,此类治疗方法治标不治本,在消除了症状的同时掩盖了疾病产生的真实原因,治疗后复发率极高,并且因为西药通过胃吸收,肝解毒,肾解析,副作用大,治标不治本,还容易产生各种并发症。
中医对于慢性病的治疗有自已的理论基础,中医学以阴阳五行作为理论基础,将人体看成是气、形、神的统一体,通过“望闻问切”四诊合参的方法,探求病因、病性、病位、分析病机及人体内五脏六腑、经络关节、气血津液的变化、判断邪正消长,进而得出病名,归纳出证型,以辨证论治原则,制定“汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消”等治法,使用中药、外敷治疗、针灸、推拿、按摩、拔罐、气功、食疗等多种治疗手段,使人体达到阴阳调和而康复。其中中医外治是以突出“中医外治”为特色的中医药学术,中医外治疗效独特、作用迅速、历史悠久,具有简、便、廉、验之特点,治疗范围遍及内、外、妇、儿、骨伤、皮肤、五官、肛肠等科,与内治法相比,具有“殊途同归,异曲同工”之妙,对“不肯服药之人,不能服药之症”,尤其对危重病症,更能显示出其治疗之独特,故有“良丁不废外治”之说。采用中医外治疗法治疗疾病,通过“皮肤吃药”、内病外治,其毒副作用小,肝肾受损少,不伤肠胃。目前采用的外治法多使用膏药或者草药捣碎后直接外敷,由于是在体表施治,有效成份不易穿透皮肤屏障,而且传统加工方法一般都是研磨捣碎再使用,由于加工方式问题,有效成份释放出来的较少,影响了治疗效果。此外,市面上流通的一些传统膏药还含有广丹、朱砂等重金属成份,对人体危害很大。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种施于人体穴位以及皮肤的艾膏灸。和现有技术相比,本发明提供的艾膏灸,按照中医外治疗法理论对草药进行配伍,同时利用现代医药加工的乳化技术对草药进行加工,使草药内的有效成份高度释放,极大的提高了药物的有效利用率,经临床检验,治疗效果极佳。本发明通过对药物配方的优化,配方内不含任何重金属化合物,避免了传统外敷膏药对人体的危害。泥药涂敷于患处后,高度分散的有效成份在透皮渗透剂的作用下,能够直接渗透到脏腑,作用于患病部位,能通经活络,活血清淤,激生正气,健脾益肾,还能作用于穴位上,起到扶正培元,强脾健胃的作用,对各种慢性病也有显著疗效。为实现以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种艾膏灸,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:膏药基质8-14份,矿物质黄泥粉30-50份,透皮渗透剂1-2份,中草药混合物3-5份,艾叶精油1-2份,三乙醇胺1.5-2.5份,水12-20份;所述膏药基质,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:蜂蜡18-40份,香油12-38份,松香12-25份,凡士林25-50份,火山矿物泥12-38份,水10-40份,远红外陶瓷粉1-2份,薄荷脑1.5-4份,樟脑1.5-3份,滑石粉5-8份;所述透皮渗透剂,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:羊毛脂或羊毛脂衍生物30-45份,冰片20-30份,月桂氮卓酮10-20份,精油20-30份,水杨酸10-20份;所述中草药混合物,以重量份数计,其制备原料至少包括:艾叶8-12份,红花2-4份,益母草1-3份,当归4-10 份,赤芍1-4份,独一味4-8份,红景天2-4份,栀子2-6份,硫磺2-4份,乳香2-6份,没药2-4份,独活3-6份,生川乌1-2份,生草乌1-2份,红藤6-10份,五加皮4-6份,黄柏2-4份,威灵仙2-6份,透骨草2-4份,海风藤1-3份,防风5-10份,人工麝香0.2-0.4份。进一步的,所述中草药混合物中各物质及其在中草药混合物中的重量份数为:艾叶9-11份,红花3-4份,益母草2-3份,当归5-8 份,赤芍2-3份,独一味5-7份,红景天 3-4份,栀子3-5份,硫磺3-4份,乳香3-5份,没药3-4份,独活4-5份,生川乌1-2份,生草乌1-2份,红藤7-9份,五加皮5-6份,黄柏3-4份,威灵仙4-5份,透骨草3-4份,海风藤2-3份,防风6-8份,人工麝香0.3-0.4份。进一步的,所述中草药混合物中各物质及其在中草药混合物中的重量份数为:艾叶10份,红花3份,益母草2份,当归7 份,赤芍2.5份,独一味6份,红景天3份,栀子4份,硫磺3份,乳香4份,没药3份,独活4.5份,生川乌1份,生草乌1份,红藤8份,五加皮5份,黄柏3份,威灵仙4份,透骨草3份,海风藤2份,防风7.5份,人工麝香0.3份,进一步的,所述透皮渗透剂中的精油选自薄荷油、松节油、桉油、枫香油、玫瑰油中的一种或数种;进一步的,所述膏药基质中远红外陶瓷粉的粒径在20-250微米之间,所述滑石粉的粒径在40-90微米之间;进一步的,所述羊毛脂衍生物为羊毛醇或羊毛脂酸;本发明还提供了如上所述的艾膏灸的制备方法,其制作步骤如下:
第一步:确定泥药的用量后,将膏药基配方中的所有物料按比例称取后放置备用;
第二步:将蜂蜡、水置入加热容器内,置于文火上加热;
第三步:待蜂蜡和医用黄蜡完全熔化以后,加入香油,边加热边搅拌,直至水分蒸干为止;
第四步:向第三步加工好的熔融物中加入松香和凡士林,直至物料完全融合;
第五步:将透皮渗透剂的物料混匀,与远红外陶瓷粉、薄荷脑、樟脑、滑石粉以及火山矿物泥同时加入第四步制成的融合物内,搅拌均匀,得到膏体;
第六步:将艾叶精油与三乙醇胺混匀,加入水剧烈搅拌制成初乳,将初乳置于乳化机中强力乳化为高度分散的乳剂;
第七步:将中草药混合物中除人工麝香以外的其它药物打粉后过120目筛,药粉的筛下物与第六步制得的乳剂混合均匀,加入矿物质黄泥后研磨得到药膏。
本发明的积极有益效果在于:本发明采用中医传统的外治理论,选取艾叶、红花、益母草、当归、赤芍、独一味、红景天、栀子、硫磺、乳香、没、独活、生川乌、生草乌、红藤、五加皮、黄柏、威灵仙、透骨草、海风藤、防风等袪风除湿,通络活血的药物精心配伍,并且加入了名贵药材人工麝香,有极强的开窍通闭醒神通络作用,并且利用现代医药加工的乳化技术对草药进行加工,使草药在乳液内高度分散后,再与矿物质黄泥粉共同进行研磨,使药膏内的有效成份高度释放,极大的提高了药物的有效利用率,使药效更加显著。配方中的火山矿物泥、矿物质黄泥粉不仅仅是作为载体向人体内输送营养活性成分,更能向人体补充微量元素,改善人体新陈代谢与脂类代谢,增强血液循环能力,远红外陶瓷粉能够辐射出比正常物体更多的远红外线,远红外作用于皮肤后,大部分能量被皮肤所吸收,被吸收的能量转化为热能,引起皮温升高,使血管扩张,血液循环加快。可以增加细胞的活力,调整神经液机体,加强新陈代谢,具有消炎、消肿功能,也更利于药力的扩散及作用。本发明中采用的透皮渗透剂中使用了一定比例的水杨酸,水杨酸的作用是软化角质层,能进一步提高透皮渗透剂的作用,与高度分散的草药乳剂结合,治疗效果远高于传统膏药。
具体实施方式
除非另有限定,本文使用的所有技术以及科学术语具有与本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。当存在矛盾时,以本说明书中的定义为准。
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时,这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围,而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如,当公开了范围“1至5”时,所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1至4”、“1至3”、“1-2”、“1-2和4-5”、“1-3和5”等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时,除非另外说明,否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。
本发明所述的艾膏灸是指含有艾叶精油的可热敷于人体患处或穴位的外用药泥。
一种艾膏灸,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:
膏药基质 8-14份
矿物质黄泥粉 30-50份
透皮渗透剂 1-2份
中草药混合物 3-5份
艾叶精油 1-2份
三乙醇胺 1.5-2.5份
水 12-20份。
矿物质能量黄泥粉:内含丰富的钠、钾、钙、镁等矿物离子及三十多种对人体有益的微量元素,干涸收缩时,对皮肤产生的压力有一定的吸附作用。可将皮肤表面代谢产物、尘埃物质等吸附清洁出表皮,并收缩被清理干净的毛孔,促进血液循环,激活细胞的再生活力,有助于皮肤修复,使黯淡无光的肌肤重现靓丽光彩。并且泥质细腻柔滑,具有“活化细胞”的疗效,从而达到排毒养颜,美容、护肤。
所含成份:高矿物质成分的钾、钠、镁、碘、钙、溴化物和锂、锶等微量元素
功效及用途:有改善细胞矿物质的均衡,平衡体内细胞矿物质的份量;亦有舒缓肌肤的作用,并能协助细胞再生,增强新陈代谢作用,提供运送养分子进出细胞表面薄膜的能源。
矿物质能量黄泥粉经销商:广州胜欣化工科技有限公司,也可以购自其它品牌。
艾叶精油:本品为菊科植物艾的干叶或鲜叶中所含挥发油,其主要有效成分为蒲品烯醇-4与α-萜品烯醇。为浅黄色透明液体,具有艾草特有的香气,艾叶精油有温肌散寒、疏风解表、温经通络、活血散瘀、温中活里、强脏壮腑、温阴补虚、回阳固脱、行气活血、消火化淤的功效。
艾叶精油经销商:江西雪松天然药用油有限公司,广州欧兰区化妆品厂,也可以购买自其它品牌
三乙醇胺:化学式:(HOCH2CH2)3N,无色至淡黄色透明粘稠液体,微有氨味,低温时成为无色至淡黄色立方晶系晶体。露置于空气中时颜色渐渐变深。易溶于水、乙醇、丙酮、甘油及乙二醇等,微溶于苯、乙醚及四氯化碳等,在非极性溶剂中几乎不溶解。在化妆品(包括皮肤洗涤、眼胶、保湿、洗发剂等)中用作乳化剂、保湿剂、增湿剂、增稠剂、PH平衡剂。在化妆品配方中用于与脂肪酸中和成皂,与硫酸化脂肪酸中和成胺盐。三乙醇胺是乳膏制剂中常用乳化剂,用三乙醇胺乳化的乳膏产品具有膏体细腻,膏体亮白的特点。本品为常用化工产品,在各地化工市场均可购得,质量以日本及美国产的为佳。
配方中所述膏药基质,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:
蜂蜡 18-40份
香油 12-38份
松香 12-25份
凡士林 25-50份
火山矿物泥 12-38份
水 10-40份
远红外陶瓷粉 1-2份
薄荷脑 1.5-4份
樟脑 1.5-3份
滑石粉 5-8份。
蜂蜡:蜂蜡是工蜂腹部下面四对蜡腺分泌的物质。其主要成分有:酸类、游离脂肪酸、游离脂肪醇和碳水化合物。此外,还有类胡萝卜素、维生素A、芳香物质。
经销商:沧州森林蜡业有限公司,上海悦冠实业有限公司,上海禧南商贸公司,也可以购买自其它品牌。
香油:是从芝麻中提炼出来的植物油,含油酸35.0-49.4%,亚油酸37.7-48.4%,花生酸0.4-1.2%,含有特别丰富的维生素E和比较丰富的亚油酸。
经销商:金龙鱼、福临门、鲁花等食用油厂商。
松香:以松树松脂为原料,通过不同的加工方式得到的非挥发性天然树脂。味苦甘,性温,具有祛风燥湿,排脓拔毒,生肌止痛的功效。本实施例中使用松香的粒径为300-900目。
经销商:郑州松泰化工有限公司,河南博达商贸有限公司,也可购自其它品牌。
凡士林:本实施例中所用凡士林为医用凡士林,为白色无臭膏状物。
经销商:抚顺盛威石化产品销售有限公司、郑州长兴化工原料有限公司,也可以购自其它品牌。
火山矿物泥:火山泥是火山的产物,是以火山玻璃为主要成分的深灰到黑色的无黏性泥。火山泥蕴含三十多种微量元素和矿物质:硅、铝、镁、钙、铁、钛、硫、磷、钠、铜、锌、硒、钴、锰、钼等。在医疗理疗领域是一款多功能的疗效型护理产品,可以作用于面部、手部、足部、身体、头发等部位,其对面部和身体功效:深层清洁,去角质,控油、收缩毛孔,提亮肤色、柔软肌肤、增加肌肤的弹性及紧实度,缓解压力及精神紧张。火山泥具有无数极细小孔,比表面积极大,利用物理原理吸附皮脂的方法,能有效吸走毛孔内的污垢。此外,火山泥富含钾、钠、硫磺以及多种天然矿物成分,能呈现优秀的保湿、弹力和镇静舒缓效果。
火山矿物泥品牌:金源。
火山矿物泥生产厂商:河北省灵寿市金源矿业
远红外陶瓷粉:远红外陶瓷粉是一种白色粉末,由多种物质混合而成。远红外陶瓷粉能够辐射出比正常物体更多的远红外线(红外辐射率更高)为主要特征功能。远红外线对人体保健原理: 激活了生物大分子的活性。使生物体的分子能够被激发而处于较高振动状态。这样使激活了核酸蛋白质等生物大水分子的活性,从而发挥了生物大分子调节机体代谢、免疫等活动的功能,有利于机能的恢复和平衡,达到防病治病的目的. 促进和改善血液循环。远红外作用于皮肤后,大部分能量被皮肤所吸收,被吸收的能量转化为热能,引起皮温升高,刺激皮肤内热感觉器,通过丘脑反射,使血管扩张,血液循环加快。另一方面由于热作用,引起血管活性物质的释放,血管张力低,浅小动脉、浅毛细管和浅静脉扩张,血液循环得以改善,通过中国医学科学院血液病研究所检测,20分钟可使微循环血流量提高114%。增强新陈代谢。通过远红外热效应、可以增加细胞的活力,调整神经液机体,加强新陈代谢,使体内外的物质交换处于平稳状态,具有消炎、消肿功能。远红外的热作用通过神经液的回答反应,激活了免疫细胞功能,加强了白细胞和网状内皮细胞的吞噬功能,达到消炎抑菌的目的,并且增强了组织营养、活跃了组织代谢、提高了细胞供氧量,加强了细胞再生能力、改善了病区的供血氧状态、控制了炎症的发展并使其局限化,加速了病灶修复。远红外的热效应,改善了微循环、建立了侧枝循环、调节了离子的深度、促进了有毒物质的代谢、废物的排泄、加速了渗出物质的吸收、使炎症水肿消退。
经销商:郑州生裕化工有限公司。
本实施例中使用医药级远红外陶瓷粉,优选的远红外陶瓷粉的粒径在20-250微米之间。
薄荷脑:一种化学药剂,薄荷脑系由薄荷的叶和茎中所提取,白色晶体,分子式C10H20O,为薄荷和欧薄荷精油中的主要成分。薄荷脑可用作牙膏、香水、饮料和糖果等的赋香剂,在医药上用作刺激药,作用于皮肤或粘膜,有清凉止痒作用,内服可作为驱风药,用于头痛及鼻;咽;喉炎症等。
经销商:江西雪松天然药用油有限公司,江西鑫森天然植物油有限公司,也可购自其它品牌。
樟脑:樟脑为樟科植物樟的枝、干、叶及根部, 经提炼制得的颗粒状结晶。樟脑具有通关窍、利滞气、辟秽浊、杀虫止痒、消肿止痛的功效,主治疥癣瘙痒、跌打伤痛、牙痛等症状。
经销商:江西赣南天然香料油有限公司,江西吉水大兴天然香料油厂,也可购自其它品牌。
滑石粉:滑石粉为硅酸镁盐类矿物滑石族滑石,主要成分为含水硅酸镁,经粉碎后,用盐酸处理,水洗,干燥而成,为白色或类白色、微细、无砂性的粉末,手摸有油腻感。无臭,无味,在水、稀矿酸或稀氢氧化碱溶液中均不溶解,可作药用。
经销商:江阴市广源超微粉有限公司,临沂光洁滑石粉有限公司,也可购自其它品牌。
本实施例中使用化妆品级滑石粉,优选的滑石粉的粒径在40-90微米之间。
配方中的透皮渗透剂,以重量份计,其制备原料包括:
羊毛脂或羊毛脂衍生物 30-45份
冰片 20-30份
月桂氮卓酮 10-20份
精油 20-30份
水杨酸 10-20份。
羊毛脂:羊毛脂是附着在羊毛上的一种分泌油脂,主要成分是甾醇类、脂肪醇类和三萜烯醇类与大约等量的脂肪酸所生成的酯,约占95%,还含有游离醇4%,并有少量的游离脂肪酸和烃类物质。羊毛脂是白色或浅黄色至深棕色膏状半透明体,可以让皮肤光滑柔嫩,是优良的滋润性物质。可使因缺少天然水分而干燥或粗糙的皮肤软化并得到恢复。它可以通过水分透过表皮层来维持皮肤通常的含水量,能使主药迅速被粘膜及皮肤吸收,有附着力,性质稳定,且能吸水,不易酸败。羊毛脂衍生物包括羊毛醇,羊毛脂酸,纯羊毛蜡,乙酰化羊毛蜡,乙酰化羊毛醇,聚氧乙烯氢化羊毛脂等。羊毛醇为淡黄色至浅棕色蜡状固体,略有气味,不溶于水,性能比羊毛脂好,广泛用于各类化妆品中,如婴儿制品,干性皮肤护肤品,膏霜,乳液等。
羊毛脂及羊毛脂衍生物经销商:河南晨升化工产品有限公司,上海昊化化工有限公司,也可购自其它品牌。
冰片:冰片是由樟科植物龙脑樟枝叶经水蒸汽蒸馏并重结晶而得,为半透明似梅花瓣块状、片状或粉末状的结晶体类白色至淡灰棕色,冰片能增加药物利用度,增加药物的透皮吸收量,而且冰片有芳香开窍的作用,能促进药物的吸收。
冰片经销商:江西雪松天然药用油有限公司,吉水金康天然香料厂,也可购自其它品牌。
月桂氮卓酮:化学名:1-正十二烷基氮杂环庚-2-酮,为无色透明的粘稠液体,几乎无臭,无味。为非极性透皮促进剂,它可使角质软化,增强通透性,使药物透过皮肤屏障,提高局部或全身血药浓度,提高药物的生物利用度。对亲脂性亲水性药物均有透皮促进作用。
月桂氮卓酮经销商:南京道斯夫生物科技有限公司,上海源叶生物,也可购自其它品牌。
透皮渗透剂中的精油选自薄荷油、松节油、桉油、枫香油、玫瑰油中的一种或数种。
薄荷油:分子式为C11H9N3O2Na,为淡黄色或淡草绿色液体。稍遇冷即凝成固体。呈强烈薄荷香气和清凉的微苦味,具有清凉、驱风、消炎、镇痛和兴奋的作用。
松节油:松节油是以富含松脂的松树为原料,通过蒸馏方法得到的挥发性具有芳香气味的萜烯混合液。其主要成分是a-蒎烯,其次是b-蒎烯,苎烯等。还有少量的倍半萜烯,即长叶烯和石竹烯,是透明无色具有芳香味的液体,本品作用于皮肤穿透力很强,能渗入深部组织而呈刺激作用,促进血液循环,并兼有消毒作用。还对肌肉痛或关节痛具有一定疗效。
枫香油:是由金缕梅科植物枫香树的干燥树脂中提取出来的挥发油,主要成分为异松油烯,属于单环单萜类化合物,枫香油的主要作用是通过改变皮肤的理化性质及皮肤的正常生理结构,增加其通透性。还能改变药物在皮肤和介质间的分配,从而影响药物的透皮效果。
桉油:本品为桃金娘科植物蓝桉.、樟科植物樟或上述两科同属其他植物经水蒸气蒸镏得到的挥发油,本品为无色或微黄色的澄清液体;有特异的芳香气,主要作用为祛风止痛,对于皮肤瘙痒及神经痛具有一定疗效。
玫瑰油:是将玫瑰花加入有机溶剂提炼的玫瑰精油,为无色至黄色液体,25℃时为黏性液体。具浓郁的玫瑰花香气,玫瑰油含有近300种成分。主要有香茅醇、香叶醇、橙花醇、苯乙醇、芳樟醇、金合欢醇、丁香酚、丁香酚甲醚、玫瑰醚、橙花醚、玫瑰呋喃等,含有丰富的天然维生素C、GLA、蛋白质、矿物质等。具有非常显著的美容护肤作用,能有效美白、柔软肌肤,抚平细纹,预防皱纹,能促进皮肤再生、令肌肤保持弹性与光泽。适合各种肤质,对皮肤干燥、色斑、疤痕、创伤、烧烫伤、晒伤、湿疹、老化皮肤皆有极佳功效。
所述薄荷油、松节油、桉油、枫香油、玫瑰油的经销商有:江西雪松天然药用油有限公司,广州芳道化妆品科技有限公司,广州果漾生物科技有限公司,也可购自其它品牌。
水杨酸:水杨酸即邻羟基苯甲酸,化学式为C7H6O3, 为白色针状晶体或毛状结晶性粉末,水杨酸可以软化角质层,能使角质脱落,减少毛孔堵塞,可软化去除角质囊顶,使皮肤光滑度得到改善,还有祛除汗臭、止痒消肿、止痛消炎等功能。水杨酸属于常用化工产品,在各地化工市场均可购得。
作为本发明的一种技术方案,所述中草药混合物,以重量份数计,其制备原料至少包括:艾叶8-12份,红花2-4份,益母草1-3份,当归4-10 份,赤芍1-4份,独一味4-8份,红景天2-4份,栀子2-6份,硫磺2-4份,乳香2-6份,没药2-4份,独活3-6份,生川乌1-2份,生草乌1-2份,红藤6-10份,五加皮4-6份,黄柏2-4份,威灵仙2-6份,透骨草2-4份,海风藤1-3份,防风5-10份,人工麝香0.2-0.4份。进一步的,作为优选的技术方案,所述中草药混合物中各物质及其在中草药混合物中的重量份数为:艾叶9-11份,红花3-4份,益母草2-3份,当归5-8份,赤芍2-3份,独一味5-7份,红景天3-4份,栀子3-5份,硫磺3-4份,乳香3-5份,没药3-4份,独活4-5份,生川乌1-2份,生草乌1-2份,红藤7-9份,五加皮5-6份,黄柏3-4份,威灵仙4-5份,透骨草3-4份,海风藤2-3份,防风6-8份,人工麝香0.3-0.4份。进一步的,作为优选的技术方案,所述中草药混合物中各物质及其在中草药混合物中的重量份数为:艾叶10份,红花3份,益母草2份,当归7 份,赤芍2.5份,独一味6份,红景天3份,栀子4份,硫磺3份,乳香4份,没药3份,独活4.5份,生川乌1份,生草乌1份,红藤8份,五加皮5份,黄柏3份,威灵仙4份,透骨草 3份,海风藤2份,防风7.5份,人工麝香0.3份。
艾叶:为菊科植物艾的干燥叶,夏季花未开时采摘,除去杂质,晒干,本品多皱缩、破碎,有短柄。完整叶片展平后呈卵状椭圆形,羽状深裂,裂片椭圆状披针形,边缘有不规则的粗锯齿;上表面灰绿色或深黄绿色,有稀疏的柔毛和腺点,下表面密生灰白色绒毛,质柔软,气清香,味苦。功效为温经止血,散寒止痛;外用祛湿止痒。
红花:别名红蓝花 、刺红花,菊科、红花属植物,干燥的管状花,橙红色,花管狭细,先端5裂,裂片狭线形,花药黄色,联合成管,高出裂片之外,其中央有柱头露出。具特异香气,味微苦。以花片长、色鲜红、质柔软者为佳。功效为活血通经,散瘀止痛,有助于治经闭、痛经、恶露不行、胸痹心痛、瘀滞腹痛、胸胁刺痛、跌打损伤、疮疡肿痛疗效,有活血化瘀,散湿去肿的功效。
益母草:又名蓷、茺蔚、坤草、九重楼、云母草、森蒂,为唇形科。益母草夏季开花,其干燥地上部分为入药部位,中国大部分地区均产,在夏季生长茂盛花未全开时采摘, 味辛苦、凉,具有活血、祛淤、调经、消水的功效。
当归:别名干归、秦哪、西当归、岷当归、金当归、当归身、涵归尾、当归曲、土当归,多年生草本,高0.4-1米,花期6-7月,果期7-9月,其根入药,具有补血和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠、抗癌、抗老防老 、免疫之功效。
赤芍:为毛茛科植物赤芍或川赤芍的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖,除去根茎、须根及泥沙,晒干,味苦,性微寒,归肝经,有清热凉血,活血祛瘀的功效。
独一味:别名大巴、打布巴,唇形科独一味属唯一物种,多年生草本,高2.5-10厘米;根茎伸长,粗厚,径达1厘米,叶片常4枚,辐状两两相对,菱状圆形、菱形、扇形、横肾形以至三角形,苦,微寒,有活血祛瘀,消肿止痛之功效。
红景天:别名蔷薇红景天,为多年生草本植物,高10-20厘米,根粗壮,圆锥形,肉质,褐黄色,根颈部具多数须根,根茎短,粗状,圆柱形,被多数覆瓦状排列的鳞片状的叶。能够补气清肺,益智养心,亦有很大的美容效果。
栀子:别名黄栀子、山栀、白蟾,是茜草科植物栀子的果实,具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、止血、消肿等作用。
硫磺:硫磺别名硫、胶体硫、硫黄块,外观为淡黄色脆性结晶或粉末,有特殊臭味,味酸,性温,归肾、大肠经,外用解毒杀虫疗疮;内服补火助阳通便,外治用于疥癣,秃疮,阴疽恶疮,内服用于阳痿足冷,虚喘冷哮,虚寒便秘。
乳香:为橄榄科植物乳香树Boswellia carterii Birdw.及同属植物Boswelliabhaurdajiana Birdw.树皮渗出的树脂,呈长卵形滴乳状、类圆形颗粒或粘合成大小不等的不规则块状物。大者长达2cm(乳香珠)或5cm(原乳香)。表面黄白色,半透明,被有黄白色粉末,久存则颜色加深,质脆,遇热软化,破碎面有玻璃样或蜡样光泽,具特异香气,性辛、苦,温,归心、肝、脾经,功效活血行气止痛,消肿生肌,用于胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭,产后瘀阻,症瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡。
没药:为橄榄科植物地丁树Commiphora myrrha Engl.或哈地丁树Commiphoramolmol Engl.的干燥树脂。味辛、苦,性平,具有散瘀定痛,消肿生肌之功效,常用于胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭,产后瘀阻,癥瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡等病症的治疗。
独活:为伞形科植物重齿毛当归 Angelica pubescens Maxim.f. biserrataShan et Yuan的干燥根。味辛、苦,性微温,归肾、膀胱经,祛风除湿,痛痹止痛,用于风寒湿痹,要洗疼痛,少阴伏风头痛,风寒挟湿头痛。
生川乌:为毛茛科植物卡氏乌头AconitumcarmichaeliDebx.的母根。6月下旬至8月上旬采挖,除去子根、须根及泥沙,晒干,气微,味辛、麻舌。功效祛风除湿,温经止痛。用于风寒湿痹、关节疼痛、心腹冷痛、寒疝作痛,用于治疗风寒湿痹、关节疼痛等病症。
生草乌:为毛茛科多年生草本植物乌头(野生种)或北乌头的块根。秋季茎叶枯萎时采挖,除去须根及泥沙,干燥。我国北部地区主要取自毛茛科植物北乌头,南部地区则主要取自乌头的块根。具有祛风除湿,温经散寒,消肿止痛之功效。
红藤:别名大血藤,为木通科、大血藤属落叶、木质藤本植物,茎红褐色,根茎部位入药,有通经活络、散瘀止痛、理气行血、杀虫等功效,主治风湿痛、天气变化导致的关节酸胀、跌打损伤。
五加皮:为五加科植物细柱五加Acanthopanar gracilistμlusW.W.Smith的干燥根皮。味辛、苦,性温,有祛风湿,补益肝肾,强筋壮骨,利水消肿的作用,用于风湿痹病,筋骨痿软,小儿行迟,体虚乏力,水肿等症。
黄柏:为芸香科植物黄皮树Phellodendron chinense Schneid.的干燥树皮,习称“川黄柏”,剥取树皮后,除去粗皮,晒干,味苦,性寒,归肾、膀胱经,有清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮的功效。
威灵仙:威灵仙是毛茛科,铁线莲属多年生木质藤本,根及茎入药具有祛风湿、利尿、通经、镇痛之功效,可治疗跟骨骨刺、足跟痛、偏头疼、黄胆浮肿、鱼骨鲠喉、腰膝腿脚冷痛等。
透骨草:透骨草入药部分为植物全草,该品辛温,具祛风除湿,舒筋活络,活血止痛,解毒化疹的功效,本药外洗还有引药透入经络、血脉,而祛风、活血、止痛的特点,有活血化瘀、利尿解毒、通经透骨之功效。
海风藤:胡椒科植物风藤的干燥藤茎,味辛、苦,性微温,祛风湿,具通经络,止痹痛的功效,用于风寒湿痹,肢节疼痛,筋脉拘挛,屈伸不利。
防风:别名铜芸、回云、回草、百枝、百种,味辛、甘,性微温,有祛风解表,胜湿止痛,止痉的功效。
人工麝香:由北京联馨药业有限公司生产,该公司为国家食品药品监督管理局批准的人工麝香唯一生产企业,人工麝香同天然麝香一样,性温、无毒、味苦,入心、脾、肝经,有开窍、辟秽、通络、散淤之功能。
使用时,将上述基质与透皮渗透剂混合制得的膏体加热至化开,将药膏与膏体混合均匀,放置5-10 分钟,清洁患处后,将人工麝香均匀洒在药膏及膏体混合物的表面后摊敷在患者患处,盖上薄塑料膜,30-45分钟即可。
所述加热为采用烘、烤、蒸、微波等方法,以热传导、热对流、热辐射的方式加热。保温可以采用塑料薄膜,也可以采用其它任何可以选用的材料覆盖。
本发明所采用的火山矿物泥、陶瓷粉、松香粉、凡士林、精油、蜂蜡以及各类中草药都要经过消毒杀菌处理,消毒杀菌的方法是本领域技术人员通常采用的那些,只要使各组分达到与皮肤接触的安全标准,同时不会破坏其中的活性成分即可。
本发明在外敷药、外敷保健品领域中的应用,疼痛是人体有了病患后常见的生理反应,西医对疼痛的治疗往往采用药物止痛、理疗或者手术的方法,这种治疗方法往往见效快,但如果病因未除掉,疼痛多会复发,而且患者对药物也容易产生耐药性。我国传统医学认为疼痛产生的原因是客于脉中,经气流转受阻涩,不通则痛,以通止痛,也就是俗话说的痛则不通,实症气血淤塞于经脉,以通止痛,虚症气虚血少、组织失养、滋润不足,故导致不荣则痛,以和营止痛。长期实践证明,中药辨证外疗有着确实的疗效,可以起到明显的活血化瘀,理气软坚,消炎止痛作用,所谓通则不痛,荣则不痛,松则不痛,顺则不痛。本发明中的药物配伍,就是发明人在长期实践中总结出来的调节经络,针对通荣顺松四字进行对症下药,采用破血逐瘀,活血散瘀,通脉止痛的药物配方,加上改良传统药物加工工艺,使用现代透皮技术的方法,辅以火山矿物泥,矿物质黄泥粉,远红外陶瓷粉,采用泥炙热敷的治疗方法,药力可直接渗透到脏腑,作用于患病部位,起到良好的治疗效果,在此基础上患者可减少对化学药品的依赖,降低药物副作用对身体的损伤。本发明提供的方法简便易行,患者可以在医院、诊所、理疗所使用,也可以使用调配好的药泥自已在家中操作,经过长期验证,疗效极佳。
下面通过具体实施例来进一步说明本发明的实施方式,以下所有原材料则均来源于商业购买。
艾膏灸配方
A膏药基质 8-14份
B矿物质黄泥粉 30-50份
C透皮渗透剂 1-2份
D中草药混合物 3-5份
E艾叶精油 1-2份
F三乙醇胺 1.5-2.5份
G水 12-20份
中草药混合物配料D1-D6,以重量份计:
膏药基质配料A1-A3,以重量份数计
透皮渗透剂配料C1-C3,以重量份数计:
实施例,以重量份数计
通过实施例在临床的应用,证明了本发明的显著功效,具体临床资料如下:
一.诊断标准:
慢性疼痛病症参照1994年国家中医药管理局发布的中华人民共和国中医药行业标准《中医病证诊断疗效标准》,符合以下条件者:
1. 多有腰部外伤、慢性劳损或寒湿史。大部分患者在发病前多有慢性腰痛史;
2. 常发于青壮年;
3. 腰痛向臀部及下肢放射,腹压增加(如咳嗽、喷嚏)时疼痛加重;
4. 脊柱侧弯,腰椎生理弧度消失,病变部位椎旁有压痛,并向下肢放射,腰活动受限;
5. 下肢受累神经支配区有感觉过敏或迟钝,病程长着可出现肌肉萎缩。直腿抬高或加强试验阳性,膝、跟腱反射减弱或消失,拇指背伸力减弱;
6. X线摄片检查:脊柱侧弯、腰生理前凸变浅,病变椎间盘可能变窄,相应边缘有骨赘增生。CT或MRT检查可显示椎间盘突出的部位及程度。
二.疾病分期
1. 急性期:腰腿痛剧烈,活动受限明显,不能站立、行走,肌肉痉挛;
2. 缓解期:腰腿疼痛缓解,活动好转,但仍有痹痛,不耐劳;
3. 康复期:腰腿病症状基本消失,但有腰腿乏力,不能长时站立、行走。
三.症候诊断
1.中医辨证:
(1). 血瘀气滞证:近期腰部有外伤史,腰腿痛剧烈,痛有定处,刺痛,腰部僵硬,俯仰活动艰难,痛处拒按,舌质暗紫,或有瘀斑,舌苔薄白或薄黄,脉沉涩或脉弦;
(2). 寒湿痹阻证:腰腿部冷痛重着,转侧不利,痛有定处,虽静卧亦不减或反而加重,日轻夜重,遇寒痛增,得热痛减,舌质胖淡,苔白腻,脉弦紧、弦缓或沉紧;
(3). 湿热痹阻证:腰筋腿痛,痛处伴有热感,或见肢节红肿,口渴不欲饮,苔黄腻,脉濡数或滑数;
(4). 肝肾亏虚证:腰腿痛缠绵日久,反复发作,乏力、不耐劳,劳则加重,卧则减轻;包括肝肾阴虚及肝肾阳虚证。阴虚证病见:心烦失眠,口苦咽干,舌红少津,脉弦细而数。阳虚证病见:四肢不虚,形寒畏冷,筋脉拘挛,舌质淡胖,脉沉细无力等症。
2.经络辨证
(1)太阳经证:腰或臀、下肢沿足太阳经放射性疼痛;
(2)少阳经证:臀、下肢沿足少阳经放射性疼痛;
(3)太阳、少阳经合并证:腰或臀、下肢后侧沿足太阳经放射性疼痛,小腿外侧、踝部沿足少阳胆经放射性疼痛(此型为临床常见的证型)。
四. 纳入病例标准
凡符合诊断标准者,可纳入实验选择病例。
五. 排除病例标准
(1)准备妊娠或已妊娠或哺乳期妇女,过敏体质者;
(2)不愿意合作者(指不能配合治疗或不能按规定时间用药而影响疗效者)及精神病患者;
(3)合并有其他严重原发性疾病者。
六. 剔除标准
(1)不符合纳入标准者;
(2)观察治疗期间使用其它药物影响实验的疗效判定者;
(3)中途停止治疗者。
七.临床实验治疗方案
1.分组:随机数字表法分组,随机分为实验组1-12
实验组1:采用实施例1
实验组2:采用实施例2
实验组3:采用实施例3
实验组4:采用实施例4
实验组5:采用实施例5
实验组6:采用实施例6
实验组7:采用实施例7
对照组1:采用对比例
对照组2:采用对比例
对照组3:采用对比例
对照组4:采用对比例
对照组5:采用对比例
本临床实验治疗方案中,对照组采用的是膏药基质与矿物质黄泥粉混合物进行泥敷,其内不含本发明中的中草药配方,以与实验组对比治疗效果,确定本发明的实际功效。
2.制备方法:按照本发明提供的艾膏灸的制备方法,按上述实施例中的各物料比例制作实施例1-7所需膏体及药膏,同时制作对比例的膏体。
3.使用方法:第一步:将实施例1-7使用微波加热至膏药膏体化开,对比例同样加热至膏体化开,将实施例1-7的药膏与膏体混合均匀,放置8 分钟至温度在50度以下,对比例也放置同等时间至膏体温度在50度以下;
第二步:清洁患处后,将人工麝香均匀洒在实施例1-7药膏及膏体混合物的表面后摊敷在患者患处,盖上薄塑料膜,敷用35分钟。对比例同样在清洁患处后敷用35分钟;
实施例及对比例实验组均每天敷用一次,坚持使用21天。
八、疗效判定标准
(1)痊愈:经治疗后中医临床症状、疼痛感消失,患者恢复正常活动能力,半年随防疗效巩固者;
(2)显效:经治疗后中医临床症状基本消失,半年随访仍有1-2次疼痛,但痛势较治疗前明显减轻者;
(2)无效:经治疗后症状减轻不明显者,或在半年随访中又复发者。
九、治疗结果
从上述临床实验治疗结果可知,本发明对于慢性疼痛的治疗效果满意。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容所做的均等变化与修饰,均涵盖在本发明的专利范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种艾膏灸,其特征在于:以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:膏药基质8-14份,矿物质黄泥粉30-50份,透皮渗透剂1-2份,中草药混合物3-5份,艾叶精油1-2份,三乙醇胺1.5-2.5份,水12-20份;所述膏药基质,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:蜂蜡18-40份,香油12-38份,松香12-25份,凡士林25-50份,火山矿物泥12-38份,水10-40份,远红外陶瓷粉1-2份,薄荷脑1.5-4份,樟脑1.5-3份,滑石粉5-8份;所述透皮渗透剂,以重量份计,其制备原料至少包括:羊毛脂或羊毛脂衍生物30-45份,冰片20-30份,月桂氮卓酮10-20份,精油20-30份,水杨酸10-20份;所述中草药混合物,以重量份数计,其制备原料至少包括:艾叶8-12份,红花2-4份,益母草1-3份,当归4-10 份,赤芍1-4份,独一味4-8份,红景天2-4份,栀子2-6份,硫磺2-4份,乳香2-6份,没药2-4份,独活3-6份,生川乌1-2份,生草乌1-2份,红藤6-10份,五加皮4-6份,黄柏2-4份,威灵仙2-6份,透骨草2-4份,海风藤1-3份,防风5-10份,人工麝香0.2-0.4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾膏灸,其特征在于:所述中草药混合物中各物质及其在中草药混合物中的重量份数为:艾叶9-11份,红花3-4份,益母草2-3份,当归5-8 份,赤芍2-3份,独一味5-7份,红景天 3-4份,栀子3-5份,硫磺3-4份,乳香3-5份,没药3-4份,独活4-5份,生川乌1-2份,生草乌1-2份,红藤7-9份,五加皮5-6份,黄柏3-4份,威灵仙4-5份,透骨草3-4份,海风藤2-3份,防风6-8份,人工麝香0.3-0.4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾膏灸,其特征在于:所述中草药混合物中各物质及其在中草药混合物中的重量份数为:艾叶10份,红花3份,益母草2份,当归7 份,赤芍2.5份,独一味6份,红景天3份,栀子4份,硫磺3份,乳香4份,没药3份,独活4.5份,生川乌1份,生草乌1份,红藤8份,五加皮5份,黄柏3份,威灵仙4份,透骨草3份,海风藤2份,防风7.5份,人工麝香0.3份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾膏灸,其特征在于:所述透皮渗透剂中的精油选自薄荷油、松节油、桉油、枫香油、玫瑰油中的一种或数种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾膏灸,其特征在于:所述膏药基质中远红外陶瓷粉的粒径在20-250微米之间,所述滑石粉的粒径在40-90微米之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种艾膏灸,其特征在于:所述羊毛脂衍生物为羊毛醇或羊毛脂酸。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种艾膏灸的制备方法,制作步骤如下:
第一步:确定泥药的用量后,将膏药基配方中的所有物料按比例称取后放置备用;
第二步:将蜂蜡、水置入加热容器内,置于文火上加热;
第三步:待蜂蜡和医用黄蜡完全熔化以后,加入香油,边加热边搅拌,直至水分蒸干为止;
第四步:向第三步加工好的熔融物中加入松香和凡士林,直至物料完全融合;
第五步:将透皮渗透剂的物料混匀,与远红外陶瓷粉、薄荷脑、樟脑、滑石粉以及火山矿物泥同时加入第四步制成的融合物内,搅拌均匀,得到膏体;
第六步:将艾叶精油与三乙醇胺混匀,加入水剧烈搅拌制成初乳,将初乳置于乳化机中强力乳化为高度分散的乳剂;
第七步:将中草药混合物中除人工麝香以外的其它药物打粉后过120目筛,药粉的筛下物与第六步制得的乳剂混合均匀,加入矿物质黄泥后研磨得到药膏。
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