CN106487188A - 单相永磁电机及其定子磁芯 - Google Patents

单相永磁电机及其定子磁芯 Download PDF

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CN106487188A
CN106487188A CN201610776505.6A CN201610776505A CN106487188A CN 106487188 A CN106487188 A CN 106487188A CN 201610776505 A CN201610776505 A CN 201610776505A CN 106487188 A CN106487188 A CN 106487188A
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pole
pawl
stator core
arm
pole tip
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CN106487188B (zh
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李越
周垂有
王勇
李勇
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DECHANG ELECTRIC MACHINE (SHENZHEN) Co Ltd
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DECHANG ELECTRIC MACHINE (SHENZHEN) Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/141—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of C-shaped cores
    • H02K1/143—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of C-shaped cores of the horse-shoe type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/141—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of C-shaped cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/185—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to outer stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2726—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of a single magnet or two or more axially juxtaposed single magnets
    • H02K1/2733—Annular magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/028—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the magnetic circuit within the field or the armature, e.g. by using shunts, by adjusting the magnets position, by vectorial combination of field or armature sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/18—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having horse-shoe armature cores
    • H02K21/185—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having horse-shoe armature cores with the axis of the rotor perpendicular to the plane of the armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种定子磁芯，其包括端部以及由端部伸出的两臂部，所述两臂部间隔设置，每一臂部包括与端部连接的连接臂以及形成于连接臂的末端的极爪，所述两极爪内形成空间用于容纳转子，所述极爪环绕所述空间形成极弧面，每一极爪的周向两侧横向向外伸出分别形成长极尖与短极尖，每一极爪的长极尖与另一极爪的短极尖相对应并在两者之间形成一槽口所述极弧面内凹形成有启动槽。本发明还公开一种使用该定子磁芯的单相永磁电机。

Description

单相永磁电机及其定子磁芯
技术领域
本发明涉及单相电机，尤其涉及单相永磁电机的定子磁芯。
背景技术
单相永磁电机通常由定子磁芯、定子绕组、以及永磁转子构成。其中，定子磁芯通常为U形，包括两间隔设置的极臂。每一极臂的末端形成一极爪，每一极爪的内壁内凹形成极弧面。所述绕组即缠绕于极臂上，所述转子则设置于两极爪之间，与极弧面相对，两者之间形成大致均匀的气隙。
为便于转子的启动，在极弧面上内凹形成有启动槽，所述启动槽偏离极爪的中心轴，如此令转子在断电停止转动后其极轴相对于极爪的中心轴偏转一定角度，形成启动角，配合相应的启动电路，使得转子在下一次通电时能以特定方向顺利启动。然而，上述单相永磁电机不能双向启动，其应用会受到一定限制。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种能双向启动的单相永磁电机及其定子磁芯。
一方面，本发明提供一种定子磁芯，包括端部以及由端部伸出的两臂部，所述两臂部间隔设置，每一臂部包括与端部连接的连接臂以及形成于连接臂的末端的极爪，所述两极爪内形成空间用于容纳转子，所述极爪环绕所述空间形成极弧面，每一极爪的周向两侧横向向外伸出分别形成长极尖与短极尖，每一极爪的长极尖与另一极爪的短极尖相对应并在两者之间形成一槽口，所述极弧面内凹形成有启动槽。
另一方面，本发明提供一种定子磁芯，包括端部以及由端部伸出的两臂部，所述两臂部间隔设置，每一臂部包括与端部连接的连接臂以及形成于连接臂的末端的极爪，每一极爪形成一极弧面，所述两极爪之间相互间隔形成两槽口，所述两槽口的连线相对两极弧面的周向中心的连线倾斜，所述极弧面形成有启动槽，所述启动槽相对所述槽口更靠近所述极爪的中心轴。
再一方面，本发明提供一种单相永磁电机，包括上述定子磁芯、缠绕于定子磁芯上的绕组、以及可相对定子旋转的永磁转子，所述转子设置于两极爪内的空间，所述极爪环绕转子并与转子形成气隙。
相较于现有技术，本发明电机的定子磁芯的极爪伸出有长短不同的极尖，即定子磁芯的极爪呈非对称结构，从而有效降低电感。
附图说明
图1为本发明单相永磁电机一实施例的结构示意图。
图2为图1的爆炸图。
图3为图1的俯视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本发明的技术方案及其他有益效果显而易见。可以理解，附图仅提供参考与说明用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。附图中显示的尺寸仅仅是为便于清晰描述，而并不限定比例关系。
图1所示为根据本发明一实施例的单相永磁电机的结构示意图，所述电机包括定子磁芯10、缠绕于磁芯10上的绕组(图未示)、以及可转动地设置于磁芯10内的永磁转子12。图示中，为清楚显示本发明电机的定子磁芯10的结构及特点，电机的部分元件，如绕组、控制绕组电流的电路、电机的外壳等并未示出，其可以是现有单相永磁电机中的相应结构。所述永磁转子12内可固定穿设一转轴，用于与负载连接，绕组通电时磁芯10被极化，与永磁转子12的磁场作用推动永磁转子12转动，进而带动负载工作。
所述磁芯10由软磁材料，如铁磁材料等制成。较佳地，如图2所示，本实施例中，所述磁芯10为U型磁芯，包括端部14、以及由所述端部14垂直向外伸出的极臂16。本实施例中，所述极臂16由两独立的臂部18构成。所述两臂部18间隔平行设置，且分别与端部14垂直相连。本实施例中，所述端部14与极臂16的两臂部18分别成型后通过机械连接的方式相连，如此可以分别在臂部18上绕设完绕组之后再与端部14连接，使得绕组的缠绕更为方便、快捷。较佳地，所述端部14与两臂部18分别由若干薄片，如矽钢片等堆叠而成。图示中仅示意性示出端部14、臂部18堆叠成型后的整体外形，并未显示多层堆叠的具体结构。为方便薄片的组装，可在每一薄片上均对应地形成装配孔20，本实施例中所述装配孔20为下凹的盲孔，薄片在堆叠时相邻的盲孔之间凹凸配合并卡扣连接，形成端部14与臂部18。
本实施例中，所述端部14在靠近其两侧端的位置分别形成有卡槽22，对应地所述两臂部18分别在其朝向端部14的端面上向外凸出形成有卡块24。所述两臂部18的卡块24沿轴向分别卡入一相应的卡槽22内，将臂部18与端部14相连，形成磁芯10。较佳地，所述卡槽22与卡块24形成燕尾型卡扣连接，避免连接后脱开。在其它实施例中，所述卡槽22也可以形成于臂部18上，相应地所述卡块24形成于端部14上，同样地通过卡扣方式连接形成所述磁芯10。
所述极臂16的两臂部18结构大致相同且相向设置，每一臂部18均呈长条状，包括与端部14相连的连接臂26及形成于连接臂26的末端的极爪28。所述两臂部18的连接臂26平行间隔设置，中间间隔一定宽度，便于绕设绕组；两极爪28相向且间隔设置，其相向的内壁面凹陷形成极弧面30，所述极弧面30界定一用于收容转子12的收容空间32。所述收容空间32大致呈未封闭的圆柱状，与转子12同轴设置。所述收容空间32的直径略大于转子12的直径，从而极弧面30与转子12的外表面在径向上间隔一小的距离，形成大致均匀的气隙，便于转子12的转动。
请同时参阅图3，本实施例中，每一极爪28大致呈C形，其周向的两侧相对连接臂26横向向外伸出，分别形成长极尖34及短极尖36。所述长极尖34相对连接臂26伸出的长度大于连接臂26之间的间隔的宽度的一半，而短极尖36相对连接臂26伸出的长度远小于连接臂26之间的间隔的宽度。较佳地，其中一极爪28的短极尖36位于内侧，即靠近端部14的一侧，长极尖34位于远离端部14的外侧；另一极爪28则正好相反，其长极尖34位于内侧、短极尖36位于外侧。
组装后，每一极爪28的短极尖36与另一极爪28的长极尖34相对应。较佳地，所述短极尖36与长极尖34相对连接臂26伸出的长度之和略小于连接臂26之间的间隔的宽度。组装后，对应的长、短极尖34、36之间形成槽口38，所述槽口38使得极弧面30在周向上呈断开设置，以避免磁短路。较佳地，所述槽口3的宽度基本均匀，且两极爪28之间形成的两槽口38的宽度基本相等。由于长、短极尖34、36的长度差，使得槽口38的位置偏离两连接臂26的间隔的中央。较佳地，所述极弧面30在周向上断开的宽度，即槽口36的宽度，小于定转子间均匀气隙部分宽度的4倍，更优地，所述槽口38的宽度小于定转子间均匀气隙部分宽度的2倍，在尽量避免漏磁的同时尽量降低齿槽转矩，保证电机的效率并降低其噪音。较佳地，所述两槽口38的连线通过转子转轴的中心。较佳地，所述长、短极尖34、36相向的端面35、37相对极爪28的中心轴X倾斜一定的角度。较佳地，同一极爪28的长、短极尖34、36的端面35、37位于一共同的平面上，并与另一极爪28的长、短极尖34、36的端面35、37所在的平面相平行，从而两槽口38的中心线共线，且所述中心线相对极爪28的中心轴X倾斜，也即极爪28具有非对称结构，如此设计可有效减小电机的电感。
所述极弧面30内凹形成有两启动槽40，所述两启动槽40分别位于两极爪28上。每一启动槽40位于极爪28的中心轴X上。启动槽40自身呈轴对称结构，其对称轴与极爪28的中心轴X重合，启动槽40的深度由其周向的两侧向中央逐渐增加，在对应中心轴X位置处，启动槽40具有最大的深度。由于极弧面30内凹形成有启动槽40，在启动槽40位置处磁芯10与转子12之间形成不均匀气隙，并且在启动槽40对应极爪28的中心轴X位置处具有最大气隙。
本实施例中，极爪28的两侧形成长、短极尖34、36，使得极弧面30本身的中心线，即两极弧面30的周向中心点的连线，相对中心轴X偏转一定角度；且极尖34、36的端面35、37相对极爪28的中心轴X倾斜，便于转子12的启动，并有效减小电感。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

1.一种定子磁芯，包括端部以及由端部伸出的两臂部，所述两臂部间隔设置，每一臂部包括与端部连接的连接臂以及形成于连接臂的末端的极爪，所述两极爪内形成空间用于容纳转子，所述极爪环绕所述空间形成极弧面，其特征在于，每一极爪的周向两侧横向向外伸出分别形成长极尖与短极尖，每一极爪的长极尖与另一极爪的短极尖相对应并在两者之间形成一槽口所述极弧面内凹形成有启动槽。
2.如权利要求1所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述启动槽位于极爪的中心轴上。
3.如权利要求2所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述启动槽相对极爪的中心轴对称，其深度由其周向两侧向中央逐渐增大。
4.如权利要求1所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述长极尖与短极尖均具有一端面，所述端面相对极爪的中心轴倾斜一定角度。
5.如权利要求4所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，同一极爪的长极尖与短极尖的端面共面。
6.如权利要求5所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述两极爪的端面相互平行。
7.如权利要求1所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述长极尖相对连接臂伸出的长度大于连接臂之间的间隔的宽度的一半。
8.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述端部与臂部分别由若干薄片堆叠而成并机械相连，所述臂部与端部其中之一形成有卡槽，其中之另一形成有卡块，所述卡块分别卡设于相应的卡槽内将臂部与端部连接。
9.一种定子磁芯，包括端部以及由端部伸出的两臂部，所述两臂部间隔设置，每一臂部包括与端部连接的连接臂以及形成于连接臂的末端的极爪，每一极爪形成一极弧面，所述两极爪之间相互间隔形成两槽口，其特征在于，所述两槽口的连线相对两极弧面的周向中心的连线倾斜，所述极弧面形成有启动槽，所述启动槽相对所述槽口更靠近所述极爪的中心轴。
10.如权利要求9所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述启动槽位于极爪的中心轴上。
11.如权利要求9所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述槽口的宽度基本均匀。
12.如权利要求10所述的定子磁芯，其特征在于，所述极爪的末端形成极尖，所述两极爪的正对的极尖的端面之间形成所述槽口，所述端面相对所述两极爪的中心线的连线倾斜。
13.一种单相永磁电机，包括定子磁芯、缠绕于定子磁芯上的绕组、以及可相对定子旋转的永磁转子，其特征在于，所述定子磁芯为权利要求1-12任一项所述的定子磁芯，所述转子设置于两极爪内的空间，所述极爪的内表面和转子之间形成气隙。
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