CN106474229A - 一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其是由下列质量份配比的原料药制成:大黄170‑210份、石决明50‑80份、草头190‑220份、黄芪180‑215份、没药180‑210份、艾草80‑110份、紫参130‑165份、栀子185‑215份、细辛105‑135份、枳壳210‑245份、牙皂105‑140份、白芍135‑160份。该药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙歪头病的发生率,对美国青蛙歪头病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于青蛙养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
美国青蛙又名河蛙、水蛙。原产于美国,20世纪80年代后期引进我国,其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,是上等的食用蛙,现已在全国各地推广养殖。美国青蛙具有个体大、生长快、味道鲜美、蛋白质含量高,是一种优质高效的经济养殖蛙类。随着行业竞争激烈,一些老养殖户养殖技术老套,导致产效低下,有些血本无归,有些养殖不惜使用一些违禁药物,导致青蛙体内有害物质积累,从而导致大量死亡,也使养殖水质遭到严重污染,也间接破坏周围生态环境。
美国青蛙在养殖过程中,规模化养殖容易发生病害,而且非常容易传播开来,主要有以下病害:蝌蚪期常见病害:歪头病、败血症、肠炎、水霉、腹水、车轮虫病、气泡病;成蛙常见病害:肠炎、红腿病、传染性肝病、白眼病、烂皮病等,通过实践、探索、实验对比,采取以预防为主。
其中美国青蛙歪头病是由脑膜炎败血黄杆菌所引起,该菌直接破坏蛙的脑神经,造成神经错乱产生歪头。患病蛙在水中不停地打转,其头向左或向右歪转。病蛙摄食量减少,死亡率高,若不及时处理病蛙,将会使蛙群感染。主要感染方式有两种,一是直接从母体到子代,二是相互感染。
现有技术中一般采用如下方法防治美国青蛙歪头病,1)蝌蚪期每月或半月用呋喃唑酮0.1-l克拌l公斤料投喂,稚蛙与成蛙用磺胺类药拌饲料投喂,如磺胺嘧啶(SD)每公斤蛙第1天用0.2克,第2-7天减半。这些药物均为西药,容易造成药物依赖,或者影响青蛙肉质,因此有必要开发一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙歪头病的发生率,对美国青蛙歪头病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
本发明的技术方案是:一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其是由下列质量份配比的原料药制成:大黄170-210份、石决明50-80份、草头190-220份、黄芪180-215份、没药180-210份、艾草80-110份、紫参130-165份、栀子185-215份、细辛105-135份、枳壳210-245份、牙皂105-140份、白芍135-160份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:大黄170-205份、石决明50-75份、草头190-215份、黄芪190-215份、没药185-210份、艾草80-105份、紫参130-160份、栀子185-210份、细辛105-130份、枳壳210-240份、牙皂110-140份、白芍140-160份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:大黄180-205份、石决明50-70份、草头190-210份、黄芪190-210份、没药190-210份、艾草90-105份、紫参140-160份、栀子190-210份、细辛110-130份、枳壳220-240份、牙皂120-140份、白芍145-160份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:大黄190-205份、石决明55-70份、草头190-205份、黄芪195-210份、没药190-205份、艾草95-105份、紫参140-155份、栀子190-205份、细辛110-125份、枳壳220-235份、牙皂120-135份、白芍145-155份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:大黄190-200份、石决明60-70份、草头190-200份、黄芪200-210份、没药190-200份、艾草100-105份、紫参150-155份、栀子200-205份、细辛110-120份、枳壳220-230份、牙皂130-135份、白芍145-150份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:大黄200份、石决明60份、草头200份、黄芪200份、没药200份、艾草100份、紫参150份、栀子200份、细辛120份、枳壳230份、牙皂130份、白芍150份。
本发明用到的主要原料药说明如下:
大黄:大黄是多种蓼科大黄属的多年生植物的合称,也是中药材的名称。本发明大黄指的是马蹄大黄。秋末茎叶枯萎或次春发芽前采挖。除去细根,刮去外皮,切瓣或段,绳穿成串干燥或直接干燥,中药大黄具有攻积滞、清湿热、泻火、凉血、祛瘀、解毒等功效。
石决明:为鲍科动物杂色鲍、皱纹盘鲍、耳鲍、羊鲍等的贝壳。又名真珠母(《雷公炮炙论》),鳆鱼甲(《本草经集注》),九孔螺(《日华子本草》),千里光(《纲目》),真海决、海决明、关海决、鲍鱼壳、九孔石决明(《药材学》),鲍鱼皮(《山东中药手册》),金蛤蜊皮(《山东中草药》)。有平肝清热,明目去翳的功效。本品为常用中药,"名医别录"列为上品。今市售品分为光底海决、毛底海决和大海决三种。光底海决原动物为九孔鲍,毛底海决原动物为盘大鲍,大海决的原动物为羊鲍。其它名称真珠母,鳆鱼甲,九孔螺,千里光,鲍鱼皮,金蛤蜊皮。
草头:是上海、太仓、常熟等地的人对金花菜的称呼。金花菜,原名南苜蔌MedicagohispidaGaertn有叶三齿,如倒心形,先端稍圆或凹入上部有锯齿,叶的表面呈浓绿色,茎梗极短,主根长,多分枝。茎通常直立,近无毛,高30-100厘米。复叶有3小叶,小叶倒卵形或倒披针形,长1-2厘米,宽约0.5厘米,顶端圆,中肋稍凸出,上半部叶有锯齿,基部狭楔形;托叶狭披针形,全缘。总状花序腋生,花8-25。荚果螺旋形,无刺,顶端有尖曝咀;在江浙两省生产特多。草头为豆科植物,经常食用草头素可平衡人体的酸碱值。
黄芪:又名绵芪。多年生草本,高50-100厘米。主根肥厚,木质,常分枝,灰白色。茎直立,上部多分枝,有细棱,被白色柔毛。多年生草本,高50-100厘米。产于内蒙古、山西、甘肃、黑龙江等地。黄芪的药用迄今已有2000多年的历史,其有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。但表实邪盛,气滞湿阻,食积停滞,痈疽初起或溃后热毒尚盛等实证,以及阴虚阳亢者,均须禁服。
没药:中药名,为橄榄科植物地丁树CommiphoramyrrhaEngl.或哈地丁树CommiphoramolmolEngl.的干燥树脂。分为天然没药和胶质没药。分布于索马里、埃塞俄比亚及阿拉伯半岛南部等地。具有散瘀定痛,消肿生肌之功效。常用于胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭,产后瘀阻,癥瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡等病症的治疗。
艾草:多年生草本或略成半灌木状,植株有浓烈香气。茎单生或少数,褐色或灰黄褐色,基部稍木质化,上部萆质,并有少数短的分枝,叶厚纸质,上面被灰白色短柔毛,基部通常无假托叶或极小的假托叶;上部叶与苞片叶羽状半裂、头状花序椭圆形,花冠管状或高脚杯状,外面有腺点,花药狭线形,花柱与花冠近等长或略长于花冠。瘦果长卵形或长圆形。花果期9-10月。全草入药,有温经、去湿、散寒、止血、消炎、平喘、止咳、安胎、抗过敏等作用。艾叶晒干捣碎得“艾绒”,制艾条供艾灸用,又可作“印泥”的原料。
紫参:又名:大理茜草、滇茜草、红根、色子片等,属茜草目,茜草科草本;功能主治:清热解毒,活血理气止痛。用于急慢性肝炎、脘胁胀痛、湿热带下、乳腺炎、疔肿。
栀子:别名黄栀子、山栀、白蟾、栀子花,是茜草科植物栀子的果实。属茜草科、栀子属,常绿灌木;根、叶、果实均可入药,有泻火除烦,清热利尿,凉血解毒之功效;功效主治:清肺止咳,凉血止血,泻火,主治肺热咳嗽,咯痰,肿毒,治热病虚烦不眠,黄疸,淋病,消渴,目赤,咽痛,吐血,衄血,血痢,尿血,热毒疮疡,扭伤肿痛。《中药大辞典》中记载:栀子,异名:木丹(《本经》),鲜支(《上林赋》),卮子(《汉书》孟康注),越桃(《别录》),支子(《本草经集注》),山栀子(《药性论》),枝子(《新修本草》),小危子(《本草原始》),黄荑子(《闽东本草》),黄栀子(《江苏药材志》),黄栀、山黄栀、山栀(《浙江药用植物志》);为茜草科栀子属植物栀子的果实。
细辛;别名:华细辛、盆草细辛,马兜铃科、细辛属多年生草本;细辛作为药用植物,始载秦汉《神农本草经》,《神农本草经》将其列为上品。辽细辛根细、色灰黄、叶色绿,味辛辣麻舌。性温,有小毒。归心、肺、肾经。有祛风,散寒,温肺、行水,开窍的作用。治风寒头痛,鼻渊,齿痛,痰饮咳逆,风湿痹痛。此外,细辛还具有抗炎免疫、细辛局部麻醉、提高新陈代谢、抗菌作用,亦可用于肿瘤患者化疗和放疗所致的白细胞减少。
枳壳:药用来源为芸香科植物酸橙及其栽培变种的干燥未成熟果实。7月果皮尚绿时采收,自中部横切为两半,晒干或低温干燥。枳壳性苦、辛、酸、温,具有理气宽中、行滞消胀的功效,主治胸胁气滞,胀满疼痛,食积不化,痰饮内停;胃下垂,脱肛,子官脱垂等病症。
牙皂:又称:猪牙皂。是豆科植物皂荚植株受伤后所结的小型果实,弯曲成月牙形。形扁长者,称为大皂荚(即皂荚)。含三萜类皂甙、鞣质、蜡醇、廿九烷、豆甾醇等。有祛痰、催吐、致泻等作用。
白芍:也称白花芍药,是毛茛科芍药属植物。在中国已有悠久的栽培历史,驰名中外,其称白花芍药。其根可入药。平肝止痛,养血调经,敛阴止汗。用于头痛眩晕,胁痛,腹痛,四肢挛痛,血虚萎黄,月经不调,自汗,盗汗。
本发明的药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙歪头病的发生率,对美国青蛙歪头病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述药物的制备方法,其工艺简单,其原料药常见、便宜。
本发明药物的制备方法如下:
第一步:按配方比例计算出批次生产的原料重量;
第二步:将计算出批次生产的原料放置于搅拌容器中,用水浸泡3-5小时,其中水的用量为中药总重的30倍;温火加温烧至沸腾,熬15-20分钟,然后保温3小时后,再温火加温烧至沸腾,熬25-30分钟;
第三步:进行离心过滤,过滤液经过2-3小时沉淀后,第二次离心过滤;过滤液即为本发明防治美国青蛙歪头病的药物。
本发明的药物使用方法:成蛙期,每次喂养时,每10公斤饲料,称取1000克美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物过滤液,在中药组合物过滤液中加入50克红糖,然后加入饲料中,拌均,立即喂养,每天早晚各喂养一次,自由采食,10天为一个疗程,可以每隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程,幼蛙期药物减半。
为了更清楚地说明本发明,列举以下实施例,但其对发明的范围无任何限制。
具体实施方式
实施例1
称取大黄200g,石决明60g,草头200g,黄芪200g,没药200g,艾草100g,紫参150g,栀子200g,细辛120g,枳壳230g,牙皂130g,白芍150g,这些原料成分均为经过晒干后的质量。
第一步:按配方比例计算出批次生产的原料重量;
第二步:将计算出批次生产的原料放置于搅拌容器中,用水浸泡4小时,温火加温烧至沸腾,熬20分钟,然后保温3小时后,再温火加温烧至沸腾,熬30分钟,其中水的用量为中药总重的30倍;
第三步:进行离心过滤,过滤液经过2小时沉淀后,第二次离心过滤;过滤液即为本发明防治美国青蛙歪头病的药物。
实施例2-12、对比例1-2
实施例2-12除了原料质量配比与实施例1不同外,其原料种类和制备工艺步骤及使用方法与实施例1相同,对比例1是在实施例1的基础上去掉了没药,对比例2是在实施例1的基础上去掉了紫参,实施例1-12、对比例1-2所使用的原料及质量如下面的表1所示,下面的表1示出了实施例1-12、对比例1-2所使用的原料及质量。
表1
临床试验一:
(1)实验动物
选择300只患有歪头病的美国青蛙成蛙,食欲减退,不愿活动;
(2)实验方法
随机分组,共分15个组,每组20只,其中14组为实验组,分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2所述药物配成的饲料,每天2次,自由采食,连续10天;另一组为对照组,使用现有技术磺胺嘧啶治疗法,再按照正常饲喂方式喂养。治疗10天之后,观察并做好记录。具体见表2;
(3)治疗标准及观察方法
治愈:歪头病痊愈;
有效:歪头病得到有效缓解,有很大的缓解;
无效:歪头病没有得到有效缓解。
表2
治愈数 | 有效数 | 无效数 | |
实施例1 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
实施例2 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例3 | 17 | 2 | 1 |
实施例4 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例5 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例6 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例7 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例8 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例9 | 19 | 0 | 1 |
实施例10 | 19 | 1 | 0 |
实施例11 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
实施例12 | 17 | 1 | 2 |
对比例1 | 12 | 3 | 5 |
对比例2 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
对照组 | 10 | 2 | 8 |
由此可知,在同等用量的情况下,利用本发明药物混入饲料中的治疗效果明显优于对比例和对照组。并且1个月后,实验组为0复发,而对比组有4只复发。
临床试验二:
为了证明本发明对美国青蛙的饲喂效果,进行多次试饲喂试验,选取大型美国青蛙养殖场3000只处于成蛙期的美国青蛙,体重大小、健康状况基本一致,随机分成15组,每组200只。其中14组为实验组,分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2所述药物配成的饲料,每天两次,自由采食,连续10天;隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程。另一组为对照组,饲喂不加药物的相同饲料,15组青蛙的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同。对比15组青蛙的各种性能指标,平均值如表3。
1个月后,15组青蛙情况如表3:
表3
患歪头病数 | 月增重(g)/只 | |
实施例1 | 0 | 130 |
实施例2 | 7 | 118 |
实施例3 | 5 | 122 |
实施例4 | 0 | 124 |
实施例5 | 0 | 129 |
实施例6 | 0 | 130 |
实施例7 | 2 | 123 |
实施例8 | 1 | 124 |
实施例9 | 0 | 123 |
实施例10 | 0 | 123 |
实施例11 | 1 | 122 |
实施例12 | 0 | 127 |
对比例1 | 30 | 108 |
对比例2 | 40 | 100 |
对照组 | 70 | 95 |
从表中可以很明显的看出,实验组青蛙在连续喂食本发明提供的药物后,日增重较对照组增加明显,且实验组较对照组食欲旺盛,活力强,状态好,无任何其它疾病发生。
所以本发明不局限于作为美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,只要是原料配方与本发明相同或者等同的药物就落在本发明的保护范围之内。将与本发明的美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物相同配方的原料制成任何一种中药制剂也落在本发明的保护范围之内,即只要原料配方与本发明相同的药物就落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其特征在于,由下列质量份配比的原料药制成:大黄170-210份、石决明50-80份、草头190-220份、黄芪180-215份、没药180-210份、艾草80-110份、紫参130-165份、栀子185-215份、细辛105-135份、枳壳210-245份、牙皂105-140份、白芍135-160份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其特征在于大黄170-205份、石决明50-75份、草头190-215份、黄芪190-215份、没药185-210份、艾草80-105份、紫参130-160份、栀子185-210份、细辛105-130份、枳壳210-240份、牙皂110-140份、白芍140-160份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其特征在于大黄180-205份、石决明50-70份、草头190-210份、黄芪190-210份、没药190-210份、艾草90-105份、紫参140-160份、栀子190-210份、细辛110-130份、枳壳220-240份、牙皂120-140份、白芍145-160份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其特征在于大黄190-205份、石决明55-70份、草头190-205份、黄芪195-210份、没药190-205份、艾草95-105份、紫参140-155份、栀子190-205份、细辛110-125份、枳壳220-235份、牙皂120-135份、白芍145-155份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其特征在于大黄190-200份、石决明60-70份、草头190-200份、黄芪200-210份、没药190-200份、艾草100-105份、紫参150-155份、栀子200-205份、细辛110-120份、枳壳220-230份、牙皂130-135份、白芍145-150份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物,其特征在于大黄200份、石决明60份、草头200份、黄芪200份、没药200份、艾草100份、紫参150份、栀子200份、细辛120份、枳壳230份、牙皂130份、白芍150份。
7.根据权利要求1所述美国青蛙歪头病的防治药物的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
第一步:按配方比例计算出批次生产的原料重量;
第二步: 将计算出批次生产的原料放置于搅拌容器中,用水浸泡3-5小时,其中水的用量为中药总重的30倍,温火加温烧至沸腾,熬15-20分钟,然后保温3小时后,再温火加温烧至沸腾,熬25-30分钟;
第三步:进行离心过滤,过滤液经过2-3小时沉淀后,第二次离心过滤;过滤液即为防治美国青蛙歪头病的药物。
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