CN106467791A - 一种用于石材切割锯片的复合固体润滑块及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于石材切割锯片的复合固体润滑块及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106467791A
CN106467791A CN201610757829.5A CN201610757829A CN106467791A CN 106467791 A CN106467791 A CN 106467791A CN 201610757829 A CN201610757829 A CN 201610757829A CN 106467791 A CN106467791 A CN 106467791A
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冯立明
李云鹏
郑培学
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块及其制备方法,属于石材加工机械行业润滑减磨技术领域,其中,由如下质量份配比的原料组成:烃类固体材料 10份‑30份、聚四氟乙烯5份~10份、氯化石蜡10份‑15份、片状微粉20份‑40份、硬脂酸锂5份~10份、氟碳表面活性剂0.01份‑0.1份和填料10份‑30份;并公开了制备方法以及应用于石材锯片润滑的使用方法。本发明的有益效果是:该产品应用于石材切割锯片的表面润滑,替代传统的强碱性、高COD水润滑,真正实现石材的“干”切割,彻底解决石材切割行业水的污染问题。

Description

一种用于石材切割锯片的复合固体润滑块及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及石材加工机械行业润滑减磨技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于石材切割锯片的复合固体润滑块及其制备方法。
背景技术
自2005年以来,我国全面超越传统的石材强国意大利和西班牙,成为全世界最大的石材生产、消费和出口大国,占全球石材加工、生产量的近20%。
目前,我国城镇化进程加快、居民消费升级,加之发达国家石材制造业的转移,许多石材跨国公司纷纷到我国投资建厂或者经营石材。面对美国经济增速放缓,欧债危机继续蔓延,中国市场却稳步增长,世界石材生产、贸易的中心已从传统的欧洲地区转移到中国,中国石材市场正取代欧洲,领跑全球,因此,我国石材产业面临巨大的发展机遇。同时,也面临结构调整、转型升级、提升经济效益的压力和挑战,尤其是环保压力更为突出。因为目前我国石材切割行业锯片的润滑普遍采用强碱性、高COD水溶液,水溶液中含有火碱、润滑剂、絮凝剂和防锈剂等多种成分,在循环使用一定时间后必须排放、更新。该废水产生量大,直接排放,对地表水、地下水危害很大,处理后循环利用,处理设备和处理费用也很高,大大增加石材加工企业运行成本,影响产品市场竞争力。从国内外石材加工现状和文献资料看,目前还没有完全替代强碱性、高COD水溶液润滑方式的报道。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明公开了一种用于石材锯片润滑的固体润滑块、制备及使用方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种用于石材锯片润滑的固体润滑块,其中,由如下质量份配比的原料组成:烃类固体材料10份-30份、聚四氟乙烯5份~10份、氯化石蜡10份-15份、片状微粉 20份-40份、硬脂酸锂 5份~10份、氟碳表面活性剂0.01份-0.1份和填料10份-30份。
其中优选的,还包括助剂;所述润滑块由如下质量份配比的原料组成:烃类固体材料10份-30份、聚四氟乙烯5份~10份、氯化石蜡10份-15份、片状微粉20份-40份、硬脂酸锂5份~10份、氟碳表面活性剂0.01份-0.1份、填料5份-20份和助剂3-5份。
其中,所述的烃类固体材料为固态烷烃、环烷烃和烯烃的混合物,其质量分数组成为:固态烷烃40%-60%,环烷烃20-30%,烯烃10-40%,其平均分子量为300-1000;所述的聚四氟乙烯的分子量<10000,20<n<100。进一步的,固态烷烃为C30-C40烷烃,环烷烃为C30-C38环烷烃,烯烃为C20-C30烯烃。
其中,所述的片状微粉为粒径30-100μm的石墨微粉、硅微粉、石墨烯微粉和碳化硼微粉的混合物,其质量分数组成为:石墨微粉30-40份、硅微粉20-25份、石墨烯微粉20-40份、二硫化钼2-4份和碳化硼微粉10-15份。
其中,所述的氟碳表面活性剂为全氟辛酸钠和全氟辛基磺酸钠的混合物,其分数比为:全氟辛酸钠:全氟辛基磺酸钠为1-2:1.5-2;所述的填料为粒径1-10μm的滑石粉、云母粉的混合物,其分数比为:滑石粉:云母粉为1-2:1-1.5。
其中,所述助剂包括亚磷酸三乙酯10-15份、碳酸乙烯酯10-20份、氨基磺酸2-5份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮5-8份和二氯二甲基硅烷5-9份。
为了达到上述目的,本发明还提供了所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.取硬脂酸锂、聚四氟乙烯和氯化石蜡在常温条件下搅拌、混合均匀;
b. 在a步骤得到的混合均匀的液态原料中加入氟碳表面活性剂,常温搅拌均匀,加入烃类固体材料,加热至100-120℃,使得烃类固体材料混炼、熔融并分散于液态材料中;
c.依次将剩余原料缓慢加入b步骤得到的液态材料中,恒温100-120℃,在转速50-100r/min下搅拌30-60min、均质;
d.采用螺杆推料器,将c步骤得到的物质趁热挤入模具中,在0.50-1.0MPa压力下成型,循环水快速冷却,脱模,制备成长200-600mm、宽30-60mm、厚5-12mm的成品。
为了达到上述目的,本发明还提供了所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块的使用方法,在锯片表面涂抹0.2-5μm的润滑膜,刀头表面摩擦系数小于0.10,甚至稳定持续的小于0.04,正常负载转动情况下,刀头表面平均温度低于50℃,实现石材切割锯片表面的有效润滑。进一步优选的,将所述复合固定润滑块使用特制的自动化装置对锯片刀头进行处理,以10-30mm/min的速度,连续、匀速、垂直推向石材切割锯片刀头,达到在锯片表面形成0.2-5μm的润滑膜的效果,实现自动化操作,效果更好。
本发明以高分子烃类固体材料作为连续相载体,利用高分子烃类固体材料自身分子量较大,粘附力强,同时高分子烃类固体材料分子极性小、摩擦系数低等性能特点,在石材切割锯片表面形成连续、均匀润滑薄膜;聚四氟乙烯、片状微粉、填充料作为弥散相,借助于氟碳表面活性剂、硬脂酸锂的表面活性作用、制备过程中的机械力作用和加热提供的能量,均匀分散于烃类固体材料中,而且氟碳表面活性剂、硬脂酸锂自身也具有很好的减摩润滑、辅助成膜作用,氯化石蜡具有很好的增韧、阻燃作用,片状微粉自身片状结构的滑移性极大提高了固体润滑快的减摩润滑效果,滑石粉、云母粉等填充料在起到增强作用同时,也降低了材料成本,助剂能够使各物质间有效润湿、分散,同时,可以进一步减摩、阻燃、增粘、抗氧化。通过各组分之间的协同、互补作用,实现了固体润滑块在快速转动的锯片表面优异的成膜性,当润滑膜厚度为0.2-5μm、锯片转速在300-1500r/min时,润滑膜不脱落、不甩出;刀头表面摩擦系数在0.10以下,甚至稳定持续的小于0.04,刀头表面平均运行温度低于50℃,具有优异的润滑效果;润滑块自身不易燃,不易氧化,不挥发,对光不敏感,物理、化学性质稳定,可长期在60℃以下环境中保存、放置;所用材料无毒、无害、无味,具有突出的环保优势。
本发明带来的有益效果是:本发明制备的复合固体润滑块,应用于石材切割锯片的表面润滑,在锯片表面形成0.2-5μm的润滑膜,刀头表面摩擦系数小于0.10,甚至稳定持续的小于0.04,在锯片300-1500r/min旋转状态下,锯片刀头温度维持在50℃以下,在矿山石料切割中与强碱性、高COD水溶液润滑相比,锯片使用寿命平均延长1/3,实现了石材切割行业润滑方式的革命化转变,彻底解决了石材切割行业水的污染问题;原料易得,降低生产成本,节约水资源;具有优异的成膜性、稳定的物理与化学性质和无毒、无害、无味等环保优势。
具体实施方式
通过以下具体实施方式进行具体说明。
实施例1
组成:烃类固体材料100g、聚四氟乙烯50g、氯化石蜡 100g、片状微粉 200g、硬脂酸锂50g、氟碳表面活性剂0.1g、填料100g;烃类固体材料有C35烷烃40g,C38环烷烃30g,C30烯烃30g,其中聚四氟乙烯的分子量<10000,n=80;片状微粉为粒径70μm的石墨微粉、硅微粉、石墨烯微粉和碳化硼微粉的混合物,其中:石墨微粉60g、硅微粉50g、石墨烯微粉62g、二硫化钼8g和碳化硼微粉20g。氟碳表面活性剂为0.033g全氟辛酸钠和0.067g全氟辛基磺酸钠的混合物;填料为粒径8μm的50g滑石粉、50g云母粉的混合物。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.取硬脂酸锂、聚四氟乙烯和氯化石蜡在常温条件下搅拌、混合均匀;
b. 在a步骤得到的混合均匀的液态原料中加入氟碳表面活性剂,常温搅拌均匀,加入烃类固体材料,加热至120℃,使得烃类固体材料混炼、熔融并分散于液态材料中;
c.依次将剩余原料缓慢加入b步骤得到的液态材料中,恒温120℃,在转速80r/min下搅拌50min、均质;
d.采用螺杆推料器,将c步骤得到的物质趁热挤入模具中,在1.0MPa压力下成型,循环水快速冷却,脱模,制备成长300mm、宽50mm、厚10mm的成品①。
实施例2
组成:烃类固体材料300g、聚四氟乙烯100g、氯化石蜡 150g、片状微粉400g、硬脂酸锂100g、氟碳表面活性剂1g、填料300g。其中,烃类固体材料有固态烷烃C40烷烃180g,环烷烃C38环烷烃90g,烯烃C30烯烃30g,其平均分子量为300-1000;聚四氟乙烯的分子量<10000,n=80。片状微粉为粒径60μm的石墨微粉、硅微粉、石墨烯微粉和碳化硼微粉的混合物,其中,石墨微粉160g、硅微粉80g、石墨烯微粉100g、二硫化钼8g和碳化硼微粉52g。氟碳表面活性剂为0.5g全氟辛酸钠和0.5g全氟辛基磺酸钠的混合物;填料为粒径5μm的150g滑石粉和150g云母粉的混合物。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.取硬脂酸锂、聚四氟乙烯和氯化石蜡在常温条件下搅拌、混合均匀;
b. 在a步骤得到的混合均匀的液态原料中加入氟碳表面活性剂,常温搅拌均匀,加入烃类固体材料,加热至120℃,使得烃类固体材料混炼、熔融并分散于液态材料中;
c.依次将剩余原料缓慢加入b步骤得到的液态材料中,恒温100℃,在转速80r/min下搅拌50min、均质;
d.采用螺杆推料器,将c步骤得到的物质趁热挤入模具中,在0.8MPa压力下成型,循环水快速冷却,脱模,制备成长500mm、宽50mm、厚8mm的成品②。
实施例3
组成:烃类固体材料100g、聚四氟乙烯50g、氯化石蜡100g、片状微粉200g、硬脂酸锂50g、氟碳表面活性剂0.1g、填料50g和助剂30g;其中,烃类固体材料为固态烷烃、环烷烃和烯烃的混合物,其中,固态烷烃50g,环烷烃30g,烯烃20g,其平均分子量为300-1000;固态烷烃为C40烷烃,环烷烃为C38环烷烃,烯烃为C30烯烃。聚四氟乙烯的分子量<10000,n=60。其中,片状微粉为粒径60μm的石墨微粉、硅微粉、石墨烯微粉和碳化硼微粉的混合物,其中,石墨微粉70g、硅微粉50g、石墨烯微粉50g、二硫化钼6g和碳化硼微粉24g。其中,氟碳表面活性剂为0.05g全氟辛酸钠和0.05g全氟辛基磺酸钠的混合物;填料为粒径6μm的25g滑石粉和25g云母粉的混合物。其中,助剂包括亚磷酸三乙酯7.5g、碳酸乙烯酯11.25g、氨基磺酸3.75g、N-甲基吡咯烷酮3.75g和二氯二甲基硅烷3.75g。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.取硬脂酸锂、聚四氟乙烯和氯化石蜡在常温条件下搅拌、混合均匀;
b. 在a步骤得到的混合均匀的液态原料中加入氟碳表面活性剂,常温搅拌均匀,加入烃类固体材料,加热至120℃,使得烃类固体材料混炼、熔融并分散于液态材料中;
c.依次将剩余原料缓慢加入b步骤得到的液态材料中,恒温120℃,在转速60r/min下搅拌50min、均质;
d.采用螺杆推料器,将c步骤得到的物质趁热挤入模具中,在0.6MPa压力下成型,循环水快速冷却,脱模,制备成长500mm、宽50mm、厚8mm的成品③。
实施例4
组成:烃类固体材料300g、聚四氟乙烯100g、氯化石蜡150g、片状微粉400g、硬脂酸锂100g、氟碳表面活性剂1g、填料200g和助剂50g。其中,烃类固体材料为固态烷烃、环烷烃和烯烃的混合物,其中,固态烷烃C35烷烃150g,环烷烃C38环烷烃90g,烯烃C30烯烃60g,其平均分子量为300-1000;聚四氟乙烯的分子量<10000, n=70。其中,片状微粉为粒径60μm的石墨微粉、硅微粉、石墨烯微粉和碳化硼微粉的混合物,其中,石墨微粉160g、硅微粉100g、石墨烯微粉80g、二硫化钼8g和碳化硼微粉52g。其中,氟碳表面活性剂为0.5g全氟辛酸钠和0.5g全氟辛基磺酸钠的混合物;所述的填料为粒径5μm的100g滑石粉和100g云母粉的混合物。其中,助剂包括亚磷酸三乙酯18.75g、碳酸乙烯酯12.5g、氨基磺酸6.25g、N-甲基吡咯烷酮6.25g和二氯二甲基硅烷6.25g。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.取硬脂酸锂、聚四氟乙烯和氯化石蜡在常温条件下搅拌、混合均匀;
b. 在a步骤得到的混合均匀的液态原料中加入氟碳表面活性剂,常温搅拌均匀,加入烃类固体材料,加热至120℃,使得烃类固体材料混炼、熔融并分散于液态材料中;
c.依次将剩余原料缓慢加入b步骤得到的液态材料中,恒温120℃,在转速90r/min下搅拌50min、均质;
d.采用螺杆推料器,将c步骤得到的物质趁热挤入模具中,在1.0MPa压力下成型,循环水快速冷却,脱模,制备成长500mm、宽50mm、厚10mm的成品④。
对比试验
实验环境温度20℃。
针对板材切割和矿山石料切割的两种刀头的处理。
刀头表面温度采用红外线测温仪测量、石材二氧化硅含量为69%。
结果见表1
由表1可知,本发明实现了固体润滑块在快速转动的锯片表面优异的成膜性,当润滑膜厚度为0.2-5μm、锯片转速在300-1500r/min时,润滑膜不脱落、不甩出;刀头表面摩擦系数在0.10以下,并且稳定小于0.04,刀头表面平均运行温度低于50℃,具有优异的润滑效果。并且,在矿山石料切割中与强碱性、高COD水溶液润滑相比,刀头加工石材面积增加三分之一,即锯片使用寿命平均延长1/3。
另外,润滑块自身不易燃,不易氧化,不挥发,对光不敏感,物理、化学性质稳定,可长期在60℃以下环境中保存、放置;所用材料无毒、无害、无味,具有突出的环保优势。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块,其特征在于,由如下质量份配比的原料组成:烃类固体材料10份-30份、聚四氟乙烯5份~10份、氯化石蜡 10份-15份、片状微粉 20份-40份、硬脂酸锂 5份~10份、氟碳表面活性剂0.01份-0.1份和填料10份-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块,其特征在于,还包括助剂;所述润滑块由如下质量份配比的原料组成:烃类固体材料10份-30份、聚四氟乙烯5份~10份、氯化石蜡10份-15份、片状微粉20份-40份、硬脂酸锂5份~10份、氟碳表面活性剂0.01份-0.1份、填料5份-20份和助剂3-5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块,其特征在于,所述的烃类固体材料为固态烷烃、环烷烃和烯烃的混合物,其质量分数组成为:固态烷烃40%-60%,环烷烃20-30%,烯烃10-40%,其平均分子量为300-1000;所述的聚四氟乙烯的分子量<10000,20<n<100。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块,其特征在于,所述的片状微粉为粒径30-100μm的石墨微粉、硅微粉、石墨烯微粉和碳化硼微粉的混合物,其质量分数组成为:石墨微粉30-40份、硅微粉20-25份、石墨烯微粉20-40份、二硫化钼2-4份和碳化硼微粉10-15份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块,其特征在于,所述的氟碳表面活性剂为全氟辛酸钠和全氟辛基磺酸钠的混合物,其分数比为:全氟辛酸钠:全氟辛基磺酸钠为1-2:1.5-2;所述的填料为粒径1-10μm的滑石粉、云母粉的混合物,其分数比为:滑石粉:云母粉为1-2:1-1.5。
6.根据权利要求2所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块,其特征在于,所述助剂包括亚磷酸三乙酯10-15份、碳酸乙烯酯10-20份、氨基磺酸2-5份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮5-8份和二氯二甲基硅烷5-9份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固定润滑块,其特征在于,制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.取硬脂酸锂、聚四氟乙烯和氯化石蜡在常温条件下搅拌、混合均匀;
b. 在a步骤得到的混合均匀的液态原料中加入氟碳表面活性剂,常温搅拌均匀,加入烃类固体材料,加热至100-120℃,使得烃类固体材料混炼、熔融并分散于液态材料中;
c.依次将剩余原料缓慢加入b步骤得到的液态材料中,恒温100-120℃,在转速50-100r/min下搅拌30-60min、均质;
d.采用螺杆推料器,将c步骤得到的物质趁热挤入模具中,在0.50-1.0MPa压力下成型,循环水快速冷却,脱模,制备成长200-600mm、宽30-60mm、厚5-12mm的成品。
8.一种根据权利要求1-7所述的用于石材切割锯片的复合固体润滑块的制备方法,其特征在于,其步骤如下:
a.取硬脂酸锂、聚四氟乙烯和氯化石蜡在常温条件下搅拌、混合均匀;
b. 在a步骤得到的混合均匀的液态原料中加入氟碳表面活性剂,常温搅拌均匀,加入烃类固体材料,加热至100-120℃,使得烃类固体材料混炼、熔融并分散于液态材料中;
c.依次将剩余原料缓慢加入b步骤得到的液态材料中,恒温100-120℃,在转速50-100r/min下搅拌30-60min、均质;
d.采用螺杆推料器,将c步骤得到的物质趁热挤入模具中,在0.50-1.0MPa压力下成型,循环水快速冷却,脱模,制备成长200-600mm、宽30-60mm、厚5-12mm的成品。
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