CN106459037A - 用于治疗心血管疾病的N‑(2‑氨基‑5‑氟‑2‑甲基戊基)‑8‑[(2,6‑二氟苄基)氧基]‑2‑甲基咪唑并[1,2‑a]吡啶‑3‑甲酰胺的对映异构体及其二‑和三氟衍生物的对映异构体 - Google Patents
用于治疗心血管疾病的N‑(2‑氨基‑5‑氟‑2‑甲基戊基)‑8‑[(2,6‑二氟苄基)氧基]‑2‑甲基咪唑并[1,2‑a]吡啶‑3‑甲酰胺的对映异构体及其二‑和三氟衍生物的对映异构体 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的6‑氢‑取代的咪唑并[1,2‑a]吡啶‑3‑甲酰胺;涉及其制备方法;涉及其单独或以组合物用于治疗和/或预防疾病的用途;以及涉及其用于制备治疗和/或预防疾病——尤其是治疗和/或预防心血管疾病——的药物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及新的6-氢-取代的咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺;涉及其制备方法;涉及其单独或以组合物用于治疗和/或预防疾病的用途;以及涉及其用于制备治疗和/或预防疾病——尤其是治疗和/或预防心血管疾病——的药物的用途。
哺乳动物细胞中最重要的细胞传递系统之一是环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)。其与由内皮释放并传输激素和机械信号的一氧化氮(NO)一起形成NO/cGMP体系。鸟苷酸环化酶催化来自鸟苷三磷酸(GTP)的cGMP的生物合成。迄今已知的该家族的代表可按照结构特征或配体类型分为两组:可由钠尿肽刺激的粒状鸟苷酸环化酶,以及可由NO刺激的可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶。可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶由两个亚单元组成并且极有可能每个异二聚体含有一个血红素,其是调控中心的一部分。这对于活化机理至关重要。NO能结合血红素的铁原子并从而显著增加酶的活性。相反,不含血红素的制剂不能由NO刺激。一氧化碳(CO)也能结合血红素的中心铁原子,但是由CO带来的刺激明显地小于NO带来的刺激。
通过形成cGMP以及由此所致的磷酸二酯酶、离子通道和蛋白质激酶的调节,鸟苷酸环化酶在多种生理学过程中,特别是在平滑肌细胞的舒张和增生、血小板聚集和血小板粘附、神经元的信号传送中,以及基于上述过程的紊乱的病症中起到重要作用。在病理生理学条件下,会抑制NO/cGMP系统,这可导致例如高血压、血小板活化、增加的细胞增殖、内皮功能障碍、动脉粥样硬化、心绞痛、心力衰竭、心肌梗死、血栓形成、中风和性功能障碍。
在生物体中通过靶向cGMP信号通道的影响用于此类疾病的可能不依赖于NO的治疗方法因为其可预期的高效率和低水平的副作用是一种有前景的方法。
迄今,仅使用基于NO作用的化合物如有机硝酸盐用于治疗性刺激可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶。基于NO作用的化合物由生物转化形成并通过攻击血红素的中心铁原子而活化可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶。除副作用之外,耐受性的发生也是该治疗模式的关键性缺点之一。
近年来,已描述了一些直接刺激可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(即不先释放NO)的物质,例如,3-(5'-羟基甲基-2'-呋喃基)-1-苄基吲唑[YC-1;Wu等人,Blood 84(1994),4226;Mülsch等人,Brit.J.Pharmacol.120(1997),681]、脂肪酸[Goldberg等人,J.Biol.Chem.252(1977),1279]、二苯碘鎓六氟磷酸盐[Pettibone等人,Eur.J.Pharmacol.116(1985),307]、异甘草素[Yu等人,Brit.J.Pharmacol.114(1995),1587]和多种取代的吡唑衍生物(WO 98/16223)。
多种可用于治疗疾病的咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶衍生物尤其记载于EP 0 266 890-A1、WO 89/03833-A1、JP 01258674-A[参见Chem.Abstr.112:178986]、WO 96/34866-A1、EP 1277 754-A1、WO 2006/015737-A1、WO 2008/008539-A2、WO 2008/082490-A2、WO 2008/134553-A1、WO 2010/030538-A2、WO 2011/113606-A1和WO 2012/165399-A1中。
本发明的目的为提供新的作为可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶的刺激物和适用于治疗和/或预防疾病的物质。
本发明提供选自以下的化合物:
ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)
和
ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
和
ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)
和
ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
和
ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)
和
ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
和
ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
在本发明的范围内,优选的盐为生理上可接受的本发明化合物的盐。还包括自身不适合制药应用但可以用于例如本发明化合物的分离或纯化的盐。
本发明化合物的生理上可接受的盐包括无机酸、羧酸和磺酸的酸加成盐,例如下列酸的盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、萘二磺酸、甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、马来酸和苯甲酸。
本发明化合物的生理学上可接受的盐还包括常规碱的盐,例如且优选碱金属盐(例如钠盐和钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙盐和镁盐)和衍生自氨或具有1-16个碳原子的有机胺的铵盐,例如且优选乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、乙基二异丙胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二环己胺、二甲基氨基乙醇、普鲁卡因、二苄胺、N-甲基吗啉、精氨酸、赖氨酸、乙二胺和N-甲基哌啶。
在本发明范围内,溶剂化物表示本发明化合物的那些形式:本发明化合物通过与溶剂分子配位形成以固态或液态的配合物。水合物是溶剂化物的一种具体形式,其中所述配位是与水进行。在本发明范围内优选的溶剂化物是水合物。
本发明的化合物可根据其结构以不同的立体异构形式存在,即以构型异构体或,若合适的话,以构象异构体(对映异构体和/或非对映异构体,包括在阻转异构体的情况下的那些)的形式存在。因此本发明包括对映异构体和非对映异构体及其相应的混合物。以已知的方式,可以从这种对映异构体和/或非对映异构体的混合物中分离出立体异构均质的组分;为此优选使用色谱法,尤其是在非手性或手性相上的HPLC色谱法。
如果本发明的化合物可以互变异构形式存在,则本发明包括所有的互变异构形式。
本发明还包括本发明化合物的所有合适的同位素变体。本发明化合物的同位素变体此处理解为是指这样的化合物:其中在本发明化合物内至少一个原子被替换为相同原子序数的另一个原子,但所述另一原子的原子质量不同于自然界中通常或主要存在的原子质量。可掺入本发明化合物中的同位素的实例是:氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟、氯、溴和碘的那些,例如2H(氘)、3H(氚)、13C、14C、15N、17O、18O、32P、33P、33S、34S、35S、36S、18F、36Cl、82Br、123I、124I、129I和131I。本发明化合物的特定的同位素变体(特别是其中已经掺入一种或多种放射性同位素的那些)可能有利于,例如检查在体内的作用机理或活性化合物的分布;由于相对简单的可制备性和可检测性,尤其是用3H或14C同位素标记的化合物适用于该目的。另外,由于化合物的更强的代谢稳定性,同位素(例如氘)的掺入可以产生特定的治疗益处,例如体内半衰期的延长或所需活性剂量的降低;因此,在某些情况下,本发明化合物的这种改性还可构成本发明的优选实施方案。通过本领域技术人员已知的方法,例如通过在下文中进一步描述的方法和在工作实施例中所述的方法,通过使用各自的试剂和/或起始物质的相应的同位素改性物,可制备本发明化合物的同位素变体。
此外,本发明还包括本发明化合物的前药。术语“前药”在本文中意指这样的化合物:其本身可以是生物学上有活性的或无活性的,但是在它们在身体内的停留时间期间,其反应(例如代谢或水解)生成本发明的化合物。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“治疗”(“treatment”或“treating”)包括抑制、延迟、阻滞、改善、减弱、限制、减少、阻止、击退或治愈疾病、病症、障碍、损伤或健康问题,或这样的状态的发生、病程或进展和/或这样的状态的症状。在这里,术语“疗法”理解为与术语“治疗”同义。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“预防”、“防止”或“阻止”同义使用,且表示避免或减少获得、遭受、罹患或具有疾病、状况、病症、损伤和健康问题,或这样的状态的发展或进展和/或这样的状态的症状的风险。
疾病、病症、障碍、损伤或健康问题的治疗或预防可以为部分的或完全的。
在本发明的上下文中,优选具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
在本发明的上下文中,优选具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
在本发明的上下文中,优选具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
在本发明的上下文中,优选具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
在本发明的上下文中,优选具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
在本发明的上下文中,优选具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
在本发明的上下文中,优选具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
本发明还提供一种用于制备本发明化合物的方法,其特征在于[A]将式(I)的化合物
其中
R1代表氢或氯,
T1代表(C1-C4)烷基或苄基,
在惰性溶剂中在合适的碱或酸存在下反应以得到式(II)的羧酸
其中
R1代表氢或氯;
然后,其在惰性溶剂中在酰胺偶合条件下与选自
的胺反应以得到式(IV)的化合物
其中
R1代表氢或氯;
以及
R2代表(IV-A)、(IV-B)或(IV-C)
其中*代表氮原子的连接位点;
并且,如果R1代表氯,
则在合适的过渡金属催化剂存在下在惰性溶剂中氢化这些物质,
并任选地将所得的化合物用合适的(i)溶剂和/或(ii)酸或碱转化成其溶剂化物、盐和/或所述盐的溶剂化物。
所述的制备方法可通过下列合成方案(方案1)通过实施例的方式来说明:
方案1:
[a):氢氧化锂、THF/甲醇/H2O,RT;b):HATU,4-甲基吗啉或N,N-二异丙基乙胺、DMF;c):乙醇、活性炭上的钯(10%)、H2]。
式(III-A)、(III-B)和(III-C)的化合物为市售的或文献中已知的,或可以类似于文献方法进行制备。
用于酰胺偶合的合适的惰性溶剂为,例如,醚,例如二乙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、乙二醇二甲醚或二甘醇二甲醚;烃类,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、己烷、环己烷或矿物油馏分;卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯或氯苯;或者其他溶剂,例如丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、吡啶、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N'-二甲基丙烯基脲(DMPU)或N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)。同样可使用上述溶剂的混合物。优选二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或者这些溶剂的混合物。
用于酰胺形成的合适的缩合剂为,例如碳二亚胺类,例如N,N'-二乙基-、N,N'-二丙基-、N,N'-二异丙基-、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)或N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC);光气衍生物,例如N,N'-羰基二咪唑(CDI);1,2-噁唑鎓化合物,例如2-乙基-5-苯基-1,2-噁唑鎓-3-硫酸盐或2-叔丁基-5-甲基异噁唑鎓高氯酸盐;酰氨基化合物,例如2-乙氧基-1-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氢喹啉;或氯甲酸异丁酯、丙烷膦酸酐(T3P)、1-氯-N,N,2-三甲基丙-1-烯-1-胺、氰基膦酸二乙酯、双-(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)磷酰氯、苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)鏻六氟磷酸盐、苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(吡咯烷基)鏻六氟磷酸盐(PyBOP)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸盐(TBTU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐(HBTU)、2-(2-氧代-1-(2H)-吡啶基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸盐(TPTU)、O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐(HATU)或O-(1H-6-氯苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸盐(TCTU);其任选地与其它助剂(例如1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu))和作为碱的碱金属碳酸盐(例如碳酸钠或碳酸钾或碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾)或有机碱(例如三烷基胺,例如三乙胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-甲基哌啶或N,N-二异丙基乙胺)组合。优选使用与N-甲基吗啉组合的TBTU、与N,N-二异丙基乙胺或1-氯-N,N,2-三甲基丙-1-烯-1-胺组合的HATU。
缩合通常在-20℃至+100℃的温度范围内,优选在0℃至+60℃下进行。转化可在常压下、在加压下或者在减压下(例如0.5至5bar)进行。通常,反应在常压下进行。
或者,还可首先将式(II)的羧酸转化成相应的碳酰氯,然后可将碳酰氯直接转化或以与式(III)的胺的单独反应转化成本发明的化合物。由羧酸形成碳酰氯按照本领域技术人员已知的方法,例如在合适的碱存在下,例如在吡啶存在下以及任选添加二甲基甲酰胺,任选在合适的惰性溶剂中,用亚硫酰氯、磺酰氯或草酰氯处理来进行。
在式(I)的化合物中的酯基T1的水解利用常规的方法通过在惰性溶剂中用酸或碱处理该酯来进行,其中在用碱处理的情况下,首先将形成的盐通过用酸处理转化成游离的羧酸。在叔丁基酯的情况下,优选用酸进行酯水解。在苄基酯的情况下,酯水解优选用活性炭负载的钯或者雷尼镍氢解来进行。适合用于该反应的惰性溶剂为水或通常用于酯水解的有机溶剂。其优选包括醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇或叔丁醇;或者醚,例如二乙醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二噁烷或乙二醇二甲醚;或其它溶剂,例如丙酮、二氯甲烷、二甲基甲酰胺或二甲亚砜。还可使用所述溶剂的混合物。在碱性酯水解的情况下,优选使用水与二噁烷、四氢呋喃、甲醇和/或乙醇的混合物。
用于酯水解的适合的碱为常规的无机碱。其优选包括碱金属或者碱土金属的氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钾或者氢氧化钡;或者碱金属或碱土金属的碳酸盐,例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾或者碳酸钙。特别优选氢氧化钠或者氢氧化锂。
用于酯裂解的合适的酸通常为硫酸、氯化氢/盐酸、溴化氢/氢溴酸、磷酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸或者三氟甲磺酸或者其混合物,任选地添加水。在叔丁酯的情况下优选氯化氢或者三氟乙酸,而在甲酯的情况下优选盐酸。
所述酯水解通常在0℃至+100℃、优选在+0℃至+50℃的温度范围内进行。
这些转化可在常压下、在加压下或者在减压下(例如0.5至5bar)进行。通常,在每种情况下反应在常压下进行。
所用的氨基保护基团优选为叔丁氧基羰基(Boc)或苄氧基羰基(Z)。用于羟基或羧基官能团的保护基团优选为叔丁基或苄基。这些保护基团利用常用的方法分离,优选通过在惰性溶剂如二噁烷、二乙醚、二氯甲烷或乙酸中与强酸如氯化氢、溴化氢或三氟乙酸的反应进行;该分离任选也可在没有额外的惰性溶剂的情况下进行。在苄基和苄氧基羰基作为保护基团的情况下,还可通过在钯催化剂存在下氢解将其除去。所述保护基团的分离任选可同时在一锅法反应中或在各个反应步骤中进行。
在本文中苄基的除去通过从保护基团化学中已知的常规方法进行,优选通过在钯催化剂(例如活性炭负载的钯)的存在下在惰性溶剂(例如乙醇或乙酸乙酯)中氢解来进行(还参见,例如,T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,Wiley,New York,1999)。
式(I)的化合物已知于文献中或可通过下列方法制备:将式(V)的化合物
其中
R1代表氢或氯
在合适的碱存在下在惰性溶剂中与式(VI)的化合物反应
其中
X1代表合适的离去基团,特别是氯、溴、碘、甲磺酸根、三氟甲磺酸根或甲苯磺酸根,
得到式(VII)的化合物
其中
R1代表氢或氯
然后,其在惰性溶剂中与式(VIII)的化合物反应,
其中T1具有上述含义。
所述方法通过以下方案(方案2)以示例性方式说明:
方案2:
[a):i)NaOMe、MeOH,RT;ii)DMSO,RT;b):EtOH、分子筛,回流]。
可改变所示的合成顺序,以便各个反应步骤可以不同的顺序进行。该改变的合成顺序的实例示于方案3中。
方案3:
[a):EtOH,分子筛,回流;b):b)Cs2CO3,DMF,50℃]。
用于生成咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基础骨架的闭环(VII)+(VIII)→(I)或(V)+(VIII)→(IX)的惰性溶剂是常用的有机溶剂。其优选包括醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇或叔丁醇;或者醚,例如二乙醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二噁烷或乙二醇二甲醚;或其他溶剂,例如丙酮、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺或二甲亚砜。还可以使用所述溶剂的混合物。优选使用乙醇。
所述闭环通常在+50℃至+150℃,优选在+50℃至+100℃的温度范围内,任选在微波中进行。
所述闭环(VII)+(VIII)→(I)或(V)+(VIII)→(IX)任选地在脱水反应添加剂存在下,例如在分子筛(孔径)存在下或者借助水分离器进行。反应(VII)+(VIII)→(I)或(V)+(VIII)→(IX)使用过量的式(VIII)的反应物,例如用1至20当量的反应物(VIII)进行,任选添加碱(例如碳酸氢钠),其中该添加可一次性进行或者以多份进行。
作为方案1至3中所示的引入2,6-二氟苄基基团的替代方案,同样——如方案4所示——可在Mitsunobu反应的条件下将这些中间体与式(X)的醇反应。
方案4:
其中
R2代表式(III-A)、(III-B)和(III-C)的化合物
以及
其中T1具有上述给出的含义。
酚类与醇的这种Mitsunobu缩合的典型的反应条件可在相关文献,例如Hughes,D.L.Org.React.1992,42,335、Dembinski,R.Eur.J.Org.Chem.2004,2763中找到。典型地,该反应使用活化剂(例如偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD)或偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(DIAD))和膦试剂(例如三苯基膦或三丁基膦),在惰性试剂(例如THF、二氯甲烷、甲苯或DMF)中在0℃至所用溶剂沸点之间的温度下进行。
本发明的化合物具有有价值的药理学特性并且可用于预防和治疗人类和动物的疾病。本发明的化合物提供了一种其他的治疗替代方案从而扩大了药学领域。
本发明的化合物引起血管舒张和抑制血小板凝聚,并导致血压降低和冠状动脉血流量上升。这些效应经由可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶的直接刺激和cGMP中细胞内的上升来介导。另外,本发明的化合物增强提高cGMP水平的物质的作用,例如EDRF(内皮衍生的舒张因子)、NO供体、原卟啉IX、花生四烯酸或苯肼衍生物。
本发明的化合物适于治疗和/或预防心血管疾病、肺病、血栓栓塞性疾病和纤维化疾病。
因此,本发明的化合物可用在药物中用于治疗和/或预防下述疾病:心血管病症如高血压(血压过高)、顽固性高血压、急性和慢性心力衰竭、冠心病、稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛、外周和心脏血管疾病、心律失常、房性和室性心律失常及传导紊乱,例如,I-III度房室性传导阻滞(AB-阻滞I-III)、室上性快速型心律失常、心房颤动、心房扑动、心室颤动、心室扑动、室性快速型心律失常、尖端扭转型室性心动过速、房性和室性期外收缩、AV-交界区性期外收缩、病态窦房结综合征、晕厥、AV-结节折返性心动过速、沃-帕-怀三氏综合征、急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)、自身免疫性心脏疾病(心包炎、心内膜炎、心瓣膜炎(valvolitis)、主动脉炎、心肌病)、休克(如心源性休克、脓毒性休克和过敏性休克)、动脉瘤、拳击者心肌病(心室早发性收缩(PVC));用于治疗和/或预防下述疾病:血栓栓塞性疾病和缺血如心肌缺血、心肌梗死、中风、心脏肥大、暂时性和缺血性发作、惊厥前期、炎症性心血管病症、冠状动脉和外周动脉痉挛、水肿形成例如肺水肿、脑水肿、肾水肿或者由心力衰竭、外周循环紊乱、再灌注损伤、动脉和静脉血栓形成、微白蛋白尿、心肌衰弱、内皮功能障碍引起的水肿;用于防止例如在血栓溶解疗法、经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)、腔内冠状动脉血管成形术(PTCA)、心脏移植和旁路手术以及微血管和大血管损伤(脉管炎)、纤维蛋白原水平和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平升高以及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)的浓度增大之后的再狭窄;以及用于治疗和/或预防勃起功能障碍和女性性功能障碍。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“心力衰竭”包括急性和慢性形式的心力衰竭,还包括更具体或相关类型的疾病,例如急性代偿失调性心力衰竭、右心衰竭、左心衰竭、整体衰竭、缺血性心肌病、扩张型心肌病、肥厚型心肌病、特发性心肌病、先天性心脏缺损、心脏瓣膜缺损伴随的心力衰竭、二尖瓣狭窄、二尖瓣关闭不全、主动脉瓣狭窄、主动脉瓣关闭不全、三尖瓣狭窄、三尖瓣关闭不全、肺动脉瓣狭窄、肺动脉瓣关闭不全、复合性心脏瓣膜缺损、心肌炎症(心肌炎)、慢性心肌炎、急性心肌炎、病毒性心肌炎、糖尿病性心力衰竭、酒精性心肌病、心脏贮积性疾病、舒张性心力衰竭和收缩性心力衰竭和现有慢性心力衰竭的恶化急性期(恶化心力衰竭)。
另外,本发明的化合物还可用于治疗和/或预防动脉硬化、受损的脂质代谢、低脂蛋白血症(hypolipoproteinemias)、血脂异常、高甘油三酯血症、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症、无β脂蛋白血症(abetelipoproteinaemia)、谷固醇血症、黄瘤病、丹吉尔病、肥胖症、肥胖以及复合性高脂血症和代谢综合征。
本发明的化合物还用于治疗和/或预防原发性和继发性雷诺现象、微循环受损、跛行、外周和自主神经病、糖尿病性微血管病、糖尿病性视网膜病、四肢糖尿病性溃疡、坏疽、CREST综合征、红斑病(erythematosis)、甲癣、风湿病以及用于促进伤口愈合。
本发明的化合物还适用于治疗泌尿科疾病,例如良性前列腺综合征(BPS)、良性前列腺增生(BPH)、良性前列腺肿大(BPE)、膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)、下泌尿道综合征(LUTS,包括猫泌尿综合症(FUS));泌尿生殖系统的疾病,包括神经性膀胱过度活动症(OAB)和(IC)、失禁(UI)(例如混合性尿失禁、压迫性尿失禁、压力性尿失禁或溢流性尿失禁(MUI、UUI、SUI、OUI))、盆腔疼痛、男性和女性的泌尿生殖系统的器官的良性和恶性疾病。
本发明的化合物还适用于治疗和/或预防肾疾病,特别是急性和慢性的肾机能不全,以及急性和慢性肾衰竭。在本发明的上下文中,术语“肾机能不全”包括肾机能不全的急性和慢性表现,以及潜在的或相关的肾疾病,如肾灌注不足、透析性低血压、梗阻性尿路病、肾小球病、肾小球肾炎、急性肾小球肾炎、肾小球硬化症、肾小管间质性疾病、肾病变疾病(例如原发性和先天性肾病)、肾炎、免疫性肾疾病(例如肾移植排斥和免疫复合物诱发的肾病)、毒性物质诱发的肾病变、造影剂诱发的肾病变、糖尿病性和非糖尿病性肾病变、肾盂肾炎、肾囊肿、肾硬化、高血压性肾硬化和肾病综合征,所述疾病可在诊断上例如具有如下特征:异常减少的肌酸酐和/或水排泄,异常增高的尿、氮、钾和/或肌酸酐的血浓度、改变的肾酶(例如谷氨酰合成酶)活性、改变的尿渗透性或尿量、增加的微白蛋白尿、大蛋白尿、肾小球和微动脉上的损伤、肾小管扩张、高磷酸酯酶血症和/或需要透析。本发明还包括本发明的化合物用于治疗和/或预防肾机能不全后遗症的用途,例如肺水肿、心力衰竭、尿毒症、贫血、电解质疾病(例如高钙血症、低钠血症)以及骨和碳水化合物代谢的疾病。
另外,本发明的化合物还适用于治疗和/或预防哮喘疾病、肺动脉高血压(PAH)和其他形式的肺性高血压(PH),包括与左心疾病-、HIV-、镰状细胞贫血-、血栓栓塞(CTEPH)-、结节病-、COPD-或肺纤维化-相关的肺性高血压,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),急性呼吸道综合征(ARDS),急性肺损伤(ALI),α-1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症(AATD),肺纤维化,肺气肿(例如吸烟诱导的肺气肿)和囊性纤维化(CF)。
本发明所述的化合物还为用于防治以NO/cGMP系统异常为特征的中枢神经系统疾病的活性成分。其特别适用于在认知损伤后改善知觉、注意力、学习能力或记忆力;所述认知损伤如特别是伴随着状况/疾病/综合征发生的那些,例如轻度认知损伤、年龄相关性学习和记忆力减退、年龄相关性记忆丧失、溢血性痴呆、颅脑创伤、中风、中风后发生的痴呆(中风后痴呆)、创伤后颅脑创伤、一般性注意力损伤、具有学习和记忆力问题的儿童的注意力损伤、阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆、额叶变性的痴呆(包括皮克氏综合征、帕金森氏病、渐进性核麻痹)、皮质基底变性痴呆、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、亨廷顿舞蹈病、脱髓鞘作用、多发性硬化症、丘脑退化、克-雅氏痴呆、HIV痴呆、伴有痴呆的精神分裂或Korsakoff精神病。其还适用于治疗和/或预防中枢神经系统疾病例如焦虑状态、紧张状态和抑郁状态、CNS相关的性功能障碍和睡眠紊乱以及用于防治食物、兴奋剂和成瘾性物质摄取的病理紊乱。
另外,本发明的化合物还适用于调节脑血流量并且是用于防治偏头疼的有效药剂。它们还适用于预防和防治脑梗塞(脑卒中)的后遗症如中风、脑缺血和颅脑创伤。本发明的化合物同样可用于防治疼痛和耳鸣的状态。
此外,本发明的化合物具有消炎作用,因此可作为消炎剂用于治疗和/或预防败血症(SIRS)、多器官功能衰竭(MODS、MOF)、肾脏的炎性疾病、慢性肠炎(IBD、Crohn病、UC)、胰腺炎、腹膜炎、类风湿疾病、炎性皮肤病和炎性眼病。
此外,本发明的化合物还可用于治疗和/或预防自身免疫性疾病。
本发明的化合物还适用于治疗和/或预防内脏器官例如肺、心脏、肾脏、骨髓以及特别是肝脏的纤维化疾病,以及皮肤纤维化和纤维化眼病。在本发明的上下文中,术语纤维化疾病特别包括下列术语:肝纤维化、肝硬化、肺纤维化、心内膜心肌纤维化、肾病、肾小球性肾炎、间质性肾纤维化、糖尿病引起的纤维化损伤、骨髓纤维化和类似的纤维化疾病、硬皮病、硬斑病、瘢痕疙瘩、肥厚型疤痕(还在外科手术后形成)、痣、糖尿病性视网膜病变、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变和结缔组织疾病(例如结节病)。
本发明的化合物还适用于防治术后疤痕形成,例如青光眼手术导致的疤痕。
本发明的化合物还可美容性地用于老化和角质化的皮肤。
另外,本发明的化合物适用于治疗和/或预防肝炎、肿瘤、骨质疏松症、青光眼和胃轻瘫。
本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于治疗和/或预防疾病——特别是上述疾病——的用途。
本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于治疗和/或预防心力衰竭、心绞痛、高血压、肺动脉高血压、缺血、血管疾病、肾机能不全、血栓栓塞性疾病、纤维化疾病和动脉硬化的用途。
本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于治疗和/或预防心力衰竭、心绞痛、高血压、肺动脉高血压、缺血、血管疾病、肾机能不全、血栓栓塞性疾病、纤维化疾病和动脉硬化的方法中。
本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于制备治疗和/或预防疾病——特别是上述疾病——的药物的用途。
本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于制备治疗和/或预防心力衰竭、心绞痛、高血压、肺动脉高血压、缺血、血管疾病、肾机能不全、血栓栓塞性疾病、纤维化疾病和动脉硬化的药物的用途。
本发明还提供一种治疗和/或预防疾病——特别是上述疾病——的方法,其使用有效量的至少一种本发明的化合物。
本发明还提供一种治疗和/或预防心力衰竭、心绞痛、高血压、肺动脉高血压、缺血、血管疾病、肾机能不全、血栓栓塞性疾病、纤维化疾病和动脉硬化的方法,其使用有效量的至少一种本发明的化合物。
本发明的化合物可单独使用或者,若需要的话,与其他活性化合物组合使用。本发明进一步提供包含至少一种本发明的化合物和一种或多种其他活性化合物的药物,其尤其是用于治疗和/或预防上述疾病。适用于组合的活性成分的优选实例包括:
·有机硝酸盐/酯和NO供体,例如硝普钠、硝化甘油、单硝酸异山梨酯、二硝酸异山梨酯、吗多明或SIN-1,和吸入性NO;
·抑制环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)分解的化合物,例如,磷酸二酯酶(PDE)1、2和/或5的抑制剂,特别是PDE5抑制剂例如西地那非(sildenafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)和他达拉非(tadalafil);
·抗血栓形成试剂,例如并优选选自血小板凝聚抑制剂、抗凝血剂或纤溶酶原物质;
·降低血压活性物质,例如并优选选自钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素AII拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂、内皮素拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、α-受体阻滞剂、β-受体阻滞剂、盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂和利尿剂;和/或
·改变脂类代谢的活性化合物,例如并优选选自甲状腺受体激动剂,胆固醇合成抑制剂(例如并优选HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂或角鲨烯合成抑制剂),ACAT抑制剂,CETP抑制剂,MTP抑制剂,PPAR-α、PPAR-γ-和/或PPAR-δ-激动剂,胆固醇吸收抑制剂,脂肪酶抑制剂,多聚胆汁酸吸附剂,胆汁酸重吸收抑制剂和脂蛋白(a)拮抗剂。
抗血栓形成试剂优选理解为意指选自血小板凝聚抑制剂、抗凝血剂或纤溶酶原物质的化合物。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与血小板凝聚抑制剂组合施用,所述血小板凝聚抑制剂例如且优选为阿司匹林、氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)、噻氯匹定(ticlopidine)或双嘧达莫(dipyridamole)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与凝血酶抑制剂组合施用,所述凝血酶抑制剂例如并优选为希美加群(ximelagatran)、达比加群(dabigatran)、美拉加群(melagatran)、比伐卢定(bivalirudin)或克赛(clexane)。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,本发明的化合物与GPIIb/IIIa拮抗剂组合施用,所述GPIIb/IIIa拮抗剂例如并优选为替罗非班(tirofiban)或阿昔单抗(abciximab)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与Xa因子抑制剂组合施用,所述Xa因子抑制剂例如并优选为利伐沙班(BAY59-7939)、DU-176b、阿派沙班(apixaban)、奥米沙班(otamixaban)、非德沙班(fidexaban)、雷扎沙班(razaxaban)、磺达肝素(fondaparinux)、依达肝素(idraparinux)、PMD-3112、YM-150、KFA-1982、EMD-503982、MCM-17、MLN-1021、DX9065a、DPC906、JTV803、SSR-126512或SSR-128428。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与肝素或低分子量(LMW)肝素衍生物组合施用。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与维生素K拮抗剂组合施用,所述维生素K拮抗剂例如并优选为香豆素。
降低血压试剂优选地理解为是指选自下述的化合物:钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素AII拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂、内皮素拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、α-受体阻滞剂、β-受体阻滞剂、盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂和利尿剂。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与钙拮抗剂组合施用,所述钙拮抗剂例如并优选为硝苯地平(nifedipine)、氨氯地平(amlodipine)、维拉帕米(verapamil)或地尔硫(diltiazem)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与α-1-受体阻滞剂组合施用,所述α-1-受体阻滞剂例如并优选为哌唑嗪。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与β-受体阻滞剂组合施用,所述β-受体阻滞剂例如并优选为普萘洛尔(propranolol)、阿替洛尔(atenolol)、噻吗洛尔(timolol)、吲哚洛尔(pindolol)、阿普洛尔(alprenolol)、氧烯洛尔(oxprenolol)、喷布洛尔(penbutolol)、布拉洛尔(bupranolol)、美替洛尔(metipranolol)、纳多洛尔(nadolol)、甲吲洛尔(mepindolol)、卡拉洛尔(carazalol)、索他洛尔(sotalol)、美托洛尔(metoprolol)、倍他洛尔(betaxolol)、塞利洛尔(celiprolol)、比索洛尔(bisoprolol)、卡替洛尔(carteolol)、艾司洛尔(esmolol)、拉贝洛尔(labetalol)、卡维地洛(carvedilol)、阿达洛尔(adaprolol)、兰地洛尔(landiolol)、奈必洛尔(nebivolol)、依泮洛尔(epanolol)或布新洛尔(bucindolol)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与血管紧张素AII拮抗剂组合施用,所述血管紧张素AII拮抗剂例如并优选为氯沙坦(losartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、缬沙坦(valsartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)或恩布沙坦(embursatan)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与ACE抑制剂组合施用,所述ACE抑制剂例如并优选为依那普利(enalapril)、卡托普利(captopril)、赖诺普利(lisinopril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、地拉普利(delapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、喹那普利(quinopril)、培哚普利(perindopril)或川多普利(trandopril)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与内皮素拮抗剂组合施用,所述内皮素拮抗剂例如并优选为波生坦(bosentan)、达卢生坦(darusentan)、安倍生坦(ambrisentan)或西他生坦(sitaxsentan)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与肾素抑制剂组合施用,所述肾素抑制剂例如并优选为阿利吉仑(aliskiren)、SPP-600或SPP-800。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂组合施用,所述盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂例如并优选为螺内酯或依普利酮(eplerenone)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与袢利尿剂例如呋塞米(furosemide)、托拉塞米(torasemide)、布美他尼(bumetanide)和吡咯他尼(piretanide)组合施用;与保钾利尿剂例如阿米洛利(amiloride)和氨苯蝶啶(triamterene)组合施用;与醛固酮拮抗剂例如螺内酯、坎利酸钾(potassium canrenoate)和依普利酮组合施用;以及与噻嗪类利尿剂例如氢氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、希帕胺(xipamide)和吲达帕胺(indapamide)组合施用。
脂类代谢调节剂优选理解为意指选自以下的化合物:CETP抑制剂、甲状腺受体激动剂、胆固醇合成抑制剂(例如HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂或角鲨烯合成抑制剂)、ACAT抑制剂、MTP抑制剂、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ和/或PPAR-δ激动剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、多聚胆汁酸吸附剂、胆汁酸重吸收抑制剂、脂肪酶抑制剂和脂蛋白(a)拮抗剂。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与CETP抑制剂组合施用,所述CETP抑制剂例如并优选为达塞曲匹(dalcetrapib)、BAY60-5521、anacetrapib或CETP疫苗(CETi-1)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与甲状腺受体激动剂组合施用,所述甲状腺受体激动剂例如并优选为D-甲状腺素、3,5,3'-三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、CGS23425或阿昔替罗(CGS26214)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与选自他汀类的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂组合施用,所述HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂例如并优选为洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、罗舒伐他汀或匹伐他汀。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与角鲨烯合成抑制剂组合施用,所述角鲨烯合成抑制剂例如并优选为BMS-188494或TAK-475。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与ACAT抑制剂组合施用,所述ACAT抑制剂例如并优选为阿伐麦布(avasimibe)、甲亚油脂酰胺(melinamide)、帕替麦布(pactimibe)、eflucimibe或SMP-797。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与MTP抑制剂组合施用,所述MTP抑制剂例如并优选为英普他派(implitapide)、BMS-201038、R-103757或JTT-130。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与PPAR-γ激动剂组合施用,所述PPAR-γ激动剂例如并优选为吡格列酮(pioglitazone)或罗格列酮(rosiglitazone)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与PPAR-δ激动剂组合施用,所述PPAR-δ激动剂例如并优选为GW 501516或BAY 68-5042。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与胆固醇吸收抑制剂组合施用,所述胆固醇吸收抑制剂例如并优选为依折麦布(ezetimibe)、替奎安(tiqueside)或帕马苷(pamaqueside)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与脂肪酶抑制剂组合施用,所述脂肪酶抑制剂例如并优选为奥利司他(orlistat)。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与多聚胆汁酸吸附剂组合施用,所述多聚胆汁酸吸附剂例如并优选为考来烯胺(cholestyramine)、考来替泊(colestipol)、colesolvam、考来胶(CholestaGel)或colestimide。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与胆汁酸重吸收抑制剂组合施用,所述胆汁酸重吸收抑制剂例如并优选为ASBT(=IBAT)抑制剂,例如AZD-7806、S-8921、AK-105、BARI-1741、SC-435或SC-635。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物与脂蛋白(a)拮抗剂组合施用,所述脂蛋白(a)拮抗剂例如并优选为吉卡宾钙(gemcabene calcium)(CI-1027)或烟酸。
本发明进一步提供药物,其包含至少一种本发明化合物、通常伴有一种或多种惰性、无毒、药学上合适的赋形剂;及其用于上面所述目的的用途。
本发明的化合物可全身和/或局部地作用。为此目的,它们可以适合的方式给药,例如通过口服、肠胃外、经肺、经鼻、舌下、经舌、经颊、直肠、真皮、经皮、结膜或耳道给药,或作为植入物或支架给药。
本发明的化合物可以适于这些给药途径的给药形式来给药。
就口服给药而言,合适的给药形式为下述那些:其根据现有技术起作用,并快速地和/或以经修饰的方式释放本发明化合物;其包含结晶和/或无定形化和/或溶解形式的本发明化合物,例如片剂(无包衣或包衣片剂,例如具有耐胃液性或减缓溶解性或不溶性包衣,其控制本发明化合物的释放)、在口腔中快速崩解的片剂或膜/扁圆片、膜/冻干剂、胶囊剂(例如硬或软明胶胶囊剂)、糖衣片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、粉剂、乳剂、悬浮剂、气雾剂或溶液剂。
肠胃外给药可在避免再吸收步骤(例如通过静脉内、动脉内、心内、脊柱内或腰髓内途径)情况下或在再吸收(例如肌肉内、皮下、皮内、经皮或腹膜内途径)情况下实现。适用于肠胃外给药的给药形式包括以溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、冻干剂或无菌粉剂形式的注射和输注用制剂。
就其它给药途径而言,合适的实例为可吸入药物形式(尤其是粉末吸入剂和喷雾剂)、滴鼻剂、溶液剂或喷剂、用于舌、舌下或经颊给药的片剂、膜剂/扁圆片剂或胶囊剂、栓剂、耳或眼用制剂、阴道胶囊剂、含水悬浮剂(洗剂、振摇混合物)、亲脂性悬浮剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、经皮治疗体系(例如膏药)、乳状液、膏剂、泡沫剂、扑粉、植入物或支架。
优选口服或肠胃外给药,尤其是口服给药。
可将本发明的化合物转化成所述的给药形式。这可以本身已知的方式,通过与惰性、无毒、药学上合适的助剂混合来实现。这些助剂包括载体(例如微晶纤维素、乳糖、甘露糖醇)、溶剂(例如液体聚乙二醇)、乳化剂和分散剂或润湿剂(例如十二烷基硫酸钠、聚氧山梨醇甘油酸酯)、粘合剂(例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)、合成的和天然的聚合物(例如白蛋白)、稳定剂(例如抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸)、着色剂(例如无机颜料例如铁氧化物)以及味道和/或气味矫正剂。
一般而言,已发现有利的是,在肠胃外给药的情况下给药量为约0.001至1mg/kg体重,优选约0.01至0.5mg/kg体重,以取得有效的效果。在口服给药的情况下,所述剂量为约0.001-2mg/kg,优选约0.001-1mg/kg体重。
然而,在某些情况下可能需要偏离所具体指明的量,具体而言其随着体重、给药途径、活性化合物的个体反应、制剂的性质和给药进行的时间或间隔而变化。因而,在一些情况下,用小于上述最小量可足以应付,而在其他情况下,必须超过所述上限。在更大量的给药情况下,在一天中将其分成多个单独剂量可能是恰当的。
下列工作实施例阐明了本发明。本发明不限于所述实施例。
除非另有说明,在下列实验和实施例中的百分比是重量百分比,份是重量份。用于液/液溶液的溶剂比、稀释比和浓度数据各自基于体积计。
A.实施例
缩写和首字母简略词:
LC/MS和HPLC方法:
方法1(LC-MS):
仪器:具有Waters UPLC Acquity的Micromass Quattro Premier;柱:ThermoHypersil GOLD 1.9μ50x 1mm;流动相A:1l的水+0.5ml的50%甲酸,流动相B:1l的乙腈+0.5ml的50%浓度的甲酸:梯度:0.0min 90%A→0.1min 90%A→1.5min 10%A→2.2min10%A;烘箱:50℃;流速:0.33ml/min;UV检测:210nm。
方法2(LC-MS):
仪器:Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC System;柱:Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8μ50x 1mm;流动相A:1l的水+0.25ml的99%甲酸,流动相B:1l的乙腈+0.25ml的99%浓度的甲酸;梯度:0.0min 90%A→1.2min 5%A→2.0min 5%A;烘箱:50℃;流速:0.40ml/min;UV检测:210-400nm。
方法3(LC-MS):
仪器:具有Waters UPLC Acquity的Micromass Quattro Premier;柱:ThermoHypersil GOLD 1.9μ50x 1mm;流动相A:1l的水+0.5ml的50%甲酸,流动相B:1l的乙腈+0.5ml的50%浓度的甲酸;梯度:0.0min 97%A→0.5min 97%A→3.2min 5%A→4.0min5%A;烘箱:50℃;流速:0.3ml/min;UV检测:210nm。
方法4(LC-MS):
MS仪器:Waters(Micromass)QM;HPLC仪器:Agilent 1100系列;柱:Agilent ZORBAExtend-C18 3.0x 50mm 3.5微米;流动相A:1l的水+0.01mol的碳酸铵,流动相B:1l的乙腈;梯度:0.0min 98%A→0.2min 98%A→3.0min 5%A→4.5min 5%A;烘箱:40℃;流速:1.75ml/min;UV检测:210nm。
方法5(LC-MS):
仪器:Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC System;柱:Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8μ30x 2mm;流动相A:1l的水+0.25ml的99%甲酸,流动相B:1l的乙腈+0.25ml的99%浓度的甲酸;梯度:0.0min 90%A→1.2min 5%A→2.0min 5%A;烘箱:50℃;流速:0.60ml/min;UV检测:208-400nm
方法6(GC-MS):
仪器:Thermo Scientific DSQII,Thermo Scientific Trace GC Ultra;柱:Restek RTX-35MS,15m x 200μm x 0.33μm;氦的恒定流速:1.20ml/min;烘箱:60℃;入口:220℃;梯度:60℃,30℃/min→300℃(保持3.33min)。
除非另有说明,在下列实验和实施例中的百分比是重量百分比,份是重量份。用于液/液溶液的溶剂比、稀释比和浓度数据各自基于体积计。
在下列段落中报道的1H NMR谱中的质子信号的多重峰代表在每种情况下所观察到的信号形式,并未考虑任何高阶信号现象。在所有的1H NMR谱数据中,化学位移δ以ppm表示。
另外,起始材料、中间体和工作实施例可以水合物存在。未进行水含量的定量测定。在某些情况下,所述水合物可影响1H NMR谱,并可能移动和/或显著地拓宽1H NMR中的水信号。
在1H NMR谱中,化学体系“2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶”的甲基基团以单峰出现(往往在DMSO-d6中以及在2.40-2.60ppm范围内),并且本身是清晰可辨别的并与溶剂信号重叠或完全在溶剂信号之下。在1H NMR谱中,可假设该信号是存在的。
当利用上述方法(其中洗脱液包含添加剂,例如三氟乙酸、甲酸或氨)通过制备型HPLC纯化本发明化合物时,如果本发明化合物包含充足的碱性或酸性官能度,则本发明化合物可以盐形式得到,例如作为三氟乙酸盐、甲酸盐或铵盐。这种盐可通过本领域技术人员已知的多种方法转化成相应的游离碱或酸。
在下述本发明的合成中间体和工作实施例的情况下,任何具体指明的以相应碱或酸的盐形式的化合物通常为未知精确化学计量的组合物的盐,如通过各自的制备和/或纯化方法得到的。因此,除非详细具体说明,在这种盐的情况下,添加的名称和结构式(例如“盐酸盐”、“三氟乙酸盐”、“钠盐”或“x HCl”、“x CF3COOH”、“x Na+”)不应当理解为按化学计量的意义,但是就其中存在的成盐组分而言,其仅仅具有描述性特征。
这相应地适用于如果合成中间体或工作实施例或其盐通过所述制备和/或纯化方法以未知化学计量的组合物的溶剂化物(例如水合物)的形式(假设它们为确定的类型)来得到。
起始材料和中间体:
实施例1A
5-氯-2-硝基吡啶-3-醇
在冰冷却下,将30g的5-氯吡啶-3-醇(232mmol,1当量)溶解在228ml浓硫酸中,并在0℃下缓慢地加入24ml浓硝酸。将反应加热至RT,搅拌过夜,然后搅拌入冰/水混合物中并再搅拌30min。将固体滤出,用冷水洗涤并用空气干燥。得到33g(理论的82%)标题化合物,将其不经进一步纯化地用于下一步反应。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.60min
MS(ESneg):m/z=172.9/174.9(M-H)-
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=7.71(d,1H);8.10(d,1H);
12.14(br.1H)。
实施例2A
5-氯-3-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-硝基吡啶
首先将33g的5-氯-2-硝基吡啶-3-醇(实施例1A;189mmol,1当量)和61.6g的碳酸铯(189mmol,1当量)加入528ml的DMF中,加入40.4g的2,6-二氟苄基溴化物(189mmol,1当量)并将混合物在RT下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物搅拌入水/1N盐酸水溶液中。将固体滤出,用水洗涤并用空气干燥,得到54.9g(理论的97%)标题化合物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=5.46(s,2H);7.22(t,2H);7.58(q,1H);8.28(d,1H);8.47(d,1H)。
实施例3A
5-氯-3-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺
首先将59.7g的5-氯-3-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-硝基吡啶(199mmol,1当量)加入600ml的乙醇中,加入34.4g的铁粉(616mmol,3.1当量),并将混合物加热回流。缓慢地滴加152ml的浓盐酸,并将混合物在回流下再沸腾30min。将反应混合物冷却,并搅拌至冰水混合物中。将所得的混合物用乙酸钠调节至pH为5。将固体滤出,用水洗涤并用空气干燥,然后在50℃下减压下干燥。得到52.7g(理论的98%)标题化合物。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.93min
MS(ESpos):m/z=271.1/273.1(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=5.14(s,2H);5.82(br.s,2H);7.20(t,2H);7.35(d,1H);7.55(q,1H);7.56(d,1H)。
实施例4A
6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯
首先将40g的5-氯-3-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺(实施例3A;147.8mmol,1当量)加入800ml乙醇中,加入30g粉末状分子筛和128g的2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯(739mmol,5当量),并将混合物在回流下加热过夜。将反应混合物浓缩,并将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯中并过滤。将乙酸乙酯相用水洗涤,干燥,过滤和浓缩。得到44g(理论的78%)标题化合物。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.27min
MS(ESpos):m/z=381.2/383.2(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.36(t,3H);2.54(s,3H;被DMSO信号掩蔽);4.37(q,2H);5.36(s,2H);7.26(t,2H);7.38(d,1H);7.62(q,1H);8.92(d,1H)。
实施例5A
6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸
将44g的6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯(实施例4A;115mmol,1当量)溶解在550ml的THF和700ml的甲醇中,加入13.8g的氢氧化锂(其溶解在150ml的水中;577mmol,5当量),并将混合物在RT下搅拌过夜。加入1N的盐酸水溶液并将混合物在减压下浓缩。将所得的固体滤出并用水洗涤。得到34g标题化合物(理论的84%)。
LC-MS(方法1):Rt=1.03min
MS(ESpos):m/z=353.0/355.0(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.54(s,3H;与DMSO信号重叠);5.36(s,2H);7.26(t,2H);7.34(d,1H);7.61(q,1H);8.99(d,1H);13.36(br.s,1H)。
实施例6A
3-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺
在RT下,首先将51g的甲醇钠(953mmol,1.05当量)加入1000ml的甲醇中,加入100g的2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶(908mmol,1当量),并将混合物在RT下再搅拌15min。将反应混合物在减压下浓缩,将残余物溶于2500ml的DMSO中,并加入197g的2,6-二氟苄基溴化物(953mmol,1.05当量)。在RT下4h后,将反应混合物倒入20l的水中,将混合物再搅拌15min并过滤出固体。将该固体用1l的水和100ml的异丙醇和500ml的石油醚洗涤并在高真空下干燥。得到171g标题化合物(理论的78%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=5.10(s,2H);5.52(br.s,2H),6.52(dd,1H);7.16-7.21(m,3H);7.49-7.56(m,2H)。
实施例7A
8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯
首先将170g的3-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺(实施例6A;719mmol,1当量)加入3800ml的乙醇中,并加入151g粉末状分子筛和623g的2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯(3.6mol,5当量)。将反应混合物在回流下加热24h,然后通过硅胶滤出并在减压下浓缩。将混合物在RT下保持48h,并滤出所形成的固体。然后用少量的异丙醇将固体搅拌三次,然后滤出,并用二乙醚洗涤。得到60.8g(理论的23%)标题化合物。将过滤步骤合并的滤液浓缩,并将残余物用环己烷/二乙醚流动相在硅胶上进行色谱分析。又得到46.5g(理论的18%;总收率:理论的41%)标题化合物。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.01min
MS(ESpos):m/z=347(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.36(t,3H);2.54(s,3H;被DMSO信号掩蔽);4.36(q,2H);5.33(s,2H);7.11(t,1H);7.18-7.27(m,3H);7.59(quint,1H);8.88(d,1H)。
实施例8A
8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸
将107g的8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯(实施例7A;300mmol,1当量)溶于2.8l的THF/甲醇(1:1)中,加入1.5l的1N氢氧化锂水溶液(1.5mol,5当量),并将混合物在RT下搅拌16h。将有机溶剂在减压下除去,并在冰浴中用1N的盐酸水溶液将所得水溶液调节至pH为3-4。将所得固体滤出,用水和异丙醇洗涤并在减压下干燥。得到92g(理论的95%)标题化合物。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.62min
MS(ESpos):m/z=319.1(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.55(s,3H;与DMSO信号重叠);5.32(s,2H);7.01(t,1H);7.09(d,1H);7.23(t,2H);7.59(quint,1H);9.01(d,1H)。
实施例9A
rac-2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊腈
首先将8.0g(57.1mmol)的5,5,5-三氟戊-2-酮[CAS登录号:1341078-97-4;为市售的,或者该甲基酮可通过本领域技术人员已知的文献方法来制备,例如通过a)根据Y.Baiet al.Angewandte Chemie 2012,51,4112-4116、K.Hiroi et al.Synlett 2001,263-265、K.Mikami et al.1982Chemistry Letters,1349-1352由4,4,4-三氟丁醛通过两步法制备;b)或根据A.A.Wube et al.Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 2011,19,567-579、G.M.Rubottom et al.Journal of Organic Chemistry 1983,48,1550-1552、T.Chen etal.Journal of Organic Chemistry 1996,61,4716-4719由4,4,4-三氟丁酸来制备。该产品可通过蒸馏或色谱法来分离。]加入47.8ml的2N氨的甲醇溶液中,在室温下加入3.69g(75.4mmol)的氰化钠和4.03g(75.4mmol)的氯化铵,并将混合物在回流下搅拌4小时。将反应混合物冷却,加入二乙醚并将存在的固体滤出。将滤液中的溶剂在标准压力下蒸馏出来。得到作为残余物的8.7g标题化合物(理论的92%),将其用于后续阶段而不经进一步纯化。
GC-MS(方法6):Rt=1.90min
MS(ESpos):m/z=151(M-CH3)+
实施例10A
rac-苄基(2-氰基-5,5,5-三氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯
首先将8.7g(52.36mmol)的来自实施例9A的rac-2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊腈加入128ml的四氢呋喃/水=9/1中,并加入22.43g(162.3mmol)的碳酸钾。在0℃下,缓慢地滴加8.93g(52.36mmol)的氯甲酸苄基酯。然后将混合物逐渐温热至室温,并在室温下搅拌过夜。将上清液溶剂慢慢倒出,每次用100ml的四氢呋喃将残余物搅拌两次,然后每次都将上清液溶剂慢慢倒出。将合并的有机相浓缩,并将粗产品通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度9/1至4/1)纯化。得到11.14g标题化合物(理论的68%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.01min
MS(ESpos):m/z=301(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.58(s,3H),2.08-2.21(m,2H),2.24-2.52(m,2H),5.09(s,2H),7.29-7.41(m,5H),8.17(br.s,1H)。
实施例11A
ent-苄基(2-氰基-5,5,5-三氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)
通过手性相上的制备型分离将11.14g的来自实施例10A的rac-苄基(2-氰基-5,5,5-三氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯分离成对映异构体[柱:Daicel Chiralpak AZ-H,5μm,SFC,250x 50mm;流动相:94%二氧化碳,6%甲醇;流速:200ml/min,温度:38℃,压力:135bar;检测:210nm]。
对映异构体A:4.12g(约79%ee)
Rt=1.60min[SFC,Daicel Chiralpak AZ-H,250x 4.6mm,5μm;流动相:90%二氧化碳,10%的醇;流速:3ml/min,温度:30℃,检测:220nm]。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.01min
MS(ESpos):m/z=301(M+H)+
实施例12A
ent-苄基(2-氰基-5,5,5-三氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)
通过手性相上的制备型分离将11.14g的来自实施例10A的rac-苄基(2-氰基-5,5,5-三氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯分离成对映异构体[柱:Daicel Chiralpak AZ-H,5μm,SFC,250x 50mm;流动相:94%二氧化碳,6%甲醇;流速:200ml/min,温度:38℃,压力:135bar;检测:210nm]。
对映异构体B:4.54g(约70%ee,约89%的纯度)
Rt=1.91min[SFC,Daicel Chiralpak AZ-H,250x 4.6mm,5μm;流动相:90%二氧化碳,10%甲醇;流速:3ml/min,温度:30℃,检测:220nm]。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.01min
MS(ESpos):m/z=301(M+H)+
实施例13A
ent-苄基(1-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)
将4.12g(13.17mmol)的来自实施例11A的ent-苄基(2-氰基-5,5,5-三氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)溶解在39ml的7N的氨于甲醇的溶液中,并在氩气下加入4g的雷尼镍(50%的含水浆液)。将反应混合物在高压釜中在20-30bar下氢化过夜。再加入1g雷尼镍(50%的含水浆液),并将反应混合物在高压釜中在20-30bar下氢化5h。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤,用甲醇洗涤并浓缩。得到3.35g(理论的56%;纯度约67%)目标化合物,将其用于后续阶段而不经进一步纯化。
LC-MS(方法5):Rt=1.68min
MS(ESpos):m/z=305(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.13(s,3H),1.40(br.s,2H),1.70-1.80(m,1H),1.83-1.95(m,1H),2.08-2.2(m,2H),4.98(s,2H),6.85(br.s,1H),7.28-7.41(m,5H)。
实施例14A
ent-苄基(1-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)
将4.54g(13.45mmol;纯度约89%)的来自实施例12A的ent-苄基(2-氰基-5,5,5-三氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)溶解在39ml的7N的氨于甲醇的溶液中,并在氩气下加入5g的雷尼镍(50%的含水浆液)。将反应混合物在高压釜中在20-30bar下氢化3h。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤,用甲醇洗涤并浓缩。得到4.20g(理论的97%;纯度约95%)目标化合物,将其用于后续阶段而不经进一步纯化。
LC-MS(方法4):Rt=2.19min
MS(ESpos):m/z=305(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.13(s,3H),1.40(br.s,2H),1.69-1.80(m,1H),1.83-1.96(m,1H),2.07-2.22(m,2H),4.98(s,2H),6.85(br.s,1H),7.27-7.40(m,5H)。
实施例15A
rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-4,4-二氟丁腈
首先将18g(81.72mmol)的[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]乙腈加入500ml的abs.THF中,并在氩气下于-78℃下加入39.22ml(98.06mmol)的正丁基锂(在己烷中2.5N),并将混合物在-78℃下搅拌15min。然后,将反应溶液温热至0℃。逐滴加入17.25g(89.89mmol)的1,1-二氟-2-碘乙烷,并在0℃下将混合物再搅拌15min。在0℃下,先将水,后将乙酸乙酯加入反应溶液中,并用半饱和的氯化钠水溶液将混合物洗涤三次。将合并的水相用乙酸乙酯重萃取两次。将合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:二氯甲烷/环己烷=1/1)纯化。得到13.57g目标化合物(理论的49%,纯度为84%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=2.48min
MS(ESpos):m/z=285(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.53-2.61(m,2H;与溶剂峰部分重叠),4.50(t,1H),6.08-6.41(m,1H),7.23-7.33(m,2H),7.38-7.47(m,2H),7.49-7.67(m,6H).
实施例16A
rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-氟戊腈
在氩气下于-78℃下向18g(81.72mmol)的[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]乙腈于500ml的abs.THF的初始进料中加入39.22ml(98.06mmol)的正丁基锂(在己烷中2.5N),并将混合物在-78℃下搅拌15min。然后,将反应溶液温热至0℃,并向反应溶液中逐滴加入16.9g(89.89mmol)的1-氟-3-碘丙烷,其在0℃下再搅拌15min。在0℃下,先将水,后将乙酸乙酯加入反应溶液中,并用饱和氯化钠水溶液将混合物洗涤。用乙酸乙酯将水相萃取两次。将合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:100%甲苯;用二氯甲烷/环己烷=1/1至2/1再纯化)纯化。得到16.73g目标化合物(理论的73%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=2.50min
MS(ESpos):m/z=281(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.66-1.85(m,2H),1.87-2.00(m,2H),4.26-4.41(m,2H),4.43-4.55(m,1H),7.20-7.33(m,2H),7.38-7.48(m,2H),7.48-7.63(m,6H)。
实施例17A
rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁腈
在氩气下于-78℃下向13.07g(38.62mmol)的来自实施例15A的rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-4,4-二氟丁腈于255ml的abs.THF的初始进料中加入15.6ml(39.0mmol)的正丁基锂(在己烷中2.5N),并将混合物在-78℃下搅拌10min。然后,在-78℃下将22.6g(154.46mmol)的碘甲烷加入反应溶液中。将反应混合物在3.5h内逐渐升至0℃。在0℃下,先将水,后将乙酸乙酯加入,并用饱和的氯化钠水溶液将混合物洗涤两次。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯=15/1)纯化。得到11.4g目标化合物(理论的91%,纯度为92%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=2.52min
MS(ESpos):m/z=299(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.67(s,3H),2.55-2.77(m,2H),6.14-6.48(m,1H),7.28-7.34(m,2H),7.36-7.44(m,2H),7.44-7.54(m,6H)。
实施例18A
rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-氟-2-甲基戊腈
在氩气下于-78℃下向16.73g(59.68mmol)的来自实施例16A的rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-氟戊腈于394ml的abs.THF的初始进料中加入24.11ml(60.27mmol)的正丁基锂(在己烷中2.5N),并将混合物在-78℃下搅拌10min。然后,在-78℃下将34.93g(238.70mmol)的碘甲烷加入反应溶液中。将反应混合物在4.5h内逐渐升至0℃。在0℃下,先将水,后将乙酸乙酯加入,并将混合物用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤两次。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯=15/1)纯化。得到18.94g目标化合物(理论的95%,纯度88%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=2.55min
MS(ESpos):m/z=295(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.62(s,3H),1.73-1.90(m,2H),1.94-2.03(m,1H),2.04-2.18(m,1H),4.47(t,1H),4.58(t,1H),7.23-7.33(m,2H),7.35-7.43(m,2H),7.44-7.56(m,6H)。
实施例19A
rac-2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁腈盐酸盐
将10.84g(33.43mmol;纯度92%)的来自实施例17A的rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁腈溶于156ml的四氢呋喃和6ml的水中,加入73.5ml(36.77mmol)的氯化氢溶液(在二乙醚中0.5N),并将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后将16.71ml(33.43mmol)的氯化氢溶液(在二乙醚中2N)加入反应溶液中,并将混合物浓缩。将分离出的粗产品直接进行进一步反应而不经进一步纯化。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=0.32min
MS(ESpos):m/z=135(M-HCl+H)+
实施例20A
rac-苄基(2-氰基-4,4-二氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯
首先将来自实施例19A的粗产品rac-2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁腈盐酸盐加入109ml的四氢呋喃/水(1:1)中,并加入18.94g(137.06mmol)的碳酸钾和6.27g(36.77mmol)氯甲酸苄基酯。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。再将1.14g(6.69mmol)的氯甲酸苄基酯加入反应中,并将混合物在室温下再搅拌2h。然后进行相分离,并将水相用乙酸乙酯萃取两次。将合并的有机相用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤一次,然后用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度20/1至5/1)纯化。得到7.68g目标化合物(经两步达到理论的61%,纯度71%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=2.04min
MS(ESpos):m/z=269(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.65(s,3H),2.51-2.65(m,2H),5.10(s,2H),6.08-6.41(m,1H),7.27-7.44(m,5H),8.24(br.s,1H)。
实施例21A
rac-2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊腈盐酸盐
将18.94g(56.62mmol;纯度88%)的来自实施例18A的rac-2-[(二苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-氟-2-甲基戊腈溶于264.6ml的四氢呋喃和10.2ml的水中,加入124.6ml(62.28mmol)的氯化氢溶液(在二乙醚中0.5N),并将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后将28.3ml(56.62mmol)的氯化氢溶液(在二乙醚中2N)加入反应溶液中,并将混合物浓缩。将分离出的粗产品直接进行进一步反应而不经进一步纯化。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=0.25min
MS(ESpos):m/z=131(M-HCl+H)+
实施例22A
rac-苄基(2-氰基-5-氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯
首先将来自实施例21A的粗产品rac-2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊腈盐酸盐加入185ml的四氢呋喃/水(1:1)中,并加入32.09g(232.18mmol)的碳酸钾和10.63g(62.29mmol)氯甲酸苄基酯。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。再将1.93g(11.33mmol)氯甲酸苄基酯加入反应中,并将混合物在室温下再搅拌2h。然后进行相分离,并将水相用乙酸乙酯萃取两次。将合并的有机相用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤一次,然后用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯,梯度20/1至5/1)纯化。得到11.77g目标化合物(经两步达到理论的72%,纯度92%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=2.03min
MS(ESpos):m/z=265(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.55(s,3H),1.66-1.85(m,2H),1.86-2.04(m,2H),4.40(t,1H),4.52(t,1H),5.08(s,2H),7.28-7.44(m,5H),8.05(br.s,1H)。
实施例23A
ent-苄基(2-氰基-4,4-二氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)
通过手性相上的制备型分离将7.68g(20.33mmol,纯度71%)的来自实施例20A的rac-苄基(2-氰基-4,4-二氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯分离成对映异构体[柱:DaicelChiralpak AY-H,5μm,250x 20mm;流动相:80%异己烷,20%异丙醇;流速:25ml/min,温度:22℃,检测:210nm]。
对映异构体A:收率:2.64g(>99%ee)
Rt=6.67min[Chiralpak AY-H,5μm,250x 4.6mm;流动相:80%异己烷,20%异丙醇;流速:3ml/min,检测:220nm]。
实施例24A
ent-苄基(2-氰基-4,4-二氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)
通过手性相上的制备型分离将7.68g(20.33mmol,纯度71%)的来自实施例20A的rac-苄基(2-氰基-4,4-二氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯分离成对映异构体[柱:DaicelChiralpak AY-H,5μm,250x 20mm;流动相:80%异己烷,20%异丙醇;流速:25ml/min,温度:22℃,检测:210nm]。
对映异构体B:收率:2.76g(93%ee)
Rt=7.66min[Chiralpak AY-H,5μm,250x 4.6mm;流动相:80%异己烷,20%异丙醇;流速:3ml/min,检测:220nm]。
实施例25A
ent-苄基(2-氰基-5-氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)
通过手性相上的制备型分离将11.77g(40.97mmol,纯度92%)的来自实施例22A的rac-苄基(2-氰基-5-氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯分离成对映异构体[柱:SFC DaicelChiralpak AZ-H,5μm,250x 30mm;流动相:90%的CO2,10%甲醇;流速:100ml/min,温度:40℃,检测:210nm]。
对映异构体A:收率:5.7g(>99%ee)
Rt=1.76min[SFC,Chiralpak AZ-3,3μm,50x 4.6mm;流动相:CO2/甲醇梯度(5%至60%的甲醇);流速:3ml/min,检测:220nm]。
实施例26A
ent-苄基(2-氰基-5-氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)
通过手性相上的制备型分离将11.77g(40.97mmol,纯度92%)的来自实施例22A的rac-苄基(2-氰基-5-氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯分离成对映异构体[柱:SFC DaicelChiralpak AZ-H,5μm,250x 30mm;流动相:90%的CO2,10%甲醇;流速:100ml/min,温度:40℃,检测:210nm]。
对映异构体B:收率:5.0g(>99%ee)
Rt=1.97min[SFC,Chiralpak AZ-3,3μm,50x 4.6mm;流动相:CO2/甲醇梯度(5%至60%的甲醇);流速:3ml/min,检测:220nm]。
实施例27A
ent-苄基(1-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)
将2.3g(8.57mmol)的来自实施例23A的ent-苄基(2-氰基-4,4-二氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)溶于75ml的7N氨的甲醇溶液中,并在氩气下加入2.66g的雷尼镍(50%的含水浆液)。将反应混合物在高压釜中在20-30bar下氢化1.5h。将反应混合物经Celite过滤,用甲醇和2N氨的甲醇溶液洗涤,并浓缩。得到2.23g目标化合物(理论的94%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=1.48min
MS(ESpos):m/z=273(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.19(s,3H),1.48(br.s,2H),2.08-2.40(m,2H),2.53-2.72(m,2H;与溶剂峰部分重叠),5.00(s,2H),5.90-6.23(m,1H),6.95(br.s,1H),7.25-7.41(m,5H)。
实施例28A
ent-苄基(1-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)
将2.76g(10.29mmol)的来自实施例24A的ent-苄基(2-氰基-4,4-二氟丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)溶于90ml的7N氨的甲醇溶液中,并在氩气下加入3.19g雷尼镍(50%的含水浆液)。将反应混合物在高压釜中在20-30bar下氢化1.5h。将反应混合物经Celite过滤,用甲醇和2N氨的甲醇溶液洗涤,并浓缩。得到2.64g目标化合物(理论的88%,纯度93%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=1.49min
MS(ESpos):m/z=273(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.19(s,3H),1.48(br.s,2H),2.08-2.40(m,2H),2.53-2.73(m,2H;与溶剂峰部分重叠),5.00(s,2H),5.90-6.24(m,1H),6.95(br.s,1H),7.25-7.41(m,5H)。
实施例29A
ent-苄基(1-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)
将5.7g(21.57mmol)的来自实施例25A的ent-苄基(2-氰基-5-氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)溶于125ml的7N氨的甲醇溶液中,并在氩气下加入6.68g雷尼镍(50%的含水浆液)。将反应混合物在高压釜中在20-30bar下氢化4.5h。将反应混合物经Celite过滤,用甲醇和2N氨的甲醇溶液洗涤,并浓缩。得到5.22g目标化合物(理论的77%,纯度85%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=1.51min
MS(ESpos):m/z=269(M+H)+
实施例30A
ent-苄基(1-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)
将5.0g(18.92mmol)的来自实施例26A的ent-苄基(2-氰基-5-氟戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)溶于110ml的7N氨的甲醇溶液中,并在氩气下加入5.86g雷尼镍(50%的含水浆液)。将反应混合物在高压釜中在20-30bar下氢化4.5h。将反应混合物经Celite过滤,用甲醇和2N氨的甲醇溶液洗涤,并浓缩。得到4.6g目标化合物(理论的84%,纯度93%)。
LC-MS(方法3):Rt=1.47min
MS(ESpos):m/z=269(M+H)+
实施例31A
ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体A)
将250mg(0.71mmol)的来自实施例5A的6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸溶于2.36ml的DMF中,加入350mg(0.92mmol)的HATU和0.62ml(3.54mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并将混合物在室温下搅拌20min。然后加入291mg(0.92mmol,纯度85%)来自实施例29A的ent-苄基(1-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)。30min后,加入水并将所得固体滤出且用水洗涤。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产品馏分合并并浓缩。得到397mg标题化合物(理论的71%;纯度91%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.21min
MS(ESpos):m/z=603(M-TFA+H)+
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.22(s,3H),1.52-1.75(m,3H),1.80-1.93(m,1H),2.53(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.49-3.61(m,2H),4.29-4.38(m,1H),4.39-4.51(m,1H),5.00(s,2H),5.37(s,2H),7.07-7.17(m,1H),7.20-7.38(m,8H),7.54-7.64(m,1H),7.90(t,1H),8.76(d,1H)。
实施例32A
ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体B)
将250mg(0.71mmol)的来自实施例5A的6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸溶于2.36ml的DMF中,加入350mg(0.92mmol)的HATU和0.62ml(3.54mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并将混合物在室温下搅拌20min。然后,加入267mg(0.92mmol,纯度93%)来自实施例30A的ent-苄基(1-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)。30min后,加入水并将所得固体滤出且用水洗涤。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产品馏分合并并浓缩。得到328mg标题化合物(理论的61%;纯度94%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.21min
MS(ESpos):m/z=603(M-TFA+H)+
实施例33A
ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体A)
将250mg(0.71mmol)的来自实施例5A的6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸溶于2.36ml的DMF中,加入350mg(0.92mmol)的HATU和0.62ml(3.54mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并将混合物在室温下搅拌20min。然后加入256mg(0.92mmol)来自实施例27A的ent-苄基(1-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)。60min后,加入水并将所得固体滤出且用水洗涤。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产品馏分合并并浓缩。得到439mg标题化合物(理论的86%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.22min
MS(ESpos):m/z=607(M-TFA+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.29(s,3H),2.05-2.25(m,2H),2.53(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.54-3.62(m,2H;与溶剂峰重叠),5.01(s,2H),5.38(s,2H),5.98-6.29(m,1H),7.18-7.39(m,9H),7.54-7.64(m,1H),7.95(t,1H),8.74(d,1H)。
实施例34A
ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体B)
将250mg(0.71mmol)的来自实施例5A的6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸溶于2.36ml的DMF中,加入323mg(0.85mmol)的HATU和0.62ml(3.54mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并将混合物在室温下搅拌20min。然后加入246mg(0.85mmol,93%纯度)来自实施例28A的ent-苄基(1-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)。30min后,加入水并将所得固体滤出且用水洗涤。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产品馏分合并并浓缩。得到431mg标题化合物(理论的82%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.21min
MS(ESpos):m/z=607(M-TFA+H)+
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.29(s,3H),2.06-2.24(m,2H),2.53(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.55-3.62(m,2H),5.01(s,2H),5.38(s,2H),6.00-6.29(m,1H),7.19-7.39(m,9H),7.55-7.64(m,1H),7.99(t,1H),8.74(d,1H)。
实施例35A
ent-苄基{1-[({8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体A)
将80mg(0.24mmol)来自实施例8A的8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸溶于0.8ml的DMF中,加入121mg(0.32mmol)的HATU和0.21ml(1.22mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并将混合物在室温下搅拌20min。然后加入102mg(0.32mmol,纯度95%)的ent-苄基(1-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体A)。在RT下搅拌过夜后,将混合物浓缩,加入水、乙腈和TFA,并将产物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。得到85mg标题化合物(理论的43%;纯度88%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.07min
MS(ESpos):m/z=605(M-TFA+H)+
实施例36A
ent-苄基{1-[({8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)
将80mg(0.24mmol)来自实施例8A的8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸溶于0.8ml的DMF中,加入121mg(0.32mmol)的HATU和0.21ml(1.22mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并将混合物在室温下搅拌20min。然后,加入102mg(0.32mmol,纯度95%)来自实施例14A的ent-苄基(1-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)。30min后,加入水,并将所得固体滤出并用水洗涤。将该固体在高真空下干燥。得到150mg标题化合物(理论的99%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.08min
MS(ESpos):m/z=605(M-TFA+H)+
实施例37A
3-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺
在RT下,首先将29.05g(537.7mmol)的甲醇钠加入560ml的甲醇中,加入56.4g(512.1mmol)的2-氨基吡啶-3-醇,并在RT下连续搅拌15min。将反应混合物在减压下浓缩,将残余物溶于1400ml的DMSO中并加入121g(537.7mmol)的2-(溴甲基)-1,3,4-三氟苯。在RT下4h后,将反应混合物倒入20升的水中,将混合物再搅拌15min,并将固体滤出。将固体用1l的水洗涤,然后通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:环己烷/乙酸乙酯=2/1)纯化。得到77.7g标题化合物(理论的60%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.48min
MS(ESpos):m/z=255(M+H)+
实施例38A
5-溴-3-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺
将76.4g(300.5mmol)来自实施例37A的3-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺悬浮在1300ml的10%浓度的硫酸中,并将混合物冷却至0℃。将18.6ml(360.6mmol)的溴溶于200ml的乙酸中,然后在90分钟内滴加到反应溶液中,用冰冷却。滴加结束后,将混合物在0℃下再搅拌1.5h,然后用600ml的乙酸乙酯稀释,并搅拌5min,并将水相分离出来。将水相用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相合并并用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤两次。加入二氯甲烷/甲醇(9/1)的混合物并进行相分离。将有机相干燥并浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,Chromatorex C18,10μM,350x 100mm,流动相:甲醇/水梯度)纯化。得到44g(理论的44%)标题化合物。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.97min
MS(ESpos):m/z=333/335(M+H)+
实施例39A
6-溴-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯
首先将44g(132.1mmol)来自实施例38A的5-溴-3-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]吡啶-2-胺加入600ml的乙醇中,加入25g粉末状分子筛和108.7g(660.4mmol)的2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯,并将混合物在回流下加热2天。将反应混合物过滤并浓缩。将残余物悬浮在二氯甲烷中,并通过硅胶色谱法(流动相:二氯甲烷,二氯甲烷/甲醇=20/1)纯化。将产物馏分浓缩,将600ml乙腈加入残余物中,将混合物搅拌30min并将固体滤出且干燥。得到24.40g(理论的42%)标题化合物。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.27min
MS(ESpos):m/z=443/445(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.36(t,3H),2.54(s,3H;与DMSO信号重叠),4.37(q,2H),5.41(s,2H),7.26-7.36(m,1H),7.42-7.46(m,1H),7.64-7.75(m,1H),9.00-9.03(m,1H)。
实施例40A
6-溴-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸
将0.5g(1.13mmol)来自实施例39A的6-溴-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯溶于24ml的THF/甲醇(5/1)中,加入5.6ml(5.6mmol)的氢氧化锂溶液(在水中1M),并将混合物在40℃下搅拌过夜。将混合物浓缩,将残余物悬浮在24ml的二噁烷中并加入5.6ml(5.6mmol)的1N氢氧化钠水溶液。将反应混合物在RT下搅拌过夜。将反应溶液几乎完全浓缩。将残余物溶于少量的THF/水中并用盐酸酸化。将所形成的固体在室温下搅拌30min,然后滤出并用水洗涤。将固体在高真空下干燥。得到0.44g标题化合物(理论的94%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.90min
MS(ESpos):m/z=415/417(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.54(s,3H;与DMSO信号重叠),5.41(s,2H),7.26-7.35(m,1H),7.38-7.41(m,1H),7.63-7.74(m,1H),9.05-9.09(m,1H),13.34(br.s,1H)。
实施例41A
ent-苄基{1-[({6-溴-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体B)
将210mg(0.50mmol)来自实施例40A的6-溴-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酸溶于1.75ml的DMF中,加入245mg(0.64mmol)的HATU和0.43ml(2.48mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并将混合物在室温下搅拌10min。然后,加入206mg(0.64mmol,纯度95%)来自实施例14A的ent-苄基(1-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)。所有起始原料已反应(约60min)后,加入乙腈/水和TFA,然后将反应溶液通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。得到294mg标题化合物(理论的68%;纯度94%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=1.34min
MS(ESpos):m/z=701/703(M+H)+
工作实施例:
实施例1
ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)
将397mg(0.50mmol,纯度91%)来自实施例31A的ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体A)溶于12.9ml的乙醇中,加入16g负载在活性炭上的钯(10%),并将混合物在标准压力下氢化1.5小时。将反应溶液利用微孔过滤器过滤并将滤液浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。然后,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷和少量的甲醇中,并用少量的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次。将水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并冻干。得到73g目标化合物(理论的33%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.56min
MS(ESpos):m/z=435(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.02(s,3H),1.30-1.42(m,2H),1.43-1.88(m,4H),2.53(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.17-3.30(m,2H),4.30-4.39(m,1H),4.42-4.52(m,1H),5.30(s,2H),6.92(t,1H),7.00(d,1H),7.18-7.28(m,2H),7.54-7.63(m,1H),7.65-7.77(m,1H),8.62(d,1H)。
实施例2
ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
将328mg(0.43mmol,纯度94%)来自实施例32A的ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5-氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体B)溶于11.1ml的乙醇中,加入14mg负载在活性炭上的钯(10%),并将混合物在标准压力下氢化3小时。将反应溶液通过Celite过滤,将滤饼用乙醇洗涤并将滤液浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。然后,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷和少量的甲醇中,并用少量的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次。将水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并冻干。得到53mg目标化合物(理论的28%)。
LC-MS(方法4):Rt=2.11min
MS(ESpos):m/z=435(M+H)+
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.02(s,3H),1.32-1.42(m,2H),1.52(br.s,2H),1.62-1.86(m,4H),2.53(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.17-3.29(m,2H),4.32-4.39(m,1H),4.43-4.50(m,1H),5.30(s,2H),6.92(t,1H),7.00(d,1H),7.18-7.27(m,2H),7.55-7.63(m,1H),7.66-7.75(m,1H),8.62(d,1H)。
实施例3
ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)
将439mg(0.61mmol)来自实施例33A的ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体A)溶于15.6ml的乙醇中,加入19mg负载在活性炭上的钯(10%),并将混合物在标准压力下氢化75min。将反应溶液利用微孔过滤器过滤并将滤液浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。然后,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷和少量甲醇中,并用少量的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次。将水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并冻干。得到85g目标化合物(理论的31%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.60min
MS(ESpos):m/z=439(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.08(s,3H),1.70(br.s,2H),1.83-1.99(m,2H),2.54(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.20-3.35(m,2H;与溶剂峰重叠),5.30(s,2H),6.08-6.42(m,1H),6.92(t,1H),7.00(d,1H),7.18-7.28(m,2H),7.54-7.64(m,1H),7.87(t,1H),8.62(d,1H)。
实施例4
ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
将431mg(0.59mmol)来自实施例34A的ent-苄基{1-[({6-氯-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体B)溶于15.1ml的乙醇中,加入19mg负载在活性炭上的钯(10%),并将混合物在标准压力下氢化75min。将反应溶液利用微孔过滤器过滤并将滤液浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。然后,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷和少量甲醇中,并用少量饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次。将水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并冻干。得到90mg目标化合物(理论的34%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.60min
MS(ESpos):m/z=439(M+H)+
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.08(s,3H),1.70(br.s,2H),1.84-1.98(m,2H),2.54(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.22-3.32(m,2H;与溶剂峰重叠),5.30(s,2H),6.10-6.38(m,1H),6.92(t,1H),7.00(d,1H),7.18-7.27(m,2H),7.55-7.63(m,1H),7.88(t,1H),8.62(d,1H)。
实施例5
ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)
将85mg(0.11mmol,纯度88%)来自实施例35A的ent-苄基{1-[({8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体A)溶于2.7ml的乙醇中,加入3.5mg负载在活性炭上的钯(10%),并将混合物在标准压力下氢化1.5h。将反应溶液利用微孔过滤器过滤,将滤饼用乙醇洗涤并将滤液浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。然后,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷和少量甲醇中,并用少量饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次。将水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并冻干。得到95mg目标化合物(理论的95%,纯度93%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.63min
MS(ESpos):m/z=471(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.02(s,3H),1.47-1.57(m,2H),1.61(br.s,2H),2.24-2.48(m,2H),2.55(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.18-3.31(m,2H,与溶剂峰部分重叠),5.31(s,2H),6.93(t,1H),7.01(d,1H),7.18-7.27(m,2H),7.55-7.64(m,1H),7.76-7.83(m,1H),8.59(d,1H)。
实施例6
ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
将150mg(0.21mmol)来自实施例36A的ent-苄基{1-[({8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯(对映异构体B)溶于5.2ml的乙醇中,加入32μl(0.42mmol)的TFA和7mg负载在活性炭上的钯(10%),并将混合物在标准压力下氢化5.5h。将反应溶液利用微孔过滤器过滤,将滤饼用乙醇洗涤并将滤液浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。然后,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷和少量甲醇中,并用少量饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次。将水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并冻干。得到95mg目标化合物(理论的98%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.66min
MS(ESpos):m/z=471(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.03(s,3H),1.47-1.58(m,2H),1.69(br.s,2H),2.25-2.48(m,2H),2.55(s,3H;与溶剂峰重叠),3.18-3.31(m,2H,与溶剂峰部分重叠),5.31(s,2H),6.93(t,1H),7.01(d,1H),7.18-7.27(m,2H),7.55-7.64(m,1H),7.77-7.83(m,1H),8.60(d,1H)。
实施例7
ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)
将294mg(0.34mmol,纯度94%)来自实施例41A的ent-苄基{1-[({6-溴-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基}羰基)氨基]-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊-2-基}氨基甲酸酯三氟乙酸盐(对映异构体B)溶于36ml的乙醇中,加入78μl(1.02mmol)的TFA和11mg的负载在活性炭上的钯(10%),并在标准压力下进行氢化6h。将反应溶液利用微孔过滤器过滤,将滤饼用乙醇洗涤并将滤液在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(RP18柱,流动相:添加0.1%TFA的乙腈/水梯度)纯化。将产物馏分合并并浓缩。然后,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷和少量甲醇中,并用少量饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次。将水相用二氯甲烷重萃取两次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并冻干。得到138mg目标化合物(理论的82%,纯度98%)。
LC-MS(方法2):Rt=0.64min
MS(ESpos):m/z=489(M+H)+
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):d[ppm]=1.02(s,3H),1.47-1.70(m,4H),2.21-2.48(m,2H),2.56(s,3H),3.18-3.30(m,2H,与溶剂峰部分重叠),5.36(s,2H),6.93(t,1H),7.01(d,1H),7.24-7.33(m,1H),7.59-7.72(m,1H),7.76-7.84(m,1H),8.60(d,1H)。
B.药理学效力的评估
使用下列缩写:
ATP 三磷酸腺苷
Brij35 聚氧乙烯(23)月桂基醚
BSA 牛血清白蛋白
DTT 二硫苏糖醇
TEA 三乙醇胺。
下列分析可以证明本发明化合物的药理学作用:
B-1.借助PPi检测测量sGC酶活性
可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(sGC)在刺激下将GTP转化成cGMP和焦磷酸盐(PPi)。借助WO2008/061626中记载的方法检测PPi。该分析中产生的信号随反应的进行而增加并充当sGC酶活性的量度。借助PPi参考曲线,该酶可以已知方式表征,例如用转化速率、可刺激性或米氏常数来表征。
试验的实施
为了进行该试验,首先将29μl酶溶液(0-10nM可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(根据等人,Journal of Molecular Medicine 77(1999)14-23制备),在50mM TEA、2mM氯化镁、0.1%BSA(级分V)、0.005%Brij 35中,pH 7.5)置入微孔板中,并加入1μl刺激物溶液(在DMSO中的0-10μM的3-吗啉代斯德酮亚胺(3-morpholinosydnonimine),SIN-1,Merck)。将微孔板在室温下培养10分钟。然后加入20μl检测混合物(在50mM TEA、2mM氯化镁、0.1%BSA(级分V)、0.005%Brij 35中的1.2nM荧火虫荧光素酶(Photinus pyralisLuziferase,Promega)、29μM脱氢荧光素(根据Bitler&McElroy,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.72(1957)358制备)、122μM荧光素(Promega)、153μM ATP(Sigma)和0,4mM DTT(Sigma),pH7.5)。通过添加20μl底物溶液(在50mM TEA、2mM氯化镁、0.1%BSA(级分V)、0.005%Brij中的1.25mM 5'-三磷酸鸟苷(Sigma),pH 7.5)引发酶反应并在光度计中连续分析。
B-2.对重组鸟苷酸环化酶报告细胞系的效果
使用重组鸟苷酸环化酶报告细胞系来测定本发明化合物的细胞活性,如F.Wunder等人,Anal.Biochem.339,104-112(2005)所述。
本发明化合物的代表性MEC值(MEC=最低有效浓度)示于下表中(在某些情况下作为各独立测量的平均值):
表A:
实施例 | MEC[μM] |
1 | 0.3 |
2 | 0.3 |
3 | 0.3 |
4 | 0.3 |
5 | 0.1 |
6 | 0.03 |
7 | 0.09 |
B-3.体外血管舒张作用
将兔子在颈部敲昏并放血。取出主动脉,除去粘附组织,分割成1.5mm宽的环,将其在预应力下在37℃下独立地置于5毫升的器官浴中,该器官浴含有具有下列组成(各自以mM计)的卡波金(carbogen)喷射的Krebs-Henseleit溶液:氯化钠:119;氯化钾:4.8;二水合氯化钙:1;七水合硫酸镁:1.4;磷酸二氢钾:1.2;碳酸氢钠:25;葡萄糖:10。收缩力用StathamUC2细胞测定,使用A/D转换器(DAS-1802HC,Keithley Instruments Munich)放大并数字化,并平行记录在线性记录器上。为了产生收缩,将苯肾上腺素以递增的浓度累积添加到该浴中。在数个控制周期后,每次在每个后续运行中以递增剂量加入待研究的物质,并将收缩程度与在前一个运行中得到的收缩程度比较。这用于计算将控制值程度降低50%所需的浓度(IC50值)。标准给药体积为5μl,浴溶液中的DMSO含量相当于0.1%。
B-4.麻醉大鼠的血压测量
将体重300-350克的雄性Wistar大鼠用戊硫代巴比妥(100mg/kg i.p.)麻醉。气管切开后,将导管插入股动脉中以测量血压。受试物质作为溶液通过管饲法口服给药或经股静脉静脉内给药(Stasch等人Br.J.Pharmacol.2002;135:344-355)。
B-5.有意识的自发性高血压大鼠的血压的无线电遥测测量
将购自美国DATA SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL DSI的市售遥测系统用于下述有意识的大鼠的血压测量。
该系统由3个主要部件构成:
可植入发射器(遥测发射器);
接收器(接收器),其经多路转换器(DSI Data Exchange Matrix)连接至
数据采集计算机。
该遥测系统能够在动物平时的栖所中连续记录有意识的动物的血压、心率和身体活动。
动物材料
对体重>200克的成年雌性自发性高血压大鼠(SHR Okamoto)进行研究。来自京都冈本医学院(Okamoto Kyoto School of Medicine,1963)的SHR/NCrl由极高的高血压的雄性Wistar Kyoto大鼠和略微高血压的雌性大鼠杂交品种,并在F13中运送至美国国立卫生研究院(U.S.National Institutes of Health)。
在发射器植入后,将实验动物单独饲养在3型Macrolon笼子中。它们可随意获得标准饲料和水。
实验室中的昼夜节律通过室内照明在6:00am和7:00pm变化。
发射器植入
在第一次试验使用之前至少14天,将所用的TA11PA–C40遥测发射器在无菌条件下以外科手术植入到实验动物中。在伤口愈合和植入物已稳定后,以这种方式仪器化的动物可重复使用。
为了植入,将禁食动物用戊巴比妥(Nembutal,Sanofi:50mg/kg i.p.)麻醉并对其大面积的腹部进行剃毛和消毒。沿白线打开腹腔后,
在杈上方沿颅骨方向将该系统的充满液体的测量导管插入降主动脉中,并用组织胶(VetBonD TM,3M)固定。将发射器外壳在腹膜内固定到腹壁肌肉上,并逐层缝合伤口。
手术后,给予抗生素(Tardomyocel COMP,Bayer,1ml/kg s.c.)以防止感染。
物质和溶液
除非另有说明,在每种情况下受试物质通过管饲法口服给药至一组动物(n=6)。根据5ml/kg体重的给药体积,将受试物质溶解在合适的溶剂混合物中或悬浮在0.5%tylose中。
将溶剂处理的动物组用作对照。
实验提纲
为24个动物配置该遥测测量单元。各实验在实验编号下记录(V年月日)。
为生活在该系统中的每个仪器化大鼠配备单独的接收天线(1010Receiver,DSI)。
植入的发射器可通过内置磁开关从外部激活。在实验运转中将其切换至发射。发出的信号可通过数据采集系统(Dataquest TM A.R.T.for WINDOWS,DSI)在线检测并进行相应的加工。在每种情况下将数据储存在为此目的创建的和带有试验号的文件夹中。
在标准程序中,各自以10秒的周期测量下列这些:
收缩血压(SBP)
舒张血压(DBP)
平均动脉压(MAP)
心率(HR)
活动力(ACT)。
在计算机控制下以5分钟为间隔重复采集测量值。作为绝对值的所得的源数据在图表中用当前测得的气压(Ambient Pressure Reference Monitor;APR-1)校正并储存为独立数据。可在来自制造商公司(DSI)的大量文件中得出其他技术细节。
除非另有说明,在实验日的9:00am给予受试物质。在给药后,24小时内测量上述参数。
评估
在实验结束后,所得的独立数据用分析软件(DATAQUEST TM A.R.T.TM ANALYSIS)分类。空白值在此假设为给药前两小时的时间,因此所选数据集包含从实验日的7:00am到第二天的9:00am的时期。
数据通过平均值测定(15分钟的平均值)在预设时间内平滑并作为文本文件夹转移到储存介质中。将以这种方式预分类和压缩的测量值转移到Excel模板中并制成表格。对于每个实验日,将所得的数据储存在带有实验编号的专用文件夹中。结果和实验方案以纸件形式储存在用编号分类的文件夹中。
文献:
Klaus Witte,Kai Hu,Johanna Swiatek,Claudia Müssig,Georg Ertl andLemmer:Experimental heart failure in rats:effects on cardiovascularcircadian rhythms and on myocardialβ-adrenergic signaling.Cardiovasc Res 47(2):203-405,2000;Kozo Okamoto:Spontaneous hypertension in rats.Int Rev ExpPathol 7:227-270,1969;Maarten van den Buuse:Circadian Rhythms of BloodPressure,Heart Rate,and Locomotor Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Ratsas Measured With Radio-Telemetry.Physiology&Behavior 55(4):783-787,1994。
B-6.静脉和口服给药后的药代动力学参数的测定
在雄性CD-1小鼠、雄性Wistar大鼠和雌性比格犬中测定本发明化合物的药代动力学参数。静脉给药在小鼠和大鼠的情况下通过物种特异性的血浆/DMSO制剂实现,在狗的情况中通过水/PEG400/乙醇制剂实现。在所有物种中,基于水/PEG400/乙醇制剂,通过管饲法进行溶解物质的口服给药。大鼠血的移出通过在物质给药前将硅酮导管插入右颈外静脉中来简化。在实验前至少一天用异氟醚麻醉和给予止痛剂(阿托品/力莫敌(3/1)0.1ml s.c.)进行该手术。在物质给药后至少24至最多72小时的终端时间点的时期内采血(通常大于10个时间点)。将血移入肝素化管中。然后通过离心获得血浆;必要时,可储存在-20℃下直至进一步处理。
将内标物(其还可为化学无关的物质)添加到本发明化合物的样品、校准样品和合格品(qualifier)中,然后用过量乙腈进行蛋白质沉淀。在添加与LC条件匹配的缓冲液以及随后涡旋后,在1000g下进行离心。使用C18反相柱和可变的流动相混合物通过LC-MS/MS分析上清液。通过来自特定选择的离子监测实验的提取离子色谱图的峰高度或面积定量所述物质。
利用核准的药代动力学计算程序,使用测得的血浆浓度/时间曲线图计算药代动力学参数,如AUC、Cmax、t1/2(终末半衰期)、F(生物利用度)、MRT(平均停留时间)和CL(清除率)。
由于在血浆中进行物质量化,需要测定该物质的血液/血浆分布,以便能够相应地调节药代动力学参数。为此,在摇摆辊混合机(rocking roller mixer)中将指定量的物质在所述物种的肝素化全血中培养20分钟。在1000g下离心后,测量(借助LC-MS/MS;见上文)和通过计算C血液/C血浆值的比率来测定血浆浓度。
B-7.代谢研究
为了测定本发明化合物的代谢特征,将本发明化合物与来自多种动物物种(例如大鼠、狗)以及人类来源的重组人细胞色素P450(CYP)酶、肝微粒体或原发性新鲜肝细胞一起培养,以获得和比较关于非常足够地完全的肝I期和肝II期代谢的信息以及关于参与代谢的酶的信息。
以约0.1-10μM的浓度培养本发明的化合物。为此,制备具有0.01-1mM浓度的本发明化合物在乙腈中的原液,然后以1:100稀释度吸移到培养混合物中。将肝微粒体和重组酶在37℃下在50mM的pH 7.4的磷酸钾缓冲液中在含和不含NADPH生成体系(其由1mM NADP+、10mM葡萄糖-6-磷酸和1单位的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶构成)的情况下培养。原发性肝细胞同样在37℃下以悬浮液形式在Williams E培养基中培养。在0-4h的培养时间后,该培养混合物用乙腈(最终浓度约30%)终止,并以约15000x g离心蛋白质。由此终止的样品直接进行分析或储存在-20℃直至分析。
通过具有紫外线和质谱检测的高效液相色谱法(HPLC-UV-MS/MS)进行分析。为此,培养样品的上清液用合适的C18反相柱和由乙腈与10mM甲酸铵水溶液或0.05%甲酸构成的可变流动相混合物来进行色谱分离。与质谱数据联合的UV色谱图用于代谢物的鉴定、结构解析和定量估测以及用于本发明化合物在培养混合物中的定量代谢减少。
B-8.Caco-2渗透性试验
借助Caco-2细胞系(用于在胃肠屏障上的渗透性预测而建立的体外模型(Artursson,P.和Karlsson,J.(1991)Correlation between oral drug absorption inhumans and apparent drug permeability coefficients in human intestinalepithelial(Caco-2)cells.Biochem.Biophys.175(3),880-885))测定受试物质的渗透性。将CaCo-2细胞(ACC No.169,DSMZ,Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen undZellkulturen,Braunschweig,德国)播种在带有插件的24孔板中并培养14至16天。对于渗透性研究,将受试物质溶解在DMSO中并用转移缓冲液(Hanks Buffered Salt Solution,Gibco/Invitrogen,含19.9mM葡萄糖和9.8mM HEPES)稀释至最终试验浓度。为了测定受试物质从顶端到基底外侧的渗透性(PappA-B),将包含受试物质的溶液置于Caco-2细胞单层的顶面上,并将转移缓冲液置于基底外侧面上。为了测定受试物质从基底外侧到顶端的渗透性(PappB-A),将包含受试物质的溶液置于Caco-2细胞单层的基底外侧面上,并将转移缓冲液置于顶面上。在实验开始时,从各自的供体隔室中取样以确保质量平衡。在37℃下培养2小时后,从两个隔室中取样。通过LC-MS/MS分析样品并计算表观渗透系数(Papp)。对于每个细胞单层,测定荧光黄(Lucifer Yellow)的渗透性以确保细胞层完整性。在每次试验过程中,还测定阿替洛尔(低渗透性的标记物)和柳氮磺胺吡啶(主动排泄的标记物)的渗透性作为质量控制。
B-9.hERG钾电流实验
hERG(人类ether-a-go-go相关的基因)钾电流对人心脏动作电位的复极化有显著贡献(Scheel等人,2011)。在极少数情况下,通过药物抑制此电流可导致潜在致命的心律失常,因此在药物开发期间的早期阶段进行研究。
此处所用的功能性hERG实验基于稳定表达KCNH2(HERG)基因的重组HEK293细胞系(Zhou等人,1998)。通过“全细胞电压钳”技术(Hamill等人,1981)在自动化体系(PatchlinerTM;Nanion,慕尼黑,德国)中研究这些细胞,其控制膜电压并在室温下测量hERG钾电流。软件PatchControlHTTM(Nanion)控制Patchliner系统、数据捕获和数据分析。电压通过由PatchMasterProTM软件控制的2EPC-10quadro放大器来控制(两者:HEKAElektronik,Lambrecht,德国)。具有中等电阻的NPC-16芯片(~2MΩ;Nanion)充当用于电压钳实验的平面基底。
NPC-16芯片被细胞内-和细胞外溶液(参见Himmel,2007)以及细胞悬浮液填充。在形成千兆欧姆密封和建立全细胞模式(包括多种自动定性步骤)之后,在-80mV保持电位下将细胞膜夹紧。随后的电压钳记录改变指令电压至+20mV(持续1000ms)、-120mV(持续500ms),并返回到-80mV保持电位;这每12秒重复一次。在初始稳定阶段(大约5-6分钟)之后,将受试物质溶液以逐渐升高的浓度(例如0.1、1和10μmol/l)(每个浓度下曝露约5-6分钟)由移液管移入,然后进行数个洗涤步骤。
将电位从+20mV改变至-120mV所产生的向内“尾”电流的振幅用于定量hERG钾电流,并被描述为时间的函数(IgorProTM软件)。在不同的时间间隔(例如测试物质前的稳定阶段,测试物质的第一/第二/第三浓度)结束时的电流振幅用于建立浓度/效应曲线,从该曲线计算受试物质的半数最大抑制浓度IC50。
Hamill OP,Marty A,Neher E,Sakmann B,Sigworth FJ.Improved patch-clamptechniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-freemembrane patches.Pfluegers Arch 1981;391:85-100.
Himmel HM.Suitability of commonly used excipients forelectrophysiological in-vitro safety pharmacology assessment of effects onhERG potassium current and on rabbit Purkinje fiber action potential.JPharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007;56:145-158.
Scheel O,Himmel H,Rascher-Eggstein G,Knott T.Introduction of amodular automated voltage-clamp platform and its correlation with manualhuman ether-a-go-go related gene voltage-clamp data.Assay Drug Dev Technol2011;9:600-607.
Zhou ZF,Gong Q,Ye B,Fan Z,Makielski JC,Robertson GA,JanuaryCT.Properties of hERG channels stably expressed in HEK293cells studied atphysiological temperature.Biophys J 1998;74:230-241。
C.药物组合物的工作实施例
本发明的化合物可被转化成下列药物制剂:
片剂:
组成:
100mg本发明化合物、50mg乳糖(一水合物)、50mg玉米淀粉(天然的)、10mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP25)(BASF,Ludwigshafen,德国),和2mg硬脂酸镁。
片剂重量212mg。直径8mm,曲率半径12mm。
生产:
使用5%(w/w)的PVP于水中的溶液,将本发明化合物、乳糖和淀粉的混合物造粒。将该颗粒干燥,随后与硬脂酸镁混合5分钟。用常规压片机压制该混合物(关于片剂的形式,参见上文)。用于压制的指导值为15kN的压力。
口服悬浮剂:
组成:
1000mg本发明化合物、1000mg乙醇(96%)、400mg(黄原胶,购自FMC,Pennsylvania,美国)和99g水。
10ml口服悬浮液相当于100mg本发明化合物的单一剂量。
生产:
将Rhodigel悬浮于乙醇中,将本发明化合物加入所述悬浮液中。在搅拌下加入水。将所述混合物搅拌约6h,直到Rhodigel溶胀完全。
口服溶液:
组成:
500mg本发明化合物、2.5g聚山梨醇酯和97g聚乙二醇400。20g口服溶液相当于100mg本发明化合物的单一剂量。
生产:
在搅拌下,将本发明化合物悬浮于聚乙二醇和聚山梨醇酯的混合物中。持续搅拌至本发明化合物完全溶解。
i.v.溶液:
将本发明化合物以低于饱和溶解度的浓度溶于生理学可接受的溶剂(例如等渗盐水、5%葡萄糖溶液和/或30%PEG 400溶液)中。将所得的溶液无菌过滤,并分配于无菌且无热原的注射容器中。
Claims (14)
1.具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
2.具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5-氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
3.具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
4.具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-4,4-二氟-2-甲基丁基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
5.具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体A)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
6.具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-8-[(2,6-二氟苄基)氧基]-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
7.具有系统名称为ent-N-(2-氨基-5,5,5-三氟-2-甲基戊基)-2-甲基-8-[(2,3,6-三氟苄基)氧基]咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(对映异构体B)和结构式为
的化合物,及其N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、N-氧化物的盐以及N-氧化物和盐的溶剂化物。
8.用于制备权利要求1至7中定义的化合物的方法,其特征在于[A]将式(I)的化合物
其中
R1代表氢或氯,
T1代表(C1-C4)烷基或苄基,
在惰性溶剂中在合适的碱或酸存在下反应得到式(II)的羧酸
其中
R1代表氢或氯;
然后,将其在惰性溶剂中在酰胺偶合条件下与选自
的胺反应得到式(IV)的化合物
其中
R1代表氢或氯;
以及
R2代表(IV-A)、(IV-B)或(IV-C)
其中*代表氮原子的连接位点;
并且,如果R1代表氯,
则在惰性溶剂中在合适的过渡金属催化剂存在下氢化这些物质,
并且任选地将所得的化合物用合适的(i)溶剂和/或(ii)酸或碱转化成其溶剂化物、盐和/或盐的溶剂化物。
并且任选地将所得的化合物用合适的(i)溶剂和/或(ii)酸或碱转化成其溶剂化物、盐和/或盐的溶剂化物。
9.权利要求1至7中任一项定义的化合物,用于治疗和/或预防疾病。
10.权利要求1至7中任一项定义的化合物用于制备治疗和/或预防心力衰竭、心绞痛、高血压、肺动脉高血压、缺血、血管疾病、肾功能不全、血栓栓塞性疾病和动脉硬化的药物的用途。
11.药物,其包含权利要求1至7中任一项定义的化合物与惰性、无毒、药学上合适的赋形剂。
12.药物,其包含权利要求1至7中任一项定义的化合物与选自有机硝酸盐、NO供体、cGMP-PDE抑制剂、抗血栓剂、降血压剂和脂质代谢调节剂的其他活性化合物。
13.权利要求11或12的药物,用于治疗和/或预防心力衰竭、心绞痛、高血压、肺动脉高血压、缺血、血管疾病、肾衰竭、血栓栓塞性疾病和动脉硬化。
14.治疗和/或预防人类和动物的心力衰竭、心绞痛、高血压、肺动脉高血压、缺血、血管疾病、肾功能不全、血栓栓塞性疾病和动脉硬化的方法,所述方法使用有效量的至少一种权利要求1至7中任一项定义的化合物或权利要求11至13中任一项定义的药物。
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EP0266890A1 (en) * | 1986-10-07 | 1988-05-11 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. | Imidazopyridine derivatives, their production, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
WO1989003833A1 (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-05 | Aktiebolaget Hässle | IMIDAZO(1,2-a)(PYRIDAZINES OR PYRAZINES) FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES RELATED TO BONE LOSS |
CN103608347A (zh) * | 2011-05-30 | 2014-02-26 | 安斯泰来制药株式会社 | 咪唑并吡啶化合物 |
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DE19642255A1 (de) | 1996-10-14 | 1998-04-16 | Bayer Ag | Verwendung von 1-Benzyl-3-(substituierten-hetaryl) -kondensierten Pyrazol-Derivaten |
ATE300540T1 (de) | 2000-04-27 | 2005-08-15 | Yamanouchi Pharma Co Ltd | Imidazopyridin-derivate |
ATE390424T1 (de) | 2004-08-02 | 2008-04-15 | Sanol Arznei Schwarz Gmbh | Carboxamide des indolizins und seiner aza- und diazaderivate |
PE20080403A1 (es) | 2006-07-14 | 2008-04-25 | Amgen Inc | Derivados heterociclicos fusionados y metodos de uso |
DE102006054562A1 (de) | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-21 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Verfahren zum Nachweis von Pyrophosphat mit Biolumineszenz Detektion |
EP2134713A2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2009-12-23 | Schering Corporation | Novel jnk inhibitors |
WO2008134553A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2008-11-06 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Methods of using bicyclic compounds in treating sodium channel-mediated diseases |
US8198449B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2012-06-12 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Compounds for the treatment of hepatitis C |
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WO1989003833A1 (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-05 | Aktiebolaget Hässle | IMIDAZO(1,2-a)(PYRIDAZINES OR PYRAZINES) FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES RELATED TO BONE LOSS |
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