CN106443794B - A kind of three-dimensional electrical method observation system and geologic body method for surveying parallel - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional electrical method observation system and geologic body method for surveying parallel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system and geologic body method for surveying.Three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system is established by the way of being simutaneously arranged electrode in ground and multiple holes.One, electrode arrangement in hole：Arrange that an electrode array, electrode array are made of the electrode of several constant spacings in each drilling, the length of L.Two, ground electrodes group is arranged：Spacing in ground configuration grid electrode group, grid electrode group between each electrode is respectively the planar range to drill where electrode in a and grid range covering hole.Three, public electrode B is placed at infinity, and public relatively electrode N is placed at an arbitrary position；Public electrode B, public relatively electrode N, each electrode array, ground electrodes group are connected by parallel electrical prospecting apparatus respectively in drilling, by porous electrical method observation synchronous with ground, find out latent geologic anomaly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional method for surveying of a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system and geologic body, more particularly to one kind
The parallel electrical method observation system of three-dimensional based on multiple drillings and ground synchronous arrangement and geologic body method for surveying.
Background technology
Geologic body such as solution cavity, boulder etc. is lain concealed to various engineering projects with larger threat in underground, and especially some are small
Range, region that ground survey line can not be arranged generally all can construction drill reconnoitred, as the karst cavity below highway is asked
Topic, can frequently result in collapsing for road surface, constitutes a serious threat to the people's lives and property；Orphan during shield in front of shield machine
Stone etc. constitutes material risk etc. to the driving of shield machine, therefore how to find out that geology is lain concealed in this small-scale underground finely required
Body is of crucial importance.
For problems, current method for surveying is geophysical method and probing method, is drilled for local point
It is more accurate that geological condition discloses, but the geological condition of continuum is difficult to disclose, the limitation with " a peephole view ".
Hidden danger distribution situation except drilling is difficult to determine, extremely limited by drilling the geologic hidden peril that can be disclosed.
Geophysical exploration about exhausted be according to geologic body and the physical difference of surrounding medium for example resistivity, polarizability, dielectric constant,
Elastic wave velocity etc. is observed using dedicated instrument by natural field source or the artificial field source of excitation.One piece of region can be obtained
Physical property characteristic, break through probing " a peephole view " limitation.So using the exploring drill hole on ground, drilled, ground object
It visits, can get than drilling better Effect on Detecting.But geophysical exploration about exhausted is carried out in hole there is also many problems, though some methods
Right technical feasibility in theory, but during practice and be not suitable for.Such as Guangzhou Underground in process of construction by boulder
It is affected, up to ten several geophysical prospecting methods has successively been selected to carry out engineering geophysical method experiment and case study, the results showed that：
Transient electromagnetic, surface geology radar, Seismic Imaging Method cannot all obtain good Effect on Detecting, but the density electricity in physical prospecting that drills
Method CT and seismic CT have good Effect on Detecting, but investigative range is two dimensional cross-section, and three-dimensional detection technology is not yet ripe, mesh
The preceding observation system for across hole electrical method CT is mostly hole hole to wearing, and has ignored the letter in ground configuration electrode and hole between electrode
Number, to the geological information being lost between the ground of hole, simultaneously because its data acquisition modes acquires for serial combination, collecting efficiency
It is low.
Invention content
The present invention is insufficient existing for across hole detection method at present in order to solve, it is proposed that a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation
System and geologic body method for surveying.The present invention is based on national inventing patent, " distributed parallel intelligent electrode potential difference signal acquires
Method " (patent of invention number：ZL200410014020 on the basis of), three are constituted by being simutaneously arranged electrode in ground and drilling
Observation system is tieed up, in addition the advantage of parallel electrical method data acquisition：When an electrode is powered, other all electrodes acquire number simultaneously
According to such gathered data amount is huge.If since single survey line is shorter in drilling, can after completing one group of data test,
All electrodes in drilling are divided several times while above being carried certain distance, then gathered data, ensure the entire search coverage of data cover；
Inverting is carried out by extracting inverting file again, obtains the electrical inversion result of three dimensions, it is latent to reach three dimensions underground with this
The Effect on Detecting of geologic body.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system, according to ground
The mode that electrode is combined in face electrode and hole arranges three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system：
Electrode arrangement in hole：Arrange that an electrode array, electrode array are made of the electrode of several constant spacings in each drilling,
Electrode array is sent into respective bore bottom, and ensures the spacing in electrode array between each electrode by the length of L, is ensured in drilling
Position of the electrode in respective bore；
Ground electrodes group is arranged：Spacing in ground configuration grid electrode group, grid electrode group between each electrode
Respectively a and grid range cover the planar range of drilling where electrode in hole；
Public electrode B is placed at infinity, and public relatively electrode N is placed at an arbitrary position；Public electrode B,
Each electrode array, ground electrodes group are connected by parallel electrical prospecting apparatus respectively in public relatively electrode N, drilling, pass through porous and ground
The synchronization electrical method in face is observed, and finds out latent geologic anomaly.
As being further improved for said program, in hole when electrode arrangement, electrode array by falling weight or is bundled in
In thin bar, it is sent into foot of hole.
As being further improved for said program, in hole when electrode arrangement, if drying is anhydrous in drilling, need in the borehole
It pours water, ensures the contact of electrode.
As being further improved for said program, the spacing in electrode array between each electrode is 0.2m~1m；Latticed electricity
Spacing in the group of pole between each electrode is 1m~5m.
The present invention also provides a kind of geologic body method for surveying comprising following steps：
One, multiple drillings and the parallel electrical method observation system of the above-mentioned Arbitrary 3 D of ground configuration are based on；
Supply current when two, being powered using an electrode in the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of electrical method test system acquisition
The voltage data body obtained with other each electrode measurements, the interior all numbers comprising nature field, primary field and secondary field of the data volume
According to；
Three, other each electrode measurements when all electrodes are powered successively are completed by the acquisition method of step 2, it is whole until completing
The data acquisition of a detection section；
If four, drilling depth H is more than the length of electrode array in respective bore, several times by the survey line in all drillings point
Above carry certain distance S, but S simultaneously<L ensures that two surveys line have certain overlapping region, until survey line all covers detecting area
Between, by Step 2: three data acquisitions；
Five, collected data volume solution editorial afterword is handled according to virtual electrode coordinate, extraction inverting file carries out anti-
Processing is drilled, the final electrical 3D data volume obtained in entire detection section；
Six, electrical 3D data volume is subjected to relevant treatment into figure, and combines practical geological condition, carry out related geology solution
It releases.
As being further improved for said program, in step 2, the parallel electrical method test system is acquired using AM methods
Data：I.e. one of electrode as current electrode when powering, other all electrode simultaneous observation potential datas；It is supplied with two kinds
Electric period combination power supply mode power supply, i.e., the interior pulse direct current for including two different cycles of each power-up period；It is supplied at one
Nature electric field data, primary field voltage data and secondary field voltage data are obtained in the electric period.
As being further improved for said program, in step 3, if drilling depth H is larger, along bore detecting distance compared with
When long, due to the limitation of single survey line length in drilling, first electrode arranged upwards from drilling bottommost, complete an observation
After system data acquisition, the survey line in all drillings is above carried into certain distance S, but S simultaneously<It is certain to ensure that two surveys line have by L
Overlapping region, then acquired after data according still further to this step while above having carried the electrode array in each drilling, until completing entire detection
The data of section acquire.
It is reconnoitred in construction geology before the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of arrangement as being further improved for said program
Kong Shi carries out relevant treatment to the hole of reconnoitring completed, with using scene drilling, cost is reconnoitred in saving to the greatest extent.
Further, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, the hole of reconnoitring completed is carried out adding non-metallic casing processing, set
Pipe selects screen casing, if in the case of without screen casing, will substitute screen casing by several row's apertures of the spacing of 20cm arrangement outside casing.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1. the present invention is proposed when progress preliminary engineering is reconnoitred, anti-collapse hole processing is carried out to reconnoitring hole, rationally utilizes work
Journey reconnoitres hole, has saved cost；
2. it is individually electric to breach conventional high-density electrical prospecting apparatus due to the unique data acquisition modes of parallel electrical method in the present invention
When pole or two electrode power supplies, the limitation that two electrodes receive is powered for single-point, all electrodes whole acquisition electrical potential informations,
Gathered data amount is huge, and on-site data gathering is efficient；
3. due to the scalability of parallel electrical prospecting apparatus, the present invention across hole electrical method CT three-dimensional to porous progress can detect simultaneously,
And the latticed arrangement electrode of combined ground, form the full stereo observing system in ground and hole, coverage area bigger, data acquired
It measures huge；
4. it is more to get parms：Can be obtained in each power-up period nature field, primary field, secondary field potential data, together
When the primary field potential response of different frequency can be obtained by each power-up period power-on time length, obtain search coverage
Polarizability parameter can carry out relevant parameter extraction and analysis in special item；
5. full three dimensions resistivity inversion, as a result more intuitive, while can also be extracted in 3D data volume by software
Section between any two drilling.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the horizontal layout schematic diagram of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the dimensional structure diagram of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is emission electrode and receiving electrode relation schematic diagram in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is illustrated using the in-situ measurement of a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of the present invention and geologic body method for surveying
Figure；
Fig. 5 is actual field detection of three dimensional solid result figure；
In figure：Electrode in 1- drillings；2- ground electrodes；3- drills；4- current electrodes.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
A kind of geologic body method for surveying of the present invention mainly includes the following steps that.
One, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, relevant treatment is carried out to the hole of reconnoitring completed, to utilize to the greatest extent
Cost is reconnoitred in scene drilling, saving.
Certainly the work of this step can be omitted, and be directly entered second step.When construction geology reconnoitres hole, to complete
At reconnoitre hole carry out plus non-metallic casing (such as PVC casings) processing, casing select screen casing, if in the case of without screen casing, will cover
The outer spacing by 20cm of pipe arranges several row's apertures to substitute screen casing.
Two, multiple drillings and the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of ground configuration are based on.
Using the parallel electrical method observation system of three-dimensional based on multiple drillings and ground configuration：According to ground electrodes and Kong Zhong electricity
The mode that pole is combined arranges three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system, specific as follows.
(1) electrode arrangement in hole：Arrange an electrode array in each drilling, electrode array by several constant spacings electrode structure
At electrical method electrode array is sent into respective bore bottom, and ensures the spacing in electrode array between each electrode by the length of L, is ensured
Position of the electrode in respective bore in drilling；
(2) ground electrodes group is arranged：In ground configuration grid electrode group, grid electrode group between each electrode between
Away from the planar range to drill where electrode in respectively a and grid range covering hole.
(3) public electrode B is placed at infinity, and public relatively electrode N is placed at an arbitrary position；Public electrode
B, each electrode array, ground electrodes group are connected by parallel electrical prospecting apparatus respectively in public relatively electrode N, drilling, by it is porous with
The synchronization electrical method on ground is observed, and finds out latent geologic anomaly.
The key point of the present invention：It is simutaneously arranged electrod-array by ground and drilling, forms the full three-dimensional in ground and hole
Observation system, coverage area bigger, data acquired amount are huge.It gets parms more：Can be obtained in each power-up period nature field,
The potential data of primary field, secondary field, while the primary field potential response of different frequency can be obtained by power-on time length,
The polarizability parameter for obtaining search coverage can extract in special item and use.
Wherein, in hole in electrode arrangement, electrode array by falling weight or can be bundled in thin bar, is sent into drilling bottom
Portion.If drying is anhydrous in drilling, it need to pour water in the borehole, ensure the contact of electrode.Spacing in electrode array between each electrode is
0.2m~1m；Spacing in grid electrode group between each electrode is 1m~5m.
Supply current when three, acquiring that each electrode is powered in three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system using parallel electrical prospecting apparatus and
The collected voltage data of other electrodes.
The test system uses AM method gathered datas：When being powered as current electrode using one of electrode, other
All electrode simultaneous observation potential datas；I.e. one of electrode is as current electrode, and in power supply, other all electrodes are same
Walk observation voltage data；It is powered with two kinds of power-up period associating power supply modes, i.e., includes two different weeks in each power-up period
The pulse direct current of phase；Nature electric field data, primary field voltage data and secondary field electricity can be obtained in a power-up period
Data are pressed, the electrical parameters such as natural potential, resistivity, polarizability are can extract.
Four, the data acquisition of entire detection section is completed.
If drilling depth H is larger, when longer along bore detecting distance, due to the limitation of single survey line length in drilling, first
It will be in the survey line whole in all drillings after completing an observation system data acquisition from drilling bottommost arrangement by electrode
Carry certain distance S, but S<L ensures that two surveys line have certain overlapping region, then has acquired after one group of number according still further in this step
The electrode array in each drilling is carried, until completing the data acquisition of entire detection section.
Five, collected data solution editorial afterword is handled according to virtual electrode coordinate, extraction inverting file carries out inverting
Processing, the final three-dimensional electrical data body obtained in entire detection section.
Six, 3D data volume is subjected to relevant treatment into figure, and combines practical geological condition, carry out related geologic interpretation.
Step 6 can also be omitted.
For the clearer introduction present invention, in the present embodiment, by taking four drilling as an example, four drilling depths are all
16m, bore diameter 90mm, spacing of wells 20m explain the present invention.
One, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, jacketed pipe processing is carried out to the hole of reconnoitring completed, casing selects PVC sieves
Pipe, screen casing diameter 75mm, if in the case of PVC free screen casing, 5 row's apertures will be arranged by the spacing of 20cm outside pvc pipe with electric hand drill
To substitute screen casing, it is therefore an objective to ensure the connection of pvc pipe inner electric field and outer electric field.
Two, three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system is arranged in such a way that electrode in ground electrodes and hole is combined, incorporated by reference to
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, specially：
Electrode 1 is arranged in hole：Electrode array totally 16 electrodes 1,1 spacing 40cm of electrode, then per strip electrode string in each drilling 3
Length is 6m；Electrode array by falling weight or is bundled in thin bar, 3 bottoms of drilling are sent into；
Ground electrodes 2 are arranged：In ground configuration grid electrode group, 2 spacing 4m of electrode, range is bored where covering electrode 1
The planar range in hole 3.
Three, it after observation system arranges, if anhydrous in drilling 3, needs to pour water into drilling 3, until flooding topmost electrode 1
Connecting test system behind position carries out parameter setting to test system.It is used using AM method gathered datas incorporated by reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
Two kinds of power-up period associating power supply modes of 0.1s and 1s are powered, i.e., include two differences in each power-up period of each electrode 1
The pulse direct current of period 0.1s and 1s.When one of electrode 1 being used to power for current electrode 4,1 simultaneous observation of all electrodes
Potential data obtains and surveys area's electrical situation.
In step 3, specially each 3 16 electrodes of arrangement of drilling, 36 electrodes of ground configuration.If in first drilling 3
Electrode be respectively A1, A2 ... A16, electrode is respectively B1, B2 ... B16, electrode during third drills in second drilling
Respectively C1, C2 ... C16, electrode is respectively D1, D2 ... D16 in the 4th drilling, ground electrodes 1,2 ... 36, shape
At electrod-array.When carrying out AM measurements, the transmitting and reception of electrode are respectively：A1 powers, and A1~A16, B1~B16, C1~
C16, D1~D16,1~36 receives potential data simultaneously, and A2 powers, A1~A16, B1~B16, C1~C16, D1~D16,1~
36 receive potential data simultaneously, until A16 powers, A1~A16, B1~B16, C1~C16, D1~D16,1~36 receives simultaneously
Potential data；Analogize by this method, until each electrode in four drillings is powered successively；When ground electrodes 1# power supplies, 1~
36, A1~A16, B1~B16, C1~C16, D1~D16 simultaneously gathered data, 2# power when, 1~36, A1~A16, B1~
B16, C1~C16, D1~D16 while gathered data, until 36# electrodes are powered, 1~36, A1~A16, B1~B16, C1~
C16, D1~D16 while gathered data.So far, the collecting work of all data of observation system is completed.
Four, due to every strip electrode string length far smaller than 3 depth of drilling, first electrode 1 is arranged from 3 bottommosts of drilling,
After completing the acquisition of observation system data, the survey line in all drillings 3 is all above carried into 5m, 1m Chong Die with upper bar survey line, then
Acquire one group of data；Acquired after data all electrodes 3 while will above carry 5m in drilling again, with last time observation system and be overlapped 1m
Afterwards, gathered data so far completes the data acquisition of entire detection section.
Five, collected data are handled according to virtual electrode coordinate, extraction inverting file carries out inversion procedure, most
The 3D data volume in entire coverage of survey area is obtained eventually, includes the parameters such as natural potential, resistivity, polarizability in data volume.
Six, 3D data volume is subjected to relevant treatment into figure, and combines practical geological condition, carry out related geologic interpretation,
As shadow region is abnormal area in Fig. 4.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system, it is characterised in that：In such a way that electrode is combined in ground electrodes and hole
The three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of arrangement：
Electrode arrangement in hole：It arranges that an electrode array, electrode array are made of the electrode of several constant spacings in each drilling, grows
Degree is L, electrode array is sent into respective bore bottom, and ensure the spacing in electrode array between each electrode, ensures electrode in drilling
Position in respective bore；
Ground electrodes group is arranged：Spacing difference in ground configuration grid electrode group, grid electrode group between each electrode
For the planar range to drill where electrode in a and grid range covering hole；
Public electrode B is placed at infinity, and public relatively electrode N is placed at an arbitrary position；It is public electrode B, public
Compare that electrode N, each electrode array, ground electrodes group are connected by parallel electrical prospecting apparatus respectively in drilling, by porous with ground
Synchronous electrical method observation, finds out latent geologic anomaly.
2. three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It, will be electric in hole when electrode arrangement
Pole string is by falling weight or is bundled in thin bar, is sent into foot of hole.
3. three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In hole when electrode arrangement, if boring
Drying is anhydrous in hole, need to pour water in the borehole, ensure the contact of electrode.
4. three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In electrode array between each electrode between
Away from for 0.2m~1m；Spacing in grid electrode group between each electrode is 1m~5m.
5. a kind of geologic body method for surveying, it is characterised in that：It includes the following steps：
One, based on the three-dimensional of multiple drillings and ground configuration as described in any one of Claims 1-4 parallel electrical method observation system
System；
Supply current when two, being powered using an electrode in the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of electrical method test system acquisition and its
The voltage data body that his each electrode measurement obtains, the interior all data comprising nature field, primary field and secondary field of the data volume；
Three, other each electrode measurements when all electrodes are powered successively are completed by the acquisition method of step 2, until completing entire visit
Survey the data acquisition of section；
If four, drilling depth H is more than the length of electrode array in respective bore, simultaneously several times by the survey line in all drillings point
Above carry certain distance S, but S<L ensures that two surveys line have certain overlapping region, until survey line all covers detection interval, presses
Step 2: three data acquisitions；
Five, collected data volume solution editorial afterword is handled according to virtual electrode coordinate, extraction inverting file carries out at inverting
Reason, the final electrical 3D data volume obtained in entire detection section；
Six, electrical 3D data volume is subjected to relevant treatment into figure, and combines practical geological condition, carry out related geologic interpretation.
6. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step 2, the parallel electrical method test
System uses AM method gathered datas：I.e. one of electrode as current electrode when powering, other all electrode simultaneous observations
Potential data；It is powered with two kinds of power-up period associating power supply modes, i.e., includes the arteries and veins of two different cycles in each power-up period
Rush direct current；Nature electric field data, primary field voltage data and secondary field voltage data are obtained in a power-up period.
7. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step 3, if drilling depth H is larger,
Along bore detecting distance it is longer when, due to drill in single survey line length limitation, first by electrode from drilling the upward cloth of bottommost
It sets, after completing an observation system data acquisition, the survey line in all drillings is above carried into certain distance S, but S simultaneously<L is protected
Two surveys line of card have certain overlapping region, then have acquired after data according still further to this step while above having carried the electrode in each drilling
String, until completing the data acquisition of entire detection section.
8. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：In the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of arrangement
Before, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, relevant treatment is carried out to the hole of reconnoitring completed, to be bored to the greatest extent using scene
Cost is reconnoitred in hole, saving.
9. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：When construction geology reconnoitres hole, to complete
At reconnoitre that hole carries out plus non-metallic casing processing, casing select screen casing, if in the case of without screen casing, by outside casing by 20cm's
Spacing arranges several row's apertures to substitute screen casing.
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