CN106443794A - Three-dimensional parallel electrical prospecting observation system and geological body exploration method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional parallel electrical prospecting observation system and geological body exploration method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a three-dimensional parallel electrical prospecting observation system and a geological body exploration method. According to the construction of the three-dimensional parallel electrical prospecting observation system, electrodes are arranged on the ground and in a plurality of holes simultaneously. According to in-hole electrode arrangement, an electrode string is arranged in each borehole, and each electrode string is composed of a plurality of electrodes with fixed spacing, and the length of each electrode string is L. According to ground electrode group arrangement, a grid-like electrode group is arranged on the ground, the spacing of the electrodes in the grid-like electrode group is a, and the grid range of the grid-like electrode group covers the range of a plane of the boreholes where the in-hole electrodes are located. A common electrode B is placed at infinity, and a common comparison electrode N is placed at any position; the common electrode B, the common comparison electrode N, the electrode strings in the boreholes, the ground electrode group are connected through a parallel electric prospecting instrument; and hidden geological anomalies can be identified through multi-hole and ground synchronous electrical prospecting observation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional method for surveying of a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system and geologic body, more particularly to a kind of
Three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system and geologic body method for surveying based on multiple drillings and ground synchronous arrangement.
Background technology
Underground is lain concealed geologic body such as solution cavity, boulder etc. and has larger threat to various engineering projects, is particularly some little
Scope, region that ground survey line cannot be arranged typically all can construction drill reconnoitred, such as the karst cavity below highway is asked
Topic, can frequently result in subsiding for road surface, the people's lives and property is constituted a serious threat；Orphan during shield in front of shield machine
Stone etc. constitutes material risk etc. to the driving of shield machine, therefore how to find out that geology is lain concealed in the underground of the fine requirement of this small range
Body is of crucial importance.
For problems, current method for surveying is geophysical method and probing method, drills for partial points position
It is more accurate that geological condition is disclosed, but the geological condition for continuum is difficult to disclose, the limitation with " a peephole view ".
Hidden danger distribution situation outside drilling is difficult to determine, extremely limited by drilling the geologic hidden peril that can disclose.
Geophysical exploration about exhausted be according to the physical difference of geologic body and surrounding medium for example resistivity, polarizability, dielectric constant,
Elastic wave velocity etc., using special instrument, by natural field source or excites artificial field source to be observed.One piece of region can be obtained
Physical property characteristic, break through probing " a peephole view " limitation.So using the exploring drill hole on ground, carry out drilling, ground thing
Visit, can obtain than drilling more preferable Effect on Detecting.But carry out in the hole geophysical exploration about exhausted and there is also a lot of problems, though some methods
Right technical feasibility in theory, but during practice and do not apply to.Such as Guangzhou Underground is subject to boulder in process of construction
Impact is larger, has successively selected up to ten several geophysical prospecting method to carry out engineering geophysical method test and case study, has as a result shown：
Transient electromagnetic, surface geology radar, Seismic Imaging Method can not all obtain good Effect on Detecting, but the density in drilling physical prospecting is electric
Method CT and seismic CT have good Effect on Detecting, but investigative range is that two dimensional cross-section, three-dimensional detection technology is not yet ripe, mesh
The front observation system for across hole electrical method CT mostly is hole hole to wearing, and have ignored the letter between ground configuration electrode and electrode in hole
Number, so as to lost the geological information between the ground of hole, simultaneously because its data acquisition modes is gathered for serial combination, collecting efficiency
Low.
Content of the invention
The present invention be in order to solve the deficiency that at present across hole detection method is present, it is proposed that a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation
System and geologic body method for surveying.Based on national inventing patent, " distributed parallel intelligent electrode potential difference signal is gathered the present invention
Method " (patent of invention number：ZL200410014020 on the basis of), by while arranging that electrode constitutes three in ground and drilling
Observation system is tieed up, in addition the advantage of parallel electrical method data acquisition：When an electrode power supply, other all electrodes gather number simultaneously
According to such gathered data amount is huge.If due to drilling in wall scroll survey line shorter, can after one group of data test is completed,
All electrodes in drilling are divided several times while above carry certain distance, then gathered data, it is ensured that the whole search coverage of data cover；
Inverting is carried out by extracting inverting file again, the electrical inversion result of three dimensions is obtained, three dimensions underground is reached with this and is lain concealed
The Effect on Detecting of geologic body.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system, according to ground
The mode that in face electrode and hole, electrode combines arranges three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system：
Electrode arrangement in hole：An electrode array is arranged in each drilling, electrode array is made up of the electrode of several constant spacings,
Its length is L, electrode array is sent into respective bore bottom, and ensures the spacing in electrode array between each electrode, it is ensured that in drilling
Position of the electrode in respective bore；
Ground electrodes group is arranged：In ground configuration grid electrode group, the spacing in grid electrode group between each electrode
The planar range of drilling that electrode is located in respectively a and grid scope covering hole；
Public electrode B is placed at infinity, and the public electrode N that compares is placed at an arbitrary position；Public electrode B,
Public compare electrode N, each electrode array, ground electrodes group are connected by parallel electrical prospecting apparatus respectively in drilling, by porous and ground
The synchronous electrical method observation in face, finds out latent geologic anomaly.
As the improvement further of such scheme, in hole during electrode arrangement, electrode array by falling weight or is bundled in
In thin bar, foot of hole is sent into.
As the improvement further of such scheme, in hole during electrode arrangement, if drying is anhydrous in drilling, need in the borehole
Pour water, it is ensured that the contact of electrode.
Used as the improvement further of such scheme, the spacing in electrode array between each electrode is 0.2m～1m；Latticed electricity
Spacing in the group of pole between each electrode is 1m～5m.
The present invention also provides a kind of geologic body method for surveying, and which comprises the following steps：
First, based on multiple drillings and the parallel electrical method observation system of the above-mentioned Arbitrary 3 D of ground configuration；
2nd, using the supply current in the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of electrical method test system collection during an electrode power supply
The voltage data body for obtaining with other each electrode measurements, all numbers comprising nature field, primary field and secondary field in the data body
According to；
3rd, by the acquisition method of step 2, other each electrode measurements when all electrodes are powered successively are completed, whole until completing
The data acquisition of individual detection section；
If the survey line in all drillings is divided several times by four drilling depths H more than the length of electrode array in respective bore
While above carry certain distance S, but S<L, it is ensured that two surveys line have certain overlapping region, until survey line all covers detecting area
Between, by step 2, three data acquisitions；
5th, the data volume solution editorial afterword for collecting is processed according to virtual electrode coordinate, extracting inverting file is carried out instead
Process is drilled, the final electrical 3D data volume for obtaining in whole detection section；
6th, electrical 3D data volume is carried out relevant treatment and becomes figure, and actual geological condition is combined, carry out related geology solution
Release.
As the improvement further of such scheme, in step 2, the parallel electrical method test system is gathered using AM method
Data：That is one of electrode when powering as current electrode, other all electrode simultaneous observation potential datas；Supplied with two kinds
Electric cycle combination power supply mode is powered, i.e., the pulse direct current comprising two different cycles in each power-up period；Supply at one
Nature electric field data, primary field voltage data and secondary field voltage data is obtained in the electric cycle.
As the improvement further of such scheme, in step 3, if drilling depth H is larger, along bore detecting distance relatively
When long, due to the restriction of single survey line length in drilling, first electrode is arranged upwards from drilling bottommost, complete an observation
After system data acquisition, by the survey line in all drillings while above carrying certain distance S, but S<L, it is ensured that two surveys line have certain
Overlapping region, then according still further to this step while above carry the electrode array in each drilling after having gathered data, until complete whole detection
The data acquisition of section.
As the improvement further of such scheme, before the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of arrangement, reconnoitre in construction geology
Kong Shi, carries out relevant treatment to the hole of reconnoitring for having completed, farthest using scene drilling, to save and reconnoitre cost.
Further, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, the hole of reconnoitring for having completed is carried out plus non-metallic casing process, set
Screen casing selected by pipe, if no in the case of screen casing, some row's apertures will be arranged in order to substitute screen casing by the spacing of 20cm outside sleeve pipe.
Used as the improvement further of such scheme, electrical method test system is using parallel electrical prospecting apparatus or high-density electric instrument.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1. the present invention is proposed when carrying out preliminary engineering and reconnoitring, and carries out anti-collapse hole process to reconnoitring hole, rationally using work
Journey reconnoitres hole, has saved cost；
2., due to the data acquisition modes of parallel electrical method uniqueness in the present invention, the single electricity of conventional high-density electrical prospecting apparatus is breached
When pole or two electrode power supplies, the restriction that two electrodes are received, which is that single-point is powered, and all electrodes all gather electrical potential information,
Gathered data amount is huge, on-site data gathering efficiency high；
3., due to the extensibility of parallel electrical prospecting apparatus, the present invention can be detected while carry out three-dimensional across hole electrical method CT to porous,
And the latticed arrangement electrode of combined ground, ground and the full stereo observing system in hole is formed, coverage is bigger, data acquired
Amount is huge；
4. get parms many：The potential data of nature field, primary field, secondary field can be obtained in each power-up period, with
When can obtain the primary field potential response of different frequency by each power-up period power-on time length, obtain search coverage
Polarizability parameter, can carry out relevant parameter extraction and analysis in special item；
5. full three dimensions resistivity inversion, as a result more directly perceived, while can also be extracted in 3D data volume by software
Section between any two drilling.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the horizontal layout schematic diagram of the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is emission electrode and receiving electrode relation schematic diagram in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is illustrated using the in-situ measurement of a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of the present invention and geologic body method for surveying
Figure；
Fig. 5 is actual field detection of three dimensional solid result figure；
In figure：Electrode in 1- drilling；2- ground electrodes；3- drills；4- current electrode.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
A kind of geologic body method for surveying of the present invention is mainly included the following steps that.
First, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, relevant treatment is carried out to the hole of reconnoitring for having completed, farthest to utilize
Scene drilling, saves and reconnoitres cost.
Certainly the work of this step can be omitted, and be directly entered second step.When construction geology reconnoitres hole, to complete
Hole is carried out plus non-metallic casing (as PVC sleeve pipe) is processed for reconnoitring of becoming, and sleeve pipe selects screen casing, if no in the case of screen casing, will set
The outer spacing by 20cm of pipe arranges some row's apertures in order to substitute screen casing.
2nd, based on the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of multiple drillings and ground configuration.
Using the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system based on multiple drillings and ground configuration：According to ground electrodes and Kong Zhong electricity
The mode that pole combines arranges three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system, specific as follows.
(1) electrode arrangement in hole：An electrode array is arranged in each drilling, electrode array is by the electrode structure of several constant spacings
Become, its length is to send into respective bore bottom L, by electrical method electrode array, and ensures the spacing in electrode array between each electrode, it is ensured that
Position of the electrode in respective bore in drilling；
(2) ground electrodes group arrangement：In ground configuration grid electrode group, in grid electrode group between each electrode between
Away from respectively a and grid scope cover hole in electrode be located drilling planar range.
(3) public electrode B is placed at infinity, and the public electrode N that compares is placed at an arbitrary position；Public electrode
B, public compare electrode N, each electrode array, ground electrodes group are connected by parallel electrical prospecting apparatus respectively in drilling, by porous and
The synchronous electrical method observation on ground, finds out latent geologic anomaly.
The key point of the present invention：By ground and drilling while electrod-array is arranged, ground and the full three-dimensional in hole is formed
Observation system, coverage is bigger, and data acquired amount is huge.Get parms many：Can obtain in each power-up period nature field,
Primary field, the potential data of secondary field, while the primary field potential response of different frequency can be obtained by power-on time length,
The polarizability parameter of search coverage is obtained, be can extract in special item and use.
Wherein, in hole in electrode arrangement, electrode array by falling weight or can be bundled in thin bar, sends into drilling bottom
Portion.If drying is anhydrous in drilling, need to pour water in the borehole, it is ensured that the contact of electrode.Spacing in electrode array between each electrode is
0.2m～1m；Spacing in grid electrode group between each electrode is 1m～5m.
3rd, using the supply current in the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of parallel electrical prospecting apparatus collection during each electrode power supply and
The voltage data that other electrodes are collected.
The test system adopts AM method gathered data：When being powered as current electrode using one of electrode, other
All electrode simultaneous observation potential datas；That is one of electrode is used as current electrode, and which is in power supply, and other all electrodes are same
Step observation voltage data；Powered with two kinds of power-up period associating power supply modes, i.e., comprising two different weeks in each power-up period
The pulse direct current of phase；Nature electric field data, primary field voltage data and secondary field electricity can be obtained in a power-up period
Pressure data, the electrical parameter such as extractable natural potential, resistivity, polarizability.
4th, complete entirely to detect the data acquisition of section.
If drilling depth H is larger, along bore detecting distance longer when, due to the restriction of single survey line length in drilling, first
By electrode from drilling bottommost arrangement, after an observation system data acquisition is completed, by all drilling in survey line whole on
Carry certain distance S, but S<L, it is ensured that two surveys line have certain overlapping region, then gathered after one group of number according still further in this step
The electrode array in each drilling is carried, until completing entirely to detect the data acquisition of section.
5th, the data solution editorial afterword for collecting is processed according to virtual electrode coordinate, extracting inverting file carries out inverting
Process, the final three-dimensional electrical data body for obtaining in whole detection section.
6th, 3D data volume is carried out relevant treatment and becomes figure, and actual geological condition is combined, carry out related geologic interpretation.
Step 6 can also be omitted.Electrical method test system can adopt parallel electrical prospecting apparatus or high-density electric instrument.
The present invention is introduced in order to clearer, in the present embodiment, by taking four drilling as an example, four drilling depths are all
16m, bore diameter is 90mm, spacing of wells 20m, and the present invention is explained.
First, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, jacketed pipe process is carried out to the hole of reconnoitring for having completed, sleeve pipe is sieved from PVC
Pipe, screen casing diameter 75mm, if in the case of PVC-free screen casing, will arrange 5 row's apertures by the spacing of 20cm outside pvc pipe with electric hand drill
In order to substitute screen casing, it is therefore an objective to ensure the connection of pvc pipe inner electric field and outer electric field.
2nd, the mode for combining according to electrode in ground electrodes and hole arranges three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system, incorporated by reference to
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, specially：
In hole, electrode 1 is arranged：Electrode array totally 16 electrodes 1 in each drilling 3,1 spacing 40cm of electrode, then per strip electrode string
Length is 6m；Electrode array by falling weight or is bundled in thin bar, sends into 3 bottoms of drilling；
Ground electrodes 2 are arranged：In ground configuration grid electrode group, 2 spacing 4m of electrode, scope covers brill that electrode 1 is located
The planar range in hole 3.
3rd, after observation system is arranged, if anhydrous in drilling 3, need to pour water into drilling 3, to flooding topmost electrode 1
Connecting test system behind position, carries out parameter setting to test system.Incorporated by reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, using AM method gathered data, use
0.1s and two kinds of power-up period associating power supply modes of 1s are powered, i.e., include two differences in each power-up period of each electrode 1
The pulse direct current of cycle 0.1s and 1s.When being powered for current electrode 4 using one of electrode 1,1 simultaneous observation of all electrodes
Potential data, obtains and surveys the electrical situation in area.
In step 3, it is specially each drilling 3 and arranges 16 electrodes, 36 electrodes of ground configuration.If in first drilling 3
Electrode be respectively A1, A2 ... A16, second drilling in electrode be respectively B1, B2 ... B16, the 3rd drilling in electrode
Respectively C1, C2 ... C16, the 4th drilling in electrode be respectively D1, D2 ... D16, ground electrodes be 1,2 ... 36, shape
Become electrod-array.When AM measurement is carried out, the transmitting of electrode and reception are respectively：A1 powers, and A1～A16, B1～B16, C1～
C16, D1～D16,1～36 receives potential data simultaneously, and A2 powers, A1～A16, B1～B16, C1～C16, D1～D16,1～
36 receive potential data simultaneously, until A16 powers, A1～A16, B1～B16, C1～C16, D1～D16,1～36 while receive
Potential data；Analogize in this way, until each electrode in four drillings is powered successively；When ground electrodes 1# are powered, 1～
36th, A1～A16, B1～B16, C1～C16, D1～D16 be while gathered data, when 2# powers, 1～36, A1～A16, B1～
B16, C1～C16, D1～D16 is while gathered data, until 36# electrode power supply, 1～36, A1～A16, B1～B16, C1～
C16, D1～D16 is while gathered data.So far, the collecting work of all data of observation system is completed.
4th, as every strip electrode string length is far smaller than 3 depth that drill, first electrode 1 is arranged from 3 bottommosts of drilling,
After completing an observation system data acquisition, the survey line in all drillings 3 is all above carried 5m, 1m Chong Die with upper bar survey line, then
Gather one group of data；After having gathered data again will in drilling all electrodes 3 while above carry 5m, with last time observation system and overlap 1m
Afterwards, gathered data, so far completes entirely to detect the data acquisition of section.
5th, the data for collecting are processed according to virtual electrode coordinate, extracting inverting file carries out inversion procedure, most
Obtain the 3D data volume in whole coverage of survey area eventually, in data body, include the parameter such as natural potential, resistivity, polarizability.
6th, 3D data volume is carried out relevant treatment and becomes figure, and actual geological condition is combined, related geologic interpretation is carried out,
As in Fig. 4, shadow region is abnormal area.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement that is made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system, it is characterised in that：According to the mode that electrode in ground electrodes and hole combines
The three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of arrangement：
Electrode arrangement in hole：An electrode array is arranged in each drilling, electrode array is made up of the electrode of several constant spacings, its length
Spend for L, electrode array is sent into respective bore bottom, and ensures the spacing in electrode array between each electrode, it is ensured that electrode in drilling
Position in respective bore；
Ground electrodes group is arranged：In ground configuration grid electrode group, the spacing in grid electrode group between each electrode is respectively
Planar range for drilling that electrode is located in a and grid scope covering hole；
Public electrode B is placed at infinity, and the public electrode N that compares is placed at an arbitrary position；Public electrode B, public
In relatively electrode N, drilling, each electrode array, ground electrodes group are connected by parallel electrical prospecting apparatus respectively, by porous and ground
Synchronous electrical method observation, finds out latent geologic anomaly.
2. three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In hole during electrode arrangement, by electricity
Pole is gone here and there by falling weight or is bundled in thin bar, sends into foot of hole.
3. three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In hole during electrode arrangement, if boring
In hole, drying is anhydrous, need to pour water in the borehole, it is ensured that the contact of electrode.
4. three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In electrode array between each electrode between
Away from for 0.2m～1m；Spacing in grid electrode group between each electrode is 1m～5m.
5. a kind of geologic body method for surveying, it is characterised in that：Which comprises the following steps：
First, based on the three-dimensional as described in any one in multiple drillings and ground configuration such as Claims 1-4, electrical method observation is parallel
System；
2nd, using the supply current in the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of electrical method test system collection during an electrode power supply and its
The voltage data body that his each electrode measurement is obtained, all data comprising nature field, primary field and secondary field in the data body；
3rd, by the acquisition method of step 2, other each electrode measurements when all electrodes are powered successively are completed, until completing whole spy
Survey the data acquisition of section；
If length of four drilling depths H more than electrode array in respective bore, by the survey line in all drillings divide several times while
Certain distance S above carried, but S<L, it is ensured that two surveys line have certain overlapping region, until survey line all covers detection interval, presses
Step 2, three data acquisitions；
5th, the data volume solution editorial afterword for collecting is processed according to virtual electrode coordinate, extracting inverting file is carried out at inverting
Reason, the final electrical 3D data volume for obtaining in whole detection section；
6th, electrical 3D data volume is carried out relevant treatment and becomes figure, and actual geological condition is combined, carry out related geologic interpretation.
6. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step 2, the parallel electrical method test
System adopts AM method gathered data：That is one of electrode when powering as current electrode, other all electrode simultaneous observations
Potential data；Powered with two kinds of power-up period associating power supply modes, i.e., the arteries and veins comprising two different cycles in each power-up period
Rush unidirectional current；Nature electric field data, primary field voltage data and secondary field voltage data are obtained in a power-up period.
7. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step 3, if drilling depth H is larger,
Along bore detecting distance longer when, due to the restriction of single survey line length in drilling, first by electrode from drilling bottommost cloth upwards
Put, after an observation system data acquisition is completed, by the survey line in all drillings while above carrying certain distance S, but S<L, protects
Two surveys line of card have certain overlapping region, then according still further to this step while above carrying the electrode in each drilling after having gathered data
String, until complete entirely to detect the data acquisition of section.
8. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：In the three-dimensional parallel electrical method observation system of arrangement
Before, when construction geology reconnoitres hole, relevant treatment is carried out to the hole of reconnoitring for having completed, farthest to bore using scene
Hole, saves and reconnoitres cost.
9. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：When construction geology reconnoitres hole, to complete
Hole is carried out plus non-metallic casing is processed for reconnoitring of becoming, and sleeve pipe selects screen casing, if no in the case of screen casing, by by 20cm's outside sleeve pipe
Spacing arranges some row's apertures in order to substitute screen casing.
10. geologic body method for surveying as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Electrical method test system using parallel electrical prospecting apparatus,
Or high-density electric instrument.
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