CN106426649B - 一种塑料回收制作3d打印耗材的装置 - Google Patents

一种塑料回收制作3d打印耗材的装置 Download PDF

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CN106426649B
CN106426649B CN201610809543.7A CN201610809543A CN106426649B CN 106426649 B CN106426649 B CN 106426649B CN 201610809543 A CN201610809543 A CN 201610809543A CN 106426649 B CN106426649 B CN 106426649B
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傅左强
杨二瑞
尚晨晨
侯梦丽
张佳源
王源
聂容春
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Sichuan Aowei New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C1/00—Crushing or disintegrating by reciprocating members
    • B02C1/14—Stamping mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C19/186—Use of cold or heat for disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于回收再生塑料制作3D打印耗材的设备及方法，包括预处理仓、粉碎机、通道管、冷却仓、冲击盘、旋转盘、螺旋管、液氮罐、柱形喷淋管、液氮加注管、回温仓、弹簧板、拉丝机、液压装置、保温层、冷却板和设置在冷却板出料侧的收卷机。所述粉碎机和预处理仓通过通道管连接，预处理仓设置有旋转刀片，粉碎机设置有冲击盘和旋转盘等；本发明通过将回收的塑料用液氮冷却、粉碎后，加入拉丝机再重新生成3D打印耗料，实现了废料的利用；同时其利用液氮冷却塑料，可使塑料极易粉碎，解决了塑料回收难、耗能大、污染高的问题，同时液氮可充分利用，不会造成环境污染，环保高效。

Description

一种塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置
技术领域
本发明属于塑料回收再利用领域，具体涉及一种塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置。
背景技术
现有技术的塑料回收装置，主要包括硬塑料粉碎机、强力塑料粉碎机和塑料管材塑料粉碎机。这些塑料粉碎机一般由旋转子、刀片、过滤网和传动装置组成，工作时，回收回来的旧塑料被放入入料口，首先进入高速旋转的钢叶轮，原料在于机器的叶轮、齿轮的摩擦中变得支离破碎，最终成为粉末状态。然后这些粉末会进入一个有筛网的地方，粒径小的就会直接被压缩成颗粒状排出机器，粒径大的原料会被重新送入粉碎箱内继续粉碎。现有塑料粉碎机并没有与3D耗材拉丝机相结合，造成了回收的废旧塑料粉末利用价值不高，经济效益低廉。因此，设计出一种将塑料回收后生产出3D打印耗材的装置具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是采用液氮低温脆化复合冷却粉碎技术与生产3D打印耗材相结合的方式，利用塑料在低温下脆化的特性，使其环境温度低于塑料的脆化温度，使用冲击力在冲击载荷作用下进行破坏，从而制作出一种集冷却技术粉碎塑料与生产3D打印耗材于一体的设备，进而保护环境。
一种用于塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置。包括带有旋转刀片的预处理粉碎机，通过通道管与预处理粉碎机连接的冷却仓，冷却仓上部是通过液压装置控制的冲击盘，冷却仓下部有开口的旋转盘。冷却仓外部包裹一层保温材料。冷却仓内部靠壁周围缠绕一层螺旋管且与外部液氮罐相连。冷却仓内部的中间部分是柱形喷淋管。冷却仓下面连接回温仓，这回温仓下料口与拉丝机入料口相连。在拉丝机右侧连接冷却板，冷却板与螺旋管上端出口相连。冷却板后面连接收卷机。
进一步，应用液氮作为冷源，采用螺旋冷却，喷淋冷却两种冷却方式。
进一步，采用冲击盘的冲击力以及冲击盘和旋转盘之间的相互研磨作用来进行粉碎。
进一步，冷却仓外表面的保温材料采用涂装硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料和镀银层两种方式来进行保温。
进一步，回温仓与拉丝机入料口之间有弹簧板。
附图说明：
图1为塑料回收制作3D打印耗材装置的平面图。
图2为液氮加注口示意图。
图3为液氮加注口的三维结构剖面图。
图4为拉丝机的三维结构剖面图。
图5为塑料回收制作3D打印耗材装置的三维结构剖面图。
具体实施方式
推开侧门，门后的启动按钮被触发，由时间继电器采用延时2s启动电机【14】，电机【14】启动，旋转刀片【12】将进入预粉碎仓【11】的塑料垃圾切块，随后从通道管【13】进入冷却部分。在预处理即将结束时，将液氮罐【15】的液氮通入螺旋管【5】和柱形喷淋管【6】中。
初步处理后的塑料碎片进入冷却部分，液氮加注器【8】加入液氮进入冷却部分中心的柱形喷淋管【6】开始间断性喷淋，同时，电机【10】带动柱形喷淋管【6】和底部的旋转盘【4】转动，随后液压装置【9】推动冲击盘【7】下落冲击研磨粉碎。物料经过旋转盘【4】和冲击盘【7】研磨粉碎后，通过旋转盘【4】的开口处进入回温仓【3】，冷却充分后，当回温仓内的弹簧板【2】上的粉末达到一定质量后，弹簧板【2】翻转，将塑料粉末放入拉丝机【1】入料口。随后，塑料粉末通过拉丝机【1】，在拉丝机中凭借螺杆推进到加热融化部分，进行融化，随后通过挤压装置挤出符合3D打印的纤维丝，即产品，经过冷却板【16】再由收卷机【17】收集。

Claims (6)

1.一种塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置，其特征在于：包括粉碎机、通道管、冷却仓、冲击盘、旋转盘、螺旋管、液氮罐、柱形喷淋管、回温仓、弹簧板、拉丝机、冷却板、收卷机、液压装置、保温层、液氮加注器，带有旋转刀片的预处理粉碎机，通过通道管与预处理粉碎机连接的冷却仓，冷却仓上部是通过液压装置控制的冲击盘，冷却仓下部有开口的旋转盘，冷却仓外部包裹一层保温材料，冷却仓内部靠壁周围缠绕一层螺旋管且与外部液氮罐相连，冷却仓内部的中间部分是柱形喷淋管，柱形喷淋管上部具有液氮加注器，冷却仓下面连接回温仓，回温仓下料口与拉丝机入料口相连，在拉丝机右侧连接冷却板，冷却板与螺旋管上端出口相连，冷却板后面连接收卷机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置,其特征在于:应用液氮作为冷源，采用螺旋冷却，喷淋冷却两种冷却方式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置,其特征在于:采用冲击盘的冲击力以及冲击盘和旋转盘之间的相互研磨作用来进行粉碎。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置,其特征在于:旋转盘和柱形喷淋管为同轴连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置,其特征在于:冷却仓外表面的保温材料采用涂装硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料和镀银层方式来进行保持低温。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种塑料回收制作3D打印耗材的装置,其特征在于:回温仓与拉丝机入料口之间有弹簧板。
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CN106945199A (zh) * 2017-03-31 2017-07-14 安徽理工大学 一种废旧塑料低温冲击研磨粉碎装置
CN111890681B (zh) * 2020-08-10 2021-07-13 南京棠邑科创服务有限公司 一种利用废弃塑料品的3d打印机

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Patentee before: Anhui University Of Science And Technology

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Effective date of registration: 20211210

Address after: 610000 Baihe Community Group 4, Lichun Town, Pengzhou City, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Patentee after: Sichuan Aowei New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 230000 China (Hefei) Digital Creative Industry Park 200 meters east of the intersection of Xinbengbu Road and Yuhuangshan Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province

Patentee before: Hefei Matrix 3D Technology Co.,Ltd.

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