CN106425288A - Temperature cycle based additive, subtractive and equal integrated fusion manufacturing method - Google Patents
Temperature cycle based additive, subtractive and equal integrated fusion manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106425288A CN106425288A CN201610606226.5A CN201610606226A CN106425288A CN 106425288 A CN106425288 A CN 106425288A CN 201610606226 A CN201610606226 A CN 201610606226A CN 106425288 A CN106425288 A CN 106425288A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature cycle based additive, subtractive and equal integrated fusion manufacturing method. After arc additive operation, an equal forming unit carries out high-speed extrusion in a solid-liquid mixing temperature interval of a fused deposition layer, and finally a subtractive forming unit carries out high-speed milling forming in a solidification high-temperature area of the fused deposition layer. A feedback system is formed by the equal forming unit and a temperature sensor, and a feedback system is formed by the subtractive forming unit and the temperature sensor. The equal forming unit is responsible for enabling an extrusion wheel to extrude the side of a weld joint at the set temperature, and the subtractive forming unit is responsible for cutting the side of the weld joint at the proper temperature. According to the method, high-speed additive, subtractive and equal manufacturing can be achieved at a time, the part performance and machining precision are guaranteed, meanwhile, the machining speed of workpieces is increased, and the use requirement is met better.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric arc increases material technical field, the material integration such as more particularly, to a kind of increase and decrease based on temperature cycles is melted
Composition manufacture method.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing (Additive Manufacturing, AM) technology is based on discrete-accumulation principle, three-dimensional by part
Data-driven, manufactures the Rapid Prototyping technique of entity component using the method that material successively adds up.This manufacturing process sharpest edges
It is traditional cutter to be formable, reduce operation, shorten the product manufacturing cycle, be particularly suited for inexpensive be pilot system
Make, and the high product of complex structure, raw material added value, the advantage that it rapidly and efficiently shapes is more notable, in aviation boat
My god, biomedicine, derived energy chemical, the field such as minute manufacturing there is broad prospect of application.
Electric arc increases material manufacturing technology (WireArcAdditiveManufacture, WAAM) is a kind of former using successively cladding
Reason, meets (MIG) using welding, gas tungsten arc welding connects (TIG) and plasma welding
The electric arc that the welding machines such as power supply (PA) produce is thermal source, by the interpolation of silk material, under program control, according to three-dimensional digital model
Gradually shape the advanced Digitized Manufacturing Technology of metal parts by line-face-body.It is high that it not only has deposition efficiency；Silk material profit
High with rate；The overall manufacturing cycle is short, low cost；Accessory size is limited few；It is easy to the advantages of repair part, also have multiple in situ
Close the ability manufacturing and shaping large-scale part.More traditional casting, FMT and other increases material manufacturing technology have one
Fixed advance, compared with casting, forging technology,, without mould, the overall manufacturing cycle is short for it, and flexibility degree is high, is capable of
Digitized, intellectuality and parallelization manufacture.
In material increasing field, have using electric arc as the metal parts increases material manufacturing technology of thermal source that equipment is simple, material
The advantages of utilization rate is high, production efficiency is high.Metal wire material is melted as thermal source by electric arc increases material manufacturing technology using electric arc, by setting
Synusia is piled up in figuration path on substrate, and heap applies until metal parts shapes layer by layer.Formation of parts is by fine melt lamination metal group
Become, consistency is high, metallurgical binding performance is good, chemical composition is uniform, mechanical property good.Therefore, electric arc increases material technology is low cost
The important research direction of direct metal fabricating.But, electric arc increasing material manufacturing process is with the high temperature fluent metal droplet transfer
Mode carry out.With the increase piling up the number of plies, pile up that part heat accumulation is serious, radiating condition is poor, bath superheat, be difficult to coagulate
Gu, accumulation horizon shape is difficult to control.Especially when part edge is piled up, because the presence of liquid state molten pool is so that the edge of part
Form becomes more difficult with the control of forming dimension.These problems all directly affect the metallurgical binding intensity of part, pile up chi
Very little precision and surface quality.As can be seen here, the control shaping pattern is the Main Bottleneck of metal parts increases material manufacturing technology.
Content of the invention
For electric arc increases material manufacturing technology defect instantly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of at a high speed, efficiently, precisely, have
The material integrated manufacturing methods such as the hardware increase and decrease of excellent mechanical performances.
For solving the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles, comprises the following steps：
Step S1, electric arc increase material unit and are made up of welding gun and wire feeder, and the electric arc producing between base material and welding gun makes base
Material is subject to thermosetting molten bath, and welding wire is sent in the middle of molten bath by wire-feed motor, forms molten lamination, and now described molten lamination is liquid gold
Belong to；
Step S2, etc. the molten lamination temperature of temperature sensor scanning on material forming unit, be half solidifying when scanning molten lamination
During solid fraction state, wait material forming unit voluntarily to start action, molten lamination both sides are squeezed into plane by original arc surface；
Step S3, when described molten lamination solidifies and is in the condition of high temperature, the temperature sensor subtracting on material forming unit is opened
Begin the molten lamination temperature of scanning, starts action when subtracting material forming unit after sensor scan to Milling Temperature point, milling tool falls molten
Molten lamination both sides are processed further by the still irregular part in lamination both sides；
Step S4, described electric arc increase material unit, etc. material forming unit move on base material together with subtracting material forming unit, real
Successively built-up welding on base material, forms hardware now.
Preferably, waiting material forming temperature to be 400 DEG C to 2500 DEG C, subtracting material forming temperature and being 10 DEG C to 1500 DEG C.
Preferably, waiting the extruding wheel in material forming unit perpendicular to molten lamination both sides, parallel to base material.
Preferably, the source of welding current adopts direct current, exchange or variable polarity power source, electric current is 50A to 500A.
Preferably, protecting molten bath using noble gases (argon), reducing and increasing that material is oxidized and probability that pore,
The impurity producing during reducing increasing material manufacturing, lifts part performance.
Preferably, increasing, material material is different according to the difference of welding wire, increasing material material can change as needed, weldering used
Silk diameter range is 1mm to 10mm.
Preferably, according to the size of forming metal component and structure, welding gun can multiple be arranged, welding gun spacing with
Forming metal component practical situation adjusts, and welding gun is apart from base material 1mm to 10mm.
Preferably, base material material should be mated with welding wire material used, substrate sizes should be by the chi of molding hardware
Very little be designed, and the problems such as be specifically contemplated that radiating, thickness is not less than 5mm.
A kind of material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles of the present invention, after electric arc increases material,
Carry out high-speed extrusion by waiting material forming unit in the solid-liquid mixing temperature interval of molten lamination, exist finally by subtracting material forming unit
The solidification high-temperature region of molten lamination carries out high-speed milling molding, and wherein, the material forming unit such as described and temperature sensor form feedback
System, subtracts material forming unit and temperature sensor forms feedback system；It is responsible for making extruding wheel in design temperature Deng material forming unit
Under extruding to joint edge side, subtract material forming unit and be responsible for the cutting to joint edge side at moderate temperatures.The inventive method energy
The material manufacture such as disposably carry out increasing and decreasing at a high speed, accelerate the processing speed of workpiece while ensureing part performance and machining accuracy
Degree, more meets use requirement.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with existing electric arc increasing material technology, Ke Yiyou
Following effect：
(1) present invention increases material speed soon, increases 5～20 times of material up to conventional arc, is a kind of high speed increasing material manufacturing method.
(2) introduce temperature feedback control circulation, material will be increased, extruding and milling combine.When metal is in half curdled appearance
Complete to extrude, the high-temperature region after metal freezing carries out milling, processing one puts in place, simplify technique, save post-production when
Between.
(3) sequential monitoring is to after molten lamination temperature, the material forming unit such as automatically controls and subtracts material forming unit, the shortest
Reciprocity material forming unit and subtract material forming unit and carry out position adjustment in time.
(4), during conventional arc increasing material manufacturing, after increasing material is stacked into base material, increases material cross section and become semicircle, increase material
Both sides precision is low.The present invention extrudes not solidified molten lamination by extruding wheel and solves the problems, such as that increasing material both sides overflows.Subsequently exist
Molten lamination carries out milling when solidification completely, and Milling Speed is than traditional milling faster.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the inventive method adopts system；
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles of the present invention；
Fig. 3 a is the increasing material manufacturing Workpiece structure front view described in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 b is the increasing material manufacturing Workpiece structure top view described in embodiment 1.
1 welding gun, 2 wire feeding mouths, 3 multidirectional slide blocks, 4 first slide units, 5 second slide units, 6 extruding wheels, 7 is solid
Fixed pole, 8 shaft couplings, 9 electric rotating machines, 10 the 3rd slide units, 11 milling cutters, 12 the 4th slide units, 13 the 5th slide units,
14 positioners.
Specific embodiment
In order that the present invention is more specific, be expressly understood, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment to institute of the present invention
A kind of material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles stated is further described.
The inventive method adopts system as shown in Figure 1, and electric arc increases material unit, waits material forming unit and subtracts material forming unit and put
In same head.Wherein said electric arc increases material unit, waits material forming unit and subtracts material forming unit to be separately fixed at first sliding
In head, the position of three units on platform 4 and the 4th slide unit 12, can be moved by slide unit.Head upper positioner 14 is permissible
Control head rotating.
Described electric arc increases material unit and includes welding gun 1, wire feeder 2, multidirectional slide block 3 and the second slide unit 5, welding gun 1 and sending
Silk mechanism 2 is fixed by multidirectional slide block 3 and both relative positions are adjustable, and the second slide unit 5 is arranged on the first slide unit 4.
The material forming unit such as described includes motor motor 9, shaft coupling 8, fix bar 7, two extruding wheels 6, infrared ray
Temperature sensor 15, the 3rd slide unit 10, two extruding wheels 6 are fixed in fix bar 7, and the 3rd slide unit 10 is arranged on the 4th slide unit 12
On.
The described material forming unit that subtracts includes infrared temperature sensor 16 and milling cutter 11, installs entirely through the 5th slide unit 13
On the first slide unit 4.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles, comprise the following steps：
Step S1, electric arc increase material unit and are made up of welding gun and wire feeder, and the electric arc producing between base material and welding gun makes base
Material is subject to thermosetting molten bath, and welding wire is sent in the middle of molten bath by wire-feed motor, forms molten lamination, and now described molten lamination is liquid gold
Belong to；
Step S2, etc. the molten lamination temperature of temperature sensor scanning on material forming unit, be half solidifying when scanning molten lamination
During solid fraction state, wait material forming unit voluntarily to start action, molten lamination both sides are squeezed into plane by original arc surface；
Step S3, when described molten lamination solidifies and is in the condition of high temperature, the temperature sensor subtracting on material forming unit is opened
Begin the molten lamination temperature of scanning, starts action when subtracting material forming unit after sensor scan to Milling Temperature point, milling tool falls molten
Molten lamination both sides are processed further by the still irregular part in lamination both sides；
Step S4, described electric arc increase material unit, etc. material forming unit move on base material together with subtracting material forming unit, real
Successively built-up welding on base material, forms hardware now.
In the present invention, introduce and apply temperature feedback control device, wait material forming unit and subtract material forming unit and divide
Be not furnished with respective temperature sensor, molten lamination is pointed in temperature sensor, sensor collection to temperature be uploaded to system.Increasing
After material, the molten lamination temperature on base material is in be gradually reduced trend.Temperature sensor real-time monitoring melts lamination temperature, and system enters
Closed loop control cycles, wait material forming unit and subtract material forming unit and adjusted according to the molten lamination temperature that temperature sensor is detected
Whole, if now sensor detecting to molten lamination temperature be not that predetermined temperature is interval, two unit automatically walks, Zhi Dao
When finding corresponding temperature spot on molten lamination, press-forming units and subtract material forming unit and start to corresponding temperature spot institute
Corresponding molten lamination is extruded and milling.
A kind of material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles, specifically includes following steps：
(1) according to required forming metal Components Shape and size, design forming metal component with 3D sculpting software
Threedimensional model, and the data message of file is passed in system, conversion of drawings can be identified by system for 3d print software
Code, and design every layer of slice information.
(2) in material molding (extruding) temperature ranges such as internal system settings in the slush temperature range of molten lamination, if
Put and subtract material molding (milling) temperature range in the solidification temperature range of molten lamination, temperature value can be manually entered, or be
System is internal to select welding wire material, and corresponding extrusion temperature is interval and Milling Temperature then to allow system automatically be chosen according to welding wire material
Interval.
(3) choose arcing point on base material, be first introduced into shielding gas, play minor arc.Electric arc first does pre-add heat treatment to base material,
Time is 0s to 2s, prepares to start from first increasing material of ground floor.
(4) after the pre-add heat treatment of electric arc, start wire feed, wire feed rate is 0.2m/min to 30m/min.Wire feed
While, welding gun starts the program walking according to input.The speed of travel is 0.1m/min to 4m/min.
(5) arc welding wire is melted on base material by electric arc heated, forms reinforcement 1mm to 20mm and melts lamination, now melts lamination
Do not solidify completely, when the temperature that temperature sensor detects molten lamination has arrived the temperature of system setting, wait material forming unit to open
Initiating is made, and two extruding wheels, to in the walking of molten lamination both sides, extrude molten lamination inside two-wheeled, so that molten lamination both sides is squeezed into
Plane.
(6) after (3) step, molten lamination temperature reduces further, and the temperature sensor of milling unit detects system setting
Milling Temperature after, subtract material forming unit and start action, milling tool falls the still irregular part in molten lamination both sides, to molten lamination
Both sides are processed further, and obtain perfectly melting further lamination.
(7) after completing ground floor increasing material manufacturing, head lifts a slicing layer distance, and repeat step (3) arrives step
(7), if completing the manufacture processing of dried layer.
Above-mentioned steps (3) are built-up welding to the described welding of step (7), and wire feeder conveying increases material material, and welding gun melts weldering
Silk forms molten lamination.Electric current is 50A to 500A, and wire feed rate is 0.2m/min to 30m/min, and welding wire is φ 1mm～φ 3mm,
Molten lamination width is 1mm～12mm.
Preferably, after increasing material manufacturing, extruding to the molten lamination of solid-liquid admixture, make molten lamination both sides by former
The arc surface coming is changed into plane, and finally the high temperature interval after the solidification of molten lamination carries out milling to two side planes, makes work flow
Become simpler, reduce difficulty of processing, process velocity is 5～20 times of conventional arc increasing material manufacturing.
Preferably, waiting material forming unit and subtracting material forming unit and be respectively provided with respective temperature sensor, temperature sensing
Device real-time monitoring melts lamination temperature, and the information collected is uploaded to system.Molten lamination temperature after increasing material, on base material
It is in be gradually reduced trend.Now system enters closed loop control cycles, waits material forming unit and subtracts the position of material molding according to temperature
The molten lamination temperature of sensor detecting is adjusted, if the molten lamination temperature Bu Shi design temperature area that now sensor detecting arrives
Between, then system controls position adjustment, when finding corresponding temperature spot on molten lamination, waits material forming unit and subtracts material
Molding starts the molten lamination corresponding to corresponding temperature spot is extruded and milling.
Preferably, manufacturing processing sequence is first to carry out increasing material manufacturing, then extrude to carrying out molten lamination, the most laggard
Row milling.
Preferably, waiting material forming unit operating temperature interval interval higher than subtracting material forming unit operating temperature.
Preferably, waiting the extruding wheel of material forming unit away from increasing from torch neck 2mm～20mm
Preferably, using grade material forming temperature and subtracting material forming temperature interval predetermined system.Preset Deng material forming temperature
Interval setting scope is 400 DEG C to 2500 DEG C, subtracts material forming temperature pre-set interval setting scope and is 10 DEG C to 1500 DEG C.According to weldering
The fusing point of wire material is different, and temperature setting is interval different.Automatically molten lamination avris is extruded when molten lamination does not solidify, with
Melt lamination temperature afterwards to be gradually lowered, but the not solidification cooling completely of molten lamination, at this moment milling is carried out to molten lamination avris.
Preferably, system is divided into Non-follow control and semiautomatic control.Described Non-follow control is to allow operator carry out
Extrusion temperature and the setting of cutting temperature.Described semiautomatic control is to allow operator arrange welding wire material (aluminum in system interface
Alloy, ferrum, rustless steel, copper etc.), then system recalls the data of this material automatically, and extrusion temperature and cutting temperature interval are entered
Row setting.
Preferably, adopting the direct current source of welding current.Source of welding current positive pole connects base material, and negative pole connects welding gun, according to welding wire material
And diameter, welding current is 50A to 500A.
Preferably, there being noble gases (argon) protection molten bath, reducing and increasing that material is oxidized and probability that pore, subtracting
Reduce material impurity, and lifting increases material performance.
Preferably, increasing, material material is different according to the difference of welding wire, increasing material material can change as needed.Weldering used
Silk diameter range is 1mm to 10mm.
Preferably, according to the size of forming metal component and structure, in order to improve increasing material manufacturing speed, welding gun can
With multiple arrangement, welding gun quantity is 1 to 20.Welding can also be combined using multiple welding guns, change a kind of new of traditional welding
Welding method.Welding gun spacing is adjusted with forming metal component practical situation.Welding gun is apart from base material 1mm to 10mm.
Preferably, applying non-melt pole welding manner, after switching on power, produce electric arc between welding gun and base material.
Electric arc makes substrate surface melt, and forms stable molten bath, and welding wire is sent in molten bath by wire feeder, forms molten lamination.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 3 a, 3b, aluminum alloy junction component height is 100mm, wall thickness 4mm, is formed by 50 layers of annular element built-up welding, often
Layer annular element height 2mm.It is fabricated by using the inventive method.It is specially：
(1) draw the 3-D view of aluminum alloy junction component, be passed among system, and change into special G language, design is every
Layer slice information.
(2) because this aluminum alloy junction component is cylinder, wall thickness 4mm, therefore to sum up factor adjustment extruding wheel wheel spacing is
4mm, two milling cutter spacing 4mm, adjustment electric current is 140A, wire feed rate 4mm/s, and welding wire is the aluminium alloy welding wire of φ 1.6mm；
(3) suitable extrusion temperature and Milling Temperature are set.
(4) starting point is chosen on base material, start the welded clockwise of first annulus of ground floor；
(5) after electric arc increases material, extruding wheel finds the molten lamination reaching design temperature, beginning action, two extruding wheels
Follow the walking of welding gun rear in molten lamination both sides, a circle drawn by base material, inside two-wheeled, extrudes not solidified molten lamination.
(6) after extruding completes, subtract material forming unit and start action, Automatic-searching meets the interval molten lamination of Milling Temperature
Carry out milling.
(8), after completing first annulus, overall three units are raised 2mm simultaneously, and repeat step (4) arrive (6),
Complete second annulus clockwise.
(9) repeat the above steps, complete 50 road annulus welding, then receive arc, ultimately form aluminum alloy junction component.
Above example is only the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is not used in the restriction present invention, protection scope of the present invention
It is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can make respectively to the present invention in the essence and protection domain of the present invention
Plant modification or equivalent, this modification or equivalent also should be regarded as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step S1, electric arc increase material unit and are made up of welding gun and wire feeder, and the electric arc producing between base material and welding gun makes base material be subject to
Thermosetting molten bath, welding wire is sent in the middle of molten bath by wire-feed motor, forms molten lamination, and now described molten lamination is liquid metal；
Step S2, etc. the molten lamination temperature of temperature sensor scanning on material forming unit, be half solidification shape when scanning molten lamination
During state, wait material forming unit voluntarily to start action, molten lamination both sides are squeezed into plane by original arc surface；
Step S3, when described molten lamination solidifies and is in the condition of high temperature, subtract the temperature sensor on material forming unit and start to sweep
Retouch molten lamination temperature, start action when subtracting material forming unit after sensor scan to Milling Temperature point, milling tool falls molten lamination
Molten lamination both sides are processed further by the still irregular part in both sides；
Step S4, described electric arc increase material unit, etc. material forming unit move on base material together with subtracting material forming unit, realize exist
Successively built-up welding on base material, forms hardware.
2. the material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that wait
Extruding wheel in material forming unit perpendicular to molten lamination both sides, parallel to base material.
3. the material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that weld
Connect power supply and adopt direct current, exchange or variable polarity power source, electric current is 50A to 500A.
4. the material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that adopt
Blanketing with inert gas molten bath.
5. the material integral fusion manufacture method such as increase and decrease based on temperature cycles as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that weld
Rifle is apart from base material 1mm to 10mm.
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| CN108941558A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-07 | 广东大族粤铭激光集团股份有限公司 | Deng increase and decrease material composite forming apparatus and its processing method |
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| CN112770864A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-05-07 | 西门子股份公司 | Method and manufacturing apparatus for additive manufacturing |
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