CN108941558B - Equal-material-added and material-removed composite forming equipment and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of equal material increase and decrease compound forming equipment, including the work level, fixed mechanism connecting the work level, forming mechanism connecting the fixed mechanism, print mechanism connecting the fixed mechanism, laser mechanism, powder feeding mechanism, and gas transmission mechanism; the forming mechanism comprises a clamping piece connected with the fixing mechanism; the printing mechanism comprises a printing head, a mounting seat connected with the printing head, a laser tube connected with the mounting seat, a powder feeding tube connected with the printing head and a gas delivery tube connected with the printing head; one end of the laser tube is connected with the laser mechanism, one end of the powder feeding tube is connected with the powder feeding mechanism, and one end of the gas conveying tube is connected with the gas conveying mechanism. The device realizes the equal-material forming of the die-free extrusion through the forming mechanism, realizes the additive forming of 3D printing through the laser mechanism, and realizes the material reduction forming of cutting through the forming mechanism; the equipment integrates material increase and material reduction processing, can be operated independently and interactively, avoids repeated positioning of products, effectively improves the quality and the size precision of the products, and also improves the production efficiency.

Description

Equal-material-added and material-removed composite forming equipment and processing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic processing equipment, in particular to equal-material-increase and material-decrease composite forming equipment with a simple structure and a processing method thereof.

Background

With the development of science and technology, people have higher and higher requirements on the quality of products and the production efficiency of the products, automatic processing equipment is widely applied to manufacturing production, and the production efficiency and the production quality are improved by continuously improving the processing equipment and the processing method.

At present, when producing and manufacturing thin-wall parts with internal cavities, the common processing methods are as follows: firstly, a part is decomposed into a plurality of parts, each part is respectively stamped and formed by adopting a die, and then each part is spliced to finally obtain a complete part, but the stamping and forming needs to design and develop a special die, the development cost of the die is high, the development period is long, meanwhile, the splicing technology among each part is also a technical difficulty, and the assembly precision and the sealing property are often relatively large; secondly, a method for casting the investment sand core is adopted, the method also needs to independently design a mould, the cost is higher, and investment materials can be remained in an internal cavity; and thirdly, the 3D printing metal powder is adopted for laser melting and rapid forming, the 3D printing technology does not need to carry out die design, but the surface of the part can have a step effect during forming, and the quality of the part is influenced.

In conclusion, the existing processing equipment and processing method have the disadvantages of low production efficiency, high cost and poor product quality, and are difficult to meet the requirements of people.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, there is a need to provide an incremental/decremental composite forming apparatus with simple structure, high automation degree, etc., which has simple and easily controlled processing method and convenient operation.

A kind of equal material increase and decrease compound forming equipment, including the work level, fixed mechanism connecting the work level, forming mechanism connecting the fixed mechanism, print mechanism connecting the fixed mechanism, laser mechanism, powder feeding mechanism, and gas transmission mechanism; the forming mechanism comprises a clamping piece connected with the fixing mechanism; the printing mechanism comprises a printing head, a mounting seat connected with the printing head, a laser tube connected with the mounting seat, a powder feeding tube connected with the printing head, and a gas delivery tube connected with the printing head; one end of the laser pipe is connected with the laser mechanism, one end of the powder feeding pipe is connected with the powder feeding mechanism, and one end of the gas conveying pipe is connected with the gas conveying mechanism.

The equal-material-increasing and material-decreasing composite forming equipment realizes equal-material forming of die-free extrusion through the forming mechanism, realizes material-increasing forming of 3D printing through the laser mechanism, and realizes material-decreasing forming of cutting through the forming mechanism; the equipment integrates material increase and material reduction processing, can be operated independently and interactively, avoids repeated positioning of products, effectively improves the quality and the size precision of the products, and also improves the production efficiency.

In one embodiment, the workbench comprises a base plate, a supporting column connected with the base plate, a forming plate arranged on the supporting column in a sliding mode, a fastener connected into the forming plate, and a driving piece used for driving the forming plate to ascend and descend; the workbench is lower than the forming mechanism and the printing mechanism.

In one embodiment, the forming mechanism further comprises a tool magazine connected with the fixing mechanism, a tool changing element, a rotating power element for driving the tool magazine to rotate, and a tool changing power element for driving the tool changing element to move; the tool changing piece is arranged between the tool magazine and the clamping piece.

In one embodiment, the mounting seat is arranged on the fixing mechanism, and one end of the mounting seat is internally provided with the inclined reflector; the printing head comprises a supporting piece connected with the mounting seat and a nozzle connected with the supporting piece; the inner side of the supporting piece is provided with an annular reflector, and the middle part of the supporting piece is provided with a convex mirror.

In one embodiment, the printing mechanism includes a focusing tube extending from below the convex mirror to the showerhead; one end of the powder feeding pipe is connected with the concentration pipe, and one end of the gas conveying pipe is connected with the concentration pipe.

In one embodiment, the printing mechanism further comprises a moving member connected with the mounting seat, and a driving member for driving the moving member to ascend and descend; the moving piece is slidably arranged on the fixing mechanism.

In one embodiment, an optical sensor is included; the optical sensor is connected with the moving piece.

In one embodiment, the device comprises an X-axis adjusting mechanism, a Y-axis adjusting mechanism and a Z-axis adjusting mechanism; the X-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding block connected with the workbench, a supporting seat connected with the sliding block and an X-axis power part used for driving the sliding block to move; the Y-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a guide rail connected with the supporting seat and a Y-axis power piece used for driving the supporting seat to move; the Z-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a lifting block and a Z-axis power piece for driving the lifting block to move; the clamping piece is connected with the lifting block.

In one embodiment, the fixing mechanism comprises a base, a supporting frame connected with the base and a guard plate surrounding the base; the guide rail sets up in the base, the support frame is located to the elevator cunning.

A forming method of equal-increase and decrease material composite forming equipment is based on the equal-increase and decrease material composite forming equipment and comprises the following steps:

s1, extrusion molding: the clamping piece provided with the pressure head is used for processing and forming the metal plate clamped on the workbench to obtain a formed layer, and the processed clamping piece is returned to the original position;

s2, laser processing: starting the laser mechanism, the powder feeding mechanism and the gas transmission mechanism, and scanning and processing the formed layer processed in the step S1 by the printing head to obtain an overlapped layer; after the completion, the printing head suspends scanning and resets, and then the laser mechanism, the powder feeding mechanism and the gas transmission mechanism are closed;

s3, cutting: after the pressure head on the clamping piece is replaced by the cutting knife, the clamping piece provided with the cutting knife carries out cutting processing on the side surface of the superposed layer obtained in the step S2, and the clamping piece returns to the original position after the processing is finished;

s4, adjusting the height; adjusting the height of an overlapped layer of the printing head and the clamping piece upwards;

s5, repeat: and (4) continuously and repeatedly repeating the step S2, the step S3 and the step S4 on the formed layer subjected to the cutting processing in the step S3 until the processing is finished.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a constant-material-adding/reducing composite forming apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a table, a fixing mechanism, a forming mechanism, a printing mechanism, an X-axis adjusting mechanism, a Y-axis adjusting mechanism and a Z-axis adjusting mechanism in the incremental-material composite forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the additive/subtractive composite forming apparatus shown in FIG. 2, except for the guard plate;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another angle of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the printing mechanism of FIG. 1;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the printing mechanism of fig. 1.

Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which:

an equal-material-added/removed composite forming apparatus 100;

the device comprises a workbench 10, a base plate 11, a support column 12, a forming plate 13, a fastener 14, a driving part 15, a fixing mechanism 20, a base 21, a support frame 22, a guard plate 23 and a collecting part 24;

the device comprises a forming mechanism 30, a clamping piece 31, a tool magazine 32, a tool changing piece 33, a rotating power piece 34, a tool changing power piece 35, a printing mechanism 40, a printing head 41, a supporting piece 411, a spray head 412, a mounting seat 42, a laser pipe 43, a powder feeding pipe 44, a gas conveying pipe 45, an annular reflecting mirror 46, a convex mirror 47, an inclined reflecting mirror 48 and a concentration pipe 49;

a laser mechanism 50, a powder feeding mechanism 60, a gas transmission mechanism 70 and a cooling mechanism 80;

the X-axis adjusting mechanism 91, the slide block 911, the support base 912, the X-axis power element 913, the Y-axis adjusting mechanism 92, the guide rail 921, the Y-axis power element 922, the Z-axis adjusting mechanism 93 and the lifting block 931.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, an incremental/decremental composite forming apparatus 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a worktable 10, a fixing mechanism 20 connected to the worktable 10, a forming mechanism 30 connected to the fixing mechanism 20, a printing mechanism 40 connected to the fixing mechanism 20, a laser mechanism 50, a powder feeding mechanism 60, and a gas transmission mechanism 70; the forming mechanism 30 includes a clamp 31 connected to the fixing mechanism 20; the printing mechanism 40 comprises a printing head 41, a mounting seat 42 connected with the printing head 41, a laser pipe 43 connected with the mounting seat 42, a powder feeding pipe 44 connected with the printing head 41, and a gas conveying pipe 45 connected with the printing head 41; one end of the laser tube 43 is connected with the laser mechanism 50, one end of the powder feeding tube 44 is connected with the powder feeding mechanism 60, and one end of the gas conveying tube 45 is connected with the gas conveying mechanism 70. The equal-material-adding and material-reducing composite forming equipment 100 realizes equal-material forming of dieless extrusion through the forming mechanism 30, realizes material-adding forming of 3D printing through the laser mechanism 50, and realizes material-reducing forming of cutting through the forming mechanism 30; the material increasing and decreasing composite forming equipment 100 integrates material increasing and decreasing processing, and the three types of processing can be operated independently or interactively, so that repeated positioning of products is avoided, the quality and the size precision of the products are effectively improved, and the production efficiency is also improved.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, the working table 10 includes a base plate 11, a supporting column 12 connected to the base plate 11, a forming plate 13 slidably disposed on the supporting column 12, a fastening member 14 connected to the forming plate 13, and a driving member 15 for driving the forming plate 13 to move up and down. Alternatively, the supporting columns 12 are disposed at four corners of the substrate 11, the driving members 15 are disposed at two ends of the substrate 11, one end of each driving member 15 is disposed on the substrate 11, and the other end is connected to form the forming plate 13; the middle of the forming plate 13 is provided with a recess. Further, the driving member 15 is a rodless cylinder. During operation, the distance between the forming plate 13 and the base plate 11 is adjusted by the driving piece 15 according to the height of a product; the metal plate is fixed to the middle of the forming plate 13 by a fastener 14 to prevent the metal plate from shifting during forming and affecting the processing precision. The table 10 is lower than the forming mechanism 20 and the printing mechanism 40. The fixing mechanism 20 comprises a base 21, a support frame 22 connected with the base 21 and a guard plate 23 surrounding the base 21; optionally, in order to facilitate the collection of waste, the fixing mechanism 20 further comprises a collecting member 24, the collecting member 24 being connected to the base 21; the base 21 is provided with a through slot for communicating the collecting member 24.

In one embodiment, the forming mechanism 30 further includes a tool magazine 32 connected to the fixing mechanism 20, a tool changer 33, a rotary power member 34 for driving the tool magazine 32 to rotate, and a tool changer power member 35 for driving the tool changer 33 to move; the tool changer 33 is disposed between the tool magazine 32 and the holder 31, and a locking groove is formed at one end of the tool changer 33. The tool magazine 32 is provided with a ram and a cutter. When the tool needs to be assembled, the power part 34 is rotated to drive the tool magazine 32 to enable the target tool to be placed at the exit edge of the tool magazine 32; then, the tool changing power part 35 drives the tool changing part 33 to rotate to the target tool, and the target tool is transferred to the tool changing part 33; the tool changing power part 35 drives the tool changer 33 and the tool magazine 32 to rotate to the clamping part 31, and tool assembly is completed; conversely, when the tool needs to be removed, the tool changing power piece 35 drives the tool changing piece 33 to rotate to the clamping piece 31, and the tool is transferred from the clamping piece 31 to the tool changing piece 33, so that the tool removal is completed; then, the tool changing power tool 33 drives the tool changing power tool 33 to transfer from the holder 31 to the exit of the tool magazine 32, and the tool is transferred from the tool changing power tool 33 to the tool magazine 32, thereby completing the tool recovery. Alternatively, the rotating power piece 34 and the tool changing power piece 35 are both connected to one side of the support frame 22, and the tool magazine 32 is a disc type. Furthermore, when the device works, according to the plasticity characteristics of different plates, the track of the tip of the cutter, the pressure, the rotating speed and the cooling liquid are matched with the stress-strain characteristics of materials and the mechanical characteristic change caused by temperature, so that the plate is prevented from cracking and rebounding.

Referring to fig. 5, the printhead 41 includes a supporting member 411 connected to the mounting base 42, and a nozzle 412 connected to the supporting member 411; the annular reflector 46 is arranged inside the supporting member 411, and the convex mirror 47 is arranged in the middle of the supporting member 411; the mount 42 has a tilt mirror 48 built in one end thereof, and the mount 42 is provided to the fixing mechanism 10. Alternatively, the convex mirror 47 is conical and the tilted mirror 48 is concave. In operation, as shown in fig. 6, a laser beam is emitted from the laser mechanism 50 into the mounting base 42 through the laser tube 43, and then reflected to the convex mirror 47 of the print head 41 through the inclined mirror 48; then, it is reflected to the ring reflector 46 and finally collected at one end of the showerhead 412. Optionally, the showerhead 412 is funnel-shaped. In other embodiments, the laser may be a ring laser, a polygonal linear laser, or a rotatable polygonal linear laser. In order to realize coaxial powder feeding in the light, the printing mechanism 40 comprises a concentration pipe 49, the concentration pipe 49 extends from the lower part of the convex mirror 47 to the spray head 412, and the concentration pipe 49 is positioned at the central position in the laser; one end of the powder feeding pipe 44 is connected with the concentration pipe 49, and one end of the gas conveying pipe 45 is connected with the concentration pipe 49, so that metal powder falls vertically, powder splashing is reduced, and a laser axis is coaxial with the center of a powder beam; the other end of the powder feeding pipe 44 is connected to one side of the support 411, and the other end of the gas conveying pipe 45 is connected to one side of the support 411. Alternatively, a water inlet pipe is provided above the air pipe 45, and a water outlet pipe is provided above the powder feeding pipe 44, so that heat is exhausted from the print head 41. Since the powder spot of the print head 41 has no focus, no matter how far the laser beam and the collecting pipe 49 are, the powder is always conveyed through the laser focusing point, and the focus is slightly changed in the processing process, so that the change of the powder and the laser focusing is not influenced. The path of the powder entering the laser is vertically downward, no inclined throwing phenomenon occurs, but the powder is considered to be slightly dispersed in the falling process, so that the gas and the powder are introduced into the concentration pipe 49 together, and the powder can be completely positioned in the laser molten pool by adjusting the diameter of the powder pipe. In operation, referring to fig. 6 again, the metal powder enters the concentration pipe 49 from the powder feeding mechanism 60 through the powder feeding pipe 44, meanwhile, the gas enters the concentration pipe 49 from the gas conveying mechanism 70 through the gas conveying pipe 45, finally, the metal powder flows out of the concentration pipe 49 under the action of gas and gravity, then melting and solidification are rapidly completed under the action of laser scanning, light-powder coupling occurs, and 3D printing is achieved; the gas is delivered to the laser processing area through the gas delivery pipe 45, and a gas protection environment for the processing area is formed. Alternatively, the metal powder is iron powder and the gas is nitrogen. In order to adjust the height of the print head 41, the printing mechanism 40 further includes a moving member connected to the mounting base 42, and a driving member (not shown) for driving the moving member to move up and down; the moving member is slidably disposed on the support frame 22 of the fixing mechanism 10.

In one embodiment, the laser mechanism 50 is a laser, the powder feeding mechanism 60 is a powder feeder with metal powder inside, and the gas delivery mechanism 70 is a gas tank filled with inert gas; the laser mechanism 50, the powder feeding mechanism 60, and the gas transmission mechanism 70 are respectively disposed at two ends of the base 21. In order to timely remove heat and prolong the service life of the equipment, the additive material composite forming equipment 100 comprises a cooling mechanism 80; the cooling mechanism 80 is connected to the print head 41 via the laser mechanism 50. When the laser printer works, cooling water flows through the water inlet pipe of the printing head 41 from the cooling mechanism 80, then flows through the laser mechanism 50 through the water outlet pipe of the printing head 41, and finally flows back to the cooling mechanism 80, so that heat of the printing head 41 and the laser mechanism 50 is taken out. In order to monitor and feed back the status of the laser weld pool in real time, the additive composite forming apparatus 100 includes an optical sensor (not shown); the optical sensor is connected with one side of the moving part so as to be lifted synchronously with the printing head 41, and online real-time optimization of the laser process is realized.

In order to adjust the position of the worktable 10 and facilitate three-dimensional extrusion molding, laser processing and cutting processing, the additive composite forming apparatus 100 comprises an X-axis adjusting mechanism 91, a Y-axis adjusting mechanism 92 and a Z-axis adjusting mechanism 93; the X-axis adjusting mechanism 91 comprises a slide block 911 connected with the workbench 10, a supporting seat 912 connected with the slide block 911, and an X-axis power piece 913 for driving the slide block 911 to move; the Y-axis adjusting mechanism 92 comprises a guide rail 921 connected with the support base 912 and a Y-axis power piece 922 for driving the support base 912 to move; the Z-axis adjusting mechanism 93 includes a lifting block 931 and a Z-axis power member for driving the lifting block 931 to move. Optionally, the guide rail 921 is disposed on the base 21, the lifting block 931 is slidably disposed on the supporting frame 22, and the moving member is slidably disposed on the lifting block 931; the clamping member 31 is connected to the elevating block 931.

Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 6, a forming method of an equal-material-added/material-removed composite forming apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps based on the above embodiment:

s1, extrusion molding: fixing the metal plate to the forming plate 13 by the fastening member 14; the tool magazine 32 is driven by rotating the power part 34, so that the target pressure head is arranged at the knife outlet of the tool magazine 32, the tool changing power part 35 drives the tool changing part 33, so that the tool changing part 33 moves to the knife outlet, and the target pressure head is transferred to the tool changing part 33; the tool changing power part 35 drives the tool changing part 33 to rotate from the tool magazine 32 to the clamping part 31, and the assembly of the pressure head is completed; then, the clamping piece 31 with the pressure head processes and shapes the metal plate clamped on the workbench 10, the horizontal position of the workbench 10 is adjusted by moving the X-axis adjusting mechanism 91 and the Y-axis adjusting mechanism 92 according to a preset track, the position of the clamping piece 31 is moved by the Z-axis adjusting mechanism 93 according to the preset track to obtain a formed layer, and the processed clamping piece 31 returns to the original position; optionally, before step S1, the following operations are performed:

s11, adjusting the position: adjusting the distance between the forming plate 13 and the substrate 11 of the worktable 10 by a driving part 15; the horizontal position of the worktable 10 is adjusted by the X-axis adjusting mechanism 91 and the Y-axis adjusting mechanism 92, and the clamping piece 31 is moved to the right above the worktable 10 by the Z-axis adjusting mechanism 93 and the moving piece; then adjusting the angle of the optical sensor to make the optical sensor align to the molten pool area 5cm-10cm below the printing head 41;

s2, laser processing: starting the laser mechanism 50, the powder feeding mechanism 60, the gas transmission mechanism 70 and the cooling mechanism 80, scanning and processing the formed layer processed in the step S1 by the print head 41, and moving the formed layer according to a predetermined track by the X-axis adjusting mechanism 91 and the Y-axis adjusting mechanism 92 to adjust the horizontal position of the worktable 10 to obtain a superposed layer; meanwhile, starting an optical sensor to scan the molten pool so as to adjust the scanning parameters of the next layer; after the layer is scanned, the printing head 41 suspends scanning and resets, and then the laser mechanism 50, the powder feeding mechanism 60, the gas transmission mechanism 70 and the cooling mechanism 80 are closed;

s3, cutting: the indenter on the holder 31 is first replaced by a cutting blade: the tool changing power piece 35 drives the tool changing piece 33 to rotate to the clamping piece 31, and the pressure head is transferred from the clamping piece 31 to the tool changing piece 33, so that tool unloading is completed; then, the tool changing power part 33 drives the tool changing part 33 to transfer from the clamping part 31 to the tool outlet of the tool magazine 32, and the pressure head is transferred from the tool changing part 33 to the tool magazine 32 to finish tool recovery; then, the tool magazine 32 is driven by rotating the power member 34 so that the target cutting tool is placed at the exit of the tool magazine 32, and the target cutting tool is transferred to the tool changing member 33; the tool changing power piece 35 drives the tool changing piece 33 to rotate from the tool magazine 32 to the clamping piece 31, and the assembly of the cutting tool is completed; next, the holder 31 with the cutting blade cuts the side surface of the superimposed layer obtained in step S2, and at the same time, the X-axis adjustment mechanism 91 and the Y-axis adjustment mechanism 92 move along a predetermined trajectory to adjust the horizontal position of the table 10, and the holder 31 returns to the original position after the processing is completed; optionally, before step S3, the following operations are performed:

s31, performing superposition modeling; continuing laser processing on the superposed layer subjected to laser processing in the step S2 until the thickness of the accumulated superposed layer reaches the effective edge length of the cutting tool;

s4, adjusting the height; the lifting block 931 adjusts the height of one stack of the clamping member 31 upward, and the moving member adjusts the height of one stack of the printing head 41 upward;

s4, repeat: and (5) continuously and repeatedly repeating the step S2, the step S3 and the step S4 on the formed layer subjected to the cutting processing in the step S3 until the whole product is processed.

The equal-material-adding and material-reducing composite forming equipment 100 realizes equal-material forming of dieless extrusion through the forming mechanism 30, additive forming of 3D printing through the laser mechanism 50, and material-reducing forming of cutting through the forming mechanism 30; the material increasing and decreasing composite forming equipment 100 integrates material increasing and decreasing processing, and the three types of processing can be operated independently or interactively, so that the problem that the precision is inaccurate due to repeated positioning of products in the process of converting various processing procedures is avoided, the quality and the size precision of the products are effectively improved, and the production efficiency is also improved.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A kind of equal-increase and decrease material compound forming equipment, characterized by that, including the work level, fixed mechanism connecting the work level, forming mechanism connecting the fixed mechanism, print mechanism, laser mechanism, powder feeding mechanism, and gas transmission mechanism connecting the fixed mechanism; the workbench comprises a substrate, a supporting column connected with the substrate and a forming plate arranged on the supporting column in a sliding manner; the forming mechanism comprises a clamping piece, a tool magazine and a tool changing piece which are connected with the fixing mechanism; a pressure head and a cutting knife are arranged in the tool magazine; the tool changing piece is arranged between the tool magazine and the clamping piece; the printing mechanism comprises a printing head, a mounting seat connected with the printing head, a laser tube connected with the mounting seat, a powder feeding tube connected with the printing head, and a gas delivery tube connected with the printing head; one end of the laser pipe is connected with the laser mechanism, one end of the powder feeding pipe is connected with the powder feeding mechanism, and one end of the gas conveying pipe is connected with the gas conveying mechanism.

2. The incremental/decremental composite forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the working table includes a fastener for connecting the forming plate and a driving member for driving the forming plate to ascend and descend; the workbench is lower than the forming mechanism and the printing mechanism.

3. The equal-material-increasing and material-decreasing composite forming equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming mechanism further comprises a rotating power piece connected with the fixing mechanism and used for driving the tool magazine to rotate, and a tool changing power piece used for driving the tool changing piece to move.

4. The equal-addition-reduction-material composite forming equipment according to claim 1, wherein the mounting seat is provided on a fixing mechanism, and an inclined reflecting mirror is built in one end of the mounting seat; the printing head comprises a supporting piece connected with the mounting seat and a nozzle connected with the supporting piece; the inner side of the supporting piece is provided with an annular reflector, and the middle part of the supporting piece is provided with a convex mirror.

5. The incremental/subtractive composite forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said printing mechanism comprises a collecting duct extending from below the convex mirror to the head; one end of the powder feeding pipe is connected with the concentration pipe, and one end of the gas conveying pipe is connected with the concentration pipe.

6. The equal-material-increasing and material-decreasing composite forming equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the printing mechanism further comprises a moving member connected with the mounting base and a driving member for driving the moving member to ascend and descend; the moving piece is slidably arranged on the fixing mechanism.

7. The incremental/decremental composite forming apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by comprising an optical sensor; the optical sensor is connected with the moving piece.

8. The equal-material-added/removed composite forming apparatus according to claim 1, comprising an X-axis adjusting mechanism, a Y-axis adjusting mechanism, and a Z-axis adjusting mechanism; the X-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding block connected with the workbench, a supporting seat connected with the sliding block and an X-axis power part used for driving the sliding block to move; the Y-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a guide rail connected with the supporting seat and a Y-axis power piece used for driving the supporting seat to move; the Z-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a lifting block and a Z-axis power piece for driving the lifting block to move; the clamping piece is connected with the lifting block.

9. The equal-material-increasing and material-decreasing composite forming equipment as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fixing mechanism comprises a base, a supporting frame connected with the base and a guard plate surrounding the base; the guide rail sets up in the base, the support frame is located to the elevator cunning.

10. A forming method of a constant material increase and decrease composite forming device, which is based on the constant material increase and decrease composite forming device of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:

s1, extrusion molding: the clamping piece provided with the pressure head is used for processing and forming the metal plate clamped on the workbench to obtain a formed layer, and the processed clamping piece is returned to the original position;

s2, laser processing: starting the laser mechanism, the powder feeding mechanism and the gas transmission mechanism, and scanning and processing the formed layer processed in the step S1 by the printing head to obtain an overlapped layer; after the completion, the printing head suspends scanning and resets, and then the laser mechanism, the powder feeding mechanism and the gas transmission mechanism are closed;

s3, cutting: after the pressure head on the clamping piece is replaced by the cutting knife, the clamping piece provided with the cutting knife carries out cutting processing on the side surface of the superposed layer obtained in the step S2, and the clamping piece returns to the original position after the processing is finished;

s4, adjusting the height; adjusting the height of an overlapped layer of the printing head and the clamping piece upwards;

s5, repeat: and (4) continuously and repeatedly repeating the step S2, the step S3 and the step S4 on the formed layer subjected to the cutting processing in the step S3 until the processing is finished.

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