CN106422521A - 一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106422521A
CN106422521A CN201610878952.2A CN201610878952A CN106422521A CN 106422521 A CN106422521 A CN 106422521A CN 201610878952 A CN201610878952 A CN 201610878952A CN 106422521 A CN106422521 A CN 106422521A
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骆华军
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，由下列重量份的原料制成：锦纶单丝滤布100‑105、纳米碳溶胶3‑3.5、纳米石墨2.7‑3、FeSO4∙7H2O 0.8‑0.9、丙烯酸三氟乙酯24‑26、硅硼分子筛2.4‑2.8、甲壳素晶须3‑4、钛酸四丁酯1.6‑1.9、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯24‑26、水适量。本发明通过使用钛酸四丁酯对硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须进行改性，在硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须表面形成了包覆膜，提高了硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须的分散性、抗菌性和抗老化性，能够覆盖在滤布表面，提高了滤布的过滤效果，使得滤布的抗菌性好，抗老化。

Description

一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布 及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及锦纶滤布技术领域，尤其涉及一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布及其制备方法。
背景技术
《单丝滤布及其性能的研究进展》一文介绍了涤纶、锦纶、丙纶、聚乙烯单丝滤布的性能。单丝滤布是指采用单根纤维织成的滤布，常规单丝滤布一般由锦纶、涤纶、丙纶和聚乙烯等单丝纤维编织而成。与复丝滤布相比较，单丝滤布的纤维强度大、韧性好，使用中不会有断丝的情况；在采用压光工艺后，稳定性高、不易变形，孔径致密均匀；滤布表面光滑、不易阻塞，透气、透水性能好，且滤饼容易剥离再生。所以，单丝滤布的过滤效率更高，且清洗不频繁、使用寿命长。单丝滤布的过滤阻力相对较小、抗污染能力强，在过滤精度满足要求的前提下，其综合性能优于复丝滤布。
锦纶在干、湿状态下均有很高的强度，干态时可达5.3cN/dtex，湿态强度为干态时的80%～90%；耐磨性优良，为棉纤维的10倍以上；锦纶的伸长率和弹性都很好，伸长率可达18%～45%，在伸长率为10%时弹性回复率在90%以上；耐碱性和耐其他药品性能好，在其他溶剂中比较稳定，但耐酸性稍差一些；纤维表面光滑且吸湿性强，所以容易卸饼；使用温度可达120℃，是作为过滤布的理想材料。但也存在吸水率较大等问题，会影响到滤布尺寸的稳定性能，限制了在精细固液分离工业中的应用和发展。锦纶单丝滤布的性能还需要进一步改进。
合成纤维中的涤纶纤维具有优良的物理化学性能，使用广泛，发展迅速，成为目前世界上产量最多的化学纤维，但现有的普通涤纶是疏水性纤维，其织物的吸湿性、亲水性差，回潮率仅为0.4%，这成为影响涤纶服用性能的主要因素。随着人们生活质量的提升，服饰已不仅仅是颜色、款式的变化，对面料的质地与功能也提出了新的要求。提高涤纶织物的亲水性能，以便提高涤纶织物的服用性能来满足人们的日益需求，同时节约能源，减少环境污染，也是纺织加工技术中必须关心的问题。
涤纶织物亲水改性的方法有很多，例如等离子体处理改性、紫外线照射改性、碱减量、酶处理改性的方法等，但都不能使涤纶织物达到似棉的效果。
近年来，电子束辐照接枝提高涤纶织物亲水性能的改性技术具有独特的魅力，已逐渐被人们所重视。该技术的主要思路是在聚合物表面或体相接枝具有亲水功能的单体或官能团，从而提高涤纶织物的亲水性能。电子束辐照属于高能辐照法中的一种，具有反应时间短，对纤维损伤小，接枝率高，耐久性好等优点。它的原理就是利用辐射引发聚合物电离与激发，从而产生一些自由基，进一步引起化学反应，相关的研究已有很多。本研究在以往的研究基础上通过电子加速器的高能电子束将AA单体接枝到涤纶织物的表面，增加亲水基团，提高涤纶织物的亲水性，使之真正具备天然纤维所特有的亲水性能。
《辐照接枝改性涤纶织物的亲水性能》给出了辐照接枝改性涤纶单丝滤布，同样可以用辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，提高吸水率较大、滤布尺寸的稳定性差的问题。还需要改进锦纶滤布结构松散，弹性不好，耐污和耐高温性能差，滤饼不易剥离的问题。还需要提高滤布的耐热性、防紫外、抗静电、强度、韧性、耐磨性、防污、抗菌、吸附性和接枝改性膜的强度等性能。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，由下列重量份的原料制成：锦纶单丝滤布100-105、纳米碳溶胶3-3.5、纳米石墨2.7-3、FeSO4∙7H2O 0.8-0.9、丙烯酸三氟乙酯24-26、硅硼分子筛2.4-2.8、甲壳素晶须3-4、钛酸四丁酯1.6-1.9、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯24-26、水适量。
所述抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将纳米碳溶胶与水混合，配制成1-1.5%质量浓度的分散液，将锦纶单丝滤布放入分散液，浸泡20-25分钟，期间不停搅动锦纶单丝滤布，取出烘干，放入自封袋，进行预辐照，吸收剂量为42-44kGy，得到改性锦纶单丝滤布；
（2）将硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须、钛酸四丁酯，研磨均匀，烘干，得到混合物料，再将丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯加入水中，配制成50-55%质量浓度的分散液，再加入所述混合物料以及其他剩余成分搅拌均匀，再将改性锦纶单丝滤布放入分散液，浸泡20-25分钟，期间不停搅动锦纶单丝滤布，取出烘干，放入自封袋，进行正反各一次共辐照，吸收剂量为190-195kGy；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的锦纶单丝滤布进行清洗、烘干，即得。
所述耐热纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，所述锦纶单丝滤布厚度为1.85-1.90mm，滤布组织结构为14综双层组织，织造经密68根/cm，纬密30根/cm。
本发明的优点是：本发明使用纳米碳溶胶对锦纶单丝滤布进行浸渍，在纤维中吸附了纳米碳，提高了滤布的致密性、耐热性和耐磨性，提高过滤精度。再使用丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、纳米石墨进行交联接枝改性，提高了滤布的尺寸稳定性、顺滑性、耐污和耐高温性，滤液易通过，降低滤布吸水性，滤饼含水率降低，易剥离，在140℃下具有良好的弹性，不变形，孔隙均匀，过滤效果保持不变，使得锦纶滤布的使用寿命延长。通过使用钛酸四丁酯对硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须进行改性，在硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须表面形成了包覆膜，提高了硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须的分散性、抗菌性和抗老化性，能够覆盖在滤布表面，提高了滤布的过滤效果，使得滤布的抗菌性好，抗老化。
具体实施方式
一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：锦纶单丝滤布100、纳米碳溶胶3、纳米石墨2.7、FeSO4∙7H2O 0.8、丙烯酸三氟乙酯24、硅硼分子筛2.4、甲壳素晶须3、钛酸四丁酯1.6、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯24、水适量。
所述抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将纳米碳溶胶与水混合，配制成1%质量浓度的分散液，将锦纶单丝滤布放入分散液，浸泡20分钟，期间不停搅动锦纶单丝滤布，取出烘干，放入自封袋，进行预辐照，吸收剂量为42kGy，得到改性锦纶单丝滤布；
（2）将硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须、钛酸四丁酯，研磨均匀，烘干，得到混合物料，再将丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯加入水中，配制成50%质量浓度的分散液，再加入所述混合物料以及其他剩余成分搅拌均匀，再将改性锦纶单丝滤布放入分散液，浸泡20分钟，期间不停搅动锦纶单丝滤布，取出烘干，放入自封袋，进行正反各一次共辐照，吸收剂量为190kGy；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的锦纶单丝滤布进行清洗、烘干，即得。
所述耐热纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，所述锦纶单丝滤布厚度为1.85mm，滤布组织结构为14综双层组织，织造经密68根/cm，纬密30根/cm。
实验数据：
该实施例滤布厚度为1.85mm，滤布扩张强度为2592N/cm，定力伸长率为0.23%（50N/cm），滤布透气量为219L/m2/S，透水率为0.45m3/m2/S。

Claims (3)

1.一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，其特征在于：由下列重量份的原料制成：锦纶单丝滤布100-105、纳米碳溶胶3-3.5、纳米石墨2.7-3、FeSO4∙7H2O0.8-0.9、丙烯酸三氟乙酯24-26、硅硼分子筛2.4-2.8、甲壳素晶须3-4、钛酸四丁酯1.6-1.9、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯24-26、水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将纳米碳溶胶与水混合，配制成1-1.5%质量浓度的分散液，将锦纶单丝滤布放入分散液，浸泡20-25分钟，期间不停搅动锦纶单丝滤布，取出烘干，放入自封袋，进行预辐照，吸收剂量为42-44kGy，得到改性锦纶单丝滤布；
（2）将硅硼分子筛、甲壳素晶须、钛酸四丁酯，研磨均匀，烘干，得到混合物料，再将丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯加入水中，配制成50-55%质量浓度的分散液，再加入所述混合物料以及其他剩余成分搅拌均匀，再将改性锦纶单丝滤布放入分散液，浸泡20-25分钟，期间不停搅动锦纶单丝滤布，取出烘干，放入自封袋，进行正反各一次共辐照，吸收剂量为190-195kGy；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的锦纶单丝滤布进行清洗、烘干，即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述耐热纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布，其特征在于所述锦纶单丝滤布厚度为1.85-1.90mm，滤布组织结构为14综双层组织，织造经密68根/cm，纬密30根/cm。
CN201610878952.2A 2016-10-09 2016-10-09 一种抗菌纳米碳溶胶、纳米石墨辐照接枝改性锦纶单丝滤布及其制备方法 Withdrawn CN106422521A (zh)

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