CN106420032B - 一种多脚扣合骨螺钉 - Google Patents

一种多脚扣合骨螺钉 Download PDF

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CN106420032B
CN106420032B CN201610788659.7A CN201610788659A CN106420032B CN 106420032 B CN106420032 B CN 106420032B CN 201610788659 A CN201610788659 A CN 201610788659A CN 106420032 B CN106420032 B CN 106420032B
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曾晨光
彭芸
秦小鹏
郭少成
杨习锋
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Suzhou Xin Cheng Xin Xin Biological Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,由骨钉体和固定套组成,所述骨钉体从下到上由螺脚和螺帽组成,所述螺脚个数为4‑10个;所述固定套轴中心含有腔体,所述螺脚结构从上到下为平行设置或各个螺脚呈一定角度逐步向螺钉中心轴线靠拢,所述螺脚为圆柱形或上大下小的倒圆台形;所述螺帽边缘上设有凸台,本发明的多脚扣合骨螺钉通过旋转发生膨胀使骨钉牢牢固定断骨,有利于伤口愈合。

Description

一种多脚扣合骨螺钉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种骨螺钉,具体涉及一种多脚扣合骨螺钉。
背景技术
螺钉内固定技术治疗骨折已有百年历史,从普通螺钉到不同螺距、螺杆的螺钉,再到空心螺钉、髋螺钉、膨胀钉、双头螺纹螺钉、锁定螺钉、微动螺钉,甚至到某些用于特定部位的螺钉(如椎弓根螺钉等),或特殊材料制成的螺钉(如可吸收钉等),可谓千姿百态,变化各异。它既可以单独使用,也可以作为配合其他各种固定系统(如钉板系统或髓内钉系统等)的必不可少装备。随着骨折创伤诊疗理念、技术的提高,对内固定器械制造、加工技术的要求也在不断更新,螺钉的形态和功能也发生了很大的变化,其肩负的使命也越来越复杂。但总体说来,螺钉的功能多从力学角度出发,解决一个稳定性的问题。
骨钉做为骨内固定植入器材,其选择一直是骨科手术面临的难题之一,现有的骨钉在骨组织中容易产生松动,不易在骨组织中固定,而且在松动进行重新固定的同时会导致对骨组织二次创伤,CN201082188公开了一种膨胀骨钉,虽然可以在防滑脱方面起到一定的作用,但是仍存在一定的技术缺陷,并且在人体内不可以自分解被人体吸收,在骨折愈合后需二次手术取出,对患者造成二次损伤;CN104095677A公开了一种高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉,包括纯镁或镁合金制成的骨钉体和位于骨钉体外与之吻合的膨胀型内螺纹腔体;在膨胀型内螺纹腔体的内表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹,骨钉体呈头窄尾宽的圆锥体状,其外表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹;骨钉体的钉帽处设有与钉体连通的内三角或一字槽内腔,使用时骨钉体位于膨胀型内螺纹腔体中,该发明的膨胀骨钉的骨钉体在膨胀型内螺纹腔体中个固定并不是很牢靠,并且该膨胀型内螺纹腔体采用聚乳酸材料,力学性能较好,在受到骨钉体的挤压后可能会产生脆性破裂,造成固定效果不佳。
目前,研究能够同时满足可降解和不产生松动并且应用效果好的骨螺钉,具有重大的意义。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,由骨钉体和固定套组成,所述骨钉体从下到上由螺脚和螺帽组成,所述螺脚个数为4-10个;所述固定套的轴中心含有腔体,所述螺脚的结构从上到下为平行设置或各个螺脚呈一定角度逐步向螺钉中心轴线靠拢,所述螺脚为圆柱形或上大下小的倒圆台形;所述螺帽边缘上设有凸台。
本发明所述腔体的最大直径可供平行设置的所有螺脚底部捏合在一起后放入,或呈一定角度逐步向螺钉中心轴线靠拢的螺脚放入。
当螺脚为平行设置时,所述螺脚的材料为弹性模量在2000-3000Mpa的可降解材料。
本发明所述腔体为倒圆台腔体,所述腔体在轴向上贯穿或不贯穿固定套。
本发明所述固定套为软质材料。
本发明所述软质材料所述软质材料为柔性脂肪族聚酯类生物降解材料和/或天然可吸收高分子材料。
优选的,所述柔性脂肪族聚酯类生物降解材料为聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚三亚甲基碳酸酯、聚对二氧环已酮、聚羟基烷酸酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯中的一种或多种;所述天然可吸收高分子材料为胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、丝素蛋白、海藻酸、聚氨基酸中的一种或多种。
本发明所述螺帽上设有凹槽,所述凹槽为六棱柱。
本发明所述固定套为圆柱形。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明的骨钉体包含多个螺脚,当骨钉体拧入固定套时,受到外力螺脚会发生旋转缠绕在一起使空间体积增大,产生膨胀效果,并且挤压使固定套四周产生膨胀,从而确保骨螺钉能够牢牢的固定断骨,骨螺钉整体不会发生脱落和松动。
2.本发明的多脚扣合骨螺钉的螺帽上设有凸台,在手术打孔时,会预留与凸台配合的空间,当骨钉体旋入固定套后,螺脚会因为受力发生麻花状旋转膨胀,因此凸台的卡位可以确保骨钉体旋入固定套后不会因为自身发生反向旋转而从固定套上松开。
3.本发明的骨钉体的螺脚为平行设置或呈一定角度逐渐向螺钉中心轴线靠拢,且采用弹性材料,能够确保骨钉体初始能够较容易放入固定套的腔体,配合固定套较容易,不需要借助较大的外力,并且此结构能够确保骨钉体在拧入固定套后使固定套的腔体内部饱满,不会发生骨钉体从腔体滑落,形成稳固配合。
4.本发明的固定套为软质材料,在骨钉体植入时的加压情况下,固定套不会产生脆性破裂,并且,因为倒圆台腔体的结构,在骨钉体植入时,软质材料的底部被骨钉体撑开,能够有效与骨头固定,防止骨螺钉整体脱落造成固定效果不佳。
5.本发明的骨钉体的螺帽上设有凹槽,在植入骨螺钉和拧紧的过程中,可以达到省时省力和缩短手术时间的效果,并且也可以有效防止骨螺钉拧入时发生滑丝现象。
附图说明
图1为本发明的多脚扣合骨螺钉配合后结构示意图;
图2为本发明螺脚平行设置的骨钉体示意图;
图3为本发明螺脚呈一定角度逐渐向螺钉中心轴线靠拢设置的骨钉体示意图;
图4为本发明固定套的剖面结构示意图;
图5为本发明多脚扣合骨螺钉使用示意图;
附图中,1-螺钉;2-固定套;11-螺帽;12-螺帽;13-凹槽;14-凸台;21-腔体。
具体实施方式
结合图1-3,本发明多脚扣合骨螺钉,由骨钉体1和固定套2组成,所述骨钉体从下到上由螺脚11和螺帽12组成,所述螺脚11个数为4-10个;所述固定套2轴中心含有腔体21,所述螺脚11从上到下为平行设置或各个螺脚呈一定角度逐步向螺钉中心轴线靠拢,所述腔体21的最大直径可供平行设置螺脚11底部捏合在一起后放入,或逐步向螺钉中心轴线靠拢螺脚的放入,当螺脚11为平行设置时,所述螺脚11的材料为弹性模量在2000-3000Mpa的可降解材料,弹性材料使得骨钉体1在使用过程中,可以手动将螺脚11底部捏合成紧密靠拢状态,便于将骨钉体1放入腔体21中。所述螺脚11为圆柱形或上大下小的倒圆台形;所述螺帽12上设有凸台14,在手术打孔时,会预留与凸台配合的空间,当骨钉体旋入固定套后,螺脚会因为受力发生麻花状旋转膨胀,因此凸台的卡位可以确保骨钉体旋入固定套后不会因为自身发生反向旋转而从固定套上松开。
本发明所述腔体21为倒圆台腔体,所述腔体21在轴向上贯穿或不贯穿固定套2,所述固定套2为圆柱形,此结构使得骨钉体1在不断向下拧入的过程中,固定套2底部会因挤压而产生膨胀,因此固定套2为柔性脂肪族聚酯类生物降解材料和/或天然可吸收高分子材料的软质材料,所述柔性脂肪族聚酯类生物降解材料为聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚三亚甲基碳酸酯、聚对二氧环已酮、聚羟基烷酸酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯中的一种或多种;所述天然可吸收高分子材料为胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、丝素蛋白、海藻酸、聚氨基酸中的一种或多种,可以保证固定套2受到挤压时因为是软质材料不会发生脆性破裂,并且固定套2底部膨胀后可以较牢固的固定断骨,不会发生滑动。本发明所述螺帽12上还设有凹槽13,所述凹槽13为六棱柱,在植入骨螺钉和拧紧的过程中,可以达到省时省力和缩短手术时间的效果,并且也可以有效防止骨螺钉拧入时发生滑丝现象。
再结合图4,本发明多脚扣合骨螺钉的使用方法为:在断骨处按照与本发明多脚扣合骨螺钉配合的形状打孔,孔洞底端为锥形,孔洞顶端形状与螺帽12形状相同,并且设有与凸台14相配合的空间;孔洞打完后用吹气泵或吸尘器将空洞内的骨粉清洁干净,再将固定套2放入孔洞中,将骨钉体1的螺脚11底部放入固定套2的腔体21中,然后用工具借助凹槽13将骨钉拧入固定套2中,随着受力的增加,当骨钉体1完全拧入固定套2后,螺脚11旋转缠绕形成麻花状,此时凸台14与孔洞预留配合的位置重合,避免螺脚11因自行反向旋转而发生松动,麻花的形状增大了骨钉体1的体积,从而挤压固定套2四周发生膨胀,使整个多脚扣合骨螺钉能够牢牢固定断骨,有利于伤口愈合。
本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式,对发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,由骨钉体(1)和固定套(2)组成,其特征在于,所述骨钉体从下到上由螺脚(11)和螺帽(12)组成,所述螺脚(11)个数为4-10个;所述固定套(2)轴中心含有腔体(21),所述螺脚(11)的结构从上到下为平行设置或各个螺脚呈一定角度逐步向螺钉中心轴线靠拢,所述螺脚(11)为圆柱形或上大下小的倒圆台形;所述螺帽(12)边缘上设有凸台(14)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,所述腔体(21)的最大直径可供平行设置的所有螺脚(11)底部捏合在一起后放入,或呈一定角度逐步向螺钉中心轴线靠拢的螺脚放入。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,当螺脚(11)为平行设置时,所述螺脚(11)的材料为弹性模量在2000-3000Mpa的可降解材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,所述腔体(21)为倒圆台腔体,所述腔体(21)在轴向上贯穿或不贯穿固定套(2)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,所述固定套(2)为软质材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,所述软质材料为柔性脂肪族聚酯类生物降解材料和/或天然可吸收高分子材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,所述柔性脂肪族聚酯类生物降解材料为聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚三亚甲基碳酸酯、聚对二氧环已酮、聚羟基烷酸酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯中的一种或多种;所述天然可吸收高分子材料为胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、丝素蛋白、海藻酸、聚氨基酸中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,所述螺帽(12)上还设有凹槽(13),所述凹槽(13)为六棱柱。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种多脚扣合骨螺钉,其特征在于,所述固定套(2)为圆柱形。
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