CN104095677B - 高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉 - Google Patents

高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉 Download PDF

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CN104095677B
CN104095677B CN201410337477.9A CN201410337477A CN104095677B CN 104095677 B CN104095677 B CN 104095677B CN 201410337477 A CN201410337477 A CN 201410337477A CN 104095677 B CN104095677 B CN 104095677B
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储成林
于红光
李旋
白晶
郭超
薛烽
林萍华
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Abstract

高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉包括纯镁或镁合金制成的骨钉体(1)和位于骨钉体(1)外与之吻合的膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2);在膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)的内表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹,在膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)的外表面有多个与表面呈70°~90°的梯形或者倒三角形的楔子(3);骨钉体(1)呈头窄尾宽的圆锥体状,其外表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹;骨钉体(1)的钉帽处设有与钉体连通的内三角或一字槽内腔(4),使用时骨钉体(1)位于膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)中。本发明所采用的深螺纹可以更好的与螺纹腔相结合,增加了钉体旋退时的阻力和路径,有效的避免了钉体的滑脱现象的发生。

Description

高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械中的骨科植入物,属于可降解骨钉技术领域,具体为一种人体可吸收的医用的高强度组合式骨钉。
背景技术
骨钉做为骨内固定植入器材,其选择一直是骨科手术面临的难题之一。专利号为200320123881.X的“防滑锁骨钉”、专利号为200720178243.X的“膨胀骨钉”所制备的骨钉,虽然可以在防滑脱方面起到一定的作用,但是仍存在一定的技术缺陷,并且在人体内不可以自分解被人体吸收,在骨折愈合后需二次手术取出,对患者造成二次损伤。专利号为201120074842.3的“高强度可吸收骨钉组合”制备的骨钉,虽然可以在人体内最终降解,但是该方案中骨钉的金属辅助钉为中空的金属辅助钉,使得强度明显降低,同时其由聚乳酸和聚甘醇合成的聚合物圆形骨钉套当降解发生时很容易发生滑脱,这样就不利于患者的愈合。
镁合金聚乳酸复合材料可以克服以上缺点。一方面镁合金在骨内固定植入器材有很多其他金属材料所不可比拟的性能优势,例如密度(1.7-1.9g/cm3)、弹性模量(41-45GPa)均与人骨的相近;刚度、拉伸强度等均满足骨固定材料的力学强度要求;同时其还具有良好的生物相容性,降解析出的过量镁可以通过尿液排出体外,具有良好的安全性。另一方面聚乳酸(poly lacticacid,PLA)是少数被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的生物降解医用材料,对人体无毒无害。PLA具有良好生物相容性,手术愈合后可在体内最终被降解为CO2和H2O吸收掉,无需二次手术取出。
因此,本发明制备的高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉不仅克服了普通金属骨钉不能自降解、需要二次手术取出的缺点,同时也解决了可降解骨钉在降解前后容易发生滑脱的问题。本发明制备的高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉在其性能上兼备聚乳酸和镁合金的各自的优势,同时又能克服两者各自的缺点。在骨创伤外科、骨科植入物,尤其是骨折与骨板固定方面有很好的应用前景,但迄今国内外尚未见有相关的研究报道。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明为解决现有骨钉无法自降解或者易滑脱的缺点,提供了一种具有高强度、可自降解、防滑脱的高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉。
技术方案:本发明的高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉包括纯镁或镁合金制成的骨钉体和位于骨钉体外与之吻合的膨胀型内螺纹腔体;在膨胀型内螺纹腔体的内表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹,在膨胀型内螺纹腔体的外表面有多个与表面呈70°~90°的梯形或者倒三角形的楔子;骨钉体呈头窄尾宽的圆锥体状,其外表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹;骨钉体的钉帽处设有与钉体连通的内三角或一字槽内腔,使用时骨钉体位于膨胀型内螺纹腔体中。
所述骨钉体的长度在10mm-120mm之间,钉帽处的直径在6mm-12mm之间;膨胀型内螺纹腔体外的倒三角形的楔子的深度为膨胀型内螺纹腔体直径的1/5-1/3。
所述聚乳酸为聚L-乳酸,或者聚(D,L)-乳酸或者是两者的共聚物或混合物,聚乳酸分子量为5万~150万。
有益效果:该发明的有益效果如下:
1、采用独立的聚乳酸基螺纹腔体,在与镁合金基钉体拧紧后,一方面可以有效阻止镁合金钉体在植入初期与人体体液腐蚀环境的接触,可以减缓腐蚀过程,从而推后镁合金的腐蚀,延长其发挥功能的时间;另一方面聚乳酸的耐腐蚀性较好,降解周期长,可以克服镁合金腐蚀快的缺点,维持镁合金植入材料在人体内的功能,达到良好的医学适用性。此外,螺纹腔外表面的梯形状的楔子可以有效的防止螺纹腔的滑脱。
2、圆锥形镁合金钉体的头窄尾宽形结构的设计有三方面优势。一方面由于骨钉钉体的末端与人体的体液直接接触,宽大的末端可以在较长时间内承受人体体液的腐蚀,有效的阻止了体液与钉体的接触,有利于维持骨钉钉体的形状;另一方面实心的圆锥形钉体的可以保持钉体的高强度,在降解过程中,由于后端较为宽大,依旧可以保持钉体的高强度。此外,钉体上的深螺纹可以更好的与螺纹腔相结合,而圆锥形结构使得相邻各螺纹的相对直径各不相同,增加了钉体旋退时的阻力和路径,有效的避免了钉体在固定时滑脱现象的发生。
3、由于采用球形头部式镁合金钉帽,当骨钉植入骨骼时不仅可以减少骨钉钉体头部对骨骼的磨损,而且由于球形头部式镁合金钉帽比较厚大,可以承受大部分人体体液的腐蚀,有利于保护钉体面免受腐蚀。钉帽的内三角钉槽在植入骨钉钉体拧紧过程中,不仅省时省力、缩短手术时间,从而减轻患者植入骨钉时的痛苦,而且也可以有效防止骨钉拧入时发生滑丝现象,避免再次对骨组织造成损伤。
4、该膨胀骨钉克服了传统骨钉降解后造成的局部酸性或碱性变化波动较大的特点。这是因为镁合金钉体降解时呈碱性,而螺纹腔的聚乳酸降解时呈酸性,两者恰好可以酸碱中和,因此该膨胀骨钉在体内降解的过程时对其周围生理环境的局部酸碱性影响很小。
5、该膨胀骨钉由聚乳酸和镁合金组成,两者均具有良好生物相容性和可降解性。镁合金会在体内逐渐降解,降解析出的过量镁可以通过尿液排出体外;PLA在体内逐步降解,最终降解为CO2和H2O而被吸收掉。因此,该膨胀骨钉的所有部分均可完全在人体体内降解吸收,具有良好的安全性。
附图说明
图1是本发明膨胀型内螺纹腔体的外形结构示意图;
图2是本发明膨胀型内螺纹腔体的轴向剖视结构示意图;
图3是骨钉体的剖视结构示意图,
其中有:骨钉体1、膨胀型内螺纹腔体2、梯形或者倒三角形的楔子3、内腔4。
具体实施方式
本发明的高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉由纯镁或镁合金制成的骨钉体1和聚乳酸制成的用于防滑脱的膨胀型内螺纹腔体2组成。独立的聚乳酸基内螺纹腔体外表面有多排尺寸较大的梯形状的楔子,内表面有可与钉体相结合的深螺纹,镁合金骨钉体1的外表面排列有较大的深螺纹,顶端是较小的浅螺纹,球形头部式钉帽处有较深的内三角钉槽。
所述聚乳酸为聚L-乳酸,或者聚(D,L)-乳酸或者是两者的共聚物或混合物,或者为乳酸同乙醇酸的共聚物,聚乳酸分子量为5万~150万。
所述骨钉体1是由镁合金复合制备而成,膨胀型内螺纹腔体是由中间夹有镁合金的聚乳酸制备而成。
实施例1
本实施例1所述高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉的结构示意图见图1,图2和图3。
在图1所示的聚乳酸膨胀型内螺纹腔体的外表面为梯形状的倒三角形的楔子3,其与螺纹腔体表面的角度在70°~90°之间,在膨胀型内螺纹腔体2的前端开有一字槽。
在图3所示的骨钉体1的外表面有深螺纹和浅螺纹,钉体的顶部为球形头部式钉帽,钉帽上设有内三角孔槽。
当骨钉体1还没有拧入到膨胀型内螺纹腔体2中时,螺纹腔的前端是还没有被钉体撑开的状态。骨钉体1长度L=10mm-120mm,球形头部的直径D=6mm-12mm;内三角槽的深度应该在整个骨钉钉体的1/5-1/3左右,这样可以在保证钉体的强度的基础上操作简便、省时省力。
在手术过程中,先在需要拧入膨胀骨钉的骨骼处,按照规定的规格和深度要求打孔,然后用吹气泵或吸尘器将空洞内的骨粉清洁干净。将膨胀型内螺纹腔体2放入到孔洞内,然后用工具插入到内三角空腔中把骨钉体1拧入到膨胀型内螺纹腔体2中,膨胀型内螺纹腔体2的前端受到力的作用就会撑开,使膨胀型内螺纹腔体2与骨组织和骨钉体1紧密结合在一起,同时膨胀型内螺纹腔体2外表面的楔子可以嵌入到骨组织中,很好的起到了固定骨钉的作用,使其在使用过程中不会发生松动或滑脱。

Claims (2)

1.一种高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉,其特征在于:该组合式自降解膨胀骨钉包括纯镁或镁合金制成的骨钉体(1)和位于骨钉体(1)外与之吻合的膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2);在膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)的内表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹,在膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)的外表面有多个与表面呈70°~90°的梯形或者倒三角形的楔子(3);骨钉体(1)呈头窄尾宽的圆锥体状,其外表面锥体的中段部分表面为深螺纹,前段部分为浅螺纹;骨钉体(1)的钉帽处设有与钉体连通的内三角或一字槽内腔(4),使用时骨钉体(1)位于膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)中;
所述骨钉体(1)的长度在10mm-120mm之间,钉帽处的直径在6mm-12mm之间;膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)外的倒三角形的楔子(3)的深度为膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)直径的1/5-1/3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度组合式自降解膨胀骨钉,其特征在于:所述膨胀型内螺纹腔体(2)采用聚乳酸材料。
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CN107898495B (zh) * 2017-07-24 2021-03-12 北京航空航天大学 具有拉胀结构的骨钉
CN109171921B (zh) * 2018-10-16 2021-02-09 北京航空航天大学 新型易拧入骨钉设计与制造
CN111214711A (zh) * 2018-11-26 2020-06-02 洛阳市中心医院(郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院) 一种用于软组织固定的具有消炎药物涂层的螺旋镁合金钉
CN113873958B (zh) * 2019-05-09 2024-05-28 香港大学 骨螺钉的新型螺纹设计
CN113017733A (zh) * 2021-03-30 2021-06-25 苏州奥芮济医疗科技有限公司 一种医疗锚钉及其加工工艺

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