CN106416073B - 电路装置 - Google Patents

电路装置 Download PDF

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CN106416073B
CN106416073B CN201480066512.6A CN201480066512A CN106416073B CN 106416073 B CN106416073 B CN 106416073B CN 201480066512 A CN201480066512 A CN 201480066512A CN 106416073 B CN106416073 B CN 106416073B
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CN106416073A (zh
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T·里希特
S·布茨曼
S·阿尔丁格
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567—Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
    • H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
    • H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0063—High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0072—Low side switches, i.e. the lower potential [DC] or neutral wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电路装置(1)，尤其是用于操控电机的电路装置，其具有至少一个高压半导体桥式电路(2)，该高压半导体桥式电路具有低侧半导体开关(4)和高侧半导体开关(3)，其中，给高侧半导体开关(3)分配高侧门极驱动器(5)，并且给低侧半导体开关(4)分配低侧门极驱动器(6)。规定，高侧反激式变换器(8)接在高侧门极驱动器前面，并且低侧反激式变换器(9)接在低侧门极驱动器(6)前面，其中，其中反激式变换器(7、8、9)中的至少一个被构造为高压反激式变换器。

Description

电路装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电路装置，尤其是用于操控电机的电路装置，其具有至少一个高压半导体桥式电路，该高压半导体桥式电路具有低侧半导体开关和高侧半导体开关，其中，给低侧半导体开关分配低侧门极驱动器，并且给高侧半导体开关分配高侧门极驱动器。
背景技术
开头提到的类型的电路装置由现有技术所公知。半导体桥式电路经常被用在逆变器中，用于在运行中切换电机的相。为了切换各个半导体开关，通常设置有门极驱动器，这些门极驱动器适合于快速且最优地切换相。在也具有一个或多个电机作为传动机的现代车辆中公知的是，设置具有不同的电压水平的电压网。通常提供具有低电压水平的车载电网，其例如被使用用于运行收音机、内部照明器等等。而具有较高电压水平的子电网、即所谓的高压电网被使用用于运行具有比车载电网的组件高得多的能量需求的电传动机。因此，通常也给高压电网分配用于电传动机的逆变器的半导体桥式电路，这是因为它们必须接高电压。然而，门极驱动器本身的操控通常在使用正激式变换器或反激式变换器的情况下通过车辆的低压车载电网来进行，所述正激式变换器或反激式变换器必须越过在低压电网与高压电网之间的必要的绝缘势垒(Isolationsbarriere)。也被称为升压转换器或降压转换器的反激式变换器形成两个电网之间的电流隔离，从而尤其避免低压电网的电压过载。
发明内容
根据本发明的具有权利要求1的特征的电路装置具有如下优点，即反激式变换器不必越过绝缘势垒，并且因此在可比较的功率下尤其需要较小的结构空间。根据本发明的电路装置的反激式变换器优选地被构造用于保证功能绝缘(Funktionsisolierung)而非基础绝缘(Basisisolierung)。根据本发明为此规定，高侧反激式变换器接在高侧门极驱动器前面，并且低侧反激式变换器接在低侧门极驱动器前面，其中，其中反激式变换器中的至少一个、也就是高侧反激式变换器或低侧反激式变换器被构造为高压反激式变换器，或者由牵引电压网或高压电网馈电。因此，分别给两个门极驱动器分配反激式变换器，这些反激式变换器中的至少一个也构造为高压反激式变换器，并且就这点而言同样布置在高压侧。通过将反激式变换器之一构造为高压反激式变换器已经减小结构空间需求，并且至少该反激式变换器不必越过从低压电网到高压电网的绝缘势垒。
特别优选地规定，两个反激式变换器被构造为高压反激式变换器，或被分配给高压电网/牵引电网。由此，进一步优化结构空间需求并且使在绝缘势垒方面的优点最大化。由此，电路装置总地来说变得特别成本低和节省结构空间。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案规定，高压半导体桥式电路具有逻辑单元，该逻辑单元为了其电压供应而与反激式变换器中的至少一个连接。因此，高压逻辑单元的电压供应通过高压半桥电路的反激式变换器来保证。尤其规定，逻辑单元被构造为微控制器或微处理器或者具有所述微控制器或微处理器。
此外优选地规定，逻辑单元与至少一个半桥电路的两个反激式变换器连接。通过该冗余的电压供应，不再需要门极驱动器的仅在常规供应失效时才使用的单独的紧急供应。
为此优选地，至少一个、尤其两个反激式变换器具有用于对逻辑单元进行电压供应的辅助绕组。通过辅助绕组的相应的构造，可以以简单的方式提供对于逻辑单元来说最优的运行电压。
此外优选地规定，反激式变换器分别通过中间连接的二极管彼此并联地与逻辑单元连接。在故障情况下，也就是当两个反激式变换器中的一个失效时，由此保证，还是可以借助剩余的反激式变换器设定继续运行或安全状态、尤其是所连接的电机的主动短路。
特别优选地规定，电路装置被构造为逆变器，其具有至少一个另外的半桥电路、尤其是两个另外的半桥电路。优选地，半桥电路如前述那样地来构造。替代地也可以规定，另外的半桥电路为了其电压供应与至少一个第一半桥电路的两个反激式变换器连接。
附图说明
下面根据实施例更详细地阐述本发明。为此：
唯一的图以其简化的图示示出电路装置。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于运行电机的电路装置1，其由牵引电压网或高压电网来供应。电路装置1被构造为逆变器，其具有三个半导体桥式电路，其中在这里出于概览原因仅示出一个半导体桥式电路2。
半导体桥式电路2具有两个串联的半导体开关3、4，其中一个半导体开关3被构造为高侧半导体开关，并且另一个半导体开关被构造为低侧半导体开关4。这意味着，半导体开关3接正牵引电网电压T+，而半导体开关4接负牵引电压T-。
给两个半导体开关3、4分别分配门极驱动器5或6，其中，门极驱动器5、6可以被相应地称为高侧门极驱动器5和低侧门极驱动器6。两个门极驱动器5、6通过尤其具有微控制器的逻辑单元7操控。根据逻辑单元7的预设，门极驱动器5、6操控半导体开关4，以便给电机的相P或者说U、V或W供应电压。未示出的另外的半桥电路也相应地通过逻辑单元7操控。在此，每个半导体桥式电路都被分配给电机的一个相。
为了运行门极驱动器5、6，也给所述门极驱动器供应供应电压。为此，当前设置两个反激式变换器8、9，所述反激式变换器分别接在门极驱动器5、6之一前面。反激式变换器8、9就这方面而言同样被构造为高侧或低侧反激式变换器8或9。反激式变换器8、9优选分别具有用于半导体桥式电路2的电流退耦的反激式变换器变压器。电路装置1基本上是用于运行电机的高压电网的一部分。
逻辑单元7优选通过在总系统的或电路装置1的低压侧上的装置来操控并且可选地监控。
两个反激式变换器8、9此外具有在这里未更详细示出的用于对逻辑单元7进行电压供应的辅助线圈。通过辅助线圈，用于逻辑单元7的最优的运行电压通过各自的反激式变换器8、9的另外的输出端10、11来提供。在此，反激式变换器8、9的或反激式变压器的所述输出端10、11分别通过二极管12、13与逻辑单元7连接。因此，反激式变换器8、9彼此并联地与逻辑单元7连接。如果反激式变换器8、9之一失效，那么门极驱动器5、6的运行基本上可以通过剩余的反激式变换器9或8来维持。由此，保证逻辑单元7的冗余的能量供应。
为了对尤其是电路装置1的所有半导体桥式电路的高侧门极驱动器5和低侧门极驱动器6进行供应，适宜地使用两个分开的、在理想情况下相同构建的反激式变换器8、9。对逻辑单元7以及可能设置的微控制器的供应于是冗余地通过经由二极管12、13并联的反激式变换器8、9的反激式变换器变压器的辅助绕组来实现。

Claims (7)

1.用于操控电机的电路装置(1)，所述电路装置具有至少一个高压半导体桥式电路(2)，所述高压半导体桥式电路具有低侧半导体开关(4)、高侧半导体开关(3)和逻辑单元(7)，其中，给所述高侧半导体开关(3)分配高侧门极驱动器(5)，并且给所述低侧半导体开关(4)分配低侧门极驱动器(6)，其特征在于，高侧反激式变换器(8)接在所述高侧门极驱动器前面，并且低侧反激式变换器(9)接在所述低侧门极驱动器(6)前面，其中反激式变换器中的至少一个被构造为高压反激式变换器，其中所述逻辑单元(7)为了其电压供应与反激式变换器中的至少一个连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电路装置，其特征在于，两个反激式变换器被构造为高压反激式变换器。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路装置，其特征在于，所述逻辑单元(7)为了其电压供应与两个反激式变换器连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的电路装置，其特征在于，至少一个反激式变换器具有用于对所述逻辑单元(7)进行电压供应的辅助绕组。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的电路装置，其特征在于，两个反激式变换器具有用于对所述逻辑单元(7)进行电压供应的辅助绕组。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的电路装置，其特征在于，所述反激式变换器分别通过中间连接的二极管(12、13)彼此并联地与所述逻辑单元(7)连接。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的电路装置，其特征在于，所述电路装置构造为逆变器，具有至少一个另外的半导体桥式电路。
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