CN106415110B - 用于压力箱的监视装置以及压力箱 - Google Patents

用于压力箱的监视装置以及压力箱 Download PDF

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CN106415110B
CN106415110B CN201580027454.0A CN201580027454A CN106415110B CN 106415110 B CN106415110 B CN 106415110B CN 201580027454 A CN201580027454 A CN 201580027454A CN 106415110 B CN106415110 B CN 106415110B
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pressure tank
monitoring device
pressure
filling
tank
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CN106415110A (zh
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S·黑滕科费尔
K·斯朱克塞科
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/027—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or volume flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
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    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
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    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0293—Safety devices; Fail-safe measures
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
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    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种特别是在机动车中用于压力箱的监视装置，其中，该监视装置设置为用于确定压力箱的实时运行参数并根据这些运行参数计算出以及优选显示在所述实时运行参数下压力箱的最大可能的充填度。本发明还涉及一种包括该监视装置的压力箱。

Description

用于压力箱的监视装置以及压力箱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于压力箱的监视装置。此外，本发明还涉及一种包括这样的监视装置的压力箱。该压力箱特别是低温压力箱。
背景技术
由现有技术已知在车辆中使用低温压力箱。在此方面，现有技术还披露了用于显示低温压力箱的填充状态的系统。如果车辆能利用由低温压力箱储存的动力燃料运行，则这一点尤为重要。特别是由DE 10 2012 205 887 A1已知一种用于低温压力箱的填充状态的显示系统。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于压力箱的监视装置以及一种压力箱，该监视装置在制造和装配简单且经济的情况下能够安全而可靠地确定压力箱的充填状态。
该目的通过一种特别是在机动车中用于压力箱的监视装置得以实现，该监视装置设置为用于确定压力箱的实时运行参数并根据这些运行参数计算出在所述实时运行参数下压力箱的最大可能的充填度。由此，该目的通过这样一种用于压力箱的监视装置得以实现，该监视装置设置为用于确定压力箱的实时运行参数。此外，该监视装置设置为用于在保有所述实时运行参数的情况下借助这些运行参数计算出压力箱的最大可能的充填度。特别是，介质从压力箱的快速提取导致下述运行参数，这些运行参数仅仅允许小的最大可能充填度。尤其在采用热交换器时就是这种情形，针对介质的快速提取而使用了该热交换器，以便将热量引入压力箱中。这一点可以由监视装置计算。因此，在本发明的范围内例如考虑到：压力箱的可能的加料密度取决于在压力箱内存在着怎样的温度和怎样的压力。
监视装置有益地具有温度传感器。利用该温度传感器可以检测在压力箱内部的温度作为该压力箱的运行参数。作为备选或附加方案，监视装置具有压力传感器。利用该压力传感器可以检测在压力箱内部的压力作为该压力箱的运行参数。如若在压力箱内部存在高的温度和低的压力，那么该压力箱的最大可能充填度就小于在压力箱内部为相同或者较高压力时存在低的温度的情况。
优选地，监视装置另外还具有消耗传感器，利用该消耗传感器可以检测从压力箱流出的质量流量作为该压力箱的运行参数。特别是从压力箱中长时间和持续的提取能够实现压力箱的一个高的最大可能充填度。作为备选方案，流出的质量流量可以由压力箱内部压力和温度在时间上的变化计算出来。压力和温度可以利用前述传感器(压力传感器和温度传感器)检测。
监视装置有益地具有存储元件，在该存储元件内储存有用于压力箱的尽可能好的充填度的值。若压力箱在未执行附加措施(比如特别是在压力箱内加热)的情况下被完全排空，则存在压力箱的尽可能好的充填度。这意味着：当贮箱具有低于预定极限压力(Schwelldruck)的压力和低于预定极限温度(Schwelltemperatur)的温度时就存在所述尽可能好的充填度。由于所述尽可能好的充填度仅仅取决于压力箱的类型和其绝缘质量，故而可以在存储元件中储存该尽可能好的充填度。如若监视装置借助压力箱的运行参数计算出一个小于所述尽可能好的充填度的最大可能充填度，那么可以由监视装置有益地计算出最大可能的充填度与尽可能好的充填度之比。由此使用者获得了关于可以使用压力箱之最大可能容量的怎样一部分的信息。
为了能够将监视装置的信息传送给使用者，监视装置有益地具有显示装置。在该显示装置上特别是可以显示所述最大可能的充填度和/或所述尽可能好的充填度。另外优选规定：在显示装置上可以显示压力箱的实时充填度。因为监视装置设置为用于总是根据压力箱的实时运行参数来计算最大可能的充填度，所以压力箱的使用者可获得关于压力箱实时运行的影响作用的立刻反馈。如若该压力箱组装在车辆中并且储存车辆的动力燃料，那么使用者借助显示装置和监视装置便可获得关于他目前的驾驶行为/行驶特性的实时反馈。
此外，本发明还涉及一种压力箱，该压力箱如前所述包括监视装置。
优选所述压力箱具有加热装置，通过该加热装置可以将热能导入压力箱中。于是，特别是当压力箱内部的压力低于预定的最低压力时，可以将热能导入压力箱中。为保证从压力箱中为消耗器供应介质，所述最低压力是必要的。然而由于压力箱内部的压力随着越来越多地从压力箱提取介质而下降，残余的压力在低于最小压力时便不再足以为消耗器可靠地实施供应(即供应介质)。为了仍然能够使用压力箱内部剩余的介质，可以借助加热装置提高压力箱内部的压力。提高压力箱的温度同时导致该压力箱的较小的最大可能充填度，这可以由监视装置计算。特别是，可以由监视装置计算出最大可能充填度基于加热装置作用之故出现的这种减小并将其显示在显示装置上。
加热装置有益地是一种热交换器。该热交换器优选可连接于能被供以压力箱内容物的消耗器的冷却循环回路。特别优选的是，所述压力箱设置在车辆中，利用该压力箱可以为车辆的马达/发动机或燃料电池实施供应(即供应工作介质)。由此，热交换器可以与马达/发动机的或燃料电池的冷却循环回路连接。因为特别是在从压力箱快速提取介质的情况中压力箱内部的温度下降，而快速提取同时表明对消耗器、亦即马达/发动机或燃料电池的高的功率要求，于是通过压力箱准备好冷却能力以供消耗器需要该冷却能力时使用。由此，一方面消耗器可以冷却，另一方面通过导入热量可实现在贮箱内提高压力。
特别优选的是，加热装置能够通过用户接口由使用者激活或去活。如前所述，特别是规定，可以为使用者显示：通过加热装置在压力箱内加热具有怎样的影响作用。因此允许使用者通过用户接口自己决定：是不是应该使用加热装置。特别是如果压力箱为车辆的驱动实施供应(即供应工作介质)，那么使用者可以确定：他的车辆是否利用目前的加料状态应该具有大的能量范围/可达里程(Reichweite)，或者他的车辆是否利用后续加料应该具有大的能量范围/可达里程。如果不使用加热装置，则不能将全部储备从蓄压器中提取出来。所以车辆的能量范围/可达里程小于最大可能。然而如果使用加热装置，则在蓄压器内部的温度便上升。因此车辆虽然可以用于较大的能量范围/可达里程，但同时压力箱的最大可能充填度却下降。因此，压力箱在重新充填时不能一直充填到所述尽可能好的充填度，这种方式使得车辆的能量范围/可达里程在加料之后较小。
优选所述压力箱是一种低温压力箱。利用该低温压力箱特别是可以储存氢。氢特别是用作机动车的燃料，其中该机动车具有燃料电池或氢发动机(Wasserstoffmotor)。
附图说明
由下文的说明和附图可得知本发明的其他细节、特征和优点。附图示出：
图1为具有本发明一种实施例的监视装置的压力箱的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有本发明一种实施例的监视装置1的压力箱2。该压力箱2是一个低温绝缘的压力箱，利用该压力箱特别是可以储存氢。压力箱2有益地设置在车辆中并且储存低温氢，其中所述低温氢设置为车辆用的燃料。
监视装置1包括温度传感器3、压力传感器4和消耗传感器5。通过这些传感器3、4、5能够检测压力箱2的运行参数。利用温度传感器3可以检测在压力箱2内部的温度，利用压力传感器4可以检测在压力箱2内部的压力，而利用消耗传感器5可以检测从压力箱2流出的质量流量。作为备选方案，可以通过压力传感器2和温度传感器3上压力和温度在时间上的变化来计算流出的质量流量。作为另外的备选方案，可以直接由消耗器传送消耗测定，例如由燃料电池利用产生的电流强度作为测量参量。由这些运行参数最后可以计算出压力箱2的最大可能的充填度。
为了将压力箱2用作为消耗器的供应(介质)，此外设置有一个提取阀8。该提取阀8有益地是可调节的并且对介质从压力箱2中的流出进行调节。消耗传感器5有益地直接设置在提取阀8上。
监视装置1具有一个存储元件，在该存储元件中储存有对于压力箱2来说具备独特特征的、尽可能好的充填度。由此，监视装置1可以计算出在实时运行参数下由所述最大可能充填度产生所述尽可能好的充填度的怎样的份额。
为了显示计算的信息，监视装置1与一个显示装置7连接。在显示装置7上可以显示压力箱2的最大可能的充填度和/或压力箱2的尽可能好的充填度和/或压力箱2的实时充填度。由此，使用者可以清楚地看出：目前压力箱2的哪些容量已经用尽和哪些容量可供使用。可以基于消耗数据和储存的特征曲线将这个容量换算成一个预测的能量范围/可达里程并加以显示。
最后，压力箱2还具有一个加热装置6。该加热装置6是一种热交换器，利用该热交换器可以给压力箱2加温并且同时可以使接在压力箱2上的消耗器冷却。因为特别是在短时间之内从压力箱2提取大量介质时压力箱2内部的温度下降，同时消耗器通过来自压力箱2的大量能量而产生大量的余热，于是当需要进行冷却时确保实现最佳的冷却。通过加热装置6，使用者可以将热量导入压力箱2中。由于在压力箱2内部必须存在一个最小压力以便产生从压力箱2流出的质量流量，因此在压力箱2内部总是会剩下余量介质。通过加热装置6可以提高压力箱2内部的压力，从而可以提取至少一部分在压力箱2内残余的余量介质。然而因为同时在压力箱2内部的温度上升，所以由监视装置1基于温度传感器3和压力传感器4的传感器值计算出压力箱2的最大可能充填度的下降并将其显示在显示装置7上。
特别是规定，监视装置1确定：使用加热装置6对压力箱2的最大可能充填度具有怎样的影响作用。特别是如果压力箱2为车辆的驱动实施供应(即供应工作介质)，则这一点是重要的。在显示装置7上为使用者显示出：车辆的剩余能量范围/可达里程以及压力箱2的实时充填度是多大。此外，在显示装置7上还为使用者显示出：若使用用于在贮箱内进行加热的加热装置6，车辆的能量范围/可达里程将是多大。同时，在显示装置7上为使用者显示出：使用加热装置6对压力箱2的最大可能充填度具有怎样的影响作用。
由此，使用者可以根据显示装置7上的信息来决定他是否要使用加热装置6。加热装置6为此具有一个用户接口9，通过该用户接口，加热装置6可以由使用者激活或去活。由此，使用者可以选择性地获得压力箱2的尽可能好的充填度或者是发生短期尽可能高的能量范围/可达里程。
附图标记列表
1 监视装置
2 压力箱
3 温度传感器
4 压力传感器
5 消耗传感器
6 加热装置
7 显示装置
8 提取阀
9 用户接口

Claims (11)

1.用于压力箱(2)的监视装置(1)，其中，该监视装置(1)设置为用于确定压力箱(2)的实时运行参数并根据这些运行参数计算出在所述实时运行参数下压力箱(2)的最大可能的充填度，所述监视装置(1)具有存储元件，在该存储元件内储存有用于压力箱(2)的尽可能好的充填度的值，其中，若压力箱在未执行在压力箱内加热的情况下被完全排空，则存在压力箱的尽可能好的充填度，由此当压力箱具有低于预定极限压力的压力和低于预定极限温度的温度时就存在所述尽可能好的充填度，
若所述监视装置借助压力箱的运行参数计算出一个小于所述尽可能好的充填度的最大可能充填度，那么能由所述监视装置计算出最大可能的充填度与尽可能好的充填度之比。
2.如权利要求1所述的监视装置(1)，其特征在于，设置有至少一个温度传感器(3)，利用该温度传感器能够检测在压力箱(2)内部的温度作为该压力箱(2)的运行参数；和/或，设置有压力传感器(4)，利用该压力传感器能够检测在压力箱(2)内部的压力作为该压力箱(2)的运行参数。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的监视装置(1)，其特征在于，设置有消耗传感器(5)，利用该消耗传感器能够检测从压力箱(2)流出的质量流量作为该压力箱(2)的运行参数。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的监视装置(1)，其特征在于，设置有显示装置(7)，在该显示装置上能够显示最大可能的充填度和/或尽可能好的充填度。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的监视装置(1)，其特征在于，所述监视装置(1)用于机动车中的压力箱(2)。
6.压力箱(2)，其包括如权利要求1至5之任一项所述的监视装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的压力箱(2)，其特征在于，设置有加热装置(6)，通过该加热装置(6)能够将热能导入压力箱(2)中。
8.如权利要求7所述的压力箱(2)，其特征在于，所述加热装置(6)是热交换器，该热交换器可连接于能被供以压力箱(2)内容物的消耗器的冷却循环回路。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的压力箱(2)，其特征在于，所述加热装置(6)能够通过用户接口(9)由使用者激活或去活。
10.如权利要求6至8之任一项所述的压力箱(2)，其特征在于，所述压力箱(2)是低温压力箱。
11.如权利要求10所述的压力箱(2)，其特征在于，利用该低温压力箱能够储存氢。
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DE102014211503A1 (de) 2015-12-17
US10746109B2 (en) 2020-08-18

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