CN106413965A - 手工焊条 - Google Patents
手工焊条 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106413965A CN106413965A CN201580028776.7A CN201580028776A CN106413965A CN 106413965 A CN106413965 A CN 106413965A CN 201580028776 A CN201580028776 A CN 201580028776A CN 106413965 A CN106413965 A CN 106413965A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- metallic particles
- protective coating
- stick electrode
- stick
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007778 shielded metal arc welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 4043 Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005493 welding type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/264—Bi as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/268—Pb as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/284—Mg as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3026—Mn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
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Abstract
SMAW焊接焊条(10)的触发端(18)的暴露的金属尖端(19)被保护涂层(22)覆盖,该保护涂层由粘合剂和金属颗粒形成。因为金属颗粒而不是石墨颗粒用于为该保护涂层提供导电性,所以基本上完全消除了最初被触发时电弧的骤燃。此外,还消除了焊接孔隙问题的可能性,因为本发明焊条的金属颗粒不产生作为最终导致不适当的焊接技术的反应副产物的CO2。
Description
背景
“手工焊条(stick electrode)”是用于描述在SMAW焊接过程(焊条电弧焊)中使用的焊接焊条的类型的常见俗名。
图1示出了在SMAW中使用的常规手工焊条的结构。如在此所示,手工焊条10采取由焊接填充金属(例如软钢、镍/钢合金、铬/镍合金等)制成的实心的、基本上直的、基本上刚性的细长芯棒或条12的形式。芯棒12,典型为9至18英寸长并且直径1/16至1/4英寸,限定了纵向表面14,即沿棒的长度延伸的表面,这些纵向表面覆盖有焊剂成分的涂层16。用于包含在由手工焊条10制成的焊接金属中的合金元素也可以包括在涂层16中。
如图1进一步所示,手工焊条10限定旨在接合待焊接工件的远端或“触发”端18和旨在安装在夹持组件(未示出)上的相反“夹持”端20,该夹持组件被连接到手工焊条10将与之一起使用的SMAW焊接机上。为此目的,将涂层16的一部分在夹持端20中从纵向表面14移除,如图1中的22处所示。
在手工焊条10已经被安装在连接到其焊接机的夹持组件中的适当位置之后,工件的焊接通过在手工焊条10的触发端18的暴露的金属尖端19与待焊接的工件的表面之间触发电弧(即,产生电弧)开始。在SMAW中,这通过以下方式完成:沿着工件的表面滑动触发端18的暴露的金属尖端19以引发电流流动并且然后通过将二者稍微拉开而使触发端18与工件之间的接触快速断开。如果适当地进行,电流继续在触发端18与工件之间穿过将两者分开的小空间流动。由该电流产生的强热使周围的大气气体电离,从而产生极亮的光,即电弧。如果触发端18从工件太快地撤开,则电弧将根本不会产生或如果产生的话将几乎立即熄灭。如果触发端18从工件太慢地撤开,则它将使焊条熔化并从而粘结(即焊接)到工件上,在焊接工业中被称为“熄弧(stubbing out)”。
与这种类型的SMAW焊接焊条相关的常见问题是触发端18的暴露的金属尖端19可能携带显著的锈层。在制造中,涂层16通常以水性焊剂分散体的形式施加到棒12上,然后将如此形成的涂覆棒加热以蒸发分散体的水并固化可能存在的任何粘合剂。通常会遇到高达1000°F的温度。在这些升高的温度下,并且在由于蒸发焊剂分散体的水而产生的蒸汽的存在下,金属棒12的暴露的金属尖端19容易氧化,因为它没有被覆盖任何类型的保护层。结果是,通常在该尖端上形成一层锈。不幸的是,这层锈可以阻止手工焊条10正常工作,因为它不仅阻止正在被焊接的工件与焊条10的触发端18的暴露的金属尖端19之间的紧密物理接触,而且还因为其差的导电性。
为了解决这个问题,已经提出在其制造过程中将导电保护涂层24施加到焊条10的触发端18的暴露的金属尖端19上。为此目的,在施加水性焊剂分散体形成涂层16之后但在烧制如此形成的涂覆的棒之前,通常将颗粒状石墨和无机粘合剂的水性分散体施加到该暴露的金属尖端上。当然后烧制如此形成的改性棒时,在该石墨分散体中的水蒸发并且该分散体中的无机粘合剂熔融以形成粘性粘合剂,该粘性粘合剂将单个石墨颗粒保持在触发端18的暴露金属尖端19上的适当位置。水玻璃(硅酸钠)通常被用作无机粘合剂,不仅因为其可以耐受烧制期间所涉及的高温,而且还因为它可以防止在烧制过程中触发端18的暴露的金属尖端19的氧化。同时,石墨颗粒用于向保护涂层22提供导电性,这不仅是因为它们的高导电性,而且因为一旦开始焊接它们就容易分解形成良性副产物CO2。
发明内容
根据本发明,通过形成保护涂层24金属颗粒,优选颗粒状铝和/或镁,而不是在早期技术中使用的石墨颗粒来制造以上类型的改进的手工焊条。结果,已经发现可以基本上完全避免与使用如上所述的常规尖端受保护的手工焊条相关联的某些问题,诸如在焊接开始过程中的过度骤燃(flare-up)。
因此,本发明提供了一种改进的尖端受保护的手工焊条,该手工焊条包括由焊接填充金属制成的基本上刚性的细长金属棒或金属丝,该金属棒或金属丝限定了具有暴露的金属尖端的触发端、与该触发端相反的近端以及在该触发端与该近端之间延伸的侧表面,该手工焊条进一步包括覆盖该触发端的暴露的金属尖端的保护涂层,其中该保护涂层包含粘合剂和金属颗粒。
在随后的描述、附图和权利要求中给出本发明的其他实施例、特征和方面。
详细描述
手工焊条
在电弧焊工业中使用两种基本类型的可消耗焊接焊条,连续焊条和手工焊条。
连续焊接焊条通常采用不确定长度(例如500英尺(约152米))的长金属丝或金属棒的形式,该焊条足够柔性使得它可以缠绕在供给卷轴上用于在其长度的方向上连续或半连续送进。
相比之下,手工焊条通常采用具有适宜的预定长度(例如9至18英寸(约23至46cm))的相对短的棒或丝的形式。手工焊条被连读地使用,即,使用第一手工焊条,直到它变得太短,此时将其丢弃,并且选择新的手工焊条用于进一步使用。
可以用手使用手工焊条,在这种情况下,手工焊条被夹持到附接到握持在焊工手中的焊接电源上的夹持器中。手工焊条还可以与配备有夹持组件的焊接机一起使用,其中手工焊条可拆卸地安装在这些夹持组件中。
手工焊条通常基本上是刚性的。换句话说,它们通常太刚性而不能以连续焊条的方式缠绕在供给卷轴上。
手工焊条可以由没有外部涂层的简单、实心的金属棒或金属丝组成。或者可以在其外侧表面上设置合适的涂层,例如在上述SMAW焊接焊条上发现的焊剂涂层和在某些类型的SMAW焊接焊条中还发现的纤维素材料。
手工焊条也可以由具有中空芯的金属棒或金属丝组成,该中空芯可以填充有合适的焊剂、用于与待形成的焊接金属合金化的不同金属颗粒或这两者。
本发明适用于任何类型的手工焊条,无论是涂覆的还是未涂覆的,以及是否具有实心或中空芯。
为了方便起见,下面的披露内容结合在其外侧表面上具有焊剂涂层的手工焊条来描述本发明。然而,应当理解本发明适用于任何类型的手工焊条,包括但不限于用于SMAW的那些。
棒基底
本发明的手工焊条的基础或芯是金属棒或金属丝。当本发明的手工焊条采用图1所示类型的SMAW焊条的形式时,该基础还可以包括由合适的焊接填充金属制成的实心的、基本上直的、基本上刚性的细长棒或条12。在其他实施例中,该基础可以包括具有中空芯的金属棒或金属丝,该中空芯包含合适的填充材料例如焊剂、粉末金属合金元素、陶瓷材料等。
任何类型的金属都可以用于制造这种金属棒或金属丝基础。实例包括软钢,各种铁/铬合金,例如304型、309型,各种铁/镍合金,例如SAE 2xxx,各种镍/铬合金,例如UNSN06600、N06601、N06603,各种镍合金,例如UNS N10276、UNS N06600和UNS 07718,各种铝合金,例如4043,各种钛合金,例如ASTM B348等级1,ASTM B265等级2和ASTM B265等级12等。如在焊接领域中充分理解的,用于不同工件的非自熔焊接中的焊接填充金属的特定类型和组成主要取决于制造待焊接工件的特定金属的特性。这种技术在焊接领域是众所周知的并且可以由熟练的焊接专业人员在具体情况基础上容易地确定。
形成本发明的手工焊条的基础的金属棒或金属丝的形状和尺寸不是关键的并且可以使用制造用于电弧焊接的手工焊条有效的任何形状或尺寸。然而,通常,该金属棒或金属丝将具有与常规的尖端受保护的手工焊条(例如上所述的那些)的芯棒相同的形状和尺寸。因此,该金属棒或金属丝基础典型地具有约9至18英寸(约23至46cm)的长度和约3/32至1/4英寸(约2.4至6.4mm)的直径。如果希望的话,可以使用更长和更短的长度,以及更大和更小的直径。例如,该金属棒或金属丝基础的直径可以小到1/16英寸(约1.6mm)或更小并且大到3/8英寸(约9.5mm)或更大。
而且,如在上述常规的尖端受保护的手工焊条的金属棒或金属丝基础的情况下,本发明的手工焊条的金属棒或金属丝基础限定了具有暴露的金属尖端19的触发端18、以及用于安装在焊接机中或握持在手中的相反的近端20。
焊剂涂层
在其中本发明的手工焊条采取SMAW焊接焊条的形式的那些实施例中,该焊条还以与上述常规的尖端受保护的SMAW焊接焊条相同的方式在其外部纵向表面上包括焊剂涂层16。
用于制造常规的尖端受保护的SMAW焊接焊条的任何类型的焊剂成分都可用于制造本发明的SMAW焊接焊条的焊剂涂层16。实例包括各种氟化物例如CaF2、Na3AlF6、NaF、K3AlF6,各种氧化物例如SiO2、TiO2、ZrO2、Mn2O3、Al2O3、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、CaCO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3,和各种金属成分例如Fe、Al、Ti、Si、Mn、Mo、Ni、Cr和Mg。另外,焊剂涂层16任选地还可以包括有助于形成焊缝的化学组成的金属合金粉末和化合物。
选择用于形成本实施例的本发明的SMAW焊接焊条的焊剂涂层16的焊剂和其他成分的具体类型和量取决于制造待焊接工件的具体金属、以及形成该SMAW焊接焊条的金属棒或金属丝基础的焊接填充材料的组成以及有待制造的焊缝的目标化学组成。如在选择用于本发明的特定应用中的特定焊接填充金属的情况下,选择用于形成本实施例的本发明的SMAW焊接焊条的焊剂涂层16的焊剂和其他成分的具体类型和量是基于在焊接领域中众所周知的技术并且因此可以在具体情况基础上由熟练的焊接专业人员容易地确定。
尖端保护涂层
根据本发明,本发明的手工焊条10的触发端18的尖端设置有由粘合剂和金属颗粒组成的保护涂层24。
为此目的,可以使用由基本上任何金属或金属合金制成的颗粒,这些金属或金属合金的熔化温度为至少1000°F(538℃)并且在空气中在电弧焊通常遇到的温度(例如6,500°F,3600℃)下很容易氧化。因此,例如,这些颗粒可以由金属以及金属合金(选自碱土金属粉末例如Mg、Ca、Sr和Ba)、过渡金属(例如Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo和Ag)、“其他金属”(例如Al、Sn、Pb和Bi)以及准金属(例如Sb和Te)制成。在这个背景下,特定金属的合金将被理解为表示包含至少50wt.%的该金属的合金。也可以使用这些金属颗粒的混合物。
更通常地,这些金属颗粒将由金属以及金属合金(选自碱土金属粉末例如Mg和Ca、Sr)、过渡金属(例如Va、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zr和Mo)以及“其他金属”(例如Al、Sn、Pb和Bi)制成。也可以使用这些金属颗粒的混合物。甚至更通常地,这些金属颗粒将由选自Mg、Ca、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Mo、Al、Sn、Pb和Bi的金属以及金属合金制成。同样,也可以使用这些金属颗粒的混合物。
尤其优选由Mg形成的金属和合金制成的金属颗粒、由Al形成的金属和合金制成的金属颗粒、以及此类金属颗粒的混合物。
更有趣的是由Al和包含至少80重量%的Al、更典型地至少90wt.%的Al的Al合金制成的金属颗粒。还更有趣的是由Mg和包含至少80重量%Mg、更典型地至少90wt.%Mg的Mg合金制成的金属颗粒。甚至更有趣的是由Al和Mg基金属颗粒的混合物形成的金属颗粒的批料,特别是其中Al基颗粒与Mg基颗粒的重量比为约0.2-7,更典型地为0.4-3.6,0.6-2.5,或甚至1.0-1.5的那些。
这些金属颗粒的平均粒度典型地范围在约10至600微米(0.001至0.060毫米),更典型地约40至400微米(0.040至0.400毫米),或甚至约100至325微米(0.100至0.325毫米)之间。关于最大平均粒度,如果平均粒度太大,则手工焊条根本不会引弧或将很难引弧。关于最小平均粒度,对最小平均粒度没有技术约束。另一方面,对该最小值存在实际约束,因为这些金属颗粒随着它们的平均粒度变得越来越小而变得越来越成本高昂。
除了金属颗粒,本发明的手工焊条10的保护涂层24还包括粘合剂。如在上面讨论的常规的尖端受保护的手工焊条的情况下,本发明的手工焊条的粘合剂也希望地由水玻璃(硅酸钠)制成,因为它可以耐受在烧制过程中涉及的高温,并且另外防止在烧制过程中触发端18的尖端氧化。此外,在开始焊接时其形成的分解产物不会污染所形成的焊接金属的意义上,水玻璃基本上是良性的。尽管由于这些原因,水玻璃是优选的无机粘合剂,但是还可以使用将会将保护涂层24的金属颗粒粘合到棒或丝12的触发端18的尖端上、将耐受烧制过程中遇到的温度并且也可以不污染所形成的焊缝的任何其他无机物。实例包括硅酸钙、硅酸钾、硅酸锂和胶体二氧化硅。
也可以使用有机粘合剂。实例包括糖蜜、蜂蜜、基于石油的粘合剂、基于动物和植物的胶。
用于形成保护涂层24的金属颗粒和粘合剂的相对量可以广泛变化,并且可以使用将实现本发明的目的的基本上任何相对量。因此,保护涂层24中的金属颗粒的量将基于干重(即,忽略可能存在的任何水)通常为整个保护涂层的约5-50wt.%、更典型地约10-30wt.%、15-25wt.%或甚至18-20wt.%。相反,保护涂层24中的粘合剂的量将基于干重通常为整个保护涂层的约50-95wt.%、更典型地约70-90wt.%、75-85wt.%或甚至80-82wt.%。
本发明的手工焊条可以基本上与以上讨论的常规的尖端受保护的手工焊条相同的方式制成。例如,在其中本发明的手工焊条采用SMAW焊接焊条的形式的那些实施例中,本发明的手工焊条可以通过以下方式制备:(1)将水性焊剂分散体施加到棒或丝12的纵向表面14上,(2)机械加工如此形成的涂覆的棒以除去夹持区域22中的这种涂层,并且如果希望的话,使触发端18的尖端成斜面,(3)将形成保护涂层24的水性分散体施加到触发端18的尖端上,并且然后(4)烧制如此形成的产物以使水从两种分散体中蒸发并将相应的助熔剂和保护涂层粘合在适当位置。
在这方面,可以通过任何常规技术,包括浸渍、刷涂、辊涂、幕涂等,将形成保护涂层24的水性分散体施加到丝或棒12的触发端18的尖端上。然而,最常见的是,它将通过用于制造常规的尖端受保护的SMAW焊接焊条的相同技术来施加,其中使用辊涂布装置来连续并且自动地将适当量的这种分散体从合适的供应源转移到移动穿过自动制造机器中的辊涂布装置的连续棒或丝12的尖端上。为此,希望用于形成保护涂层24的水性分散体具有10-5000cps,更通常25-2000cps,或甚至50-400cps的密度。
从上述可以看出,本发明的手工焊条与以上讨论的常规尖端受保护的手工焊条之间的主要区别在于,使用金属颗粒而不是石墨颗粒来为保护涂层24提供导电性。
由于这种区别,与用于形成常规的尖端受保护的手工焊条的保护涂层24的石墨颗粒的量相比,通常使用少得多的量的金属颗粒来形成本发明的手工焊条的保护涂层24。因此,例如,最典型地,将用于形成本发明的手工焊条的保护涂层24的金属颗粒的量将基于干重为保护涂层24的约18至20wt.%、并且几乎总是35wt.%或更少,更通常为保护涂层24的30wt.%或更少,或甚至25wt.%或更少。相比之下,用于形成常规的尖端保护的手工焊条的保护涂层24的石墨颗粒的量基于干重通常为保护涂层的约40wt.%。这意味着用于制造本发明的手工焊条的金属颗粒的量最常见地为用于制造常规SMAW的石墨颗粒的量的约一半。
作为这种区别的结果,并且进一步因为金属颗粒和石墨颗粒在其化学性质和相关反应方面的根本差异,通过本发明的手工焊条相对于其常规对应物实现了许多显著优点。
在这方面,在使用常规的尖端受保护的手工焊条,尤其是SMAW焊条过程中可能遇到的显著问题是过度的骤燃。当首先用常规焊条触发电弧时,保护涂层22中的所有石墨颗粒与空气中的氧气反应,导致产生CO2。在该反应过程中,由于从固体石墨到气态CO2的转变,发生非常大的体积增加。因为颗粒石状墨如此迅速地氧化,并且由于这种非常快速的体积增加,并且由于使用相对较大量的石墨颗粒,因此产生比正常大得多的电弧。这种称为“骤燃”的现象可能干扰适当的焊接技术,这可能最终导致形成的焊缝中的缺陷。
通过本发明的手工焊条基本上完全避免了这个问题,因为使用少得多的量的金属颗粒用于提供导电性。此外,金属颗粒被认为比石墨颗粒更慢地氧化,并且另外,通过金属颗粒、金属氧化物的氧化形成的分解产物是固体而不是气体。由于这些效应,并且进一步因为使用基本上更少量的金属颗粒,基本上完全消除了骤燃。
本发明的手工焊条的另一个优点是基本上完全消除了有害焊缝孔隙的可能性。尽管焊接专家在这个问题上存在一些争论,但一些人认为当首次使用常规尖端受保护的焊接焊条时产生的焊缝展现出增加的焊缝孔隙,这是有害的。由于常规手工焊条在约1分钟的正常焊接操作内被完全消耗,这可能代表严重的问题,因为每次使用新焊条时都会产生具有差的孔隙的焊缝。
根据本发明,还避免了这种焊缝孔隙问题,因为当使用本发明的手工焊条时,不会遇到这个问题的根本原因,即由于石墨反应形成CO2而导致的不适当的焊接技术。相反,如上所指出,用于本发明的手工焊条中的金属颗粒氧化形成金属氧化物,这些氧化物为固体而不是气体。因为这些金属氧化物与形成焊剂的金属氧化物在化学上相似(如果不相同的话),这些氧化物简单地结合并且成为将通常在焊接操作过程中存在的熔融焊剂的一部分,例如在SMAW焊接焊条的情况下通过焊剂涂层16产生的焊剂。在任何情况下,因为当用本发明的手工焊条触发电弧时不会产生过量的副产物气体,所以不会遇到与常规焊条相关的焊接孔隙问题。
尽管以上已经描述了本发明的少数几个实施例,应了解可以在不背离本发明的精神和范围下进行很多修改。所有此类修改旨在包括在将仅由以下权利要求限定的本发明的范围内。
参考号
10 手工焊条
12 芯棒
14 纵向表面
16 焊剂涂层
18 触发端
19 金属尖端
20 夹持端
22 保护涂层
24 涂层
Claims (15)
1.一种改进的尖端受保护的手工焊条(10),该手工焊条包括由焊接填充金属制成的基本刚性的细长金属棒或金属丝,该金属棒或金属丝限定具有暴露的金属尖端(19)的触发端(18)、与该触发端(18)相反的近端以及在该触发端与该近端之间延伸的侧表面,该手工焊条(10)进一步包括覆盖该触发端(18)的暴露的金属尖端(19)的保护涂层(22),其中该保护涂层(22)包含粘合剂和金属颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的手工焊条,进一步包括覆盖该金属棒或金属丝的侧表面的焊剂涂层(24)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的手工焊条,其中该金属棒或金属丝基本上是固体。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的手工焊条,其中该金属棒或金属丝的侧表面带有铜金属涂层。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的手工焊条,其中该金属棒或金属丝限定中空芯,该手工焊条进一步包括在该中空芯中的焊剂。
6.如以上任一项权利要求所述的手工焊条,其中该粘合剂是无机物。
7.如权利要求6所述的手工焊条,其中该无机粘合剂是硅酸钠。
8.如以上任一项权利要求所述的手工焊条,其中这些金属颗粒由选自由以下项组成的组的金属或金属合金制成:Mg、Ca、Sr、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zr、Mo、Al、Sn、Pb、Bi;优选地其中这些金属颗粒由选自由以下项组成的组的金属或金属合金制成:Mg、Ca、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Mo、Al、Sn、Pb和Bi;更优选其中这些金属颗粒由选自由以下项组成的组的金属或金属合金制成:Mg和Al。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的手工焊条,其中这些金属颗粒是由Al或Al的合金形成的金属颗粒以及由Mg或Mg的合金形成的金属颗粒的混合物制成。
10.如权利要求9所述的手工焊条,其中这些由Al或Al合金形成的金属颗粒与这些由Mg或Mg合金形成的金属颗粒的重量比为0.6-2.5。
11.如权利要求10所述的手工焊条,其中这些由Al或Al合金形成的金属颗粒与这些由Mg或Mg合金形成的金属颗粒的重量比为1.0-1.5。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的手工焊条,其中在该保护涂层24中的金属颗粒的量基于干重为该保护涂层的约10-30wt.%,并且进一步其中在该保护涂层中的无机粘合剂的量基于干重为该保护涂层的约70-90wt.%。
13.如权利要求12所述的手工焊条,其中在该保护涂层中的金属颗粒的量基于干重为该保护涂层的约15-25wt.%,并且进一步其中该保护涂层中的有机粘合剂的量基于干重为该保护涂层的约75-85wt.%。
14.如权利要求13所述的手工焊条,其中在该保护涂层中的金属颗粒的量基于干重为该保护涂层的约18-20wt.%,并且进一步其中该保护涂层中的有机粘合剂的量基于干重为该保护涂层的约80-82wt.%。
15.一种用于SMAW焊接的方法,其中该焊缝是由如以上权利要求之一所述的、优选地如权利要求2所述的手工焊条形成的。
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US14/714,984 US10279435B2 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2015-05-18 | Stick electrode |
US14/714,984 | 2015-05-18 | ||
PCT/IB2015/000910 WO2015189682A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2015-06-11 | Stick electrode |
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