CN106393362A - 一种绿色环保型木材防腐剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种绿色环保型木材防腐剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/007—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising nanoparticles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种绿色环保型木材防腐剂的制备方法,属于木材防腐剂技术领域。本发明以硼酸,氧化锌为原料,经壳聚糖,海藻酸钠改性制得改性硼酸锌,将其与木糖醇,纳米二氧化硅,分散于去离子水中,配置成混合料液,再从山苍子果实中提取山苍子油,最后将山苍子油与混合料液,十二烷基苯磺酸钙,苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚等混料均匀,制得绿色环保型木材防腐剂。本发明通过从天然植物山苍子中提取含有柠檬醛、香茅醛等的山苍子油与木糖醇,改性硼酸锌,纳米二氧化硅复配,提高木材防腐性能,再通过纳米二氧化硅改善防腐处理木材的抗流失性及抗老化性,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种绿色环保型木材防腐剂的制备方法,属于木材防腐剂技术领域。
背景技术
木材是一种天然有机材料,具有明显的生物特性,易被菌、虫、海生钻孔虫等生物侵袭。在使用前,根据不同的应用环境,选用合适的防腐剂,进行恰当的处理,则可以有效地延缓木材腐朽。随着人们生活水平的提高,对木材的需求量也日益增加。我国可采伐使用的森林资源十分有限,寄希望于使用大量外汇进口木材也是不现实的,立足于国内,充分利用现有资源,走可持续发展之路,是我国木材工业发展的必由之路。
当今世界通用的木材防腐剂主要是铜、铬、砷,铜胺季铵盐和铜唑等,由于铜铬砷中的砷铬都是有毒物质,易对人体造成损害,尤其是室内使用时,对人体的危害更大。现有技术中,已开始由ACQ、CA等高效低毒环保防腐剂来替代铜铬砷,现有技术中的木材防护剂都是杀菌防护成分加氨或胺类溶剂配制而成,杀菌成分和溶剂配制而成,为达到溶解铜化物并达到杀菌防护效果,氨或胺类溶剂是必不可少,这样不仅要消耗大量的溶剂,而且因为胺或氨类溶剂容易挥发而对环境造成污染。另外由于溶剂的挥发往往会把防腐剂部分组分带出而影响防腐剂的固定性能、降低杀菌杀毒效果。对木材进行防腐处理,延长木制品的使用年限,是节约木材、保护森林资源的重要途径之一,我国目前经防腐处理后使用的木材很少,且大多使用的是对人类和环境危害大的传统的木材防腐剂。因此研制和开发新型木材防腐剂是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是:本发明针对目前传统防腐剂对环境易造成污染,且抗流失性低的问题,提供了一种以硼酸,氧化锌为原料,经壳聚糖,海藻酸钠改性制得改性硼酸锌,将其与木糖醇,纳米二氧化硅,分散于去离子水中,配置成混合料液,再从山苍子果实中提取山苍子油,最后将山苍子油与混合料液,十二烷基苯磺酸钙,苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚等混料均匀,制得绿色环保型木材防腐剂的方法。本发明通过从天然植物山苍子中提取含有柠檬醛、香茅醛等的山苍子油与木糖醇,改性硼酸锌,纳米二氧化硅复配,提高木材防腐性能,再通过纳米二氧化硅改善防腐处理木材的抗流失性及抗老化性,具有广阔的应用前景。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
(1)称取4~5g硼酸,加入80~100mL去离子水中,加热至80~90℃并以300~400r/min搅拌15~20min,再加入1.0~1.2g氧化锌,继续搅拌6~8h,得混合液,向混合液中继续添加0.05~0.10g壳聚糖,0.05~0.10g海藻酸钠,持续搅拌1~2h,随后过滤,将滤渣置于干燥箱中,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,得改性硼酸锌,备用;
(2)称取3~5kg山苍子,浸泡在1~2L质量分数为1%氯化钠溶液中8~10h,再将山苍子转入打浆机中匀浆,得山苍子浆料,将山苍子浆料装入蒸馏釜中,并加入20~30L去离子水,再用300W超声波超声10~15min,随后加热至沸腾,冷凝收集并静置分层,取上层清液,得山苍子精油,备用;
(3)称取3~5g木聚糖,1~3g步骤(1)制备的改性硼酸锌,加入100~200mL去离子水中,以500~600r/min搅拌20~30min,再加入0.1~0.2g纳米二氧化硅,1.5~3.0g六偏磷酸钠,在20~25℃恒温水浴下,以400W超声波超声分散30~40min,得混合料液;
(4)量取10~20mL步骤(2)制备的山苍子精油,加入30~32mL甲醇中,以300~400r/min搅拌15~20min,再加入10~12g十二烷基苯磺酸钙,8~10g苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚,继续搅拌20~30min,随后加入40~50mL上述混合料液,在25~30℃恒温水浴下,持续搅拌1~2h,得绿色环保型木材防腐剂。
本发明的应用方法:首先将木材表面均匀打磨,再将本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂以100~150g/m2涂覆量涂刷在木材表面,待木材表面晾干后,得干燥防腐层,随后打磨防腐层表面光滑,再取50~100g防腐剂涂刷于打磨后的防腐层表面,即可。经检测,涂刷本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂可使木材防腐效果提高92~96%,具有渗透性好,抗流失性强的优点,且制备及使用过程中无毒副产物产生,符合环保理念。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂制备工艺简单,成本低,制得的防腐剂使用性能优良,且无毒、环保,适用范围宽广;
(2)本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂具有稳定性好,抗流失性强,使用量小和成本低的优点。
具体实施方式
称取4~5g硼酸,加入80~100mL去离子水中,加热至80~90℃并以300~400r/min搅拌15~20min,再加入1.0~1.2g氧化锌,继续搅拌6~8h,得混合液,向混合液中继续添加0.05~0.10g壳聚糖,0.05~0.10g海藻酸钠,持续搅拌1~2h,随后过滤,将滤渣置于干燥箱中,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,得改性硼酸锌,称取3~5kg山苍子,浸泡在1~2L质量分数为1%氯化钠溶液中8~10h,再将山苍子转入打浆机中匀浆,得山苍子浆料,将山苍子浆料装入蒸馏釜中,并加入20~30L去离子水,再用300W超声波超声10~15min,随后加热至沸腾,冷凝收集并静置分层,取上层清液,得山苍子精油,称取3~5g木聚糖,1~3g的改性硼酸锌,加入100~200mL去离子水中,以500~600r/min搅拌20~30min,再加入0.1~0.2g纳米二氧化硅,1.5~3.0g六偏磷酸钠,在20~25℃恒温水浴下,以400W超声波超声分散30~40min,得混合料液;量取10~20mL的山苍子精油,加入30~32mL甲醇中,以300~400r/min搅拌15~20min,再加入10~12g十二烷基苯磺酸钙,8~10g苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚,继续搅拌20~30min,随后加入40~50mL上述混合料液,在25~30℃恒温水浴下,持续搅拌1~2h,得绿色环保型木材防腐剂。
实例1
称取4g硼酸,加入80mL去离子水中,加热至80℃并以300r/min搅拌15min,再加入1.0g氧化锌,继续搅拌6h,得混合液,向混合液中继续添加0.05g壳聚糖,0.05g海藻酸钠,持续搅拌1h,随后过滤,将滤渣置于干燥箱中,在105℃下干燥至恒重,得改性硼酸锌,称取3kg山苍子,浸泡在1L质量分数为1%氯化钠溶液中8h,再将山苍子转入打浆机中匀浆,得山苍子浆料,将山苍子浆料装入蒸馏釜中,并加入20L去离子水,再用300W超声波超声10min,随后加热至沸腾,冷凝收集并静置分层,取上层清液,得山苍子精油,称取3g木聚糖,1g的改性硼酸锌,加入100mL去离子水中,以500r/min搅拌20min,再加入0.1g纳米二氧化硅,1.5g六偏磷酸钠,在20℃恒温水浴下,以400W超声波超声分散30min,得混合料液;量取10mL的山苍子精油,加入30mL甲醇中,以300r/min搅拌15min,再加入10g十二烷基苯磺酸钙,8g苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚,继续搅拌20min,随后加入40mL上述混合料液,在25℃恒温水浴下,持续搅拌1h,得绿色环保型木材防腐剂。
首先将木材表面均匀打磨,再将本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂以100g/m2涂刷在木材表面,待木材表面晾干后,打磨防腐层表面光滑,再取50g重量的防腐剂涂刷于打磨后的防腐层表面,即可。经检测,涂刷本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂可使木材防腐效果提高92%,具有渗透性好,抗流失性强的优点,且制备及使用过程中无毒副产物生产,符合环保理念。
实例2
称取5g硼酸,加入100mL去离子水中,加热至90℃并以400r/min搅拌20min,再加入1.2g氧化锌,继续搅拌8h,得混合液,向混合液中继续添加0.10g壳聚糖,0.05g海藻酸钠,持续搅拌2h,随后过滤,将滤渣置于干燥箱中,在110℃下干燥至恒重,得改性硼酸锌,称取5kg山苍子,浸泡在2L质量分数为1%氯化钠溶液中10h,再将山苍子转入打浆机中匀浆,得山苍子浆料,将山苍子浆料装入蒸馏釜中,并加入30L去离子水,再用300W超声波超声15min,随后加热至沸腾,冷凝收集并静置分层,取上层清液,得山苍子精油,称取5g木聚糖,3g的改性硼酸锌,加入200mL去离子水中,以600r/min搅拌30min,再加入0.2g纳米二氧化硅,3.0g六偏磷酸钠,在25℃恒温水浴下,以400W超声波超声分散40min,得混合料液;量取20mL的山苍子精油,加入32mL甲醇中,以400r/min搅拌20min,再加入12g十二烷基苯磺酸钙,10g苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚,继续搅拌30min,随后加入50mL上述混合料液,在30℃恒温水浴下,持续搅拌2h,得绿色环保型木材防腐剂。
首先将木材表面均匀打磨,再将本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂以150g/m2涂刷在木材表面,待木材表面晾干后,打磨防腐层表面光滑,再取100g重量的防腐剂涂刷于打磨后的防腐层表面,即可。经检测,涂刷本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂可使木材防腐效果提高96%,具有渗透性好,抗流失性强的优点,且制备及使用过程中无毒副产物生产,符合环保理念。
实例3
称取5g硼酸,加入90mL去离子水中,加热至85℃并以350r/min搅拌18min,再加入1.1g氧化锌,继续搅拌7h,得混合液,向混合液中继续添加0.08g壳聚糖,0.08g海藻酸钠,持续搅拌2h,随后过滤,将滤渣置于干燥箱中,在108℃下干燥至恒重,得改性硼酸锌,称取4kg山苍子,浸泡在2L质量分数为1%氯化钠溶液中9h,再将山苍子转入打浆机中匀浆,得山苍子浆料,将山苍子浆料装入蒸馏釜中,并加入25L去离子水,再用300W超声波超声13min,随后加热至沸腾,冷凝收集并静置分层,取上层清液,得山苍子精油,称取4g木聚糖,2g的改性硼酸锌,加入150mL去离子水中,以550r/min搅拌25min,再加入0.2g纳米二氧化硅,1.8g六偏磷酸钠,在23℃恒温水浴下,以400W超声波超声分散35min,得混合料液;量取15mL的山苍子精油,加入31mL甲醇中,以350r/min搅拌18min,再加入11g十二烷基苯磺酸钙,9g苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚,继续搅拌25min,随后加入45mL上述混合料液,在28℃恒温水浴下,持续搅拌2h,得绿色环保型木材防腐剂。
首先将木材表面均匀打磨,再将本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂以125g/m2涂刷在木材表面,待木材表面晾干后,打磨防腐层表面光滑,再取75g重量的防腐剂涂刷于打磨后的防腐层表面,即可。经检测,涂刷本发明制备的绿色环保型木材防腐剂可使木材防腐效果提高94%,具有渗透性好,抗流失性强的优点,且制备及使用过程中无毒副产物生产,符合环保理念。
Claims (1)
1.一种绿色环保型木材防腐剂的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)称取4~5g硼酸,加入80~100mL去离子水中,加热至80~90℃并以300~400r/min搅拌15~20min,再加入1.0~1.2g氧化锌,继续搅拌6~8h,得混合液,向混合液中继续添加0.05~0.10g壳聚糖,0.05~0.10g海藻酸钠,持续搅拌1~2h,随后过滤,将滤渣置于干燥箱中,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,得改性硼酸锌,备用;
(2)称取3~5kg山苍子,浸泡在1~2L质量分数为1%氯化钠溶液中8~10h,再将山苍子转入打浆机中匀浆,得山苍子浆料,将山苍子浆料装入蒸馏釜中,并加入20~30L去离子水,再用300W超声波超声10~15min,随后加热至沸腾,冷凝收集并静置分层,取上层清液,得山苍子精油,备用;
(3)称取3~5g木聚糖,1~3g步骤(1)制备的改性硼酸锌,加入100~200mL去离子水中,以500~600r/min搅拌20~30min,再加入0.1~0.2g纳米二氧化硅,1.5~3.0g六偏磷酸钠,在20~25℃恒温水浴下,以400W超声波超声分散30~40min,得混合料液;
(4)量取10~20mL步骤(2)制备的山苍子精油,加入30~32mL甲醇中,以300~400r/min搅拌15~20min,再加入10~12g十二烷基苯磺酸钙,8~10g苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚,继续搅拌20~30min,随后加入40~50mL上述混合料液,在25~30℃恒温水浴下,持续搅拌1~2h,得绿色环保型木材防腐剂。
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