CN106385908A - Application method of special compound fertilizer for rape - Google Patents
Application method of special compound fertilizer for rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN106385908A CN106385908A CN201610041565.3A CN201610041565A CN106385908A CN 106385908 A CN106385908 A CN 106385908A CN 201610041565 A CN201610041565 A CN 201610041565A CN 106385908 A CN106385908 A CN 106385908A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application method of a special compound fertilizer for rape. The method comprises the following steps: applying the compound fertilizer to the farmland in one growth cycle of the rape, and the compound fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, and is characterized in that the application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the unit area of the farmland is defined in the description, wherein the CorpK-out is the mass of the potassium brought by harvest of the rape in the unit area of the farmland from the farmland, EnvK-in is the mass of potassium entering the unit area of the farmland from the environment, the RatK-out is the loss rate of the potassium in the unit area of the farmland, alpha is an application correction coefficient of the potassium fertilizer, and the alpha is equal to a value obtained by dividing the standard quick-acting potassium content by the farmland soil quick-acting potassium content. According to the technical scheme, the fertilizer application amount recommended by the method can supplement nutrients absorbed by the rape during the growth period of the rape and also supplement the soil nutrients lost during the growth period of the rape, so that the balance of soil nutrients is kept; the continuous supply capacity of the soil is maintained, and the high yield and the stable yield of the rape are ensured.
Description
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to agriculture field, in particular it relates to application process of complex fertilizer special for cole material.
Background technology
Brassica campestris L (Brassica napus L.) is the plant that Cruciferae harvests seed oil expression, its strong adaptability,
Purposes is wide, economic worth is high, development potentiality is big.China's Cultivated rapeseed is with a long history, and sown area is wide,
Yield is many.1949 Nian Shi China rapeseed cultivation areas are only 1,560,000 hectares, per unit area yield 407kg/hm2, its
Annual cultivated area, per unit area yield and total producing are continuously increased, by China's rape seed area in 2012 afterwards
Reach 7,430,000 hectares, be 4.76 times in 1949；Per unit area yield reaches 1401kg/hm2, it is 3.44 in 1949
Times.Brassica campestris L is the more oil crop of liquid manure demand.Wherein, nitrogen be protein in Brassica campestris L organ,
The constituent of the gas chromatography matter such as chlorophyll, during nitrogen stress, Chlorophyll in Rape content declines, and growth is slow
Slowly, yield declines, and economic characters are poor；Phosphorus element is the indispensable nutriment of protein synthesis, and applying phosphorus can increase
The plasmic viscosity of refinement born of the same parents and elasticity, promote rape root to develop, and enhancing Brassica campestris L is cold-resistant, drought-resistant ability,
Grain Ripening is made to do sth. in advance, seed oil content increases；Potassium can promote the fascicular growth of Brassica campestris L, strengthens light
Cooperation is used, and increases Cell sap concentration, increases the intensity of collenchyma, improves lodging tolerance.But at present
More peasant, when Brassica campestris L applies fertilizer, leans on experience, leads to Semen Brassicae campestriss yield unstable and low.Certain areas exist
The total insufficient investment of fertilizer and fertilizers input excess the problem deposited, heavy dressing nitrogen light phosphorus potassium, cause soil nutrient
The problem of imbalance.Chemical fertilizer administration is improper to easily cause nutritional disorder, soil compaction, soil fertility decline, system
About the improvement of the raising of yield of rape and quality.Therefore, it is necessary to invention is a kind of oily according to zones of different
The application process of the compound fertilizer special of dish, to ensure soil environment secular equilibrium, maintains yield of Brassica napus L steady
Produce, preserve the ecological environment.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of application process of complex fertilizer special for cole material, the method operability
By force, be easily mastered, popularization and application are simple, for region Brassica campestris L apply fertilizers scientifically formula formulation provide theoretical according to
According to realizing agronomy formula and industrial combination, make China's manure resources efficient utilization, Brassica campestris L stable yields
High yield, simultaneously facilitates grain security, environmental conservation and agricultural sustainable development.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of application process of complex fertilizer special for cole material, should
Method includes：In a growth cycle of Brassica campestris L, farmland is carried out with the administration of compound fertilizer, described multiple
Hefei material includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；It is characterized in that, the applying of the potash fertilizer of described farmland unit area
ConsumptionWherein, CorpK-outBrassica campestris L for described farmland unit area
Harvest the quality of the potassium in taken out of farmland, EnvK-inIt is the quality of the potassium from environment entrance unit area farmland,
RatK-outFor the loss rate of described unit area farmland potassium, described α is Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient, described
α=standard quick-acting potassium content/agricultural land soil quick-acting potassium content.
Preferably, described CorpK-out=YieK-out+StrK-out, wherein, YieK-outFor described farmland unit
The quality of the potassium that the rape harvest economic flow rate of area is taken out of, StrK-outFor described unit area farmland straw
Stalk contains the quality of potassium, and described economic flow rate refers to the yield of cutting in farmland, and described cutting is Semen Brassicae campestriss.
Preferably, described CorpK-out=UptK-out-RetK-in, wherein, UptK-outFor described unit area
The quality of total potassium of the Absorption of Rape in farmland, RetK-inStraw-returning for described unit area farmland
The quality of potassium.
Preferably, described YieK-out=Yield × NutK-yie, described StrK-out=Straw × NutK-str, its
In, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland, NutK-yieFor described unit area
Farmland forms the quality of the potassium in the described cutting of every 1kg, and Straw is described unit area farmland
Straw yield, NutK-strForm the quality of the potassium in the straw of every 1kg for described unit area farmland.
Preferably, described UptK-out=Yield × NutK-need, described RetK-in=Straw × Ratstr×
NutK-str, wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland, NutK-needFor institute
State the quality that unit area farmland forms the potassium that every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needs, Straw is described list
Plane amasss the straw yield in farmland, RatstrFor the straw-returning rate in described unit area farmland, NutK-str
Form the quality of the potassium in every 1kg straw for described unit area farmland.
Preferably, described EnvK-inFor 0-40kg/hm2, described RatK-outFor 0-20%.
Preferably, described CorpK-outFor 10-180kg/hm2.
Preferably, the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of described farmland unit area
Wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland, NutN-needFor described unit plane
Long-pending farmland forms the quality of the nitrogen that every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needs, described EnvN-inIt is to enter from environment
The quality of the nitrogen in unit area farmland, described RatN-outLoss rate for described unit area farmland nitrogen.
Preferably, the Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert of described farmland unit areaP=β × Yield × NutP-Need,
Wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland, NutP-needFor described unit plane
Long-pending farmland forms the quality of the phosphorus that every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needs, and described β corrects system for phosphate fertilizer
Number, the mean temperature of described β=basic standard temperature/in the farmland growth of rape cycle.
Preferably, the method also includes：Described compound fertilizer is administered as base manure with topdressing.
By technique scheme, the dose that the inventive method is recommended both can replenish growth of rape
The Nutrient Absorption of period, has also supplied the nutrient loss of soil during growth of rape, thus keeping soil to support
Point balance, maintain soil to continue deliverability it is ensured that yield of Brassica napus L, stable yields.The present invention works out Brassica campestris L
Composite fertilizer special material formula is it is achieved that formula development is from obfuscation, qualitatively to precision, quantification
Change.Meanwhile, science, fertilizer formula method for making and subscribing that is simple, accurately, easily grasping can be set up, be area
Domain complex fertilizer special for cole material formula is worked out provides theoretical foundation, promotes agronomy formula to tie with commercial production phase
Close, realize China's manure resources efficient utilization, grain security, environmental conservation and agricultural sustainable development,
Saved cost simultaneously, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Brief description
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of description, with
Detailed description below is used for explaining the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.?
In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is K Amounts and yield of rape graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and yield of rape graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is K Amounts and yield of rape graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and yield of rape graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is K Amounts and yield of rape graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 6 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and yield of rape graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that
Specific embodiment described herein is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of application process of complex fertilizer special for cole material, and the method includes：In Brassica campestris L
In one growth cycle, farmland is carried out with the administration of compound fertilizer, described compound fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus
Fertilizer and potash fertilizer；It is characterized in that, the amount of application of the potash fertilizer of described farmland unit area Wherein, CorpK-outRape harvest taken out of farmland by farmland unit area
The quality of potassium, EnvK-inIt is the quality of the potassium from environment entrance unit area farmland, RatK-outFor unit face
The loss rate of long-pending farmland potassium, α is Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient, α=standard quick-acting potassium content/agricultural land soil speed
Effect potassium content.
According to the present invention, the growth cycle of Brassica campestris L is from the time used by gathering in that is seeded into.Unit area
Amount of application (the Fert of potash fertilizerK) it is, in a growth cycle of Brassica campestris L, potassium is applied to the Brassica campestris L of unit area
Fertile total quality.
According to the present invention, available potassium is also known as effective potassium, refers to can be directly absorbed and used rapidly in soil
Potassium, the main exchangeable potassium including absorption on free potassium ion in the soil liquid and soil colloid, the latter
Account for more than 90%.Its content is because being applied fertilizer, substrate, weather conditions etc. affect, and change is very big, Ke Yicong
1mg/kg to 800mg/kg.The content of available potassium is gradually reduced by north orientation south, has obvious zonality special
Levy.Measuring soil effective K content and typically adopting ammonium acetate solution is digestion agent, makes ammonium ion and soil
The potassium ion of colloid surface swaps, and enters solution together with water-soluble potassium ion, in leachate
Potassium can directly use flame photometric determination.Further, it is also possible to digestion agent is made using sodium nitrate solution, leach
Potassium ion in liquid and sodium tetraphenylborate react generation white precipitate, according to the turbidity of solution, using than turbid
Method measures the content of potassium.Those skilled in the art are suitable in the face of choosing when measuring soil effective K content
Suitable method, the present invention is not therefore restricted.
The K supplying potentiality of soil is decided by soil parent material, weathering condition and tillage control measure etc..China's soil
Although K supplying potentiality difference is very big, also there is the obvious zonality regularity of distribution.The low soil of K supplying potentiality
Earth is distributed mainly on the Changjiang river areas to the south, and particularly South China is widely distributed, and this is mainly due to this place
Area's temperature is high, rainfall is big, and soil weathering degree is high, leaching is strong, causes some to be rich in the primary ore of potassium
Thing decomposes totally.This kind of soil is the minimum soil of potassium uptake in China's zonal soil, this place in addition
Intensive agriculture degree in area's is high, and soil potassium consumes greatly, is therefore that China crop potassium deficiency symptom first
With the area of earliest application of potash fertilizer, it is also potash fertilizer high efficient district at present.The loess of the Northwest, black mature soil,
The moisture soil in North China, cinnamon soil etc. are weaker due to soil weathering and leaching, and sand grains is rich in Anhydrite, Muscovitum, cosmid
Rich in hydromica, Clay Minerals And Clay Oxides based on the stronger Vermiculitum of K fixation capacity, montmorillonite etc., therefore soil institute
The potassium ion of sticking is more, is China's K supplying potentiality highest soil." national soil fertility is imitated with fertilizer
The Long term fertilization trial research of beneficial long term monitoring base complex " shows, general soils in south china (Chongqing purple,
Red Soils in Hunan Province and Zhejiang rice soil) continuous 3-5 not application of potash fertilizer, crop yield will be significantly affected；
On Beijing Aqui-cinnamon soil, Henan moisture soil, continuous 10 years about not potassium application can ensure that crop yield does not have
It is decreased obviously, but the obvious underproduction of 10 years ensuing crops；Black soil of Northeast China continuous 10-15 not potassium application, can
Ensure the crop not underproduction, but potash fertilizer should be supplemented afterwards；Xinjiang desert grey soil and Shaanxi loess in soil richness potassium
On, can the not potassium application crop not underproduction in continuous more than 15 years.But although crop yield is not substantially
Reduce, each department farmland potassium apparent equilibrium is negative value, potassium deficit is more.The expenditure of potassium is more than throws
Enter, it wanes and partly obviously relies on soil repeats itself, is provided by soil, that is, rely on Potassium in Soils usually to tie up
Hold certain yield, thus the balance of payment position of agricultural land soil potassium, will reflect in soil potassium fertility level
Growth and decline on.For maintaining and improving soil potassium continuous capability, make crop obtain stable high yield, also should fill
The equilibrium problem of dispensing meaning soil potassium.But, as higher in northern area soil potassium content, Soil Potassium
Potentiality are high, the abundant resources that soil is contained to make full use of it is impossible to put into just to potassium and
The balance of output and a large amount of application of potash fertilizer.Therefore, the vendor selection according to local soil, with Soil Available
Potassium content be with reference to carry out carrying out again the administration of potash fertilizer after the rectification of farmland Potassium Fertilizer both can abundant profit
With soil potassium, maintain and improve the lasting deliverability of soil potassium, high crop yield stable yields can be kept again；
Described Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient α=standard quick-acting potassium content/agricultural land soil quick-acting potassium content.Wherein, root
According to the practical situation to the demand rule of potassium and local agricultural land soil for the Brassica campestris L, described standard quick-acting potassium content
Can be 80-120mg/kg.
According to the present invention, the quality (Corp of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of rape harvest of farmland unit areaK-out)
Quality (the Yie of the potassium that the rape harvest economic flow rate of farmland unit area is taken out of can be includedK-out) and
Unit area farmland stalk contains the quality (Str of potassiumK-out), i.e. CorpK-out=YieK-out+StrK-out；Wherein,
Economic flow rate refers to the yield of cutting in farmland, and cutting is Semen Brassicae campestriss.
According to the present invention, the quality of the potassium that the rape harvest economic flow rate of farmland unit area is taken out of
(YieK-out) can be according to the every 1kg of formation in the economic flow rate (Yield) of the Brassica campestris L in unit area farmland
Cutting in potassium quality (NutK-yie) try to achieve, i.e. YieK-out=Yield × NutK-yie；StrK-out
Can be according to the potassium in the straw forming every 1kg in the straw yield (Straw) in unit area farmland
Quality (NutK-str) try to achieve, i.e. StrK-out=Straw × NutK-str.
According to the present invention, the quality (Corp of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of rape harvest of farmland unit areaK-out)
Can also be the quality (Upt of total potassium of Absorption of Rape in unit area farmlandK-out) and unit area agriculture
Quality (the Ret of the potassium of the straw-returning in fieldK-in) difference, i.e. CorpK-out=UptK-out-RetK-in.
According to the present invention, the quality (Upt of total potassium of the Absorption of Rape in unit area farmlandK-out) permissible
Forming every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate in the economic flow rate (Yield) of the Brassica campestris L according to unit area farmland needs
Quality (the Nut of the potassium wantedK-need), i.e. UptK-out=Yield × NutK-need.The straw in unit area farmland
Quality (the Ret of the potassium in stalk also fieldK-in) can be according in the straw yield (Straw) in unit area farmland
Unit area farmland forms the quality (Nut of the potassium in every 1kg strawK-str) with the straw in unit area farmland
Stalk also field rate (Ratstr) long-pending calculating, i.e. RetK-in=Straw × Ratstr×NutK-str.
Research shows, potassium focuses mostly in the straw of Brassica campestris L.Straw needs more as transport organ
Potassium ion is to promote the transport of light and product and to keep the upright of straw and resistance.Therefore, straw-returning pair
In soil, the content impact of potassium is obvious.
According to the present invention, enter the quality (Env of the potassium in unit area farmland from environmentK-in) can include
Input the quality of the potassium in farmland by dry/wet deposition.Dry deposition refers to atmospheric falling dust and directly falls to entering in native watchband
Potassium quality, wet deposition refer to air include potassium contained by total suspended particles with precipitation enter soil-
The amount of Brassica campestris L system.By dry/wet deposition input farmland potassium content relatively low it is preferable that entering from environment
Quality (the Env of the potassium in unit area farmlandK-in) can be 0-40kg/hm2.
According to the present invention, potassium can pass through runoff and/or leaching loss, but removes some organoclays, subsoil water
Outside the soil that the higher sandy soil in position or excessive fertilization lead to soil to be in rich potassium state, potassium in leaching water
Concentration relatively low, with runoff loss be agricultural land soil potassium loss approach.The carrier of potassium loss is mainly mud
Sand, is affected greatly by rainfall intensity, and rainfall is strong, and potassium loss dramatically increases, and fertilization mode damages to potassium and potassium
Vector impact is less.This season utilization rate of potash fertilizer is very low, normally only accounts for the 7.3%～20.1% of this season dose,
The overwhelming majority remains in soil, and the more, soil available nitrogen storage capacity is bigger for the fertilizer in residual soil,
Soil Potassium ability is also stronger.Residual soil in potassium after season Brassica campestris L can continue with.The accumulation of potassium utilizes
Rate can surpass more than 85%.Therefore, the loss rate (Rat of unit area farmland potassiumK-out) can be 0-20%.
According to the present invention, the quality (Corp of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of rape harvest of farmland unit areaK-out)
According to the edaphic condition of different regions, the growing state of Brassica campestris L and straw-returning situation, can be 10-180
kg/hm2.
According to the present invention, the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of farmland unit area
Wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Brassica campestris L in unit area farmland, NutN-needFor unit area farmland shape
Become the quality of the nitrogen of every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needs, EnvN-inIt is to enter unit area agriculture from environment
The quality of the nitrogen in field, RatN-outFor the loss rate of unit area farmland nitrogen, the administration of the nitrogenous fertilizer of unit area
Amount (FertN) be the Brassica campestris L applied nitrogen to unit area in a growth cycle of Brassica campestris L total matter
Amount.
According to the present invention, enter the quality (Env of the nitrogen in unit area farmland from environmentN-in) can include
Input the quality of the nitrogen in farmland by dry/wet deposition.Dry deposition refers to atmospheric falling dust and directly falls to entering in native watchband
Nitrogen quality, wet deposition refer to air include nitrogen contained by total suspended particles with precipitation enter soil-
The amount of Brassica campestris L system.Described EnvN-inCan be according to the Brassica campestris L of the not fertilizer treatment of soil Long term fertilization trial
Absorbing nitrogen amount is estimated.
According to the present invention, the loss access of nitrogen mainly includes gaseous loss, leaching of nitrate and runoff to be damaged
Lose.Research shows, under conditions of being conducive to ammonia volatilization, because the nitrogen of volatilization loss accounts for total amount of nitrogen
9%-42%, becomes the important of nitrogen loss or main path.The leaching loss of nitrogen refer to nitrogen in soil with
Water migrates downward into below arable layer, thus the nitrogen loss caused by can not being absorbed by rape root.Runoff
Loss is the major reason causing surface water nitrate pollution and body eutrophication, carries out in southern Jiangsu rice region
Observation shows, the runoff loss of nitrogen can reach 45kg/hm2.The loss rate of unit area farmland nitrogen
(RatN-out) can by assuming that Long term fertilization trial nitrogen is in state in a basic balance and is estimated,
For example, the loss rate (Rat of unit area farmland nitrogenN-out) computing formula can be
According to the present invention, the Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert of farmland unit areaP=β × Yield × NutP-Need,
Wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Brassica campestris L in unit area farmland, NutP-needFor unit area farmland shape
Become the quality of the phosphorus of every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needs, β is phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient, β=basis mark
The mean temperature of quasi- temperature/in the farmland growth of rape cycle；Wherein, the amount of application (Fert of the phosphate fertilizer of unit areaP)
It is, in a growth cycle of Brassica campestris L, total quality of phosphate fertilizer is applied to the Brassica campestris L of unit area.
Though soil is phosphorous many, and can for plant directly utilize few, the overwhelming majority is in insoluble inorganic
Exist with organic phosphorus compound.Though the needs to phosphorus for the high-yield plant can be met using phosphate fertilizer, in soil easily
It is fixed to indissoluble state phosphorus, utilization rate is very low.The phosphorus of these invalid forms can turn under microbial action again
It is changed into the available nutriment of plant.Soil phosphorus form transformation and its effectiveness not only with fertilising, farming etc.
Agronomic measures are relevant, and strongly affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, precipitation.Temperature change is passed through to make
Indirectly impact is produced on available phosphoruss change for microorganism, plant etc..Temperature is that impact soil microorganism is lived
Main Factors of property, and microorganism has important function to soil phosphorus form transformation, temperature is too high and mistake
Low all by microbiostatic activity, thus affecting soil P availability.Therefore, with local temperature for ginseng
The administration carrying out phosphate fertilizer after shining into the rectification of row farmland phosphate fertilizer more both can make full use of soil phosphorus,
Maintain and improve the lasting deliverability of soil phosphorus, high crop yield stable yields can be kept again；Phosphate fertilizer is rectified
The mean temperature of positive coefficient β=basic standard temperature/in the farmland growth of rape cycle.Wherein, basic standard temperature
Spend needed for the growth of Brassica campestris L, the phosphorus element in soil can be made to play the preference temperature of its effectiveness, for example,
Basic standard temperature can be 20-25 DEG C.
According to the present invention, it is considered to the growth characteristic of region and Brassica campestris L when described compound fertilizer is administered
And uptake characters, compound fertilizer can disposably apply it is also possible to apply respectively as base manure and topdressing.
Base manure is base fertilizer again, is the fertilizer applied before sowing or transplanting, it is mainly supplied with Brassica campestris L and entirely grows
Interim required nutrient, is that rape growth creates good edaphic condition, also have improved soil,
The effect of culture fertility.The effect topdressed is primarily to supply certain growth period of Brassica campestris L is big to nutrient
Amount needs, or supplements the deficiency of base manure.By calculating nitrogenous fertilizer in compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium respectively
Fertile amount of application, can get the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer in compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, further according to base manure
Proportion, is multiplied with the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer, you can obtain base manure
In nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer administration proportioning.
Further illustrate the present invention below by embodiment.
According to China's Brassica campestris L distribution situation and rapeseed cultivation industry zoning, simultaneously with soil types, gas in region
The relative uniformities such as time condition, planting system and the integrity as far as possible keeping basic county domain administration regional boundary, have
It is principle beneficial to compound fertilizer formula zoning practicality, China is divided into 6 complex fertilizer special for cole material
Recipe field, respectively：Spring rape area (include Qinghai, in Hexi Corridor and Gansu Province, the Inner Mongol, Xinjiang,
Heilungkiang, Ningxia, Liaoning, Tibet and Sichuan Province's Chuanxibei Plateau etc.), the Yellow River and Huai He River winter rape area (includes
Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Guanzhong, Shanxi and Wei Bei), THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area is (in inclusion
Sea, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu), Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area (includes Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei), long
Jiang Shangyou winter rape area (includes Sichuan Province's (except Chuanxibei Plateau), Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shan
The west and south, Longnan of Gansu Province city) and south China winter rape area (including Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi).Choose length
Jiang Shangyou winter rape area, Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area, as a example THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment taking Upper Yangtze River winter rape area as a example, according to local environmental condition and 2005-2010
The statistical data of year local yield of rape, Brassica campestris L target output is 2152kg/hm2, 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss
Need potassium amount be 7.62kg.The straw yield of actual field investigation is 1521kg/hm2, straw-returning rate
Quality for the potassium in 59.0%, 100kg straw is 2.29kg.
The quick-acting potassium content in Upper Yangtze River winter rape area is 90.6mg/kg, with soil available nitrogen 100mg/kg
On the basis of, then the Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient in Upper Yangtze River winter rape area is 1.10.
Enter the quality of potassium in unit area farmland from environment and the loss rate of potassium is ignored.
Then according to formula：
Calculate potash fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L K Amounts FertK=1.10 × (2152 × 7.62/100-
1521 × 59.0% × 2.29/100)=157.8kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of potash fertilizer of Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 157.8kg/hm2.
The phosphorus amount that needs of Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss is 2.17kg；Period of duration average air
Temperature is 13.9 DEG C.Consider three base point temperature of Brassica campestris L and the optimum temperature of Brassica campestris L Nutrient Absorption etc., select
Standard temperature based on 22.5 DEG C, then Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient be
1.62.
Then according to formula：
FertP=β × Yield × NutP-NeedCalculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L Phosphorus fertilizer usage FertP=1.62 × 2152 × 2.17/100
=75.7kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of phosphate fertilizer of Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 75.7kg/hm2.
The nitrogen requirement of Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss is 4.43kg；According on the Changjiang river
The not fertilizer treatment of trip winter rape area Long term fertilization trial estimates that the input quantity of environment nitrogen is 47.8
kg/hm2.Simultaneously it is assumed that Long term fertilization trial nitrogen is in state in a basic balance and carries out estimating nitrogen loss
Rate is 36.6%.
Then according to formula：
Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
I.e. the suitable amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer of Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 75.0kg/hm2.
Upper Yangtze River winter rape area oil be can determine according to Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L recommended fertilizer
N, P needed for dish2O5、K2O ratio is 1:1.01:2.10.The national compound fertilizer standard (GB15063) of cooperation
It is 10-10-20 that requirement can develop Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L high concentration composite fertilizer special material formula.Root
Account for 50.0% according to Upper Yangtze River winter rape area local farmers fertilizer practice nitrogenous fertilizer base manure, topdressing accounts for 50.0%,
Then Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L high concentration compound fertilizer special base manure formula is 5-10-20.
Testing example 1
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Beibei, chongqing area, chooses
10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, respectively 10 pieces tested
Compound fertilizer is applied in field, and wherein, as shown in table 1, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer divides the amount of application of potash fertilizer
Wei not 75.0kg/hm2And 75.7kg/hm2.Other field management are with locality farmland.Harvest after Brassica campestris L maturation
Meter produces.Draw K Amounts and yield of rape graph of relation (as Fig. 1) in compound fertilizer.Brassica campestris L is received
Carry out the mensure of soil available nitrogen content after obtaining.
Table 1
| Experimental plot is numbered | K Amounts (kg/hm in compound fertilizer2) | Yield of rape (kg/hm2) |
| 1 | 110 | 1496 |
| 2 | 120 | 1629 |
| 3 | 130 | 1703 |
| 4 | 140 | 1876 |
| 5 | 150 | 2013 |
| 6 | 160 | 2160 |
| 7 | 170 | 2165 |
| 8 | 180 | 2168 |
| 9 | 190 | 2164 |
| 10 | 200 | 2161 |
By table 1 and Fig. 1 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with
The increase of K Amounts, yield of rape is gradually increasing, be 160kg/hm when applying potassium amount2, Brassica campestris L
Up to higher value, after K Amounts exceed this value, yield of rape keeps stable to yield.Test gained
Suitable K Amounts are close with the K Amounts that the method according to the invention calculates gained, and this is described
Bright method can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification potash fertilizer administration, workable, is beneficial to
Popularization and application.
In addition, being measured to the Soil Available potassium content after rape harvest, it is 160 in institute's potassium application amount
kg/hm2Experimental plot record Soil Available potassium content be 97.0mg/kg, with test front experimental plot quick-acting
Potassium content is basically identical, illustrates that the amount of potassium applied recommended using this method had both been supplemented during growth of rape
Potassium absorbtivity, also supplied the potassium loss amount of soil during growth of rape, maintained the potassium balance of soil,
Soil is maintained persistently to supply the ability of potassium it is ensured that yield of Brassica napus L, stable yields.
Testing example 2
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Beibei, chongqing area, chooses
10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, respectively 10 pieces tested
Compound fertilizer is applied in field, and wherein, as shown in table 2, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer divides the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer
Wei not 157.8kg/hm2And 75.0kg/hm2.Other field management are with locality farmland.Receive after Brassica campestris L maturation
Obtain meter to produce.Draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and yield of rape graph of relation (as Fig. 2) in compound fertilizer.
Table 2
| Experimental plot is numbered | Phosphorus fertilizer usage (kg/hm in compound fertilizer2) | Yield of rape (kg/hm2) |
| 1 | 50 | 1428 |
| 2 | 55 | 1611 |
| 3 | 60 | 1753 |
| 4 | 65 | 1887 |
| 5 | 70 | 2056 |
| 6 | 75 | 2155 |
| 7 | 80 | 2158 |
| 8 | 85 | 2157 |
| 9 | 90 | 2162 |
| 10 | 95 | 2164 |
By table 2 and Fig. 2 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with
The increase of Phosphorus fertilizer usage, yield of rape is gradually increasing, be 75kg/hm when applying phosphate fertilizer amount2When,
Up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value, yield of rape keeps stable to yield of rape.Test institute
The Phosphorus fertilizer usage that the suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage obtaining calculates gained with the method according to the invention is close, explanation
The method of the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification phosphate fertilizer administration, workable,
Beneficial to popularization and application.
Testing example 3
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Beibei, chongqing area, chooses
3 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, wherein, first piece of test
Field carries out not fertilizer treatment, and being commonly combined of universal formula " 15-15-15 " is applied in second piece of experimental plot
(China-Arab Fertilizer Co., Ltd produces fertilizer, N：P2O5：K2O=15:15:15), the 3rd piece
The formula that experimental plot applies that the inventive method obtains is the Upper Yangtze River winter rape area Brassica campestris L of " 10-10-20 "
Compound fertilizer special；Second piece and the 3rd piece of total compound fertilizer amount of application is equal, is 750kg/hm2,
Wherein, nutrient fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer) amount of application is：(10+10+20)
/ 100 × 750=300kg/hm2.Nutrients uptake amounts (nitrogen, phosphorus, total suction of potassium of every 100kg yield of rape
Receipts amount) it is 12.79kg.Other field management are with locality farmland.Harvest meter after Brassica campestris L maturation to produce.Result
It is shown in Table 3.Wherein, it is calculated as follows fertilizer Apparent Availability：
Table 3
| Experimental plot is numbered | Yield of rape (kg/hm2) | Fertilizer Apparent Availability (%) |
| 1 | 1301 | - |
| 2 | 1913 | 26.1 |
| 3 | 2088 | 33.6 |
From table 3, under the conditions of waiting compound fertilizer amount of application, the Brassica campestris L compound fertilizer product of the present invention
To rape yield increasing synergistic effect substantially, increase production 9.1% than common compound fertilizer, fertilizer Apparent Availability
Improve 7.5%.This is mainly because the complex fertilizer special for cole material formula of the present invention comes from Brassica campestris L npk fertilizer
Amount of application, it is possible to achieve the accurate input of npk fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment taking Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area as a example, according to local environmental condition and 2005-2010
The statistical data of year local yield of rape, Brassica campestris L target output is 2190kg/hm2, 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss
Need potassium amount be 6.56kg.The straw yield of actual field investigation is 5603kg/hm2, straw-returning rate
Quality for the potassium in 73.5%, 100kg straw is 2.25kg.
The quick-acting potassium content in Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area is 84.5mg/kg, with soil available nitrogen 100mg/kg
On the basis of, then the Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient in Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area is 1.18.
Enter the quality of potassium in unit area farmland from environment and the loss rate of potassium is ignored.
Then according to formula：
Calculate potash fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L K Amounts FertK=1.18 × (2190 × 6.56/100-5603
× 73.5% × 2.25/100)=60.2kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of potash fertilizer of Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 60.2kg/hm2.
The phosphorus amount that needs of Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss is 1.99kg；Period of duration average air
Temperature is 15.4 DEG C.Consider three base point temperature of Brassica campestris L and the optimum temperature of Brassica campestris L Nutrient Absorption etc., select
Standard temperature based on 22.5 DEG C, then Yangtze middle reaches winter rape Brassica campestris L phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient is 1.46.
Then according to formula：
FertP=β × Yield × NutP-NeedCalculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L Phosphorus fertilizer usage FertP=1.46 × 2190 ×
1.99/100=63.6kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of phosphate fertilizer of Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 63.6kg/hm2.
The nitrogen requirement of Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss is 4.74kg；According to Yangtze middle reaches
The not fertilizer treatment of winter rape area Long term fertilization trial estimates that the input quantity of environment nitrogen is 25.3kg/hm2.
Simultaneously it is assumed that Long term fertilization trial nitrogen is in state in a basic balance and carries out estimating that nitrogen loss rate is
26.6%.
Then according to formula：
Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
I.e. the suitable amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer of Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 107.0kg/hm2.
Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area oil be can determine according to Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L recommended fertilizer
N, P needed for dish2O5、K2O ratio is 1:0.59:0.56.The national compound fertilizer standard (GB15063) of cooperation
It is 21-13-12 that requirement can develop Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L high concentration composite fertilizer special material formula.Root
Account for 52.6% according to Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area local farmers fertilizer practice nitrogenous fertilizer base manure, topdressing accounts for 47.7%,
Then Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L high concentration compound fertilizer special base manure formula is 14-16-15.
Testing example 4
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Hubei Qichun County, chooses
10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, respectively 10 pieces tested
Compound fertilizer is applied in field, and wherein, as shown in table 4, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer divides the amount of application of potash fertilizer
Wei not 107.0kg/hm2And 63.6kg/hm2.Other field management are with locality farmland.Receive after Brassica campestris L maturation
Obtain meter to produce.Draw K Amounts and yield of rape graph of relation (as Fig. 3) in compound fertilizer.Brassica campestris L
Carry out the mensure of soil available nitrogen content after results.
Table 4
By table 4 and Fig. 3 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with
The increase of K Amounts, yield of rape is gradually increasing, be 60kg/hm when applying potassium amount2, Brassica campestris L product
Up to higher value, after K Amounts exceed this value, yield of rape keeps stable to amount.Test the suitable of gained
Preferably K Amounts are close with the K Amounts that the method according to the invention calculates gained, and the present invention is described
Method can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification potash fertilizer administration, workable, beneficial to pushing away
Wide application.
In addition, being measured to the Soil Available potassium content after rape harvest, it is 60 in institute's potassium application amount
kg/hm2Experimental plot record Soil Available potassium content be 84.8mg/kg, with test front experimental plot quick-acting
Potassium content is basically identical, illustrates that the amount of potassium applied recommended using this method had both been supplemented during growth of rape
Potassium absorbtivity, also supplied the potassium loss amount of soil during growth of rape, maintained the potassium balance of soil,
Soil is maintained persistently to supply the ability of potassium it is ensured that yield of Brassica napus L, stable yields.
Testing example 5
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Hubei Qichun County, chooses
10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, respectively 10 pieces tested
Compound fertilizer is applied in field, and wherein, as shown in table 5, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer divides the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer
Wei not 60.2kg/hm2And 107.0kg/hm2.Other field management are with locality farmland.Receive after Brassica campestris L maturation
Obtain meter to produce.Draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and yield of rape graph of relation (as Fig. 4) in compound fertilizer.
Table 5
| Experimental plot is numbered | Phosphorus fertilizer usage (kg/hm in compound fertilizer2) | Yield of rape (kg/hm2) |
| 1 | 15 | 1539 |
| 2 | 25 | 1687 |
| 3 | 35 | 1821 |
| 4 | 45 | 1964 |
| 5 | 55 | 2053 |
| 6 | 65 | 2186 |
| 7 | 75 | 2191 |
| 8 | 85 | 2189 |
| 9 | 95 | 2193 |
| 10 | 105 | 2188 |
By table 5 and Fig. 4 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with
The increase of Phosphorus fertilizer usage, yield of rape is gradually increasing, be 65kg/hm when applying phosphate fertilizer amount2When,
Up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value, yield of rape keeps stable to yield of rape.Test institute
The Phosphorus fertilizer usage that the suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage obtaining calculates gained with the method according to the invention is close, explanation
The method of the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification phosphate fertilizer administration, workable,
Beneficial to popularization and application.
Testing example 6
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Hubei Qichun County, chooses
3 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, wherein, first piece of test
Field carries out not fertilizer treatment, and being commonly combined of universal formula " 15-15-15 " is applied in second piece of experimental plot
(China-Arab Fertilizer Co., Ltd produces fertilizer, N：P2O5：K2O=15:15:15), the 3rd piece
The formula that experimental plot applies that the inventive method obtains is the Yangtze middle reaches winter rape area Brassica campestris L of " 21-13-12 "
Compound fertilizer special；Second piece and the 3rd piece of total compound fertilizer amount of application is equal, is 510kg/hm2,
Wherein, nutrient fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer) amount of application is：(21+13+12)
/ 100 × 510=234.6kg/hm2.Every 100kg yield of rape nutrients uptake amounts (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total
Absorbtivity) it is 12.79kg.Other field management are with locality farmland.Harvest meter after Brassica campestris L maturation to produce.Knot
Fruit is shown in Table 6.Wherein, it is calculated as follows fertilizer Apparent Availability：
Table 6
| Experimental plot is numbered | Yield of rape (kg/hm2) | Fertilizer Apparent Availability (%) |
| 1 | 1225 | - |
| 2 | 2005 | 42.5 |
| 3 | 2103 | 47.9 |
From table 6, under the conditions of waiting compound fertilizer amount of application, the Brassica campestris L compound fertilizer product of the present invention
To rape yield increasing synergistic effect substantially, increase production 4.9% than common compound fertilizer, fertilizer Apparent Availability
Improve 5.4%.This is mainly because the complex fertilizer special for cole material formula of the present invention comes from Brassica campestris L npk fertilizer
Amount of application, it is possible to achieve the accurate input of npk fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment taking THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area as a example, according to local environmental condition and 2005-2010
The statistical data of year local yield of rape, Brassica campestris L target output is 2767kg/hm2, 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss
Need potassium amount be 5.16kg.The straw yield of actual field investigation is 6332kg/hm2, straw-returning rate
Quality for the potassium in 100.0%, 100kg straw is 1.90kg.
The quick-acting potassium content in THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area is 61.6mg/kg, with soil available nitrogen 100mg/kg
On the basis of, then the Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient in THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area is 1.62.
Enter the quality of potassium in unit area farmland from environment and the loss rate of potassium is ignored.
Then according to formula：
Calculate potash fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L K Amounts FertK=1.62 × (2767 × 5.16/100-6332 ×
100.0% × 1.90/100)=36.4kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of potash fertilizer of THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 36.4kg/hm2.
The phosphorus amount that needs of THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss is 1.70kg；Period of duration average air
Temperature is 13.8 DEG C.Consider three base point temperature of Brassica campestris L and the optimum temperature of Brassica campestris L Nutrient Absorption etc., select
Standard temperature based on 22.5 DEG C, then THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient be
1.63.
Then according to formula：
FertP=β × Yield × NutP-NeedCalculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L Phosphorus fertilizer usage FertP=1.63 × 2767 × 1.70/100
=76.7kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of phosphate fertilizer of THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 76.7kg/hm2.
The nitrogen requirement of THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L 100kg Semen Brassicae campestriss is 5.03kg；According under the Changjiang river
The not fertilizer treatment of trip winter rape area Long term fertilization trial estimates that the input quantity of environment nitrogen is 42.0
kg/hm2.Simultaneously it is assumed that Long term fertilization trial nitrogen is in state in a basic balance and carries out estimating nitrogen loss
Rate is 36.6%.
Then according to formula：
THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
I.e. the suitable amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer of THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L is 153.3kg/hm2.
THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area oil be can determine according to THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L recommended fertilizer
N, P needed for dish2O5、K2O ratio is 1:0.50:0.24.The national compound fertilizer standard (GB15063) of cooperation
It is 26-13-6 that requirement can develop THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L high concentration composite fertilizer special material formula.Root
Account for 58.3% according to THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area local farmers fertilizer practice nitrogenous fertilizer base manure, topdressing accounts for 41.7%,
Then THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L high concentration compound fertilizer special base manure formula is 20-17-8.
Testing example 7
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province, chooses
10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, respectively 10 pieces tested
Compound fertilizer is applied in field, and wherein, as shown in table 7, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer divides the amount of application of potash fertilizer
Wei not 153.3kg/hm2And 76.7kg/hm2.Other field management are with locality farmland.Receive after Brassica campestris L maturation
Obtain meter to produce.Draw K Amounts and yield of rape graph of relation (as Fig. 5) in compound fertilizer.Brassica campestris L
Carry out the mensure of soil available nitrogen content after results.
Table 7
By table 7 and Fig. 5 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with
The increase of K Amounts, yield of rape is gradually increasing, be 36kg/hm when applying potassium amount2, Brassica campestris L product
Up to higher value, after K Amounts exceed this value, yield of rape keeps stable to amount.Test the suitable of gained
Preferably K Amounts are close with the K Amounts that the method according to the invention calculates gained, and the present invention is described
Method can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification potash fertilizer administration, workable, beneficial to pushing away
Wide application.
In addition, being measured to the Soil Available potassium content after rape harvest, it is 36 in institute's potassium application amount
kg/hm2Experimental plot record Soil Available potassium content be 62.3mg/kg, with test front experimental plot quick-acting
Potassium content is basically identical, illustrates that the amount of potassium applied recommended using this method had both been supplemented during growth of rape
Potassium absorbtivity, also supplied the potassium loss amount of soil during growth of rape, maintained the potassium balance of soil,
Soil is maintained persistently to supply the ability of potassium it is ensured that yield of Brassica napus L, stable yields.
Testing example 8
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province, chooses
10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, respectively 10 pieces tested
Compound fertilizer is applied in field, and wherein, as shown in table 8, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer divides the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer
Wei not 36.4kg/hm2And 153.3kg/hm2.Other field management are with locality farmland.Receive after Brassica campestris L maturation
Obtain meter to produce.Draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and yield of rape graph of relation (as Fig. 6) in compound fertilizer.
Table 8
| Experimental plot is numbered | Phosphorus fertilizer usage (kg/hm in compound fertilizer2) | Yield of rape (kg/hm2) |
| 1 | 25 | 1966 |
| 2 | 35 | 2109 |
| 3 | 45 | 2278 |
| 4 | 55 | 2469 |
| 5 | 65 | 2638 |
| 6 | 75 | 2760 |
| 7 | 85 | 2763 |
| 8 | 95 | 2765 |
| 9 | 105 | 2761 |
| 10 | 115 | 2759 |
By table 8 and Fig. 6 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with
The increase of Phosphorus fertilizer usage, yield of rape is gradually increasing, be 75kg/hm when applying phosphate fertilizer amount2When,
Up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value, yield of rape keeps stable to yield of rape.Test institute
The Phosphorus fertilizer usage that the suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage obtaining calculates gained with the method according to the invention is close, explanation
The method of the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification phosphate fertilizer administration, workable,
Beneficial to popularization and application.
Testing example 9
The field test of complex fertilizer special for cole material fertilizer efficiency checking of the present invention is carried out in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province, chooses
3 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 50m2, carry out cultivating of Brassica campestris L, wherein, first piece of test
Field carries out not fertilizer treatment, and being commonly combined of universal formula " 15-15-15 " is applied in second piece of experimental plot
(China-Arab Fertilizer Co., Ltd produces fertilizer, N：P2O5：K2O=15:15:15), the 3rd piece
The formula that experimental plot applies that the inventive method obtains is that the THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY winter rape area Brassica campestris L of " 26-13-6 " is special
Use compound fertilizer；Second piece and the 3rd piece of total compound fertilizer amount of application is equal, is 589kg/hm2,
Wherein, nutrient fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer) amount of application is：(26+13+6)/100 × 589=265kg/hm2.
The nutrients uptake amounts (nitrogen, phosphorus, integral dose of potassium) of every 100kg yield of rape are 12.79kg.Its
Its field management is with locality farmland.Harvest meter after Brassica campestris L maturation to produce.The results are shown in Table 9.Wherein, by as follows
Formula calculates fertilizer Apparent Availability：
Table 9
| Experimental plot is numbered | Yield of rape (kg/hm2) | Fertilizer Apparent Availability (%) |
| 1 | 1652 | - |
| 2 | 2301 | 31.3 |
| 3 | 2716 | 51.4 |
From table 9, under the conditions of waiting compound fertilizer amount of application, the Brassica campestris L compound fertilizer product of the present invention
To rape yield increasing synergistic effect substantially, increase production 18.0% than common compound fertilizer, fertilizer Apparent Availability
Improve 20.1%.This is mainly because the complex fertilizer special for cole material formula of the present invention comes from Brassica campestris L npk fertilizer
Amount of application, it is possible to achieve the accurate input of npk fertilizer.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of application process of complex fertilizer special for cole material, the method includes：A life in Brassica campestris L
In long period, farmland is carried out with the administration of compound fertilizer, described compound fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertile；It is characterized in that, the amount of application of the potash fertilizer of described farmland unit areaWherein, CorpK-outRape harvest for described farmland unit area
The quality of the potassium in taken out of farmland, EnvK-inIt is the quality of the potassium from environment entrance unit area farmland,
RatK-outFor the loss rate of described unit area farmland potassium, described α is Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient, described
α=standard quick-acting potassium content/agricultural land soil quick-acting potassium content.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described CorpK-out=YieK-out+StrK-out,
Wherein, YieK-outThe quality of the potassium taken out of by the rape harvest economic flow rate of described farmland unit area,
StrK-outContain the quality of potassium for described unit area farmland stalk, described economic flow rate refers to cutting in farmland
Yield, described cutting be Semen Brassicae campestriss.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, described CorpK-out=UptK-out-RetK-in,
Wherein, UptK-outFor the quality of total potassium of the Absorption of Rape in described unit area farmland, RetK-inFor institute
State the quality of the potassium of the straw-returning in unit area farmland.
4. method according to claim 2, wherein, described YieK-out=Yield × NutK-yie,
Described StK-out=Straw × NutK-str, wherein, Yield is the economy of the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland
Yield, NutK-yieForm the quality of the potassium in the described cutting of every 1kg for described unit area farmland,
Straw is the straw yield in described unit area farmland, NutK-strFormed often for described unit area farmland
The quality of the potassium in the straw of 1kg.
5. method according to claim 3, wherein, described UptK-out=Yield × NutK-need,
Described RetK-in=Straw × Ratstr×NutK-str, wherein, Yield is the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland
Economic flow rate, NutK-needForm what every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needed for described unit area farmland
The quality of potassium, Straw is the straw yield in described unit area farmland, RatstrFor described unit area agriculture
The straw-returning rate in field, NutK-strForm the quality of the potassium in every 1kg straw for described unit area farmland.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, described EnvK-inFor 0-40kg/hm2, institute
State RatK-outFor 0-20%.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, described CorpK-outFor 10-180kg/hm2.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the nitrogen application of described farmland unit area
AmountWherein, Yield is the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland
Economic flow rate, NutN-needForm what every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needed for described unit area farmland
The quality of nitrogen, described EnvN-inIt is the quality of the nitrogen from environment entrance unit area farmland, described RatN-out
Loss rate for described unit area farmland nitrogen.
9. method according to claim 1, the Phosphorus fertilizer usage of described farmland unit area
FertP=β × Yield × NutP-Need, wherein, Yield is the Brassica campestris L in described unit area farmland
Economic flow rate, NutP-needForm the phosphorus that every 1kg Brassica campestris L economic flow rate needs for described unit area farmland
Quality, described β be phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient, described β=basic standard temperature/farmland growth of rape
Mean temperature in cycle.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method also includes：By described compound fertilizer
Material is administered with topdressing as base manure.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105165215A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Optimized recommended fertilization method for soybeans |
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