CN106381191A - 一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106381191A CN106381191A CN201610675662.8A CN201610675662A CN106381191A CN 106381191 A CN106381191 A CN 106381191A CN 201610675662 A CN201610675662 A CN 201610675662A CN 106381191 A CN106381191 A CN 106381191A
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- Prior art keywords
- parts
- boric acid
- additive
- oil
- weight
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 alkyl naphthalene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical class N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 claims description 5
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical group C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003747 fuel oil additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1983—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyesters
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- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
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- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂及其制备方法和应用,是由以下重量份的原料制成:硼酸4~7份,载体油55~75份,分散剂10~20份,硅烷偶联剂5.2~7.5份,乳化剂1~3份,有机溶剂10~20份,金属减活剂5~8份。该制备方法包括:将硼酸、硅烷偶联剂和乳化剂混匀反应,得到改性硼酸;然后将其加入到含有有机溶剂、曼妮西碱无灰分散剂、多酰胺无灰分散剂的载体油中剪切分散,最后脱出溶剂,加入金属减活剂,混匀反应即得。本发明中的添加剂可应用在润滑油或燃料油中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油添加剂和燃料油添加剂技术领域,特别涉及内燃机润滑油、燃料油通用型纳米硼酸无灰减摩、抗磨、助燃减排添加剂。
背景技术
如今汽车尾气排放污染环境导致PM上涨和石油资源短缺一直是世界各国共同关注的问题,随着我国经济的快速发展,汽车保有量猛增,石油的消耗将大大增加,与此同时汽车尾气的排放也日益增长,因此节能减排已成为当前急需解决的紧迫问题。
目前在润滑油添加剂领域低硫、低磷、低硫酸盐灰分为未来润滑油的发展方向,润滑油中降低硫、磷含量可延长氧传感器和三元催化器的使用寿命,但发动机磨损会加剧,为解决此问题,急需找到一种环保型且价格低廉的抗磨、减摩添加剂,以提升发动机的性能。
燃料油中应使用无灰且高效的燃料油添加剂,目前普遍使用锰基化合物、铁基化合物、碱土金属抗爆剂、碱金属抗爆剂等,燃料油中如含有金属灰分,在发动机燃烧后会导致燃烧室沉积物增多,金属氧化物从排气口排出后会附着在氧传感器和三元催化器表面导致转换效率降低,久而久之便会中毒失效。且目前多数的燃料油助燃添加剂只能用在燃料油中发挥作用,由于闪点太低不耐高温而不能应用于润滑油中。
目前可用于油性体系的含硼纳米颗粒主要以硼酸盐、氮化硼、碳化硼、过渡金属硼化合物等存在。硼酸盐和过渡金属硼化合物含有金属元素,不适合用在低灰或无灰润滑油中,在燃料油易生成燃烧残留,也不宜使用;氮化硼、碳化硼等类型的高硬度硼化合物,熔点较高(普遍在2000℃以上),与燃料油混合使用,易生成大量燃烧残留,堵塞尾气装置,也不宜应用于燃料油中;硼酸为一元弱酸,熔点较低(为169℃),但是目前硼酸多数应用于医药、个人保健品、杀虫、防腐、催化剂、玻璃制造、炸药制造和核电站内控制核分裂速率等,只有少部分应用于生产石油产品中的硼化分散剂、硼酸酯等有机化合物,经过有机反应后失去了硼酸颗粒本身优异的物理特性、助燃催化性等,并且硼酸遇水易分解,因此需要在不破坏硼酸本身的化合形态下,将其均匀分散到油性载体中来发挥其优异的性能,并实现大规模工业化生产,此项技术目前属于空白领域。
发明内容
为了解决上述诸多问题,本发提供了一种不含硫、磷、氯和硫酸盐灰分的油性纳米硼酸减摩、抗磨、助燃减排添加剂及其制备方法和应用。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
硼酸4~7份,载体油55~75份,分散剂10~20份,硅烷偶联剂5.2~7.5份,乳化剂1~3份,有机溶剂10~20份,金属减活剂5~8份。
优选的,一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
硼酸4~5份,载体油60~75份,分散剂10~15份,硅烷偶联剂5.2~5.9份,乳化剂1~2份,有机溶剂10~14份,金属减活剂6.6~8份。
或者,
硼酸6~7份,载体油55~59份,分散剂16~20份,硅烷偶联剂6~7.5份,乳化剂2.1~3份,有机溶剂15~20份,金属减活剂5~6.5份。
进一步优选的,一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
硼酸5份,载体油71份,分散剂10份,硅烷偶联剂5.2份,乳化剂2份,有机溶剂10份,金属减活剂7份。
经过试验验证与分析,上述配比关系的原料制备得到的添加剂应用在润滑油或燃料油中,其摩擦系数较小、磨斑直径较小、磨痕较光滑;其催化助燃和节能助燃效果较好。
作为载体油并没有特别限定,只要可以满足最终本发明添加剂的要求即可。但是从本发明的纳米硼酸添加剂物理性质来讲,所述载体油优选为烷基萘,烷基奈可以分为单烷基萘(MAN),双烷基萘(DAN)和多烷基奈(PAN)三类,每一类组分的含量可以根据本发明的添加剂物理性质等的具体要求,将上述三类物质混合调整。经过实验验证,进一步优选为SynNaph AN23烷基奈,其具有极高的苯胺点(为110℃),溶解性非常好。SynNaphAN23烷基奈购自上海纳克润滑技术有限公司。
优选的,所述分散剂为曼尼西碱无灰分散剂和多酰胺无灰分散剂中的一种或两种,进一步优选的,所述分散剂为曼尼西碱无灰分散剂和多酰胺无灰分散剂的混合物;两者的质量比例为(1~2):(1~2)。从使用效果来看,所述多酰胺无灰分散剂优选为聚异丁烯双丁二酰亚胺(T152)、高分子聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T161)中的一种或多种。曼妮西碱无灰分散剂和多酰胺无灰分散剂可用于润滑油与燃料油体系中,不但对硼酸材料具有极佳的锚固分散性,而且清净、分散、破乳和防锈等性能优异。所述曼妮西碱无灰分散剂是分散剂大类型下面的一个产品名称。曼尼西碱无灰分散剂和多酰胺无灰分散剂可通过商业途径购买得到,如曼尼西碱无灰分散剂购自AMOCO公司生产的AMOCO 9250的曼尼西碱无灰分散剂。
优选的,所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570硅烷偶联剂的一种或多种。
优选的,所述乳化剂为失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,对失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯的种类并没有特别限定。但是从对硼酸改性的效果来讲,所述乳化剂为司盘80,所述司盘80为黄色油状液体,能分散于温水和乙醇中,溶于丙二醇、液体石蜡、乙醇、甲醇或醋酸乙酯等有机溶剂中。
本发明中优选的硅烷偶联剂和司盘80复合可在无机硼酸与有机界面间形成键合促进界面融合,增强硼酸与有机界面的锚固特性。
本发明所述有机溶剂并没有特别限定,可为甲苯或二甲苯等,优选为二甲苯。
所述的金属减活剂为“噻二唑衍生物”或“苯三唑衍生物(添加剂代号为T551)”,优选的“噻二唑衍生物”为金属减活剂下面的其中一种添加剂型号,添加剂代号为“T561”。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将4~7重量份硼酸、5~7重量份硅烷偶联剂和1~3重量份乳化剂混匀反应,直到透明粘稠状,得到改性硼酸;
将55~75重量份载体油、10~20重量份有机溶剂、10~20重量份分散剂和0.2~0.5重量份偶联剂混匀,得到混合体系一;
将所述改性硼酸和所述混合体系一进行分散,分散后去除有机溶剂,得到混合体系二;
将所述混合体系二和5-8重量份金属减活剂混合反应,得到节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂。
为了使得添加剂的性能优异,优选的,所述硼酸为干燥的粉末状物质。干燥的粉末状的硼酸的制备方法包括:将硼酸在110~120℃下干燥2~3小时,取出,然后粉碎至无结块粉末状。
从硼酸的改性效果来讲,优选的,所述硼酸、硅烷偶联剂和乳化剂的反应的温度为40~60℃,反应时间为2~4h。
在得到混合体系一中的反应中,所述混匀温度为80~95℃。
为了使改性后的硼酸充分与体系中的分散剂和烷基奈接枝锚固,所述分散温度为80~95℃,分散时间为5~8h。
为了更好的去除溶剂,去除有机溶剂时的温度为125~140℃。
所述混合体系二和金属减活剂混合反应的温度为70~90℃,反应时间为1.5~3h。
本发明还保护上述方法制备得到的节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂在润滑油或燃料油中的应用;其主要是作为润滑油添加剂或燃料油添加剂在润滑油或燃料油中的应用,润滑油添加剂是该善润滑油性能的,燃料油添加剂是改善燃料油的性质,如柴油、汽油等。
润滑油是用在各种类型汽车、机械设备上以减少摩擦,保护机械及加工件的液体或半固体润滑剂,主要起润滑、辅助冷却、防锈、清洁、密封和缓冲等作用,是用于润滑发动机曲轴箱各运动元件的润滑油。润滑油一般由基础油和添加剂两部分组成。基础油是润滑油的主要成分,决定着润滑油的基本性质,添加剂则可弥补和改善基础油性能方面的不足,赋予某些新的性能,是润滑油的重要组成部分。
燃料油主要由石油的裂化残渣油和直馏残渣油制成,广泛用于电厂发电、船舶锅炉燃料、加热炉燃料、冶金炉和汽车燃料。优选的,本发明中的添加剂主要应用在汽车燃料油中,所述燃料油为汽油、柴油等。应用时,为了使得燃烧效果较好,本发明的添加剂的量为燃料油质量的0.05~0.3%。
本发明的第四个目的是还保护一种含有上述添加剂的润滑油,其包含基础油或内燃机油和本发明中的添加剂,其中添加剂的用量为基础油或内燃机油质量的1~3%。根据实际应用情况,所述基础油或内燃机油的选择比较多,没有特别限定,基础油主要分矿物基础油、合成基础油以及植物油基础油三大类。在本发明的一个优选的实施例中,选用内燃机油,本实施例中所用的内燃机油的型号为“美孚速霸1000,SN 10W/40”。本发明中的润滑油不仅仅可以将基础油和上述添加剂混合配制得到,还可以选用市售的内燃机油和上述添加剂混合配制。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发提供了一种不含硫、磷、氯和硫酸盐灰分的油性纳米硼酸减摩、抗磨、助燃减排添加剂,该添加剂具有突出的减摩性、抗磨性和催化助燃性,可同时应用在发动机润滑系统和燃料油两方面,是一种通用型的润滑油和燃料油添加剂。
当应用于发动机润滑系统,添加剂中的纳米硼酸颗粒吸附在摩擦副上可有效降低发动机的运转阻力,减少发动机机械磨损、节省燃油,在内燃机做功冲程,活塞下行时燃烧室内的混合气与气缸壁上残留的纳米硼酸颗粒接触,硼酸可起到对混合气的助燃作用,使其燃烧更充分,大大降低HC、CO和NOx的排放。
当应用于燃料油,纳米硼酸伴随燃油一起喷入燃烧室,在燃烧的高温过程产生活性自由基,加速燃烧进程,起到催化助燃和节能助燃的作用,同时也大幅度降低HC、CO和NOx的排放量,并且本产品不含金属灰分,燃烧后不产生金属氧化物,避免在燃烧室、氧传感器、三元催化器表面产生沉积物导致爆震或失效。应用于内燃机中可实现不改造内燃机结构的情况下,提高内燃机的有效输出动力和降低有害于物质排放量。
(2)本发明中添加剂中的各个原料及其配比量的选择科学合理,原料之间具有良好的协同配合作用,使本发明的添加剂形成物化性质稳定的胶体溶液,能够有效地阻止团聚,防止潮解,并共同发挥作用使得添加剂的应用效果较好。其中,硼酸具有高的热值和体积热值,是贫氧富燃料固体推进剂理想的高能添加组分,燃烧后不残留,并且还具有和六方氮化硼相似的层状结构,为白色粉末状结晶或三斜轴面鳞片状结晶,在润滑系统中具有极好的减摩抗磨性。优选的烷基萘具有较高的苯胺点,溶解性非常好,具有极好的热氧化稳定性,作为载体油溶解其他各个原料。采用硅烷偶联剂和乳化剂复合可在无机硼酸与有机界面间形成键合促进界面融合,增强硼酸与有机界面的锚固特性。分散剂的使用使得本发明中的硼酸具有极佳的锚固分散性。噻二唑衍生物或苯三唑衍生物中的极性基团如氨基、酰胺基、三氮唑等具有孤对电子的氮原子会使它们在硼酸表面生成一层致密的化学保护膜,与硼酸形成螯合物,避免体系中的纳米硼酸受潮水解,影响产品的储存稳定性。
(3)本发明的纳米硼酸添加剂在生产过程中不需要加水,使得硼酸本身特有化合形态不易被破坏,从而有效发挥作用;本发明的方法具有简便易行、快速高效、工艺简单、安全环保、便于大规模工业化生产等优点。采用本方法制得的纳米硼酸胶体溶液平均颗粒直径是80~85nm,且能有效地阻止团聚,防止潮解。本方法制备的油性纳米硼酸添加剂在润滑油和燃料油领域具有很大的使用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明所制备的油性纳米硼酸胶体溶液的颗粒粒径分析。
图2为本发明所制备的油性纳米硼酸胶体溶液的硼含量分析。
图3为本发明所制备的油性纳米硼酸胶体溶液储存稳定性对比。
图4为市售典型内燃机油的磨痕图片。
图5为添加实施例1中的添加剂的市售典型内燃机油的磨痕图片。
图6为添加实施例2中的添加剂的市售典型内燃机油的磨痕图片。
图7为添加实施例3中的添加剂的市售典型内燃机油的磨痕图片。
具体实施方式
本发明中使用的原料如没有特殊说明的话,均可通过商业途径购买得到;另外,下述的“份”如没有特殊说明,均为“重量份”。
实施例1
一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将5份硼酸放入120℃烘箱中,干燥2小时,取出,放入高速粉碎机中粉碎至无结块粉末状。
(2)将5份KH-550硅烷偶联剂、2份S-80乳化剂加到反应釜中升温至40℃并搅拌均匀。
(3)将5份步骤⑴所制备的硼酸粉末缓慢倒入步骤⑵的反应釜中,在40℃下高扭矩高速搅拌2小时至透明粘稠状,得到改性硼酸。
(4)将71份AN23烷基萘加入高速剪切酯化反应釜中,并依次加入10份二甲苯溶剂,5份曼妮西碱无灰分散剂、5份聚异丁烯双丁二酰亚胺(T152)、0.2份KH-550硅烷偶联剂,升温至90℃恒温搅拌均匀。
(5)将12份步骤⑶所制备的改性硼酸加入步骤⑷的密封酯化釜中,在90℃下高速剪切分散5小时,使改性后的硼酸充分与体系中的无灰分散剂、AN23烷基萘接枝锚固。
(6)在搅拌状态下缓慢升温至140℃,脱除溶剂,并回收。
(7)开启反应釜内冷却系统,将物料冷却至80℃,加入7份噻二唑衍生物(T561),恒温搅拌2小时后,过滤得到节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂。
如图1所示上述方法制备的纳米硼酸添加剂硼酸颗粒的平均粒径为83nm;图2所示上述方法制备的纳米硼酸添加剂中的硼(B)含量为0.556%;图3(颜色为红棕色,由于为黑白图片并未显示出来)所示上述方法制备的纳米硼酸添加剂在室温下密封放置两年后的储存稳定性对比,结果显示,室温存放两年后,该纳米硼酸添加剂依然为红棕色,外观清澈透明,并无沉淀,说明本发明的纳米硼酸添加剂的性质十分稳定。
实施例2
一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将7份硼酸放入120℃烘箱中,干燥2小时,取出,放入高速粉碎机中粉碎至无结块粉末状。
(2)将7份KH-560硅烷偶联剂、3份S-80乳化剂加到反应釜中升温至40℃并搅拌均匀。
(3)将7份步骤⑴所制备的硼酸粉末缓慢倒入步骤⑵的反应釜中,在40℃下高扭矩高速搅拌2小时至透明粘稠状,得到改性硼酸。
(4)将63份AN23烷基萘加入高速剪切酯化反应釜中,并依次加入15份二甲苯溶剂,10份曼妮西碱无灰分散剂、10份高分子聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T161)、0.5份KH-560硅烷偶联剂,升温至90℃恒温搅拌均匀。
(5)将17份步骤⑶所制备的改性硼酸加入步骤⑷的密封酯化釜中,在90℃下高速剪切分散5小时,使改性后的硼酸充分与体系中的无灰分散剂、AN23烷基萘接枝锚固。
(6)在搅拌状态下缓慢升温至140℃,脱除溶剂,并回收。
(7)开启反应釜内冷却系统,将物料冷却至80℃,加入8份噻二唑衍生物(T561),恒温搅拌2小时后,过滤得到节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂。
采用本方法制得的纳米硼酸胶体溶液平均颗粒直径是80~85nm。
实施例3
(1)将4份硼酸放入120℃烘箱中,干燥2小时,取出,放入高速粉碎机中粉碎至无结块粉末状。
(2)将5份KH-570硅烷偶联剂、1份S-80乳化剂加到反应釜中升温至50℃并搅拌均匀。
(3)将4份步骤⑴所制备的硼酸粉末缓慢倒入步骤⑵的反应釜中,在50℃下高扭矩高速搅拌2小时至透明粘稠状,得到改性硼酸。
(4)将55-75份AN23烷基萘加入高速剪切酯化反应釜中,并依次加入10份二甲苯溶剂,5份曼妮西碱无灰分散剂、5份高分子聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T161)、0.2份KH-570硅烷偶联剂,升温至90℃恒温搅拌均匀。
(5)将10份步骤⑶所制备的改性硼酸加入步骤⑷的密封酯化釜中,在80℃下高速剪切分散7小时,使改性后的硼酸充分与体系中的无灰分散剂、AN23烷基萘接枝锚固。
(6)在搅拌状态下缓慢升温至130℃,脱除溶剂,并回收。
(7)开启反应釜内冷却系统,将物料冷却至70℃,加入5份噻二唑衍生物(T561),恒温搅拌1.5小时后,过滤得到节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂。
采用本方法制得的纳米硼酸胶体溶液平均颗粒直径是80~85nm。
实施例4
(1)将4份硼酸放入120℃烘箱中,干燥3小时,取出,放入高速粉碎机中粉碎至无结块粉末状。
(2)将6份KH-570硅烷偶联剂、2份S-80乳化剂加到反应釜中升温至55℃并搅拌均匀。
(3)将步骤⑴所制备的硼酸粉末缓慢倒入步骤⑵的反应釜中,在50℃下高扭矩高速搅拌2小时至透明粘稠状,得到改性硼酸。
(4)将55-75份AN23烷基萘加入高速剪切酯化反应釜中,并依次加入10份甲苯溶剂,5份曼妮西碱无灰分散剂、5份高分子聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T161)、0.4份KH-570硅烷偶联剂,升温至90℃恒温搅拌均匀。
(5)将步骤⑶所制备的改性硼酸加入步骤⑷的密封酯化釜中,在80℃下高速剪切分散8小时,使改性后的硼酸充分与体系中的无灰分散剂、AN23烷基萘接枝锚固。
(6)在搅拌状态下缓慢升温至140℃,脱除溶剂,并回收。
(7)开启反应釜内冷却系统,将物料冷却至70℃,加入6份苯三唑衍生物(T551),恒温搅拌1.8小时后,过滤得到节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂。
采用本方法制得的纳米硼酸胶体溶液平均颗粒直径是80~85nm。
实施例5
一种内燃机润滑油,包括内燃机油和实施例1中的添加剂,所述添加剂的质量为内燃机油的2%;所述内燃机油选用美孚速霸1000,SN 10W/40。
实验例1
将实施例1、2、3所制备的纳米硼酸添加剂分别按质量百分数为2%的比例加到市售典型内燃机油(本发明所述市售典型内燃机油均为美孚速霸1000,SN 10W/40)中,搅拌均匀后,使用型号MS-10J四球摩擦试验机测试减摩、抗磨性;所用钢球为上海钢球厂生产的直径12.70mm的四球试验标准钢球;实验执行标准SH/T0189-92,负载是392N、转速是1200r/min、温度是75℃、时间是60min;由表1、图4~图7可看出添加了纳米硼酸添加剂的市售典型内燃机油表现出更好的减摩、抗磨性能,经过比较,其中实施例1所制备的纳米硼酸添加剂的摩擦系数最小、磨斑直径最小、磨痕最光滑。
表1:本发明所制备的纳米硼酸添加剂加到市售典型内燃机油中的摩擦系数和磨斑直径对比
实验例2
将实施例1所制备的纳米硼酸添加剂,进行实车测试,测试所用车型为别克君越:发动型号LE5、排量2.4L、车龄8年、总行驶里程21万公里,尾气分析仪采用广东佛山分析仪器有限公司生产的FGA4100-(5G),仪器编号:15142F,尾气分析操作执行GB18285-2005标准;由表2可看出发动机油中添加2%纳米硼酸添加剂后,百公里耗油量降低了6.6%、尾气中的HC、CO、NO降低了22.7-49%;燃料油中添加0.1%纳米硼酸添加剂后,百公里耗油量降低了3.8%、尾气中的HC、CO、NO降低了35-51%;发动机油中和燃油箱中同时各分别添加2%和0.1%的纳米硼酸添加剂后,百公里耗油量降低了8.5%、尾气中的HC、CO、NO降低了42-67%,同时添加效果更为明显。经过试验验证,实施例2~4中的纳米硼酸添加剂也同样具有实施例1所述添加剂的优异效果。
表2:本发明所制备的纳米硼酸添加剂加到市售典型内燃机油中尾气排放及百公里燃油消耗量对比
Claims (10)
1.一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂,其特征是,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
硼酸4~7份,载体油55~75份,分散剂10~20份,硅烷偶联剂5.2~7.5份,乳化剂1~3份,有机溶剂10~20份,金属减活剂5~8份。
2.如权利要求1所述的添加剂,其特征是,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
硼酸4~5份,载体油60~75份,分散剂10~15份,硅烷偶联剂5.2~5.9份,乳化剂1~2份,有机溶剂10~14份,金属减活剂6.6~8份;
或者,
硼酸6~7份,载体油55~59份,分散剂16~20份,硅烷偶联剂6~7.5份,乳化剂2.1~3份,有机溶剂15~20份,金属减活剂5~6.5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的添加剂,其特征是,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
硼酸5份,载体油71份,分散剂10份,硅烷偶联剂5.2份,乳化剂2份,有机溶剂10份,金属减活剂7份。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的添加剂,其特征是,所述载体油为烷基萘;所述分散剂为曼尼西碱无灰分散剂和多酰胺无灰分散剂中的一种或两种;优选的,所述多酰胺无灰分散剂为聚异丁烯双丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺中的一种或多种;所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570硅烷偶联剂的一种或多种;所述乳化剂为失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯;优选的,所述乳化剂为司盘80;所述有机溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯;所述金属减活剂为噻二唑衍生物或苯三唑衍生物。
5.一种润滑油,其特征是:包含基础油或内燃机油和权利要求1~4中任一项所述的添加剂。
6.一种节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将4~7重量份硼酸、5~7重量份硅烷偶联剂和1~3重量份乳化剂混匀反应,直到透明粘稠状,得到改性硼酸;
将55~75重量份载体油、10~20重量份有机溶剂、10~20重量份分散剂和0.2~0.5重量份偶联剂混匀,得到混合体系一;
将所述改性硼酸和所述混合体系一进行分散,分散后去除有机溶剂,得到混合体系二;
将所述混合体系二和5-8重量份金属减活剂混合反应,得到节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征是:所述硼酸、硅烷偶联剂和乳化剂的反应的温度为40~60℃,反应时间为2~4h;优选的,在得到混合体系一中的反应中,所述混匀温度为80~95℃。
8.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征是:所述分散温度为80~95℃,分散时间为5~8h;优选的,去除有机溶剂时的温度为125~140℃。
9.如权利要求5述的制备方法,其特征是:所述混合体系二和金属减活剂混合反应的温度为70~90℃,反应时间为1.5~3h。
10.权利要求1~4中任一项所述的节能减排的油性纳米硼酸添加剂在润滑油或燃料油中的应用。
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