CN106375783A - 用于在超文本传输协议上的质量知晓自适应流传输的方法 - Google Patents

用于在超文本传输协议上的质量知晓自适应流传输的方法 Download PDF

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CN106375783A
CN106375783A CN201610781897.5A CN201610781897A CN106375783A CN 106375783 A CN106375783 A CN 106375783A CN 201610781897 A CN201610781897 A CN 201610781897A CN 106375783 A CN106375783 A CN 106375783A
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dash
client computer
quality
mpd
dash client
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CN106375783B (zh
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O·奥亚曼
Y·廖
J·福斯特
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Apple Inc
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Intel Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于在超文本传输协议上的质量知晓自适应流传输的方法。一种用于支持质量知晓自适应媒体流传输的无线网络,包括:射频收发机、被操作地耦合到该射频收发机的处理器以及被操作地耦合到该处理器的存储器设备。所述存储器存储指令,该指令将处理器配置成用于:解析清单文件,以读取表征可用于超文本传输协议(HTTP)自适应流传输的媒体内容的信息;基于从清单文件解析得到的质量属性,获取媒体内容的质量信息;以及响应于用于偏离预期的质量值的媒体内容的经编码的部分的质量信息,在所述媒体内容的不同的经编码的部分之间动态地切换流传输。

Description

用于在超文本传输协议上的质量知晓自适应流传输的方法
本申请是申请日为2013年6月24日申请号为第201380036315.5号发明名称为“用于在超文本传输协议上的质量知晓自适应流传输的方法”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e),要求2012年8月3日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/679,627(律师卷号No.P46630Z)的优先权权益,该美国临时专利申请以参考方式被整体结合在此。
背景信息
超文本传输协议(HTTP)流传输是互联网视频和音频内容的多媒体传递的形式——被称为多媒体内容、媒体内容、媒体服务等。在HTTP流传输中,多媒体文件能够被分割成一段或更多段,并且使用HTTP协议被传递到客户机。由于先前对HTTP和其底层协议(传输控制协议/因特网协议(TCP/IP))的广泛采用,基于HTTP的多媒体内容传递(流传输)提供可靠和简单的内容传递。此外,基于HTTP的传递通过避免网络地址转换(NAT)和防火墙遍历问题来简化流传输服务。基于HTTP的流传输也提供使用标准HTTP服务器和缓存而不使用专用的流传输服务器的能力,专用的流服务器由于在那些服务器上所维持的附加的状态信息而更难以缩放。HTTP流传输技术的示例包括微软的互联网信息服务(IIS)平滑流传输(Smooth Streaming)、苹果公司的HTTP直播流传输(Live Streaming)和奥多比(Adobe)公司的HTTP动态流传输(Dynamic Streaming)。
自适应视频流传输涉及:基于变化的链路条件、设备能力和内容特性,连续地优化诸如比特率、分辨率和帧速率之类的视频配置。自适应流传输在性能目标方面(如,高视频质量、低启动延迟和无中断回播)为终端客户机用户改善视频收看体验。在传统意义上,自适应视频流传输涉及实时流传输协议(RTSP)。RTSP包括连接到流传输服务器的客户机,该流传输服务器跟踪该客户机的状态,直到该客户机断开连接。跟踪客户机的状态导致客户机和服务器之间的频繁通信,包括媒体参数的会话提供和协商。一旦客户机和服务器建立起会话,该服务器在用户数据报协议(UDP)或TCP传输上以分组(packet)的连续流的形式发送媒体。用于基于RTSP的自适应流传输的示例技术包括微软的Windows MediaTM、苹果公司的QuickTimeTM、奥多比(Adobe)公司的FlashTM和Real Networks公司的HelixTM等。
HTTP上的动态自适应流传输(DASH)是在第三代伙伴计划(3GPP)的TS 26.247和运动图片专家组(MPEG)的ISO/IEC DIS 23009-1中得到标准化的自适应HTTP流传输技术;然而,各种标准组织实行包括开放网际协议电视(IPTV)论坛(OIPF)和复合广播宽带电视(HbbTV)等的DASH技术。与基于RTSP的自适应流相比,DASH以不同方式进行操作,因为DASH通过使用无状态的HTTP协议进行操作。
DASH为媒体呈现(presentation)描述(MPD)元数据文件指定格式。MPD文件提供关于存储于服务器内的媒体内容的结构和不同版本的媒体内容的表示(representation)的信息。MPD文件也为媒体播放器指定段格式(即关于初始化和媒体段的信息),以确保将段映射进媒体呈现时间轴,该时间轴用于与其他表示的切换和同步呈现。例如,媒体播放器检查在MPD文件中所标识的初始化段,以理解容器(container)格式和媒体时序信息。
诸如微波存取全球互通(WiMAX)或长期演进(LTE)之类的无线通信技术已发生了演变,以提供除传统的语音和数据服务之外的丰富的多媒体和视频服务。典型的无线多媒体通信涉及在有噪声信道上的连续源的传输。常见的示例为语言通信、移动电视、移动视频和广播流传输。在此类通信中,多媒体源经编码并被压缩进有限的位流,然后该位流在有噪声信道上被传播。实施源译码,以将连续源转换成有限的位流。执行信道译码,以缓和位流中由有噪声信道引进的误差。源译码和信道译码在媒体的回播期间引起质量降级,该质量降级通常可归于此类因素:高失真水平、有限的带宽、过度的延迟、功率约束和计算复杂度限制。然而,可能重要的是,在满足某些端对端服务质量(QoS)或体验质量(QoE)约束(包括在诸如实时移动视频流传输中的平均失真和多媒体质量要求)的同时,在时变无线信道上传输源。
附图说明
根据实施例的下述具体实施方式,实施例的多个方面将变得明显,继续参考所附附图对实施例进行详细描述。在所附附图的图中以示例方式而不以限制方式说明实施例。
图1是在用于DASH的客户机和服务器处的过程的框图。
图2是用于DASH服务的传递的应用知晓端对端QoE架构的框图。
图3是分层元数据MPD文件结构的高级数据模型框图,示出被包括在自适应集合、表示、子表示、段和后续层级中的QoE和粒度带宽属性。
图4是DASH客户机自适应架构的框图。
图5是跨层经优化的DASH客户机自适应架构的框图。
图6是能够实现超文本传输协议上的质量知晓自适应流传输的信息处理系统的框图。
图7是根据移动平板计算机的实施例,如图所示的信息处理系统的立体图。
具体实施方式
在DASH中,清单文件(在DASH的上下文中被称为媒体呈现描述文件或MPD文件)提供分层的元数据信息,该分层的元数据信息关于可用于流传输的媒体内容的结构和该媒体内容的不同版本的可用性。减少MPD文件的分层层级描绘了更小部分的媒体内容。例如,在MPD文件中,自适应集合代表媒体内容成分(如,主视频、音频、标题或其他成分),而自适应集合之内的表示(representation)元素描述一个或数个媒体内容成分中可传递、经编码的版本。DASH也提供子表示(sub-representation),子表示被包含在表示中,通常提供用于访问较低质量的版本的上述表示的能力。例如,子表示允许提取多路复用表示中的音轨;或者如果以较低的帧速率提供,则子表示允许高效的快进操作。DASH也指定表示的可被唯一地寻址的部分(被称为段(segment)),其包括用于确保段被映射进媒体呈现时间轴的信息,用于在一个自适应集合的不同表示之间,或在两个或更多自适应集合的不同表示之间的切换和同步呈现。
在一个示例中,MPD文件将音频和视频成分指定为单独的自适应集合,每个自适应集合包括一个或更多表示,一个或更多表示分别描述各自成分内容的不同的可用版本。在一些实施例中,以不同的比特率、帧速率、分辨率、编解码器类型或在自适应集合之内的表示层级或段层级(或者子表示层级或子段层级)上所指定的其他特性,对上述不同的可用版本进行编码。
客户机基于MPD元数据信息,使用HTTP GET(获得)或部分GET方法请求段,所述MPD元数据信息描述段的关系以及这些段如何形成媒体呈现。当客户机请求数据时,服务器通过发送数据来响应,在该时刻,事务被终止。这样,每个HTTP请求被作为完全独立的、一次性的事务被处理。客户机完全控制流传输会话,即,客户机管理段序列准时的请求和顺畅的播出,潜在地请求具有不同比特率或其他视频自适应参数的段,同时回应设备状态或用户偏好的改变。这样,DASH将自适应流传输智能从服务器移到客户机;客户机驱动流传输会话并且决定标识视频自适应参数的属性。基于DASH的服务在不同的3GPP无线电接入网(RAN)和核心IP网络架构上是可传递的,并且支持诸如QoS和基于QoE的服务自适应之类的自适应参数。
为了能够广泛地传递具有高QoE的多媒体内容,有益的是要设计出用于优化用户QoE和增加QoS的通用跨层设计方法。基于在较低层(即PHY(物理)层、MAC(介质访问控制)层、网络层和传输层)上的资源管理策略,通过设计视频压缩和流传输算法(该流传输算法负责差错控制和较低层所提供的资源分配机制),并且通过考虑视频应用的特定特性,实现QoE驱动的跨层优化。例如,在编解码器层级上的PHY/MAC/NET(网络)-知晓的比特率自适应使流传输服务能够使其比特率适应变化的网络条件(如,变化的资源可用性、无线信道的时变性质等),在保持无中断的多媒体内容回播的同时确保更高的QoE。在无线电、网络和传输层上的应用知晓的PHY/MAC/NET自适应是利用对与视频内容和服务相关联的各种应用层属性的认知。例如,对视频流的速率失真特性的认知允许在PHY/MAC层上执行增强视频质量的QoE知晓调度。另一个示例是内容知晓自适应流传输,其中,使传输层级的流传输协议适应于视频内容特性。
视频内容特性经常基于内容的性质而改变,这就是编码器为什么不能够总是产生一致的质量、并且在同一时刻产生具有某些指定的比特率的位流的一个原因。例如,迅速切换的活动的场景和静态场景(诸如在新闻广播期间的运动视频片段中)很难以一致的质量进行编码,因此,经编码的数据的质量可能显著地波动。此外,当前的无线通信系统和自适应流传输协议(如:3GPP DASH和MPEG DASH)在MPD文件中不提供用于指示质量波动的QoE信息的交换。相反,PHY/MAC/NET层不知道应用层的要求和特性,并且仅仅旨在根据某个目标QoS要求(例如,吞吐量、等待时间(latency)/抖动、分组差错/丢失率或其他QoS要求)来优化链路质量。
图1示出启用DASH的自适应流传输网络100,其包括从网络服务器112获取多媒体服务的客户机110,网络服务器112转而为来自网络/媒体服务器114的多媒体内容服务,多媒体内容存储在网络/媒体服务器114上。网络/媒体服务器114通过音频/视频输入116接收多媒体内容,多媒体内容可以是直播的输入流或预先存储的媒体内容,其中,上述媒体被流传输到客户机110。网络/媒体服务器114可包括:媒体编码器124,其用于将媒体内容编码成合适的格式;和媒体分段器126,其用于将输入媒体内容拆分成适于流传输的一系列片段或块。客户机110可包括:网络浏览器118,其用于与网络服务器112进行交互;和媒体解码器/播放器120,其用于解码并渲染流传输多媒体内容。
在一些实施例中,客户机110开启连向一个或数个标准HTTP服务器或缓存的一个或数个TCP连接。然后,客户机检索提供元数据信息的MPD文件,上述元数据信息关于存储在网络/媒体服务器114中的媒体内容的结构和不同版本的媒体内容的可用性,包括诸如:不同的比特率、帧速率、分辨率、编解码器类型、以及在DASH标准、3GPP TS 26.247和ISO/IEC23009-1:2012(E)中所指定的其他MPD数据模型信息。在一些实施例中,在客户机110上执行的XML解析软件打开(或从存储器访问)MPD信息,并且读取MPD内容的部分,以获取段的HTTPURL和其他相关联的元数据信息,从而使得段能够被映射进媒体呈现时间轴。客户机110使用HTTP GET消息或部分HTTP GET消息来请求块中的新数据,以利用单独的HTTP GET消息获取所选择版本的媒体文件的较小的数据段(HTTP GET URL(FRAG1REQ)、FRAGMENT 1、HTTPGET URL(FRAGi REQ)、FRAGMENTi),这样模仿通过短下载的流传输,如图1中所示。HTTP GET消息的URL被用于告知网络服务器112客户机正在请求哪个或哪些段。结果,网络浏览器118从网络服务器112中逐段地(或者基于字节范围请求逐子段地)拉取媒体。
在网络100上实现DASH向客户机110提供了如下能力:能够不需要与流传输网络服务器112进行协商就自动选择匹配初始可用的带宽的初始内容速率,并且能够在之后随着可用的带宽变化,在表示的不同比特率之间动态地进行切换。结果,在网络100上实现DASH允许更快地适应于变化的网络和无线连接条件、用户偏好、内容特性和设备能力,诸如,显示分辨率、处理器速度和资源、存储器资源等。此类动态自适应提供了改善的(如,一致的)用户QoE,包括:更短的启动延迟、更少的重缓冲事件、更佳的视频质量或其他改进。
根据一个或更多实施例,在网络100上启用DASH将自适应流传输智能从服务器112移动到客户机110,使客户机110驱动流传输会话并且确定视频自适应参数。这样,可在一个或更多实施例中实现专门为基于DASH的流传输服务而构建的智能客户机自适应框架,以跟踪会话状态。从基于推送、基于RTSP的流传输到基于拉取、基于HTTP的流传输的此类范式转换能够提供改善的或最优的用户QoE。此外,由于基于DASH的流传输服务与传统的基于RTSP的流传输服务之间的区别,可凭借对基于QoE的自适应和服务自适应的支持,实现在不同的3GPP RAN和核心IP网络架构上对基于DASH的服务的传递。图2示出DASH服务的端对端QoE传递的示例图。
图2示出端对端QoE架构200,其可用于实现网络100上DASH服务的传递。在图2所示的示例中,网络100可以是3GPP网络等。在一个或更多替代实施例中,网络100可以实现3GPP标准的演进,诸如,3GPP LTE标准、LTE高级型标准、第四代标准(4G)标准或其他标准。网络100可实现电气工程师协会(IEEE)的802.16标准,诸如IEEE 802.16e标准或IEEE 802.16m标准,以实现WiMAX网络或WiMAX-II网络。如图2所示,端对端QoE架构200包括无线网络210和网际协议(IP)网络212。无线网络210和IP网络212的子组件包括:公共网络214,其可以是因特网;核心网络216;接入网络218;基站220,其可以是增强型节点B(eNB);以及移动站点222,其可以是用户装备(UE)。根据一个或更多实施例,DASH服务器224(网络服务器112)能够通过IP网络212和无线网络210,向移动站点222(客户机110)提供流传输多媒体内容226。
如上文所述,在自适应流传输中,客户机接收包括元数据的清单文件,元数据提供用于可用于流传输的不同部分的媒体的质量和速率信息。例如,由客户机来获取MPD文件(在DASH的上下文中),然后,该客户机请求对应于在该MPD中所描述的各种表示的段或子段。客户机可以通过连续地跟踪带宽、质量、CPU负荷或其他信息,在随机接入点(段接入点)上,横跨不同的表示进行切换,以尽力优化用户QoE。在随机接入点上进行切换时,为了在维持高QoE的同时避免大的质量变化,客户机可使用在MPD中所提供的质量信息来确定段切换是否应当发生、应当在何时以及何处发生。
然而,在之前的自适应流传输的尝试中,元数据文件包含有限的能为客户机所用以维持高QoE的信息。例如,在DASH标准的上下文中,已经根据被包括在表示元素(在分层的MPD文件的自适应集合中的表示层级上)中的带宽属性(@带宽)指定了媒体内容带宽。这样,每个表示(或子表示)可代表经编码版本的媒体内容,其具有由@带宽属性所标识的不同的比特率。虽然@带宽属性向DASH客户机提供了使之能够基于@带宽值和连接带宽估计的过程比较在DASH格式的表示和子表示之间动态地进行切换的能力,但是在MPD中没有质量信息可用。特别是,在先前的尝试中,在MPD文件中没有质量信息可用,而客户机是可以使用质量信息容易地标识和排除带宽需求不足或过剩的媒体成分的。此外,@带宽属性没有连同与不同的经编码的媒体内容相关联的对应的质量和QoE一起被作为信号发送到DASH客户机。这样,如果DASH客户机基于在表示中的@带宽值选择DASH格式的媒体内容段时,便导致以下所述的效率低下。首先,以比在DASH客户机上显示所需要的高得多的质量,对所选择用于流传输的一些段(如,那些用于慢速移动场景的段)进行编码,从而在流传输时浪费了带宽。其次,另一些段(如,用于快速移动场景的段)可能质量不足并且减损最终用户体验。因此,先前的自适应流传输技术不提供能够允许客户机基于质量特性在流之间智能地进行切换的足够信息。
本发明的发明人认识到,当由所选择的比特率(即@带宽)所实现的质量降到所期望的或目标数量之下时,客户机处的质量驱动自适应能够改善流传输QoE。此外,当由所选择的带宽所实现的质量超过所期望的数量时,可节约带宽。此外,内容质量可能横跨媒体内容的段和子段显著地变化,但是如先前所述,未在MPD中指定信令质量,因此不可能指示流中的段或子段之间的质量变化。MPD中所提供的质量信息(包括最低和最高质量信息)改善了用户基于诸如每个段的带宽和质量,在优化的流之间动态地进行选择和切换的能力。
相应地,图3示出用于不同的经编码版本的各种媒体成分的MPD数据模型,其包括在表示层级和子表示层级上的(不止先前所提供的比特率、分辨率和帧速率信息之外的)质量相关的信息。此外,该MPD数据模型也包括横跨时段之内的各种表示和子表示的段和子段的质量和比特率信息,以便以更细粒度的方式指示媒体内的质量和速率变化,使更动态和质量更优化的自适应成为可能。虽然图3示出在DASH上下文中的MPD文件,但是质量数据可被包括在用于其他自适应流传输技术的类似清单文件中。
图3示出DASH格式化的MPD文件数据模型300(或简单地说MPD300),其包括含有用于质量知晓自适应流传输的属性的元素。例如,每个时段310包含一个或更多自适应集合320,自适应集合320自身包含一个或更多表示330,表示330描述媒体内容成分(由段340来指示)和子表示350。每个表示330由具有子段350的一个或更多段340组成。如上文所解释的那样,表示330也可包含子表示360。
根据一些实施例,自适应集合320包括具有下列两个属性370的质量信息:最低质量,其为自适应集合中的所有表示指定最低质量值;和最高质量,其为自适应集合中的所有表示指定最高质量值。这些属性包含在所指定的时间轴(例如,媒体内容的所指定的持续时间)上对最低和最高质量等级进行量化的值,上述时间轴可对应时段、段或子段。在一些实施例中,这些值可指示在自适应集合的整个持续时间期间的长期的(或平均的)最低和最高质量衡量。在另一个实施例中,可提供向量化的质量值集合,以为横跨不同的段和子段的自适应集合指定最低和最高质量等级。
根据另一个实施例,表示330包含代表质量380的属性,该属性向表示330所描述的内容分配质量值。该值可以在对应时段、段或子段的持续时间的所指定的时间轴上量化质量等级。在一些实施例中,该值可指示在表示的整个持续时间上的长期的(或平均的)质量衡量。在另一个实施例中,可以提供向量化的质量值集合,以指定横跨表示的不同段和子段的质量等级。在另一些实施例中,也可在表示330的层级上声明两个属性370(最低质量和最高质量),从而在可以对应时段、段或子段的所指定的时间轴上对质量等级进行量化。在一些实施例中,这些值可以指示在表示的整个持续时间上的长期的(或平均的)最低和最高质量衡量。在另一个实施例中,可提供向量化的质量值集合,以指定横跨表示的不同段和子段的最低和最高质量等级。
根据另一个实施例,子表示包含代表质量度量的属性380,该质量度量向子表示所描述的内容分配质量值。该值可在对应时段、段或子段的所指定的时间轴上量化质量等级。在一些实施例中,该值可以指示在子表示的整个持续时间上的长期的(或平均的)质量衡量。在另一个实施例中,可提供向量化的质量值集合,其指定横跨子表示的不同段和子段质量等级。
段和子段自身可通过更细粒度的方式,在段层级和/或子段层级上包含描述带宽和质量的属性390。在一些实施例中,可为段或子段内的字节的给定范围(字节范围)指定带宽和质量等级。一般而言,质量和带宽属性可与段或子段中的任何字节范围相关联,或者与横跨多个段或子段的任何字节范围相关联。
质量属性370、380和390包括质量值,该质量值是对媒体内容的客观或主观质量进行评价或比较的质量度量的所指定的项。在此上下文中的质量度量可以是任何有用的度量。一些示例包括下列度量:视频MS-SSIM(多尺度结构相似度)、视频MOS(平均意见分值)、视频质量度量(VQM)、结构相似度度量(SSIM)、峰值信噪比(PSNR)、视频质量度量的感知评价(PEVQ)以及其他客观或主观的质量度量。
新引进的MPD属性也可以用作报告过程的QoE度量的部分。QoE评价方法、性能度量和报告协议和/或机制可用于优化HTTP流传输和DASH服务的传递。例如,QoE监测和反馈可有益于:检测并调试故障,管理流传输性能,启用智能客户机自适应(对设备制造商可能是有用的),以及有益于促进QoE知晓网络自适应和服务提供(对网络运营商和内容/服务提供者可能是有用的)。
图4示出用于客户机110的DASH客户机自适应架构400和相关联的开放系统互联(OSI)通信层信息422。图4所示的客户机自适应架构400可包括如下面的图5中所示的用于DASH的跨层经优化的平台自适应架构,其中,平台中的视频、传输和无线电组件协作并交换信息,以通过联合的方式标识优化用户QoE所需的最佳平台配置。在一个或更多实施例中,DASH客户机自适应架构400包括下列系统块。无线电自适应和QoS引擎块410能够确定无线电层级的自适应和QoS参数。网络自适应和QoS引擎块412能够确定网络层级的自适应和QoS参数。HTTP接入客户机块414能够处理传输层的超文本传输协议/传输控制协议/网际协议(HTTP/TCP/IP)操作,并且建立和管理TCP连接。DASH控制引擎块416能够解析MPD,并且确定用于DASH的流传输参数,例如,图3中所示的DASH段持续时间的QoE参数或带宽,或者HTTP请求的序列和时序。媒体自适应引擎418能够确定编解码器层级的自适应参数。可选的QoE监测器420能够动态地测量QoE,并且与在MPD文件中所接收的质量信息进行比较。
在一个或更多实施例中,DASH客户机平台400可具有一个或数个配置,这些配置能够通过跨层协作,在视频层级、传输层级和/或无线电层级上共同得到优化,其中,上述配置包括下列参数。视频层级参数可用作配置视频比特率、帧速率和/或分辨率,其中,客户机110的决定能够基于图3中所示的MPD文件中的质量参数,驱动来自DASH服务器112的所请求的内容表示。传输层层级参数可用于配置HTTP请求的序列和时序、并行TCP连接的数量和/或DASH段持续时间。无线电和网络层级参数可用于配置用于核心网络216和无线电接入网218的调制和译码方案(MCS)和/或目标QoS参数。下面的图5中示出,并且参照图5描述了跨层经优化的DASH客户机自适应架构500。
现在参照图5,将讨论根据一个或更多实施例所述的跨层经优化的DASH客户机自适应架构的框图。图5所示的跨层经优化的DASH客户机自适应架构能够优化上面的图4所示的DASH客户机自适应架构的配置。在一个或更多实施例中,跨层经优化的DASH客户机自适应架构500包括跨层自适应管理器510,该跨层自适应管理器510可通过动态地跟踪下列参数,并且将下列参数用作倾向于通过跨层协作来联合地使DASH客户机配置自适应的决定的输入,来优化DASH客户机自适应架构400的配置。所测量的QoE参数可用于优化并确认VQM、MS-SSIM、SSIM、PEVQ、MOS或其他客观或主观的质量度量。此外,可被优化的附加参数包括:所测量的视频速率-失真特性;在应用层上的用户偏好;从MPD检索到的多媒体相关的信息;从网络上接收到的关于当前QoS可用性和网络拥塞状态的信息;诸如吞吐量、等待时间、可靠性等之类的所测量的动态QoS参数;所测量的在无线电和传输层级上的动态信道/网络条件;或者功率或等待时间预算;以及在在平台架构层级上的中央处理单元(CPU)/缓冲/存储器的要求。然而,这些仅是可通过跨层经优化的DASH客户机自适应架构500得以优化的示例参数。
图6示出根据一个或更多实施例所述的信息处理系统600的框图,该信息处理系统600能够在HTTP上实现质量知晓自适应流传输。信息处理系统600可以有形地具体化图1和图2中所示和所描述的网络100的任何网络元件中的一个或多个。例如,信息处理系统600可以代表客户机110、eNB网络服务器112、和/或网络/媒体服务器114的硬件,取决于特定设备或网络元件的硬件规格,可具有更多或更少的组件。虽然信息处理系统600代表数个类型的计算平台中的一个示例,但是信息处理系统600可包括比图6中所示出的更多或更少的元件和/或与图6中所示的元件不同布置的元件。
信息处理系统600可以包括诸如处理器610和/或处理器612之类的一个或多个处理器,该一个或多个处理器可包括一个或多个处理核。处理器610、612中的一个或多个可通过存储器桥614耦合到一个或多个存储器616、618,存储器桥614可设置在处理器610、612的外部,或者替代地可以至少部分地设置在处理器610、612中的一个或多个之内。存储器616、618可包括各种类型的基于半导体的存储器,例如易失型存储器和/或非易失型存储器。存储器桥614可耦合到图形系统620,以驱动被耦合到信息处理系统600的显示设备(未示出)。
信息处理系统600可进一步包括输入/输出(I/O)桥622,以便耦合到各种类型的I/O系统。I/O系统624可以包括例如,通用串行总线(USB)型系统、IEEE 1394型系统,等等,以将一个或多个外围设备耦合到信息处理系统600。总线系统626可包括诸如外围组件互连(PCI)高速型总线等之类的一个或多个总线系统,以将一个或多个外围设备连接到信息处理系统600。硬盘驱动器(HDD)控制器系统628可以将一个或多个硬盘驱动器等耦合到信息处理系统,上述一个或多个硬盘驱动器例如,串行ATA型驱动器等,或者包括闪存、相变和/或硫属化物(chalcogenide)型存储器等的基于半导体的驱动器。交换机630可用于将一个或多个交换设备耦合到I/O桥622,上述一个或多个交换设备例如是吉比特以太网型设备等。此外,如图6所示,信息处理系统600可包括射频(RF)收发机632,该射频收发机632包括RF电路和设备,该RF电路和设备被耦合到一根或多根天线634,用于与其他无线通信设备进行的无线通信和/或通过诸如图1或图2所示的传输系统100之类的无线网络进行的无线通信。在信息处理系统包括多根天线634的情况下,RF接收机632可实现多输入多输出(MIMO)通信方案。下面的图7中示出,并且参照图7描述在UE的上下文中的信息处理系统的示例实施例。
图7是图6所示的信息处理系统600的立体图,信息处理系统600被具体化为蜂窝电话、智能电话、平板型设备等。系统600包括图1所示的客户机110,并且系统600实现根据一个或更多实施例所述的HTTP上的质量知晓自适应流传输。信息处理系统600可包括壳体710,壳体710具有显示器712,显示器712包括触屏714,触屏714用于接收通过用户的手指716和/或指示笔718执行的触觉输入控制和命令,以控制处理器610或处理器612中的一个或多个。壳体710可以容纳信息处理系统600的一个或更多组件,例如,处理器610、612中的一个或多个、存储器616、618中的一个或多个、或者收发机632。信息处理系统600进一步可以可选地包括物理执行器区720,其可包括用于通过一个或更多按钮或开关来控制信息处理系统的键盘或按钮。信息处理系统600也可包括用于接收非易失性存储器的端口或插槽722,非易失性存储器诸如是闪存,闪存例如是安全数字(SD)卡或订户身份模块(SIM)卡形式的。可选地,信息处理系统600可进一步包括一个或更多扬声器和话筒724以及连接端口,该连接端口用于将信息处理系统600连接到其他电子设备、对接设备、显示器、电池充电器等。此外,信息处理系统600可包括耳机或扬声器插孔728以及在壳体710的一侧或更多侧上的一个或更多相机730。应当注意,在各种布置中,图6和图7所示的信息处理系统600可包括比所示出的更多或更少的元件。
在一些实施例中,信息处理系统包括用于支持网络上的质量知晓自适应媒体流传输的无线网络设备,该无线网络设备包括用于接收清单文件的射频收发机。如参考上面的图3所进行的讨论那样,清单文件是分层的结构,其定义自适应集合层级,该自适应集合层级包括对应于不同版本的媒体内容的多个表示层级。每个表示层级包括多个段层级,并且每个段层级包括多个子段层级。信息处理系统600具有电路(如,处理器610或处理器612),该电路配置成用于解析清单文件以读取信息,该信息表征可用于HTTP自适应流传输(如,DASH)的媒体内容的经编码的部分,其中,上述清单文件是MPD文件。信息处理系统600从MPD文件的部分中获取从清单文件中解析得到的质量属性。质量属性包括质量信息,该质量信息指定与媒体内容经编码的部分相关联的视频质量值。信息处理系统600也从清单文件中解析得到的带宽属性中获取带宽信息,该带宽信息指定与媒体内容经编码的部分相关联的比特率值。基于上述带宽信息和质量信息,信息处理系统600选择媒体内容的第一经编码的部分,用于通过射频收发机向无线网络设备进行流传输。响应于与媒体内容的第一经编码的部分相关联的质量信息超过或低于所期望的视频质量值,信息处理系统600动态地切换到媒体内容的第二经编码的部分,其中,与媒体内容的第二经编码的部分相关联的带宽信息指示上述第二经编码的部分的比特率值不超过网络的带宽容量。
本领域技术人员会理解,可对上述实施例的细节进行许多改变,而不背离本发明的基本原则。因此,本发明的范围应当仅由所附权利要求确定。

Claims (28)

1.一种超文本传输协议上的动态自适应流传输(DASH)客户机,所述DASH客户机包括电路,所述电路用于:
从DASH服务器请求媒体呈现描述(MPD),所述MPD包括MPD元素和参数,所述MPD元素定义了可用于从所述DASH服务器作为一个或多个DASH段流传输的媒体数据的相应表示,所述参数指示媒体数据的所述相应表示的质量元数据,所述质量元数据基于媒体数据的所述相应表示的相关测量而指示质量度量;
从所述DASH服务器接收所述MPD;
获得由所述参数指示的质量元数据;以及
基于所述质量度量选择媒体数据的所述相应表示的DASH段用于从所述DASH服务器传送。
2.如权利要求1所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述参数被包括在不同于所述MPD元素的另一MPD元素中,且所述参数指示所述质量元数据的可用性。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量元数据包括多个质量度量。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量度量包括峰值信噪比(PSNR)。
5.如权利要求4所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述PSNR是平均PSNR。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量度量包括结构相似度度量(SSIM)。
7.如权利要求6所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述SSIM是平均SSIM。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量度量包括多尺度结构相似度(MS-SSIM)。
9.如权利要求8所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述MS-SSIM包括平均MS-SSIM。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量度量是表示视频质量的客观度量的视频质量度量(VQM)。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量度量包括视频质量度量的感知评价(PEVQ)。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量度量包括平均意见分值(MOS)。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量元数据包括主观视频质量信息。
14.一种超文本传输协议上的动态自适应流传输(DASH)客户机,所述DASH客户机包括一个或多个处理器,所述一个或多个处理器用于:
从超文本传输协议上的动态自适应流传输(DASH)服务器请求媒体呈现描述(MPD),所述MPD包括MPD元素和参数,所述MPD元素定义了可用于从所述DASH服务器作为一个或多个DASH段流传输的媒体数据的相应表示,所述参数指示媒体数据的所述相应表示的质量信息,所述质量信息基于媒体数据的所述相应表示的相关测量而指示质量度量;
从所述DASH服务器接收所述MPD;
获得由所述参数指示的质量信息;以及
基于所述质量度量选择媒体数据的所述相应表示的DASH段用于从所述DASH服务器传送。
15.如权利要求14所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述参数被包括在不同于所述MPD元素的另一MPD元素中,且所述参数指示所述质量信息的可用性。
16.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述一个或多个处理器用于下载所述DASH段。
17.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述一个或多个处理器用于下载所述质量信息作为质量源数据。
18.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述MPD元素是表示元素。
19.如权利要求15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述另一MPD元素是表示元素。
20.如权利要求15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述另一MPD元素是自适应集合元素。
21.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量信息对与DASH时段的媒体回播持续时间相对应的时段上的视频质量度量进行量化。
22.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量信息对与所述DASH段的媒体回播持续时间相对应的时段上的视频质量度量进行量化。
23.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量信息对与DASH子段的媒体回播持续时间相对应的时段上的视频质量度量进行量化。
24.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量信息对与所述MPD元素的媒体回播持续时间相对应的时段上的视频质量度量进行量化。
25.如权利要求14或15所述的DASH客户机,其特征在于,所述质量信息对与DASH表示的媒体回播持续时间相对应的时段上的视频质量度量进行量化。
26.一种超文本传输协议上的动态自适应流传输(DASH)服务器,所述DASH服务器包括一个或多个处理器,所述一个或多个处理器用于:
从DASH客户机接收对媒体呈现描述(MPD)的请求,所述MPD包括MPD元素和参数,所述MPD元素定义了可用于从所述DASH服务器作为一个或多个DASH段流传输的媒体内容的表示,所述参数指示所述表示的质量信息,所述质量信息基于所述表示的相关测量而指示质量度量;
响应于所述请求,将所述MPD提供至所述DASH客户机;以及
传送由所述DASH客户机基于所述质量度量选择的媒体内容的所述表示的DASH段。
27.如权利要求26所述的DASH服务器,其特征在于,所述参数被包括在不同于所述MPD元素的另一MPD元素中,且所述参数指示所述质量信息的可用性。
28.如权利要求27所述的DASH服务器,其特征在于,所述另一MPD元素是表示元素。
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