CN106365657A - 一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106365657A
CN106365657A CN201610776257.5A CN201610776257A CN106365657A CN 106365657 A CN106365657 A CN 106365657A CN 201610776257 A CN201610776257 A CN 201610776257A CN 106365657 A CN106365657 A CN 106365657A
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胡宏平
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Dongying Dongkai Industrial Park Operation Management Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料及其制备方法,耐火材料组成为:镁橄榄石40%‑60%,蛇纹石细粉20%‑30%,氧化钙5%‑10%,碳化硅5%‑10%,结合剂5%‑9%,增塑剂1‑5%。以镁橄榄石的质量为100%计,镁橄榄石的粒径配比为:8‑5 mm 20%‑30%,5‑3 mm 50%‑65%,3‑1 mm 10%‑15%,小于1mm≤5%。富镁矿物煅烧分解得到氧化镁,具有较高的耐火度,氧化钙是碱性氧化物,对碱性渣和铁渣具有很好的抵抗性,碳化硅的热膨胀系数小,可以提高耐火材料的抗热震性,同时碳化硅高温下在耐火材料层生成二氧化硅层膜,防止炉渣对耐火材料层的浸透,抑制炉渣对耐火材料的腐蚀。

Description

一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种抗侵蚀性能优异、抗热震性能好、防结渣效果凸出的镁碳钙耐火材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
莫来石是一种高温下形成的铝硅酸盐矿物,作为一种优质耐火材料,具有强度高、熔点高、热导率低等优点,现被广泛应用于钢铁、有色、化工等各工业领域的窑炉、热工设备和构筑物中。但莫来石作为耐火材料使用时仍存在以下不足:1)莫来石是一种高铝矿物,其主要成份3Al2O3·2SiO2,作为耐火材料在炼钢炉等具有碱性气氛的设备中使用时易受到侵蚀。2)莫来石在炼钢炉等设备上使用时抵抗铁渣、碱性泥渣的效果差。3)莫来石耐火材料制品的抗热震稳定性差。
中国专利CN2007103045733,专利名称高强低导热节能材料,申请日期2016年3月31日,公开了一种以微孔莫来石为骨料,添加活性氧化铝微粉、二氧化硅微粉、高温水泥与矾土细粉的耐火材料制品,具有导热系数小,热损失少的优点,但是该耐火材料中氧化铝的含量达到52%-81%,使该耐火材料抗结渣能力弱、抗侵蚀能力及抗热震性差,因而对于炼钢炉、冶金窑炉等设备的适用性差。
发明内容
针对莫来石等高铝矿物作为耐火材料的抗热震性、抗碱性气氛侵蚀能力以及防结渣能力差的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种以镁橄榄岩等富镁矿物为原料的、抗热震性能好,抗侵蚀能力优异,防结渣效果凸出的镁碳钙复合耐火材料。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供该耐火材料的制备方法。
本发明提供如下的技术方案:
一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料,所述镁碳钙复合耐火材料的组成和相应的质量百分比为:镁橄榄石40%-60%,蛇纹石细粉20%-30%,氧化钙5%-10%,碳化硅5%-10%,结合剂5%-9%,增塑剂1-5%。镁橄榄石的主要成份是2MgO·2SiO2,是一种富镁矿物,具有耐高温、抗侵蚀、化学稳定性好等优点,其煅烧分解的氧化镁则是一种碱性氧化物,有很好的耐火绝缘性能,经1000℃以上高温烧灼可转变为晶体,升至1500℃以上则变成烧结氧化镁,热导系数低,抗侵蚀和化学性能稳定,对碱性渣和铁渣具有很好的抵抗性。蛇纹石也是富镁硅酸盐矿物,其煅烧分解后的产物是氧化镁,将蛇纹石与镁橄榄石配合使用,充分利用资源。氧化钙是一种碱性氧化物,熔点为2572℃,具有很好的耐热性能,对碱性渣和铁渣具有很好的抵抗性。碳化硅的热膨胀系数小,可以提高耐火材料的抗热震性,同时碳化硅高温下在耐火材料层生成二氧化硅层膜,防止炉渣对耐火材料层的浸透,同时碳化硅可与熔炉中的碱性气氛发生反应,产物在熔融后玻璃化,防止炉内碱性气氛侵蚀耐火材料内部,增强耐火材料的抗侵蚀性能。
作为本发明的一种优选,以镁橄榄石的质量为100%计,所述镁橄榄石的粒径等级及相应的质量配比为:8-5 mm 20%-30%,5-3 mm 50%-65%,3-1 mm 10%-15%,小于1mm ≤5%。镁橄榄石的粒径主要在3mm以上,这样能够有效利用粒径较大的镁橄榄石,相应的降低原料的成本。
作为本发明的一种优选,以结合剂的质量为100%计,所述结合剂的组成和相应的质量比例为:硅微粉 30%-50%,黏土50%-70%。硅微粉耐温性好,耐酸碱腐蚀,化学性能稳定,能够填充在粉末间隙中,并与氧化镁反应生成凝胶体。黏土可以结合非塑性原料而形成良好的可塑泥团。
作为本发明的一种优选,以增塑剂的质量为100%计,所述增塑剂的组成和相应的质量比例为:膨润土50%-70%,羟丙基甲基纤维素30-50%。膨润土的主要成份是蒙脱石,其晶体结构为2:1型层状结构,加热至200-700℃出现缓慢膨胀,在700-800℃脱水形成无水蒙脱石,然后收缩,并在950℃以上后开始膨胀,具有很好的可塑性,而且无水蒙脱石可以改变耐火材料表面的附着力,防止耐火材料表面附着熔渣等。羟丙基甲基纤维素可以避免耐火材料在涂覆后因干的太快发生龟裂,并增强涂覆后耐火材料的硬化强度。
作为本发明的一种优选,所述结合剂的制备过程如下:按相应的质量比例分别取黏土和硅微粉,放入2倍黏土与硅微粉总质量的乙二醇中,70℃下搅拌15分钟,使黏土与硅微粉在乙二醇中分散均匀。结合剂采用乙二醇做溶剂,将硅微粉与黏土在乙二醇中分散均匀,所表现的结合性能优于将硅微粉与黏土直接干混,加热搅拌有助于黏土与硅微粉的均匀混合。
作为本发明的一种优选,所述增塑剂的制备过程如下:将膨润土研磨至能筛过200目以上的筛网,按相应的质量比例取研磨后的膨润土,加入3倍膨润土质量的乙二醇,70℃下搅拌15分钟,然后取对应质量比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素添加到膨润土的乙二醇悬浮液中,继续70℃下搅拌30分钟,使羟丙基甲基纤维素分散均匀。将膨润土研磨成粉末状态后与羟丙基甲基纤维素的混合效果好,而且能更好的填充耐火材料间隙。
一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料的制备方法,将镁橄榄石进行清水除杂和磁选去铁,然后在80℃下干燥,研磨干燥后的镁橄榄石至能筛过80目以上的筛网,按上述质量比例分别取研磨后的镁橄榄石和其他各原料,将研磨后的镁橄榄石与蛇纹石细粉、氧化钙及碳化硅混合均匀,向混合料中加入制备好的结合剂,50℃下混合15分钟,继续加入制备好的增塑剂,混合15分钟,然后在220℃-290℃下干燥10-12小时,经1500℃-1730℃煅烧2小时,降温至1000℃-1180℃保温2.5-5小时,降温至550℃-620℃保温2.5-5小时,降温至220℃-290℃保温1.0-2.5小时,自然降温至室温,封装。在将各原料混合前,将镁橄榄石研磨至细粉状态,有助于各原料的均匀混合,将搅拌温度设置在50℃下则有助于结合剂与增塑剂的分散均匀,使耐火材料各部分的组份组成均匀,性能稳定,干燥后进行煅烧,以去除镁橄榄岩石中的灼减成份。通过阶段降温的方式,实现耐火材料降至常温,避免温度骤降使某些组份发生晶型转化,影响耐火材料的使用效果。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的耐火材料具有抗热震性能好,抗侵蚀能力优异,防结渣效果凸出的优点。1)富镁矿物在高温下煅烧分解得到氧化镁,具有较高的耐火度。氧化镁与氧化钙是碱性氧化物,具有很好的耐热性能,对碱性渣和铁渣具有很好的抵抗性。2)碳化硅的热膨胀系数小,可以提高耐火材料的抗热震性,同时碳化硅高温下在耐火材料层生成二氧化硅层膜,防止炉渣对耐火材料层的浸透,抑制炉渣对耐火材料的腐蚀。3)膨润土在煅烧后形成的无水蒙脱石,能够改变耐火材料表面的附着力,防止耐火材料表面附着熔渣等。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但并非对其保护范围的限制:
本发明中,若非特指,所采用的原料均可以从市场上购得或是本领域常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
本发明所用的镁橄榄石的粒径等级及相应的质量配比为:以镁橄榄石的质量为100%计,8-5 mm 20%-30%,5-3 mm 50%-65%,3-1 mm 10%-15%,小于1mm ≤5%。
本发明所用的结合剂的组成和相应的质量比例为:以结合剂的质量为100%计,结合剂的组成和相应的质量比例为:硅微粉 30%-50%,黏土50%-70%。
本发明所用的结合剂的制备过程如下:按相应的质量比例分别取黏土和硅微粉,放入2倍黏土与硅微粉总质量的乙二醇中,70℃下搅拌15分钟,使黏土与硅微粉在乙二醇中分散均匀。
本发明所用增塑剂的组成和相应的质量比例为:以增塑剂的质量为100%计,膨润土50%-70%,羟丙基甲基纤维素30-50%。
本发明所用增塑剂的制备过程如下:将膨润土研磨至能筛过200目以上的筛网,按相应的质量比例取研磨后的膨润土,加入3倍膨润土质量的乙二醇,70℃下搅拌15分钟,然后取对应质量比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素添加到膨润土的乙二醇悬浮液中,继续70℃下搅拌30分钟,使羟丙基甲基纤维素分散均匀。
实施例1:
一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其组成和相应的质量百分比为:镁橄榄石40%,蛇纹石细粉30%,氧化钙10%,碳化硅10%,结合剂7%,增塑剂3%。
镁碳钙复合耐火材料的制备方法:将镁橄榄石进行清水除杂和磁选去铁,然后在80℃下干燥,研磨干燥后的镁橄榄石至能筛过80目以上的筛网,按上述质量比例分别取研磨后的镁橄榄石和其他各原料,将研磨后的镁橄榄石与蛇纹石细粉、氧化钙、碳化硅混合均匀,向混合料中加入制备好的结合剂,50℃混合15分钟,继续加入制备好的增塑剂,混合15分钟,然后在220℃下干燥10小时,经1500℃煅烧2小时,降温至1000℃保温2.5小时,降温至550℃保温2.5小时,降温至220℃保温1.0小时,自然降温至室温,检验,封装。
实施例2:
一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其组份和相应的质量百分比为:镁橄榄石50%,蛇纹石细粉25%,氧化钙8%,碳化硅7%,结合剂9%,增塑剂1%。
镁碳钙复合耐火材料的制备方法:将镁橄榄石进行清水除杂和磁选去铁,然后在80℃下干燥,研磨干燥后的镁橄榄石至能筛过80目以上的筛网,按上述质量比例分别取研磨后的镁橄榄石和其他各原料,将研磨后的镁橄榄石与蛇纹石细粉、氧化钙与碳化硅混合均匀,向混合料中加入制备好的结合剂,50℃混合15分钟,继续加入制备好的增塑剂,混合15分钟,然后在250℃下干燥11小时,经1600℃煅烧2小时,降温至1100℃保温4小时,降温至580℃保温4小时,降温至250℃保温2.0小时,自然降温至室温,检验,封装。
实施例3:
一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其组份和相应的质量百分比为:镁橄榄石60%,蛇纹石细粉20%,氧化钙5%,碳化硅5%,结合剂5%,增塑剂5%。
镁碳钙复合耐火材料的制备方法:将镁橄榄石进行清水除杂和磁选去铁,然后在80℃下干燥,研磨干燥后的镁橄榄石至能筛过80目以上的筛网,按上述质量比例分别取研磨后的镁橄榄石和其他各原料,将研磨后的镁橄榄石与蛇纹石细粉、氧化钙与碳化硅混合均匀,向混合料中加入制备好的结合剂,50℃混合15分钟,继续加入制备好的增塑剂,混合15分钟,然后在290℃下干燥12小时,经1730℃煅烧2小时,降温至1180℃保温5小时,降温至620℃保温5小时,降温至290℃保温2.5小时,自然降温至室温,检验,封装。
实施例1-3制备的耐火材料与对比例1的耐火材料的测试性能见表1,其中对比例1为市售的莫来石高铝耐火材料。测试前将各耐火材料加入水和乳胶搅拌,然后以常规方式涂抹在测试柱上,经干燥后测试,测试柱为石墨碳纤维布材质所制,最高可承受2500℃高温。抗热震性以能够承受水冷与1400℃之间的交变次数表示。耐腐蚀性以炼钢炉渣在1400℃时进行侵蚀试验后的侵蚀尺寸表示,其中对比例1的测试结果为100,测试结果越大表示耐腐蚀性能越低。抗结渣性则以侵蚀试验后,炼钢炉渣的渗透尺寸表示,其中对比例1的测试结果为100,测试结果数值越大表示抗结渣性越弱。
表1
—— 对比例1 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
软化温度 ℃ ≥1680 ≥1750 ≥1750 ≥1750
抗热震性 次 38 52 48 43
耐腐蚀性 100 80 71 62
抗结渣性 100 79 70 60

Claims (7)

1.一种镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其特征在于,所述镁碳钙复合耐火材料的组成和相应的质量百分比为:镁橄榄石40%-60%,蛇纹石细粉20%-30%,氧化钙5%-10%,碳化硅5%-10%,结合剂5%-9%,增塑剂1-5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其特征在于,以镁橄榄石的质量为100%计,所述镁橄榄石的粒径等级及相应的质量配比为:8-5 mm 20%-30%,5-3 mm 50%-65%,3-1mm 10%-15%,小于1mm ≤5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其特征在于,以结合剂的质量为100%计,所述结合剂的组成和相应的质量比例为:硅微粉 30%-50%,黏土50%-70%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其特征在于,以增塑剂的质量为100%计,所述增塑剂的组成和相应的质量比例为:膨润土50%-70%,羟丙基甲基纤维素30-50%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其特征在于,所述结合剂的制备过程如下:按相应的质量比例分别取黏土和硅微粉,放入2倍黏土与硅微粉总质量的乙二醇中,70℃下搅拌15分钟,使黏土与硅微粉在乙二醇中分散均匀。
6.根据权利要求4所述的镁碳钙复合耐火材料,其特征在于,所述增塑剂的制备过程如下:将膨润土研磨至能筛过200目以上的筛网,按相应的质量比例取研磨后的膨润土,加入3倍膨润土质量的乙二醇,70℃下搅拌15分钟,然后取对应质量比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素添加到膨润土的乙二醇悬浮液中,继续70℃下搅拌30分钟,使羟丙基甲基纤维素分散均匀。
7.一种如权利要求1至6中任一所述的镁碳钙复合耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将镁橄榄石进行清水除杂和磁选去铁,然后在80℃下干燥,研磨干燥后的镁橄榄石至能筛过80目以上的筛网,按上述质量比例分别取研磨后的镁橄榄石和其他各原料,将研磨后的镁橄榄石与蛇纹石细粉、氧化钙及碳化硅混合均匀,向混合料中加入制备好的结合剂,50℃下混合15分钟,继续加入制备好的增塑剂,混合15分钟,然后在220℃-290℃下干燥10-12小时,经1500℃-1730℃煅烧2小时,降温至1000℃-1180℃保温2.5-5小时,降温至550℃-620℃保温2.5-5小时,降温至220℃-290℃保温1.0-2.5小时,自然降温至室温,封装。
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