CN106350401A - Chinese yam polysaccharide, Chinese yam healthcare wine and production method thereof - Google Patents
Chinese yam polysaccharide, Chinese yam healthcare wine and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/04—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by mixing, e.g. for preparation of liqueurs
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K36/77—Sapindaceae (Soapberry family), e.g. lychee or soapberry
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- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/894—Dioscoreaceae (Yam family)
- A61K36/8945—Dioscorea, e.g. yam, Chinese yam or water yam
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and in particular relates to a Chinese yam polysaccharide, a Chinese yam healthcare wine and a production method thereof, aiming to solve a first technical problem of providing a Chinese yam polysaccharide and a preparation method thereof. As the Chinese yam polysaccharide is extracted by using alpha-amylase and saccharifying enzyme in an assistant manner, mere water extraction is avoided, the problem that the Chinese yam polysaccharide cannot be completely released as starch granule wrapping constraint is not broken can be solved, through enzymolysis, starch granules can be broken, dissolution of the Chinese yam polysaccharide can be promoted, and thus the yield of the Chinese yam polysaccharide is remarkably increased; and furthermore, starch mixed in an extract can be effectively eliminated, so that the purity of a crude polysaccharide in the obtained extract can be greatly increased. The Chinese yam healthcare wine prepared by using the method provided by the invention is light golden yellow in color, has wine fragrance and taste and flavor and smell of certain medicinal raw materials, is free of odor, and has very good market prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing technology field is and in particular to a kind of Chinese yam polysaccharide, yam health wine and its producer
Method.
Background technology
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, scientific name Rhizoma Dioscoreae, latin name dioscorea opposita, also known as mountain potato, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, jade prolong, and are Dioscoreaceae
(dioscoreaceae) tuber of Wild yam (dioscorea) plant, belongs to medicine-food two-purpose resource.The dry rhizome quilt of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
It is embodied in pharmacopeia, its sweet in the mouth, mild-natured, returns spleen lung kidney channel, there is spleen reinforcing nourishing the stomach, engender liquid and benefic lung, the function of the kidney invigorating arresting seminal emission.For
Spleen eating less, loose stool of having loose bowels, the disease such as leukorrhagia.
From the point of view of traditional medicine angle, Rhizoma Dioscoreae is the outstanding medical material promoting body immunity to improve.And on the other hand, fresh mountain
In medicine, solid content accounts for 20% about.Contain multiple nutritional components in solid content and effect becomes, including multiple kinds of carbohydrate, fat
Fat, protein, vitamin, trace element etc., and comprise ten several aminoacid of needed by human body.Functional component such as polysaccharide (bag
Include glycoprotein and mucus albumen), phytic acid, saponin, allantoin (5- ureido-hydantoin amine), dopamine, amylase, 3,4- dihydroxy
Phenethylamine (aromatic amine), cholesterol, ergosterol, campesterol, cupreol, polyphenol oxidase etc..The ore deposit either enriched
Functional component crude polysaccharides in matter-element plain sheet, potassium, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium, or vitamin, aminoacid, or Rhizoma Dioscoreae, saponin etc. are all
To the balance promoting body microscopic system, the reaction of immunocyte in immune system, there is good front facilitation.
With China resident for pandemic degree of concern more and more higher, each side expert starts to drum in itself
The importance of immunity, thus improve the attention rate to enhancing immunity food, promotes the consumption demand of such product.Mountain
Medicine is the well-known function raw material contributing to enhancing immunity of money in itself, but its utilization rate in alcohol product is relatively low,
And all not becoming the main selling point of product, its reason is likely due in Rhizoma Dioscoreae except abundant nutritional labeling and functional component
Outward, the much starch also containing, the presence of starch to functional component using, all have considerable influence to the organoleptic quality of medicated wine,
Technique and product stability easily form technology barrier, thus limiting the development of this kind product.Accordingly, it would be desirable to it is a kind of
The production method of new yam wine is to overcome starch that Rhizoma Dioscoreae functional component is utilized, the impact of medicated wine mouthfeel.
By patent documentation and non-patent literature retrieval, and market survey, not yet find have Rhizoma Dioscoreae and Radix Codonopsis, stone
Dry measure used in former times, Arillus Longan are obtained the reported in literature of assembled alcoholic drinkss for raw material.
Content of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Chinese yam polysaccharide and preparation method thereof, using α-shallow lake
Powder enzyme, saccharifying enzyme assisted extraction Chinese yam polysaccharide, had both avoided simple flooding, did not abolish starch granuless parcel constraint, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae is many
Sugared then cannot completely release problem pass through enzymolysis, having cracked starch granuless, having promoted the dissolution of Chinese yam polysaccharide hence it is evident that carrying
High Chinese yam polysaccharide yield；The starch being mixed in extracting solution is also carried out effectively removing again, has substantially increased gained and extract
The purity of crude polysaccharides in liquid.
The extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide of the present invention it is characterised in that: step is as follows:
A, pulverizing: pulverize Rhizoma Dioscoreae, cross 20 mesh sieves；
B, extraction: Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and α-amylase mixing and water adding, heating in water bath, add saccharifying enzyme, heating in water bath；
C, enzyme denaturing: heated material, to seething with excitement, is cooled to room temperature；
D, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step c, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
E, filtration: step d gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is Chinese yam extract；
F, drying: dried filtrate, obtain final product Chinese yam polysaccharide.
Wherein, α-amylase described in step b and the weight proportion of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder are: 1～5 part of α-amylase, Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder 100
Part；Add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:10～1:30, hydrolysis temperature is 40～60 DEG C, enzymolysis time is 60～90min；Preferably, by material
Liquor ratio 1:20 adds water；Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；Preferably, enzymolysis time is 60min.
Wherein, saccharifying enzyme described in step b and the weight proportion of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder are: 1～5 part of saccharifying enzyme, 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；Enzyme
Solution temperature is 50～60 DEG C, and enzymolysis time is 60～120min；Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；Preferably, enzymolysis time is
60min.
Wherein, described in step c, during enzyme denaturing, boiling time is less than 3min.
Wherein, the centrifugal sedimentation of step d separates c and adopts the separation of low speed sedimentation centrifuge, and rotating speed is 4000～5000r/min,
Time is 5～10min；Preferably, rotating speed is 4000r/min；Preferably, the time is 5min.
The Chinese yam polysaccharide purity that extracting method of the present invention is prepared is high.
The production method of yam health wine of the present invention.The method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of raw material → Chinese yam polysaccharide enzyme
Solution assisted extraction → enzyme denaturing → centrifugal sedimentation separates 1 → filtration, 1 → Radix Codonopsis, Herba Dendrobii, Arillus Longan water extraction → centrifugal sedimentation separation 2
→ filter 2 → merging preparation mother solution and concentrate → precipitate with ethanol remove impurity → centrifugal sedimentation separation 3 → filter 23 → recovery ethanol → allotment.
Yam health wine of the present invention it is characterised in that: include the following raw material medicine and Chinese liquor:
Crude drug, counts: 1～5 part of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.1～0.5 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.1～0.5 part of Herba Dendrobii, Arillus Longan by weight ratio
0.2～0.5 part；Appropriate Chinese liquor.
Further preferably, yam health wine of the present invention it is characterised in that: include the following raw material medicine and Chinese liquor:
Crude drug, counts: 1～5 part of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.1～0.5 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.1～0.5 part of Herba Dendrobii, Arillus Longan by weight ratio
0.2～0.5 part；
93.5～98.6 parts of Chinese liquor.
The preparation method of yam health wine of the present invention it is characterised in that: step is as follows
(1) weigh crude drug；1～5 part of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.1～0.5 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.1～0.5 part of Herba Dendrobii, Arillus Longan 0.2～0.5
Part；
(2) pulverize Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Codonopsis, Herba Dendrobii, at least cross 20 mesh；
(3) prepare Chinese yam extract:
A, take step (2) pulverize gained Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
B, extraction: Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and α-amylase mixing and water adding, heating in water bath, add saccharifying enzyme, heating in water bath；
C, enzyme denaturing: heated material, to seething with excitement, is cooled to room temperature；
D, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step c, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
E, filtration: step d gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is Chinese yam extract；
(4) prepare compound extracted solution:
A, step (2) is taken to pulverize gained Radix Codonopsis powder, dendrobe powder, and Arillus Longan；
B, extracting in water；
C, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step b, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
D, filtration: step c gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is compound extracted solution；
(5) merge: combining step (3) gained Chinese yam extract and step (4) gained compound extracted solution, concentrating under reduced pressure obtains dense
Contracting mother solution；
(6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity: step (5) gained concentrated mother liquor adds dehydrated alcohol, freezing standing；
(7) centrifugal sedimentation: the material centrifugal sedimentation after step (6) standing, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
(8) filter: step (7) gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate；
(9) reclaim ethanol: after step (8) gained filtrate recycling ethanol, remaining aqueous solution is mother solution；
(10) allocate: step (9) is mother liquid obtained plus Chinese liquor adjustment alcoholic strength is to setting.
Wherein, step (3) preparation Chinese yam extract at least meets following any one:
α-amylase described in step b with the weight proportion of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder is: 1～5 part of α-amylase, 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
Described in step b during enzymolyzing alpha-amylase, add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:10～1:30；Preferably, add by solid-liquid ratio 1:20
Water；
Enzymolyzing alpha-amylase temperature described in step b is 40～60 DEG C；Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；
The enzymolyzing alpha-amylase time described in step b is 60～90min；Preferably, enzymolysis time is 60min；
Saccharifying enzyme described in step b with the weight proportion of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder is: 1～5 part of saccharifying enzyme, 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
Saccharifying enzyme hydrolysis temperature described in step b is 50～60 DEG C；Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；
Saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time described in step b is 60～120min；Preferably, enzymolysis time is 60min；
Described in step c, during enzyme denaturing, boiling time is less than 3min；
The centrifugal sedimentation of step d separates c and adopts low speed sedimentation centrifuge to separate, and rotating speed is 4000～5000r/min, and the time is
5～10min；
Preferably, step d rotating speed is 4000r/min；Preferably, the step d time is 5min.
Wherein, step (4) is prepared compound extracted solution and is at least met following any one:
Described in step b, extracting in water condition is: solid-liquid ratio is 1:10～1:30；Preferably, solid-liquid ratio is 1:20；
Described in step b, extracting in water condition is: 60～80 DEG C of Extracting temperature；Preferably, 70 DEG C of Extracting temperature；
Described in step b, extracting in water condition is: extraction time 2h～4h；Extraction time 120min.
Following any one is at least met in health care method for preparing medicated wine of the present invention:
Step (5) merges described concentrating under reduced pressure and is 3～5 times；
Dehydrated alcohol described in step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity makes solution ethanol volumetric concentration 40%l～50%；
Described in step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity, freezing dwell temperature is -10 DEG C～-20 DEG C；
Step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity freezing time of repose is 24h；
During step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity, after adding dehydrated alcohol, first seal, then freeze standing；
Step (9) reclaims ethanol and adopts vacuum distillation way of recycling；
Step (9) reclaims ethanol and adopts vacuum distillation to reclaim not higher than 60 DEG C of the recovered temperature of ethanol；
Step (9) reclaim ethanol reclaim rear solution volume be reclaim before alcohol-water solution volume 1/3～1/2.
Specifically, health care method for preparing medicated wine of the present invention, weighs each crude drug and Chinese liquor, by weight ratio using following steps
Preparation:
1st, weigh crude drug；1～5 part of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.1～0.5 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.1～0.5 part of Herba Dendrobii, Arillus Longan 0.2～0.5
Part；
2nd, pulverize Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Codonopsis, Herba Dendrobii, at least cross 20 mesh；
3rd, prepare Chinese yam extract:
A, take step 2 pulverize gained Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
B, extraction: Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and α-amylase mixing, α-amylase is 1～5 part of alphalise starch with the part by weight of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder
Enzyme: 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powders, add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:10～1:30, hydrolysis temperature is 40～60 DEG C, enzymolysis time is 60～90min；
Add saccharifying enzyme, saccharifying enzyme is 1～5 part of saccharifying enzyme: 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powders with the part by weight of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder, heating in water bath, enzymolysis
Temperature is 50～60 DEG C, and enzymolysis time is 60～120min；
C, enzyme denaturing: heated material is less than 3min to boiling, is cooled to room temperature；
D, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step c, rotating speed be 4000～5000r/min, the time be 5～
10min, collects supernatant；
E, filtration: step d gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is Chinese yam extract；
4th, prepare compound extracted solution:
A, step 1 is taken to pulverize gained Radix Codonopsis powder, dendrobe powder, and Arillus Longan；
B, press solid-liquid ratio be 1:10～1:30 extracting in water, 60～80 DEG C of Extracting temperature, extraction time 2h～4h；
C, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step b, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
D, filtration: step c gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is compound extracted solution；
5th, merge: combining step 3 gained Chinese yam extract and step 4 gained compound extracted solution, concentrating under reduced pressure must concentrate mother
3～5 times of liquid；
6th, precipitate with ethanol remove impurity: step 5 gained concentrated mother liquor adds dehydrated alcohol, make solution ethanol volumetric concentration 40%～
50%, seal after mixing, freezing standing 24h under the conditions of -10 DEG C～-20 DEG C；
7th, centrifugal sedimentation: the material centrifugal sedimentation after step 6 standing, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
8th, filter: step 7 gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate；
9th, reclaim ethanol: after step 8 gained filtrate recycling ethanol, remaining aqueous solution is mother solution, reclaimed using vacuum distillation
Mode, not higher than 60 DEG C of the recovered temperature of ethanol, ethanol reclaim rear solution volume be reclaim before alcohol-water solution volume 1/3～
1/2；
10th, allocate: step 9 is mother liquid obtained plus Chinese liquor adjustment alcoholic strength is to setting.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: the production method of yam health wine of the present invention has been passed through to merge process similarity, reaches
To Simplified flowsheet step, reduce the purpose of production cost.Using α-amylase, saccharifying enzyme assisted extraction Chinese yam polysaccharide, both avoided
Simple flooding, does not abolish starch granuless parcel constraint, and Chinese yam polysaccharide then the problem of release completely cannot pass through enzymolysis,
Cracking starch granuless, having promoted the dissolution of Chinese yam polysaccharide hence it is evident that improve Chinese yam polysaccharide yield；Again to being mixed in extracting solution
Starch has been also carried out effectively removing, and substantially increases the purity of crude polysaccharides in gained extracting solution.Applicable present method invention preparation
The yam health wine obtaining, crude polysaccharides, total saponin content are higher.In addition the yam health wine color and luster that the inventive method prepares
Light golden rod yellow, has flavour and the abnormal smells from the patient of aroma and certain medicinal raw material, and free from extraneous odour, has good market prospect.
Brief description
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for Fig. 1 α-amylase addition.
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for Fig. 2 saccharifying enzyme addition.
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for Fig. 3 enzymolyzing alpha-amylase time.
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for Fig. 4 saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time.
Fig. 5 digests the contrast of assisted extraction process and warm water extracting technology crude polysaccharides yield and purity.
Specific embodiment
The following is the extracting method screening test of Chinese yam polysaccharide of the present invention.
1 experimental technique
1.1 enzymolysis assisted extraction process optimizations
Using α-amylase addition, saccharifying enzyme addition, enzymolyzing alpha-amylase time, saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time as four
Single factor test is investigated respectively.Each factor excursion is as follows: α-amylase addition be 80,100,120,140,160,180,
200th, 220mg, saccharifying enzyme addition 40,60,80,100,120,140mg, water bath time 30,45,60,75,90min.
Accurately weigh Rhizoma Dioscoreae dry powder 5.00g, add water 100ml, add α-amylase, after stirring and evenly mixing, be placed in 60 DEG C of water-baths
Certain time, add saccharifying enzyme, continue water-bath certain time, after the completion of take out and boil.After its cooling after, 4000r/min from
Heart 5min, collects supernatant sucking filtration and collects filtrate.Take this filtrate 3.0ml by judging whether dissolved with starch described in 1.3.1.4,
Residual filtrate is pressed 1.3.1.3 respectively and is measured pure crude polysaccharides content and crude polysaccharides total amount, calculates yield and the purity of crude polysaccharides.
1.2 enzymolysis assisted extraction polysaccharide process are contrasted with warm water extracting technology
The preparation of Chinese yam polysaccharide water extract: the optimum process that gained warm water extracts Chinese yam polysaccharide is tested according to this research department
Extracted.Accurately weigh Rhizoma Dioscoreae dry powder 5.00g, add water 150ml, after water-bath 30min in 70 DEG C, centrifugation, precipitation is again
Extracted with the same terms and separate, collect and combine twice after supernatant sucking filtration, be evaporated to 100ml, as Chinese yam polysaccharide water logging
Extract.
2 results and analysis
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the 2.1 α-amylase additions
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the α-amylase addition is as shown in Figure 1.With α-amylase addition
Increase, extracting solution crude polysaccharides yield gradually rises up to more than 3% by 2% about.Crude polysaccharides purity by 30% about substantially on
Rise to more than 50% and keep relative stability.
Due to the limitation of phend-sulphuric acid, starch meeting homopolysaccharide in this system is the same, is hydrolyzed into bran through sulphuric acid heat release
Aldehyde compound, and develop the color with phenol.In conjunction with iodine colour response in extracting solution with result in Fig. 1 it could be speculated that assisting through enzymolysis
Extraction process, in Rhizoma Dioscoreae, the incomplete enzymatic saccharification of starch, still has partial starch to be mixed into, with this liquid in the Chinese yam extract of gained
Directly adopt the virtual height in precipitate with ethanol phenol sulphuric acid colour developing gained crude polysaccharides total amount, caused by having starch to be mixed into；Go through refined enzymolysis
Except measured crude polysaccharides content after starch, for eliminating the holosaccharide of starch, it is extracting solution with the ratio of crude polysaccharides total amount
The purity of middle crude polysaccharides.Thus, according to Fig. 1, with the increase of α-amylase addition, the dissolution of crude polysaccharides also gradually increases
Adduction is maintained in necessarily interval, and the amount of starch being mixed in extracting solution gradually decreases down more stable state, i.e. extracting solution
The purity of middle crude polysaccharides is significantly improved and keeps stable.In α-amylase addition 0.16% about, crude polysaccharides in Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Release reach maximum rating, purity also highest, the amount of starch being mixed into is minimum.
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the 2.2 saccharifying enzyme additions
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the saccharifying enzyme addition is as shown in Figure 2.Increasing with saccharifying enzyme addition
Plus, extracting solution crude polysaccharides yield gradually decreases down 3.5% about by 5% about.Crude polysaccharides purity is substantially risen by 40% about
To more than 60% and keep relative stability.
According to Fig. 2, with the increase of saccharifying enzyme addition, the yield of crude polysaccharides is gradually lowered and is maintained at certain area
Interior i.e. crude polysaccharides can be refined, the remaining holosaccharide stable to enzyme digestion reaction by saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis to a certain extent；And mix
The amount of starch entering in extracting solution declines rapidly, and that is, in extracting solution, the purity of crude polysaccharides is significantly improved.In saccharifying enzyme addition
When 0.12% about, in Rhizoma Dioscoreae, the yield of crude polysaccharides reaches relatively stable state, and purity is higher, and the amount of starch being mixed into is less.
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the 2.3 enzymolyzing alpha-amylase times
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the enzymolyzing alpha-amylase time is as shown in Figure 3.With enzymolyzing alpha-amylase
The increase of time, extracting solution crude polysaccharides yield gradually decreases down 4% about by 5% about.Crude polysaccharides purity is slow by less than 60%
Slowly rise to more than 60% and keep relative stability.
According to Fig. 3, with the increase of enzymolyzing alpha-amylase time, the yield of crude polysaccharides and purity all gradually tend to flat
Steady state, that is, in Rhizoma Dioscoreae, the release of crude polysaccharides progressivelyes reach maximum, and the elimination being mixed into starch is all progressivelyed reach with the steady of optimum
State.I.e. in enzymolyzing alpha-amylase time 60min about when, in Rhizoma Dioscoreae, the yield of crude polysaccharides reaches relatively stable state, Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Starch has obtained maximum hydrolysis and has removed, and purity is higher, and the amount of starch being mixed into is less.
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the 2.4 saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis times
The impact to Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and purity for the saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time is as shown in Figure 4.With saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time
Increase, extracting solution crude polysaccharides yield gradually decreases down 4% about by more than 5%.Crude polysaccharides purity maintains more than 60% simultaneously
It is maintained at compared with minizone.
According to Fig. 4, with the increase of saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time, the yield of crude polysaccharides and purity all gradually tend to be steady
State.Due to saccharifying enzyme act as continue the starch side chain fragment that goes out of hydrolysis starch enzyme hydrolysiss, then its response time is for molten
The change of the content of solution starch and crude polysaccharides yield is more inconspicuous, may have excessive hydrolysis to real polysaccharide, thus
Crude polysaccharides yield is reduced.I.e. in saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time 60min about when, in Rhizoma Dioscoreae the yield of crude polysaccharides reach more steady
Determine state, and few by excessive hydrolyzable moiety, Rhizoma Dioscoreae starch has obtained maximum hydrolysis and has removed, and purity is higher, is mixed into
Amount of starch is less.
Summary each experiment of single factor result of study can draw, the optimum process of enzymolysis assisted extraction Chinese yam polysaccharide is:
In terms of the Extraction solvent of raw material containing Rhizoma Dioscoreae 5% (m/v), α-amylase addition is 0.16% (m/v), the amylase enzymolysis time
60min, saccharifying enzyme addition is 0.12% (m/v), saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time 60min.
2.5 enzymolysis assisted extraction polysaccharide process are contrasted with warm water extracting technology
Assisted extraction optimum process is digested according to above gained, extracts gained crude polysaccharides and extract crude polysaccharides with warm water,
The comparing result of yield and purity aspect is as shown in Figure 5.
As shown in Figure 5, enzymolysis assisted extraction process crude polysaccharides yield is 4.36%, and warm water extracting technology yield is
1.23%.I.e. under enzymolysis auxiliary, the yield of crude polysaccharides improves 3.5 times about；On the other hand, digest the polysaccharide of assisted extraction
Purity is 61.02%, high by 30% compared with water leaching gained purity of polysaccharide, and be doubled left and right.
3 conclusions
The extraction of Rhizoma Dioscoreae mostly is water extraction at present, is limited to relatively low water extraction temperature and the interference of starch, Chinese yam polysaccharide
Rate, purity is not high, is relatively low by the measured Chinese yam polysaccharide content of extraction, is 2.15%～2.92% about.Due to
Gained Chinese yam polysaccharide extracting solution is not digested, its measured Chinese yam polysaccharide content is due to being mixed with starch and higher.This reality
Test and applied to amylase, saccharifying enzyme in the assisted extraction to polysaccharide, and itself and common water leaching have been carried out right
Than research.From the point of view of in terms of the product Chinese yam polysaccharide, enzymolysis assisted extraction process gained polysaccharide no matter from yield or purity, all
More common flooding has a clear superiority.And from the point of view of in terms of the process conditions, two kinds of extracting modes solvent consumption, time loss and
Excellent lacking, is respectively had on process complexity.Condensation products and technique two aspect comparing result it can be said that enzymolysis auxiliary to contribute to Rhizoma Dioscoreae many
The extraction of sugar, this technique is better than common water leaching.
Using α-amylase, saccharifying enzyme assisted extraction Chinese yam polysaccharide, the reason yield significantly improves may with Rhizoma Dioscoreae in form sediment
Powder particles are relevant, and the multilevel hierarchy of Chinese yam polysaccharide and starch granuless spatially may have and necessarily intersect, and starch granuless may
Package status are formed to Chinese yam polysaccharide.Using simple flooding, do not abolish starch granuless parcel constraint, Chinese yam polysaccharide then cannot be complete
Full release；And the enzymolysis through amylase, saccharifying enzyme, starch granuless rupture, and promote the dissolution of Chinese yam polysaccharide, thus reaching
The purpose of assisted extraction.Meanwhile, through the preliminary enzymolysis of amylase, saccharifying enzyme, the starch being mixed in extracting solution is also carried out
Effectively remove, substantially increase the purity of crude polysaccharides in gained extracting solution.
The method below producing yam health wine for the present invention, comprises the steps:
1st, weigh crude drug；5 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.3 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.3 part of Herba Dendrobii, 0.2 part of Arillus Longan；
2nd, pulverize Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Codonopsis, Herba Dendrobii, at least cross 20 mesh；
3rd, prepare Chinese yam extract:
A, take step 2 pulverize gained Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
B, extraction: Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and α-amylase mixing, α-amylase is 5 parts of α-amylase with the part by weight of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder:
100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powders, add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:20, and hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C, and enzymolysis time is 60min；Add saccharifying enzyme, saccharifying
Enzyme is 4 parts of saccharifying enzyme: 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powders with the part by weight of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder, heating in water bath, and hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C, enzymolysis time
For 60min；
C, enzyme denaturing: heated material is less than 3min to boiling, is cooled to room temperature；
D, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step c, and rotating speed is 4000r/min, and the time is 5min, collects
Supernatant；
E, filtration: step d gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is Chinese yam extract；
4th, prepare compound extracted solution:
A, step 1 is taken to pulverize gained Radix Codonopsis powder, dendrobe powder, and Arillus Longan；
B, press solid-liquid ratio be 1:20 extracting in water, 60 DEG C of Extracting temperature, extraction time 4h；
C, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step b, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
D, filtration: step c gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is compound extracted solution；
5th, merge: combining step 3 gained Chinese yam extract and step 4 gained compound extracted solution, concentrating under reduced pressure must concentrate mother
3～5 times of liquid；
6th, precipitate with ethanol remove impurity: step 5 gained concentrated mother liquor adds dehydrated alcohol, and the volume of dehydrated alcohol is concentrated mother liquor volume
2/3, make solution ethanol volumetric concentration 40%, after mixing seal, under the conditions of -15 DEG C freezing standing 24h；
7th, centrifugal sedimentation: the material centrifugal sedimentation after step 6 standing, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
8th, filter: step 7 gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate；
9th, reclaim ethanol: after step 8 gained filtrate recycling ethanol, remaining aqueous solution is mother solution, reclaimed using vacuum distillation
Mode, not higher than 60 DEG C of the recovered temperature of ethanol, ethanol reclaim rear solution volume be reclaim before alcohol-water solution volume 1/2；
10th, allocate: step 9 is mother liquid obtained plus Chinese liquor adjustment alcoholic strength is to setting.
For Simplified flowsheet step, reduce production cost, in said method step 4, by Radix Codonopsis powder, dendrobe powder, Arillus Longan
Weight according to Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder in step 3 determines, Rhizoma Dioscoreae: Radix Codonopsis: Herba Dendrobii: Arillus Longan=5:3:3:2, three kinds of other raw materials mix it
Carry out water-bath extraction according to same process afterwards.
In order to avoid, local determining alcohol is too high to cause precipitate to bond, and in said method step 6, adds no in concentrated mother liquor
During water-ethanol however stop stir.
For cost-effective, in said method step 9, reclaim gained ethanol and be circularly used for precipitate with ethanol.
The present invention is using α-amylase, saccharifying enzyme assisted extraction Chinese yam polysaccharide hence it is evident that improve Chinese yam polysaccharide yield and pure
Degree.It is suitable for the yam health wine that present method invention prepares, crude polysaccharides, total saponin content are higher.In addition the inventive method system
The standby mountain obtaining will health promoting wine color and luster light golden rod yellow, there is flavour and the abnormal smells from the patient of aroma and certain medicinal raw material, and free from extraneous odour,
There is good market prospect.
Claims (10)
1. Chinese yam polysaccharide extracting method it is characterised in that: step is as follows:
A, pulverizing: pulverize Rhizoma Dioscoreae, cross 20 mesh sieves；
B, extraction: Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and α-amylase mixing and water adding, heating in water bath, add saccharifying enzyme, heating in water bath；
C, enzyme denaturing: heated material, to seething with excitement, is cooled to room temperature；
D, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step c, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
E, filtration: step d gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is Chinese yam extract；
F, drying: dried filtrate, obtain final product Chinese yam polysaccharide.
2. Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 1 extracting method it is characterised in that: α-amylase described in step b and mountain
The weight proportion of medicated powder is: 1～5 part of α-amylase, 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；Add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:10～1:30, hydrolysis temperature is
40～60 DEG C, enzymolysis time is 60～90min；
Preferably, add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:20；
Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；
Preferably, enzymolysis time is 60min.
3. Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 1 extracting method it is characterised in that: saccharifying enzyme described in step b and Rhizoma Dioscoreae
The weight proportion of powder is: 1～5 part of saccharifying enzyme, 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；Hydrolysis temperature be 50～60 DEG C, enzymolysis time be 60～
120min；
Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；
Preferably, enzymolysis time is 60min.
4. Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 1 extracting method it is characterised in that: described in step c during enzyme denaturing seethe with excitement when
Between be less than 3min.
5. Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 1 extracting method it is characterised in that: the centrifugal sedimentation of step d separate c adopt
Low speed sedimentation centrifuge separates, and rotating speed is 4000～5000r/min, and the time is 5～10min；
Preferably, rotating speed is 4000r/min；
Preferably, the time is 5min.
6. the Chinese yam polysaccharide that extracting method described in any one of claim 1-5 is prepared.
7. yam health wine it is characterised in that: include the following raw material medicine and Chinese liquor:
Crude drug, counts by weight ratio: 1～5 part of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.1～0.5 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.1～0.5 part of Herba Dendrobii, Arillus Longan 0.2～
0.5 part；
Appropriate Chinese liquor；
Preferably, yam health wine includes the following raw material medicine and Chinese liquor:
Crude drug, counts by weight ratio: 1～5 part of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.1～0.5 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.1～0.5 part of Herba Dendrobii, Arillus Longan 0.2～
0.5 part；
93.5～98.6 parts of Chinese liquor.
8. the yam health wine described in claim 7 preparation method it is characterised in that: step is as follows
(1) weigh crude drug；1～5 part of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, 0.1～0.5 part of Radix Codonopsis, 0.1～0.5 part of Herba Dendrobii, 0.2～0.5 part of Arillus Longan；
(2) pulverize Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Codonopsis, Herba Dendrobii, at least cross 20 mesh；
(3) prepare Chinese yam extract:
A, take step (2) pulverize gained Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
B, extraction: Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and α-amylase mixing and water adding, heating in water bath, add saccharifying enzyme, heating in water bath；
C, enzyme denaturing: heated material, to seething with excitement, is cooled to room temperature；
D, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step c, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
E, filtration: step d gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is Chinese yam extract；
(4) prepare compound extracted solution:
A, step (2) is taken to pulverize gained Radix Codonopsis powder, dendrobe powder, and Arillus Longan；
B, extracting in water；
C, centrifugal sedimentation separate: the resulting material centrifugal sedimentation of step b, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
D, filtration: step c gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate, filtrate is compound extracted solution；
(5) merge: combining step (3) gained Chinese yam extract and step (4) gained compound extracted solution, concentrating under reduced pressure must concentrate mother
Liquid；
(6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity: step (5) gained concentrated mother liquor adds dehydrated alcohol, freezing standing；
(7) centrifugal sedimentation: the material centrifugal sedimentation after step (6) standing, abandon centrifugation, collect supernatant；
(8) filter: step (7) gained supernatant liquid filtering, abandon filtering residue, collect filtrate；
(9) reclaim ethanol: after step (8) gained filtrate recycling ethanol, remaining aqueous solution is mother solution；
(10) allocate: step (9) is mother liquid obtained plus Chinese liquor adjustment alcoholic strength is to setting.
9. yam health wine according to claim 8 preparation method it is characterised in that:
Step (3) preparation Chinese yam extract at least meets following any one:
α-amylase described in step b with the weight proportion of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder is: 1～5 part of α-amylase, 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
Described in step b during enzymolyzing alpha-amylase, add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:10～1:30；Preferably, add water by solid-liquid ratio 1:20；
Enzymolyzing alpha-amylase temperature described in step b is 40～60 DEG C；Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；
The enzymolyzing alpha-amylase time described in step b is 60～90min；Preferably, enzymolysis time is 60min；
Saccharifying enzyme described in step b with the weight proportion of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder is: 1～5 part of saccharifying enzyme, 100 parts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder；
Saccharifying enzyme hydrolysis temperature described in step b is 50～60 DEG C；Preferably, hydrolysis temperature is 60 DEG C；
Saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis time described in step b is 60～120min；Preferably, enzymolysis time is 60min；
Described in step c, during enzyme denaturing, boiling time is less than 3min；
The centrifugal sedimentation of step d separate c adopt low speed sedimentation centrifuge separate, rotating speed be 4000～5000r/min, the time be 5～
10min；
Preferably, step d rotating speed is 4000r/min；Preferably, the step d time is 5min；
Step (4) is prepared compound extracted solution and is at least met following any one:
Described in step b, extracting in water condition is: solid-liquid ratio is 1:10～1:30；Preferably, solid-liquid ratio is 1:20；
Described in step b, extracting in water condition is: 60～80 DEG C of Extracting temperature；Preferably, 70 DEG C of Extracting temperature；
Described in step b, extracting in water condition is: extraction time 2h～4h；Extraction time 120min.
10. yam health wine according to claim 8 preparation method it is characterised in that: at least meet following any one
:
Step (5) merges described concentrating under reduced pressure and is 3～5 times；
Dehydrated alcohol described in step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity makes solution ethanol volumetric concentration 40%～50%；
Described in step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity, freezing dwell temperature is -10 DEG C～-20 DEG C；
Step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity freezing time of repose is 24h；
During step (6) precipitate with ethanol remove impurity, after adding dehydrated alcohol, first seal, then freeze standing；
Step (9) reclaims ethanol and adopts vacuum distillation way of recycling；
Step (9) reclaims ethanol and adopts vacuum distillation to reclaim not higher than 60 DEG C of the recovered temperature of ethanol；
Step (9) reclaim ethanol reclaim rear solution volume be reclaim before alcohol-water solution volume 1/3～1/2.
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| CN111875716A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-11-03 | 淄博职业学院 | Method for extracting and purifying high-antioxidant-activity Chinese yam polysaccharide |
| CN112062868A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-12-11 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for extracting Chinese yam polysaccharide |
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