CN103772518A - Extraction method of Chinese yam polysaccharide - Google Patents
Extraction method of Chinese yam polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- CN103772518A CN103772518A CN201210407526.2A CN201210407526A CN103772518A CN 103772518 A CN103772518 A CN 103772518A CN 201210407526 A CN201210407526 A CN 201210407526A CN 103772518 A CN103772518 A CN 103772518A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extraction technology of Chinese yam polysaccharide. The technology comprises the steps of: 1) crushing Chinese yam into coarse powder; 2) adding water into the Chinese yam coarse powder and conducting stirring, adding enzyme to assist extraction at a proportion of 20-100U/g Chinese yam coarse powder, conducting enzymolysis under the conditions of 30-55DEG C and pH of 3.5-5.5 for 60-90min, and performing enzyme inactivation to obtain an extracted solution; in the enzymolysis process or before or after enzymolysis, carrying out ultrasonic assisted extraction for 10-60min, and keeping the extraction power at 20-40KHz; and 3) centrifuging the extracted solution, collecting the supernatant, and carrying out concentration and freeze drying, thus obtaining the Chinese yam polysaccharide. By means of the synergistic effects of enzyme and ultrasound, the technology provided by the invention accelerates the release of Chinese yam's effective components, greatly reduces the extraction time, and increases the yield of Chinese yam polysaccharide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to processing extraction and the separation technology field of food, natural product, relate generally to the extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide.
Background technology
Chinese yam has another name called Huai Shan, for the perennial voluble herb of Dioscoreaceae, is used as medicine with piece root.Its stem tuber tool cement polyose, and containing flavonoid and diosgenin, this three is the main activeconstituents of Chinese yam, wherein polyose composition carbohydrate containing and multiple reducing sugar, as seminose, Arabic glycocoll, glucose, semi-lactosi, fructose and a small amount of wood sugar and rhamnosyl and albumen complex polysaccharide etc.Modern medicine study thinks that its pharmacologically active main component is Chinese yam polysaccharide, clinical confirmation, and Chinese yam polysaccharide has immune, anti-ageing, the anti-mutation of adjusting, the different physiological roles such as antitumor and anti-oxidant.
The extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide has hot water extraction, ultrasonic wave auxiliary water extraction method and enzyme process.The common process parameter of hot water extraction is, extracting temperature and be 80 ℃, extraction time is 160min, and the average yield of polysaccharide is 3.65%, this technological operation is simple, with low cost, but because part polysaccharide is present in cell walls, in leaching process, be difficult for stripping, so length consuming time, yield is low.The common process parameter of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method is that ultrasonic power is 1000W, treatment time to be that the average yield of 120min, polysaccharide is 6.35%, on the basis of hot water lixiviate, has shortened extraction time, has increased yield.Enzyme process can leniently decompose plant tissue, promotes the stripping of polysaccharide component in vegetable cell, and general extraction time can be controlled in 1.5 hours, and yield can reach 6.12%.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is further to improve yield, shortens the extracting method of the Chinese yam polysaccharide of extraction time.
The technical scheme that the present invention will provide is a kind of extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide, comprises the following steps:
1) get Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and be broken into meal;
2) coarse yam powder being placed in to container, is 1:10～1:20 stirring that adds water by material-water ratio, then with the enzyme-added assisted extraction of carrying out of ratio of 20～100U/g coarse yam powder, enzymolysis 60～90min under 30～55 ℃, pH3.5～5.5 condition, and enzyme-deactivating, obtains extracting solution; In enzymolysis process or before enzymolysis or after enzymolysis, carry out ultrasonic-assisted extraction, extraction time 10～60min, extraction power is 450～1000W;
3) extracting solution is centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, be concentrated into relative density and be 1.1～1.4 medicinal extract, lyophilize, obtains Chinese yam polysaccharide.
As preferably, above-mentioned steps 1) in, the granularity of described meal is more than 200 orders.
As preferably, above-mentioned steps 2) in, described enzyme is one or more in polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase.
Further preferably, described enzyme is the prozyme of polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase.
Further preferred, the mass ratio of polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase is 1～3:3～4:1～3.
As preferably, described cryodesiccated temperature is-40～-30 ℃, and the time is 10～24 hours.
The mannosans take seminose as master that Chinese yam polysaccharide is made up of seminose, glucose and semi-lactosi.The polysaccharide part of potato white sugar is made up of 80% seminose and a small amount of semi-lactosi, wood sugar, fructose and glucose, and Chinese yam polysaccharide is polarity macromolecular cpd, soluble in water.
In Chinese yam, except polysaccharide, also contain abundant Resistant starch, can prevent common starch hydrolysis.First with enzyme, Starch Hydrolysis will be improved to polysaccharide extract rate to a certain extent.The main component of plant cell wall is Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin substance, and cellulase can be used for cell walls, by decomposition of cellulose and xylogen, promotes the stripping of polysaccharide component in vegetable cell, thereby reaches the object of extraction.Enzyme can leniently decompose plant tissue, accelerates the release of effective constituent, greatly improves yield.
Ultrasonic wave is the mechanical wave of frequency higher than 20khz, in the time of Propagation, can produce cavitation phenomenon.The enormous pressure producing in cavitation causes cell in moment fragmentation, and diffusion and the dissolving of broken thing strengthened in hyperacoustic shock effect simultaneously.Therefore, ultrasonic-assisted extraction is conducive to quick dissolving and the diffusion of the fragmentation of Chinese yam cell walls, polysaccharide.
The present invention utilizes enzyme and ultrasonic wave synergistic reaction, has accelerated the release of Chinese yam effective constituent, has greatly saved extraction time, has improved the yield of Chinese yam polysaccharide.
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated for following specific embodiment, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1) get Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and be broken into 200 order meal;
2) coarse yam powder being placed in to container, is the 1:10 stirring that adds water by material-water ratio, then adds polygalacturonase with the ratio of 20U/g coarse yam powder and carry out assisted extraction, enzymolysis 60min under 30 ℃, pH3.5 part, and enzyme-deactivating, obtains extracting solution; Before enzymolysis, carry out ultrasonic-assisted extraction, extraction time 10min, extraction power is 450W;
3) extracting solution is centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, be concentrated into relative density and be 1.1 medicinal extract, at-30 ℃ of temperature, lyophilize 10 hours, obtains Chinese yam polysaccharide, and yield is 8.32%.
Embodiment 2
1) get Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and be broken into 400 order meal;
2) coarse yam powder is placed in to container, be the 1:20 stirring that adds water by material-water ratio, then carry out assisted extraction with the prozyme that the ratio of 100U/g coarse yam powder adds aspartic protease and cellulase, enzymolysis 90min under 55 ℃, pH5.5 condition, enzyme-deactivating, obtains extracting solution; After enzymolysis, carry out ultrasonic-assisted extraction, extraction time 60min, extraction power is 1000W;
3) extracting solution is centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, be concentrated into relative density and be 1.4 medicinal extract, at-40 ℃ of temperature, lyophilize 24 hours, obtains Chinese yam polysaccharide, and yield is 8.91%.
Embodiment 3
1) get Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and be broken into 300 order meal;
2) coarse yam powder is placed in to container, be the 1:16 stirring that adds water by material-water ratio, the prozyme (its mass ratio is as 1:4:2) that adds polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase take the ratio of 60U/g coarse yam powder again carries out assisted extraction, enzymolysis 70min under 40 ℃, pH5 condition, enzyme-deactivating, obtains extracting solution; At enzymolysis process, carry out ultrasonic-assisted extraction, extraction time 30min, extraction power is 800W;
3) extracting solution is centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, be concentrated into relative density and be 1.2 medicinal extract, at-35 ℃ of temperature, lyophilize 18 hours, obtains Chinese yam polysaccharide, and yield is 9.27%.
Embodiment 4
1) get Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and be broken into 200 order meal;
2) coarse yam powder is placed in to container, be the 1:20 stirring that adds water by material-water ratio, the prozyme (its mass ratio is as 3:4:3) that adds polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase take the ratio of 20U/g coarse yam powder again carries out assisted extraction, enzymolysis 120min under 55 ℃, pH3.5 condition, enzyme-deactivating, obtains extracting solution; In enzymolysis process or before enzymolysis or after enzymolysis, carry out ultrasonic-assisted extraction, extraction time 10min, extraction power is 1000W;
3) extracting solution is centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, be concentrated into relative density and be 1.1 medicinal extract, at-30 ℃ of temperature, lyophilize 10 hours, obtains Chinese yam polysaccharide, and yield is 8.42%.
Claims (6)
1. the extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) get Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder and be broken into meal;
2) coarse yam powder being placed in to container, is 1:10～1:20 stirring that adds water by material-water ratio, then with the enzyme-added assisted extraction of carrying out of ratio of 20～100U/g coarse yam powder, enzymolysis 60～90min under 30～55 ℃, pH3.5～5.5 condition, and enzyme-deactivating, obtains extracting solution; In enzymolysis process or before enzymolysis or after enzymolysis, carry out ultrasonic-assisted extraction, extraction time 10～60min, extraction power is 450～1000W;
3) extracting solution is centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, be concentrated into relative density and be 1.1～1.4 medicinal extract, lyophilize, obtains Chinese yam polysaccharide.
2. the extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1), the granularity of described meal is more than 200 orders.
3. the extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) in, described enzyme is one or more in polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase.
4. the extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described enzyme is the prozyme of polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase.
5. the extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of polygalacturonase, aspartic protease and cellulase is 1～3:3～4:1～3.
6. the extracting method of Chinese yam polysaccharide according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cryodesiccated temperature is-40～-30 ℃, and the time is 10～24 hours.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105285559A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-02-03 | 河南省淼雨饮品股份有限公司 | Processing method of instant Chinese yam rhizome powder |
| CN106350401A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-01-25 | 泸州品创科技有限公司 | Chinese yam polysaccharide, Chinese yam healthcare wine and production method thereof |
| CN106418129A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 河南雍龙药食科技有限公司 | Processing method of using compound enzymes to increase instant solubility of Chinese yam macromolecular components |
| CN106879904A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-23 | 河南洛阳红牡丹产业研发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of yam drink |
| CN108611389A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-10-02 | 天津延生园生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Chinese potato glucoprotein |
| CN110790849A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-14 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of Chinese yam mucopolysaccharide and application of Chinese yam mucopolysaccharide in cigarettes |
| CN111471118A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-07-31 | 中山火炬职业技术学院 | Preparation method of bletilla striata polysaccharide |
| CN111875716A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-11-03 | 淄博职业学院 | Method for extracting and purifying high-antioxidant-activity Chinese yam polysaccharide |
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Patent Citations (1)
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| CN102206291A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2011-10-05 | 北京林业大学 | Process for extracting yam polysaccharide by using supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technique |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105285559A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-02-03 | 河南省淼雨饮品股份有限公司 | Processing method of instant Chinese yam rhizome powder |
| CN106350401A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-01-25 | 泸州品创科技有限公司 | Chinese yam polysaccharide, Chinese yam healthcare wine and production method thereof |
| CN106418129A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 河南雍龙药食科技有限公司 | Processing method of using compound enzymes to increase instant solubility of Chinese yam macromolecular components |
| CN108611389A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-10-02 | 天津延生园生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Chinese potato glucoprotein |
| CN106879904A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-23 | 河南洛阳红牡丹产业研发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of yam drink |
| CN110790849A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-14 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of Chinese yam mucopolysaccharide and application of Chinese yam mucopolysaccharide in cigarettes |
| CN111471118A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-07-31 | 中山火炬职业技术学院 | Preparation method of bletilla striata polysaccharide |
| CN111875716A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-11-03 | 淄博职业学院 | Method for extracting and purifying high-antioxidant-activity Chinese yam polysaccharide |
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Application publication date: 20140507 |