CN106334160A - 一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂及其制备方法,属于中医治疗糖尿病技术领域。技术方案是:该中药复方制剂是由下述重量份的原料药物制成:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份。本发明有益效果:药物组方合理、使用安全、疗效显著、副作用小、价格适中、制作方便、药源丰富、服用方便,原料易得,生成工艺先进,可操作性强,具有降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖、血脂、血液粘度的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂及其制备方法,属于中医治疗糖尿病技术领域。
背景技术
糖尿病是一组由于胰岛素分泌和(或)作用缺陷所引起的以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)于2013年11月14日——联合国糖尿病日公布第六版《国际糖尿病联盟糖尿病地图》显示,2013年全球约有3.82亿成年人患有糖尿病,约510万人死亡,平均每6秒钟就有1人死于糖尿病,并预计到2035年,该病患者人数会上升至5.92亿,成为危害人类健康的主要疾病,其中,2型糖尿病(T2DM)占糖尿病总人数的90%~95%。迫于严峻的流行形势,世界各国及国际组织对T2DM的研究均给予高度关注。
T2DM发病机制非常复杂,西药针对不同的患病机制,其作用靶点比较清楚,效应较强。但是,2型糖尿病患者是一个有机联系的整体,糖尿病患者机体的许多代谢环节同时存在失调,单纯作用于某一靶点药物难以发挥最佳治疗效果,带来副作用也相对明显,原发性失效、继发性失效问题也较严重。如果我们在2型糖尿病早期就应用具有整体调节及多靶点治疗药物势必提高治疗效果、控制病情发展及减少并发症的发生。因此,研究整体调节、多靶点治疗及副作用低的中药药物已成为2型糖尿病药物研究的一个方向。
目前市场上治疗糖尿病的药物繁多,经检索,中国专利公开了以下治疗糖尿病有关的中药制剂的报道,现摘录如下:
l、中国专利<申请号>00108421<发明名称>一种治疗糖尿病的药物及其制备方法<申请人>韩万明刘萍,山西省阳泉市李家庄第一人民医院分院<文摘>本发明公开了一种新的治疗糖尿病的药物,它是以生黄芪、生地、丹参、生山药、荔枝核、元参、苍术、枸杞子、乌梅、玉米须、五味子、天花粉、瓜蒂、肉桂、蚕蛹、鬼箭羽,海蛤壳、鸡内金、葛根、桑叶、黄精为原料,根据每味中药不同的特性分别经过冻干、晒干、煅烧、除尘、粉碎,按比例配制,再经熟化,灭菌后制成散剂。
2、中国专利<申请号>99120424<发明名称>一种治疗糖尿病的药物及其制备方法<申请人>邵玉君<文摘>本发明公开了一种治疗糖尿病的中成药及其制备方法,这种中成药将松花粉、鸡内金、黄芪、太子参、黄柏、玉米须、知母、地黄、黄精、桑白皮、山药、荔枝核、丹参、山茱萸、大黄和五味子16味中药料,根据其有效成分和理化性质分为四组,分别采用水煎、水煎醇沉、乙醇提取和粉碎后直接入药的工艺,制备成胶囊,治疗糖尿病。
现有技术存在的问题为反弹性高,药物组成繁杂,成本过高,成分不易控制,副作用较大等诸多不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂及其制备方法,药物组方合理、使用安全、疗效显著、副作用小、价格适中、制作方便、药源丰富、服用方便,具有降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖、血脂、血液粘度的作用,解决背景技术存在的上述问题。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂,该中药复方制剂是由下述重量份的原料药物制成:
姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份。
一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂的制备方法,该方法是水提法,包括下述步骤:
a.按照重量份称取原料药物:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份;加水煎煮两次,按重量份计,每次煎煮水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏;
b.干燥,粉碎成细粉作为活性成分;
c.将步骤b所述的活性成分与药学上接受的载体或赋形剂一起制成各种剂型。
一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂的制备方法,该方法是水提法,包括下述步骤:
a.按照重量份称取原料药物:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份;加水煎煮两次,按重量份计,每次煎煮水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏,作为活性成分;
b.将步骤a所述的活性成分与药学上接受的载体或赋形剂一起制成各种剂型。
我们在多年的T2DM研究中发现,该病多在中年后发病,且肥胖者居多,以过食肥甘、久坐少动等为诱因,且符合“元气不胜谷气其人肥而不寿”观点及肥甘厚味不得化气而生痰湿脂浊壅积体内的基本特点。基于此我们认为脂浊壅积、郁久化热为2型糖尿病的主要病理机制,故拟定以清热、泄浊、化瘀为主要功效的降糖方,全方由姜黄、大黄、泽泻、女贞子、凉粉草、葡萄籽组成,诸药合用使肺之郁热得以疏解,又可通降清窍之浊邪,临床应用中获得了较好的降糖效果。
在医学研究中,从中医药理论出发,经过基础实验并结合临床经验,认为消渴病常见病机为:脂浊壅积、郁久化热,病久兼有血瘀(瘀血)。根据糖尿病患者临床表现为多饮、多食、多尿、消瘦、神疲乏力等症状,创立了清热、泄浊、化瘀的治疗法则,在该治疗法则的指导下加以组方。
本发明的每一味原料药物的功效及其在处方中的作用阐述如下:
1、姜黄:【来源】本品为姜科植物姜黄Curcuma longa L.的干燥根茎。【性味】辛、苦,温。【归经】归脾、肝经。【化学成分】姜黄含挥发油4.5%、6%。挥发油中含姜黄酮58%、姜油烯25%、水芹烯1%、1,8-桉叶素1%、香桧烯0.5%、龙脑0.5%、去氢姜黄酮等。还含姜黄素0.3%、1.1%、4.8%及阿拉伯糖1.1%,果糖12%、葡萄糖28%,脂肪油、淀粉、草酸盐等。【功能主治】破血行气,通经止痛。用于胸胁剌痛,闭经,癓瘕,风湿肩臂疼痛,跌扑肿痛。
2、大黄:【来源】本品为蓼科植物掌叶大黄Rheum palmatum L。 唐古特大黄Rheumtanguticum Maxim。 ex Balf。或药用大黄Rheum officinale Baill。的干燥根及根茎。【性味】苦,寒。【归经】归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经。【化学成分】掌叶大黄、大黄及鸡爪大黄的根状茎和根中含有蒽醌类化合物约3%,包括游离和结合状态的大黄酚(chrysophanol)、大黄酸(rhein)、芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)、大黄素(emodin)、蜈蚣苔素(parietin,C22H22O10)、大黄素甲醚(emodinmonomethyl ether),其主要的泻下成分为结合性大黄酸蒽酮-番泻甙A. B. C(sennoside A. B. C)其中番泻甙A(sennoside A)为主要有效成分。此外,尚含鞣质约5%以及游离没食子酸、桂皮酸及其脂类等。叶含槲皮甙,惟掌叶大黄的叶以金丝桃甙(hyperoside)含量最多。【功能主治】泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经。用于实热便秘,积滞腹痛,泻痢不爽,湿热黄疸,血热吐衄,目赤,咽肿,肠痈腹痛,痈肿疔疮,瘀血经闭,跌打损伤,外治水火烫伤;上消化道出血。酒大黄善清上焦血分热毒。用于目赤咽肿,齿龈肿痛。熟大黄泻下力缓,泻火解毒。用于火毒疮疡。大黄炭凉血化瘀止血。用于血热有瘀出血症。
3、泽泻:【来源】本品为泽泻科植物泽泻Alisma orientalis (Sam.)Juzep.的干燥块茎。【性味】甘,寒。【归经】归肾、膀胱经。【化学成分】【化学成分】块茎中分出五种三萜类化合物:泽泻醇A、泽泻醇B,乙酸泽泻醇A酯、乙酸泽泻醇B酯和表泽泻醇A;另含挥发油(内含糠醛)、小量生物碱、天门冬素、一种植物甾醇、一种植物甾醇甙、脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸);还含树脂、蛋白质和多量淀粉(23%)。【功能主治】利小便,清湿热。用于小便不利,水肿胀满,泄泻尿少,痰饮眩晕,热淋涩痛;高血脂。
4、女贞子: 【来源】 本品为木犀科植物女贞Ligustrum lucidum Ait. 的干燥成熟果实。【性味】 甘、苦,凉。【归经】 归肝、肾经。【化学成份】 含女贞子甙(nuzhenide)、洋橄榄苦甙(oleuropein)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)、4-羟基-B-苯乙基-B-D-葡萄糖甙、桦木醇(betulin)等。【功能主治】 滋补肝肾,明目乌发。用于眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,须发早白,目暗不明。
5、葡萄籽:【来源】本品为葡萄科植物葡萄Vitis vinifera L.的种子。【性味】味甘微酸,性平。【归经】入肝、肾、肺经。【化学成份】多酚类:葡萄籽中含有多酚类物质(GPS),主要有儿茶素类和原花青素类。儿茶素类化合物包括儿茶素、表儿茶素及其没食子酸酯,是葡萄籽中主要的单聚体,也是原花青素寡聚体和多聚体的构成单位。油脂类:葡萄籽中含有丰富的油脂,约占其重量的12%~15%,油中含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸的含量在58%~78%之间。挥发成分:葡萄籽中还含有少量的挥发性成分,这些物质大多属于醇、酚、萜类物质,都具有较高的生物活性。其它成分:葡萄籽中除了含有上述多种物质外,还含有粗蛋白、氨基酸和维生素A、E、D、K、P及多种微量元素,如钙、锌、铁、镁、铜、钾、钠、锰、钴等。【功能主治】具有补肝肾、益气血、养胃生津、利小便之功效。
6、凉粉草:【来源】唇形科植物凉粉草Mesona chinese Benth.的地上部分。【性味】性寒,味甘、淡。【化学成分】含黄酮类、酚类、萜类、鞣质、氨基酸、多糖等成分,已从中分离得到齐墩果酸、槲皮素。另据报道,将本品制成降糖制剂,降糖的有效部分为水溶液性部分。【功能主治】消暑解渴、清热解毒。属清热药下属分类的清热凉血药。
本发明的上述组合药物可以作为中医治疗消渴病(糖尿病)的配方,其方解与功能主治:本方中姜黄为君药,气味辛苦,大寒无毒,行气散郁,能入心脾二经建功辟疫,活血化瘀,行气疏肝,通经止痛,具有抗炎、抗氧化的活性;大黄为臣药,味苦,大寒无毒,上下通行,盖亢甚之阳,非此莫抑,苦能泻火,苦能补虚,一举而两得之。姜黄、大黄,降阴中之浊阴。一升一降,内外通和,而杂气之流毒顿消矣。凉粉草消暑解渴、清热解毒,女贞子补肾滋阴,养肝明目,安五脏,二药合用清热而不伤阴,解内热之消渴共为佐药。泽泻、葡萄籽健脾益气,润燥,利水道,使湿浊痰饮从小便出,共为使药。诸药合用使肺之郁热得以疏解,又可通降清窍之浊邪。
本发明的中药制剂供2型糖尿病患者煎汤服用,更适合现代制药企业提取有效成分,制成颗粒剂、胶囊剂、口服液等药剂学上的任何剂型,由于黄酮苷类易溶于水,具有很强降血糖作用,生物碱易溶于水具有显著降血糖作用;多糖类易溶于水,具有较强的降血糖作用,苷类一般溶于水,皂苷易溶于热水,能促进胰岛素释放,调节血糖代谢;多肽类一般可溶于水。
本发明具有如下特点:①本发明在中医药理论指导下,经动物实验证明后,优选上述中药,加以科学配伍、制作,使各药物相互配合,取长补短,协同作用,诸药合用,标本兼治,增强疗效。②本发明所用原料毒性小,克服了其它降糖药物特别是西药的毒副作用,及其长期使用西药后对肝肾的损害的缺点。按日剂量和疗程使用本发明产品是安全的。本产品与二甲双胍进行比较,其降糖作用与二甲双胍效果相当,与西药相比没有毒副作用。③经动物实验和临床验证本发明产品能使2型糖尿病患者空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖降低,而且维持时间较长,同时也使高血脂者胆固醇和甘油三酯降低,疗效显著。④组方科学,原料易得,生成工艺先进,简便易行,可操作性强,产品价格适中,适合工业化制备。⑤制备过程中根据各中药的有效成份、性质及制剂要求,采用水提法、物理灭菌方法,因而产品有效成分含量高,稳定,不易变质,有利于长期保存。
本发明有益效果:药物组方合理、使用安全、疗效显著、副作用小、价格适中、制作方便、药源丰富、服用方便,原料易得,生成工艺先进,可操作性强。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂,该中药复方制剂是由下述重量份的原料药物制成:
姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份。
一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂的制备方法,该方法是水提法,有两种制备方法:
第一种制备方法包括下述步骤:
a.按照重量份称取原料药物:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份;加水煎煮两次,按重量份计,每次煎煮水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏;
b.干燥,粉碎成细粉作为活性成分;
c.将步骤b所述的活性成分与药学上接受的载体或赋形剂一起制成各种剂型。
第二种制备方法包括下述步骤:
a.按照重量份称取原料药物:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份;加水煎煮两次,按重量份计,每次煎煮水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏;
b.将步骤a所述的活性成分与药学上接受的载体或赋形剂一起制成各种剂型。
具体实施例:
实施例l:颗粒剂的制备
按照下列重量份称取原料药物:姜黄20份,大黄20份,泽泻15份,女贞子15份,葡萄籽15份,凉粉草15份。
将上述原料药物混合加水煎煮两次,水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,煎煮液过滤,滤液合并,静置十二小时,取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1. 20-1.30(50-70℃),与上述200目极细粉混匀为浸膏粉,取浸膏粉:糊精:淀粉:微晶纤维素一5:1:2:2,混匀,制粒,干燥,制成颗粒,即得产品名称为降糖颗粒。
实施例2:颗粒剂的制备
按照下列重量份称取原料药物:姜黄20份,大黄20份,泽泻15份,女贞子15份,葡萄籽15份,凉粉草15份。
将上述原料药物混合加水煎煮两次,水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,将煎煮液过滤.合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎成200目细粉;加入适量的辅料淀粉,混匀,制得产品名称为降糖颗粒。
实施例3:胶囊剂的制备
按照下列重量份称取原料药物:姜黄20份,大黄20份,泽泻15份,女贞子15份,葡萄籽15份,凉粉草15份。
将上述原料药物混合加水煎煮两次,水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,滤液合并,静置十二小时,取上清液浓缩至适量干燥,装入胶囊,即得产品名称为降糖胶囊。
实施例4:口服液的制备
按照重量计(每重量份为l公斤)称取原料药物:姜黄20公斤,大黄20公斤,泽泻15公斤,女贞子15公斤,葡萄籽15公斤,凉粉草15公斤。
将原料药物混合加水煎煮两次,每次加8倍量水,每次煎煮加水的重量是原料药物总重量的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,静置十二小时,取上清液浓缩至适量,与上述极细粉混合,再加入调味剂、防腐剂适量,混匀,制成产品名称为降糖口服液。
实施例5:丸剂的制备
按照重量计(每重量份为l公斤)称取原料药物:姜黄20公斤,大黄20公斤,泽泻15公斤,女贞子15公斤,葡萄籽15公斤,凉粉草15公斤。
将原料药物混合加水煎煮两次,每次煎煮加水的重量是原料药物总重量的8倍。每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉;加入适量的诸入淀粉等辅料,混匀,水泛为丸,用百草霜包衣,撞光,干燥,即得产品名称为降糖丸。
本发明制备方法中的赋形剂、辅料的加入量,依据制备过程中的具体情况,灵活掌握,也就是文中所述的“适量”。
服用方法:颗粒剂,每天3次,每次一袋,每袋10克;胶囊剂,每天3次,每次3粒,每粒0. 35克;口服液,每天3次,每次l0ml;丸剂:每天3次,每次30粒,每粒0.1克。饭前或饭后服用。注意:儿童或低血糖者不用或慎用。
本发明经华北理工大学中医学院中心实验室急性毒性实验证明,本品急性经口毒性实验显示无明显毒性。
本发明药理实验如下:
降糖颗粒对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响
(一)材料与方法
(1)阳性对照药双益降糖颗粒:由鲁南厚普制药有限公司提供。(批准文号:国药≯隹字210950075)
(2)动物 wistar大鼠,购于中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学实验动物研究所北京康蓝生物技术有限公司,SPF级,动物合格证号:SCXK<京>2009-0004,体重120±209。均为雄性。
(3)试剂 链脲佐菌素由北京博爱港商贸中心提供。
(4)方法 取70只wistar大鼠,随机分为7组,即空白对照组(盐水),模型组,西药对照组,中药对照组,本药高剂量组,中剂量组,低剂量组。每周称体重1次,并相应调整投药量,连用4周,对照组单给盐水并随时观察大鼠活动情况,于给药4周,从尾尖采血测定每组大鼠的血糖等,于4周处死给药组对照组全部动物,并剖取主要脏器,送病理组织室检查。
(二)结果
(1)对动物一般情况的影响 给药组大鼠与空白对照组相比,一般情况无明显异常。
(2)血糖检查结果本发明药物与模型组相比餐后血糖及空腹血糖显著降低(P<0.05),与二甲双胍组、双益降糖颗粒组相比较餐后血糖及空腹血糖无显著性差异(P>0.05)(表1)。
本发明中各原料药物的测试影响:
1、姜黄素对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏和肝脏病理改变的影响
方法:将100只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为两组:10只大鼠为空白对照组,90只大鼠为T2DM造模组,采用小剂量链脲佐菌素(30mg/kg BW)联合高糖高脂饲料诱导T2DM模型组。模型诱导成功后,符合T2DM标准的大鼠39只,随机分为4组:T2DM模型对照组、姜黄素低剂量组(50 mg/kg BW)、姜黄素中剂量组(150 mg/kg BW)和姜黄素高剂量组(250 mg/kg BW),给予干预。45天后,从各组大鼠中随机选取4只进行病理检测,观察T2DM大鼠肾脏和肝脏的病变进展情况。结果与对照组相比,T2DM模型组的大鼠血糖、血脂均明显升高(P<0.05)。与T2DM模型对照组比较,姜黄素干预各组T2DM大鼠肾脏和肝脏的病理改变均有不同程度的改善。结论姜黄素能够改善T2DM大鼠肝、肾组织的病理变化。
2、姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠脊髓背角 TNF-α表达的影响
方法:30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(Con)、糖尿病组(DM)和姜黄素治疗组(DM+Cur),每组10只;利用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备大鼠糖尿病模型,DM+Cur组为糖尿病模型制备成功后给予姜黄素治疗,同时Con组和DM组给予等量的生理盐水。利用ELISA方法检测各组大鼠脊髓背角TNF-α分子的含量,利用RT-PCR方法比较各组大鼠脊髓背角TNF-αmRNA的表达。结果:成功制备Ⅰ型糖尿病(TIDM)大鼠模型,该模型具有高血糖、质量减轻、多饮、多食、多尿等特点,ELISA检测结果显示Con组、DM组和DM+Cur组大鼠脊髓背角TNF-α分子含量分别为:21±6 pg/mL、145±11 pg/mL以及80±7pg/mL,DM组TNF-α分子含量明显高于Con组(P<0.05),给予姜黄素治疗后,DM+Cur组TNF-α显著下降,但仍高于Con组(P<0.05)。RT-PCR检测结果显示DM组大鼠脊髓背角TNF-αmRNA高于Con组,给予姜黄素治疗后,DM+Cur组TNF-αmRNA较DM组有所降低,这一趋势与ELISA结果相一致。结论:STZ诱导的TIDM大鼠脊髓背角TNF-α表达增加,中药姜黄素可以降低TIDM大鼠髓背角TNF-α的表达。
3、大黄对糖尿病大鼠血管病变保护机制的实验研究
方法:制备糖尿病大鼠模型,并给予大黄干预,8周后,取血测定一氧化氮(NO)及内皮素-1(ET-1)。取胸主动脉环观察不同累积浓度的乙酰胆碱(Ach)对去甲肾上腺素(NE)引起的血管收缩的抑制率。另留取一段胸主动脉制备病理切片,SP法免疫组化染色,观察细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)及血管细胞间黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)的阳性表达。结果:大黄组与模型组相比能明显抑制升高的血浆ET-1(P<0.05);升高NO的水平(P<0.05);但均达不到正常组的水平(P<0.05)。模型组血管环对NE的收缩反应明显强于正常对照组及大黄组(P<0.05),且大黄组对NE的收缩反应亦强于正常对照组(P<0.05)。在相同Ach浓度下,模型组及大黄组胸主动脉环对Ach的舒张作用明显弱于正常组(P<0.05),而大黄组强于模型组(P<0.05)。大黄组能明显抑制糖尿病大鼠胸主动脉ICAM-1及VCAM-1表达(P<0.05)。结论:大黄具有降低大鼠ET-1及升高NO的作用,能够保护糖尿病大鼠内皮依赖的血管舒张功能,且能够抑制ICAM-1及VCAM-1的表达,具有抗动脉硬化作用。
4、大黄酚对糖尿病脑病大鼠海马中BDNF、iNOS和氧化应激的影响
方法:应用水迷宫实验检测大黄酚对糖尿病大鼠模型学习记忆的影响;应用试剂盒法检测不同实验组海马中胆碱酯酶(AChE),胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT),脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF),诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和氧化应激相关指标(CAT、SOD、GSH)的活性。结果大黄酚改善了糖尿病大鼠模型的学习记忆能力,增强了糖尿病大鼠模型组海马中AChE和BDNF的活性,抑制了模型组海马中ChAT、iNOS、CAT、SOD和GSH的活性。结论大黄酚可能通过增强BDNF的活性,下调iNOS的功能及抗氧化途径从而对糖尿病脑病产生保护作用,其可能成为临床上治疗糖尿病脑病的新型药物。
5、大黄素对2型糖尿病小鼠血糖、胰岛素水平的影响
方法:血糖均均≥13.9 mmol/L的SPF级KKAy小鼠40只,随机分为模型组(灌服无菌水)、低、中、高剂量大黄素治疗组[分别予12.5、25、50 mg/(kg.d)大黄素灌胃]和吡格列酮治疗组[予1.95 mg/(kg.d)灌胃],连续给药8周。8周后测定各组小鼠空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),并计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI);用RT-PCR法测定小鼠骨骼肌和脂肪组织中PI3-K及GluT4的mRNA。结果与模型组比较,低、中、高剂量大黄素治疗组和吡格列酮治疗组小鼠的FPG、FINS、ISI均明显降低(P均<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性。高剂量大黄素治疗组组FINS、ISI均高于吡格列酮治疗组(P均<0.05)。与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量大黄素治疗组及吡格列酮治疗组小鼠PI3-K、GluT4的mRNA明显增高(P均<0.05)。结论大黄素具有良好的降血糖、降低胰岛素水平和提高胰岛素敏感度作用,其机制可能与PI3-K、GluT4基因有关。
6、泽泻提取物对链脲佐菌素高血糖小鼠的治疗和保护作用
方法:①给小鼠腹腔注射STZ 15 0mg•kg-1造成糖尿病动物模型。igRAE 1.5、3.0g•kg-1,分别于给药前和给药后 1、2和 5h测定血糖 ;连续治疗 15d后测血糖和血脂。②连续igRAE 1.5、3.0g•kg-13d ,再ipSTZ 10 5mg•kg-1,并继续治疗 3d ,用放免法测血清胰岛素 ,取胰腺在光镜下观察胰岛组织学变化。结果 RAE治疗给药可明显降低STZ糖尿病小鼠的血糖和甘油三酯。防治给药可明显对抗STZ诱发的血糖升高及胰岛组织学改变 ,并能升高血清胰岛素水平。结论 RAE对STZ糖尿病小鼠有明显的治疗和保护作用。
7、泽泻提取物对正常及四氧嘧啶小鼠糖尿病模型的影响
方法 :给小鼠尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶 90mg•kg- 1 ,造成糖尿病模型。测定血糖 (Glu)、甘油三酯 (Trig)、胆固醇 (Chol)、胰淀粉酶 (Amy)和血清胰岛素 (Ins)。光镜下观察胰腺和胰岛的组织学变化。结果 :RAE可使正常小鼠血糖明显降低。治疗 7天可使四氧嘧啶小鼠Glu和Trig降低。光镜下观察RAE治疗后的四氧嘧啶小鼠 ,胰岛保持正常组织学形态。RAE还可升高血清Ins水平及对抗四氧嘧啶诱发的Amy降低。
8、女贞子降血糖作用
用女贞子水煎剂15,30g/kg给小鼠灌胃10日,可以降低正常小鼠的血糖,对四氧嘧啶引起的小鼠糖尿病有预防及治疗作用,并可对抗肾上腺素或葡萄糖引起的血糖升高。
女贞子中齐墩果酸抗糖尿病效果
女贞子是我国传统的中药,通常用来治疗癌症、肝炎等疾病,在降血糖方面虽有报道,但缺乏系统深入的研究。
8、葡萄籽多酚抗糖尿病大鼠非酶糖基化实验研究
观察葡萄籽多酚(GSPE)对糖尿病大鼠体内非酶糖基化反应的影响,评价其对糖尿病慢性并发症(DCC)的干预效果。方法Wistar大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)60mg/kg造成糖尿病模型,随机分为空白对照组、氨基胍(150mg•kg-1•d-1)治疗组、GSPE低、中、高3个剂量(50、150、450mg•kg-1•d-1)治疗组,每组12只,另12只设为正常对照组。常规喂养12周后取大鼠血清及脏器,比较各组肾重/体重比值,用荧光法比较各组肾皮质非酶糖基化终产物(AGEs),全自动生化仪检测血糖、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)。结果与空白对照组比较,GSPE可以显著降低糖尿病大鼠肾重/体重比值(P<001),减少肾皮质AGEs(P<001),GSPE中、高剂量组与氨基胍治疗组作用相似;GSPE对血糖、TG无显著影响,仅GSPE中剂量组TC与正常对照组比较差异有显著性(P<001)。结论GSPE能够抑制体内非酶糖基化反应,是其防治DCC的主要作用机制之一。
9、葡萄籽提取物原花青素对糖尿病小鼠的抗氧化作用
方法:以四氧嘧啶小鼠制备糖尿病模型,将造模成功后的小鼠,分为模型组、GSEP低、中、高3个剂量(50、100、150 mg/kg)组,另设正常对照组。连续给药28 d后,空腹12 h后,取全血和肝脏,测定全血和肝组织中超氧歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果经口给予小鼠GSEP 28 d后,高剂量组小鼠全血和肝组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性均明显高于模型组(P<0.05),中、高剂量组小鼠全血和肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量均明显低于模型组(均P<0.05)。结论 GSEP对糖尿病小鼠具有明显的抗氧化保护作用。
10. 凉粉草(仙草)的降糖作用与急性毒性试验
凉粉草是菊三七属一新种植物。民间用其叶子治疗糖尿病取得了较好的疗效。关于凉粉草对链脲佐菌素性糖尿病大鼠治疗作用的研究,我们已作了专文论述。为进一步探讨其降血糖作用和降糖机理,以及其安全性,我们着重进行了仙草对肾上腺素性、葡萄糖性高血糖小鼠血糖的影响及急性毒性试验。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂,其特征在于该中药复方制剂是由下述重量份的原料药物制成:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份。
2.一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂的制备方法,该方法是水提法,包括下述步骤:
a.按照重量份称取原料药物:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份;加水煎煮两次,按重量份计,每次煎煮水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏;
b.干燥,粉碎成细粉作为活性成分;
c.将步骤b所述的活性成分与药学上接受的载体或赋形剂一起制成各种剂型。
3.一种治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的中药复方制剂的制备方法,该方法是水提法,包括下述步骤:
a.按照重量份称取原料药物:姜黄10~40份,大黄10~40份,泽泻5~30份,女贞子5~30份,葡萄籽5~30份,凉粉草5~30份;加水煎煮两次,按重量份计,每次煎煮水的加入量是原料药物总重量份的8倍,每次煎煮2小时,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏,作为活性成分;
b.将步骤a所述的活性成分与药学上接受的载体或赋形剂一起制成各种剂型。
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