CN106306554B - A kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of alternative fresh food - Google Patents
A kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of alternative fresh food Download PDFInfo
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- CN106306554B CN106306554B CN201610677562.9A CN201610677562A CN106306554B CN 106306554 B CN106306554 B CN 106306554B CN 201610677562 A CN201610677562 A CN 201610677562A CN 106306554 B CN106306554 B CN 106306554B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
A kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of alternative fresh food, belongs to aquatic livestock nutrition and field of fodder, and the ingredient and weight percent of the feed are fish meal 40%, casein 6%, krill meal 10%, Mussel Powder 15%, high-strength flour 14.75%, cholesterol 0.5%, phosphatidase 2 %, fish oil 7%, choline 1%, astaxanthin 0.5%, vitamin C 0.75%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, multi-vitamins 0.5%, composite mineral matter 0.5%.Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of the present invention is by selecting each nutritional ingredient with when raw material, prepared mixed feed can satisfy the nutritional need of close shrimp breeding, its feeding effect and fresh and alive clam worm is fed in terms of spawning rate, continuous spawning rate, hatching rate, distortion ratio and ovum without significant difference, therefore feed alternative fresh food of the present invention is to the progress fortification of close shrimp, and avoids due to feeding fresh food and the problem of infect external pathogeny.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic livestock nutrition and field of fodder, more particularly to a kind of vannamei boone of alternative fresh food
Prawn mixed feed.
Background technique
Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeusvannamei) belongs to the open receptaculum seminis type of hot belt type, is generally acknowledged in the world
One of excellent cultivation shrimp species of minority.In production, to guarantee that close shrimp is smoothly mature and lays eggs, it can be carried out before extracing close shrimp optic stalk
The close shrimp fortification of two wheat harvesting periods is cultivated by a definite date.The gonad development process of close shrimp is a nutriment largely and quickly accumulates
Tired process could be used to grow, cast off a skin and breed when the energy of its intake is more than that maintain can be time-consuming.In this course, close
Shrimp needs constantly to take in a large amount of nutriment to meet the needs of normal gonad development, gamete generation and breeding activity.
Studies have shown that ovary can quickly increase weight 4-9 times in several days during close shrimp gonad development.Therefore, in close shrimp sexual gland
During development, suitable bait need to be provided, guarantees the abundant accumulation of matter and energy necessary to close shrimp breeds.
Currently, the Propogation and culture of close shrimp generally feeds biological feed, oyster, squid including fresh and alive clam worm and frost
Deng this process is generally from the fortification stage to the oviposition stage.These biological feeds can be improved close shrimp reproductive performance
And Larval quality, but in its application process, there is also more and more problems.Existing research confirms that clam worm, oyster etc. are natural
Biological feed is the vector of a variety of cause of diseases of prawn, and the pathogenic proper energy carried is transmitted to shrimp seedling by vertical transmission route.
In addition, the growth and breeding of these biological feeds are influenced by many environmental factors, quality and yield are unstable, easily influence large quantities of
Close shrimp is measured to accelerate the ripening cultivation and Seedling production.Moreover, these biological feed feeding volumes are big, (general day feeding volume is close shrimp weight
20-30%), expensive, restrict the raising of the Seedling production performance of enterprises.And close shrimp artifical compound feed has nutrition complete
Face, transport is easy to use, will not bring the advantages that cause of disease for causing prawn morbidity into substantially, has a extensive future.With China pair
Excellent hand fit's parent's shrimp feed is developed in the continuous development of Shrimp farming, has great economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of alternative fresh food, energy
The reproductive performance for improving Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock improves the quality of ovum, increases oviposition number, substitutes fresh food.
The present invention is completed by following operating technology:
A kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of alternative fresh food, the ingredient and weight percent of the feed are fish
Powder 40%, casein 6%, krill meal 10%, Mussel Powder 15%, high-strength flour 14.75%, cholesterol 0.5%, phosphatidase 2 %, fish oil
7%, choline 1%, astaxanthin 0.5%, vitamin C 0.75%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, multi-vitamins 0.5%, complex mineral
Matter 0.5%.
Multi-vitamins (mg/kg feed): thiamine, 25mg；Riboflavin, 45mg；Puridoxine hydrochloride, 20mg；Vitamin
B12, 0.1mg；Vitamin K3, 10mg；Inositol, 800mg；Pantothenic acid, 60mg；Niacin, 200mg；Folic acid, 20mg；Biotin,
1.20mg；Vitamin A, 32mg；Vitamin D, 5mg；Vitamin E, 120mg；Wheat-middlings 3.66g.
Composite mineral matter (mg/kg or g/kg feed): sodium fluoride, 2mg；Potassium iodide, 0.8mg；Cobalt chloride, 50mg；Sulphur
Sour copper, 10mg；Ferric sulfate, 80mg；Zinc sulfate, 50mg；Magnesium sulfate, 1200mg；Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3000mg；Common salt,
100mg；Zeolite powder, 0.5g.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of feed, and above-mentioned feedstuff is smashed it through 60 meshes, use
The method amplified step by step adds water and stirs after mixing, and is pressed into the close shrimp feed that specification is 1.5 × 3.0mm into granulator, after drying,
The cool place place of being protected from light is stored in save backup.
The present invention compared with prior art the utility model has the advantages that
1, fish meal, krill meal, Mussel Powder and casein is added in feed to be protein sources and deploy its ratio, it can
So that feed is had a reasonable nutrition composition, is able to satisfy the nutritional need to protein and amino acid of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock.
In addition, the addition of krill meal, Mussel Powder is remarkably improved the attractant of prawn feed
2, the present invention adds certain proportion krill meal in Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed and a certain amount of fish oil, gallbladder are solid
Alcohol and astaxanthin can meet the needs of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock is to essential fatty acid, cholesterol, to improve its egg laying amount, mention
High hatchability and distortion ratio.
3, Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of the present invention is by selecting each nutritional ingredient with when raw material, prepared cooperation
Feed can satisfy the nutritional need of close shrimp breeding, feeding effect with feed fresh and alive clam worm in spawning rate, continuous spawning rate, incubate
Diameter of rate, distortion ratio and ovum etc. is without significant difference, therefore the alternative fresh food of feed of the present invention seeks close shrimp
It supports and strengthens, and avoid due to feeding fresh food and the problem of infect external pathogeny.
Specific embodiment
Describe technology contents of the invention in detail below by embodiment.
The present embodiment is mainly the screening to different level krill meal in feed for litopenaeus vannamei, devises three groups and manually matches
Feed is closed, and is that control carries out fortification culture to close shrimp with clam worm, feeds close shrimp 60 days, observes its laying performance and offspring
Quality is to prove the beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art.
Three kinds of close shrimp artifical compound feeds are using fish meal, Mussel Powder, euphausia superba powder as protein sources, and fish oil is fat source, parent
Shrimp feed formula composition and conventional nutrients content such as table 1, control group feeds clam worm.Feedstuff smashes it through 60 meshes,
It is added water and stirred after being mixed using the method amplified step by step, is pressed into the close shrimp feed that specification is 1.5 × 3.0mm into granulator.It dries
After dry, it is stored in the cool place place of being protected from light and saves backup.
1 test feed formula composition of table and trophic component (%)
Note: multi-vitamins (mg/kg or g/kg feed): thiamine, 25mg；Riboflavin, 45mg；Puridoxine hydrochloride,
20mg；Vitamin B12,0.1mg；Vitamin K3,10mg；Inositol, 800mg；Pantothenic acid, 60mg；Niacin, 200mg；Folic acid, 20mg；
Biotin, 1.20mg；Vitamin A, 32mg；Vitamin D, 5mg；Vitamin E, 120mg；Wheat-middlings 18.67g.
Composite mineral matter (mg/kg or g/kg feed): sodium fluoride, 2mg；Potassium iodide, 0.8mg；Cobalt chloride, 50mg；Sulphur
Sour copper, 10mg；Ferric sulfate, 80mg；Zinc sulfate, 50mg；Magnesium sulfate, 1200mg；Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3000mg；Common salt,
100mg；Zeolite powder, 15.51g.
Test water is derived from Bohai Sea Gulf, uses after precipitating, husky filter, disinfection, the water temperature during fortification maintains 27-
28 DEG C, salinity 28-33 ‰, pH8.0-8.5, dissolved oxygen>5mg/L, total ammonia nitrogen<0.5mg/L, nitrite<0.1mg/L, depth of water 50-
60cm。
During fertilization oviposition, spawning and hatching water on normal processing basis, need to be added 10ppm EDTA and
0.5ppm povidone iodine carries out disinfection processing with the heavy metal ion that is complexed in water body and to water body.
Four processing groups of test point, each 80 tail shrimp of processing group, female-male proportion 1:1, two parallel groups feed feed respectively
1, (clam worm is fed using living body, impregnates two with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 50ppm before feeding for feed 2, feed 3 and clam worm
Clear water is cleaned after by three minutes).At the beginning of test, upper eye mark is covered in the side optic stalk of every tail parent shrimp, to distinguish individual.Fortification
After, method is scalded using tweezer to whole female parent shrimps and carries out unilateral eyestalk ablation operation.It is postoperative, whole processing groups change feed it is fresh
Clam worm living, using the method for artificial insemination, acquisition breeding and paedomorphosis data.
After artificial insemination, each processing group egg laying amount, hatching rate and distortion ratio are counted；It calculates the spawning rate of each processing group, connect
Continuous spawning rate, eggs on average number.50 or so fertilized eggs are respectively taken from preceding ten ovipositions of each processing group, are stored in concentration
For in 4% formalin, for measuring the ovum diameter of fertilized eggs；Simultaneously from preceding ten ovipositions of each processing group, receive every time
The fertilized eggs of collection about 0.2g are stored in liquid nitrogen, are measured for ovum fatty acid.The close shrimp oviposition breeding situation of different disposal group
As shown in table 2, as can be seen from the table, 2 groups of feed of egg laying amount is significantly higher than 1 group of feed (P < 0.05), (husky with control group
Silkworm) and 3 groups of feed without significant difference (P > 0.05), the egg laying amount of control group is maximum, is 23.45 ± 0.63 ten thousand, next is followed successively by
2 groups of feed, 3 groups of feed and 1 group of feed, respectively 22.53 ± 0.70 ten thousand, 21.74 ± 2.86 ten thousand and 18.06 ± 0.68 ten thousand.
The hatching rate of four processing groups is between 45.02 ± 1.20% to 49.26 ± 0.82%, control group highest, between four groups
Significant difference (P > 0.05) is not present in hatching rate.3 groups of distortion ratio control group in four groups, 2 groups of feed and feed without significant difference,
It is significantly higher than 1 group of feed (P < 0.05).
Each feed group egg laying amount of table 2, hatching rate and distortion ratio
Note: different Superscript letters represent significant difference (P < 0.05), similarly hereinafter.
Close shrimp spawning rate, continuous spawning rate and eggs on average number are as shown in table 3, as can be seen from the table, the production of feed 2
Ovum rate is maximum, up to 74.16 ± 1.18%, the spawning rate of clam worm group minimum 59.17 ± 1.18%, and the oviposition of feed 1 and feed 3
Rate is respectively 70.09 ± 1.89% and 69.05 ± 3.36%, 1 group of feed, 2 groups of feed, 3 groups of feed without significant difference (P >
0.05)；For continuous spawning rate, 3 groups of feed maximum, up to 55.00 ± 7.07%, is higher than control group significantly, with 1 group of feed
And 2 groups of feed without significant difference (P > 0.05).
Whole oviposition situations of each processing group, calculate each processing group eggs on average during comprehensive entire test
Number.As can be seen from the table, 3 groups of feed of eggs on average number is maximum, is 2.00 ± 0.28, is higher than feed 1 and right significantly
According to group, with 2 groups of feed without significant difference (P > 0.05).
Each feed group spawning rate of table 3, continuous spawning rate and eggs on average number
The female shrimp quantity of spawning rate=oviposition/female shrimp sum × 100%
Female shrimp quantity × 100% of the female shrimp quantity/oviposition for continuous spawning rate=repeatedly lay eggs
Preceding ten oviposition ovum diameters of each processing group are measured microscopically with optics, every time oviposition 50, each processing group is examined altogether
The ovum diameter of 500 fertilized eggs is surveyed, measurement result is as shown in table 4.As can be seen from the table, it is 3 groups of feed that ovum diameter is maximum, is
267.84±7.19μm；The smallest is 1 group of feed, is 256.70 ± 4.54 μm；2 groups of feed and control group be respectively 263.37 ±
3.00 μm and 258.21 ± 8.23 μm.One-way analysis of variance shows control group and 3 groups of significant differences (P < 0.05) of feed, with
2 groups of othernesses of 1 group of feed and feed are not significant (P > 0.05), and significance difference (P > 0.05) is not present between 2 groups of feed, 3 groups of feed.
Each feed group of table 4 oviposition ovum diameter size
Ovum diameter=(major diameter+minor axis)/2.
Three groups of artifical compound feeds and the fatty acid of clam worm composition measurement result are as shown in table 5.As can be seen from the table, always
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content highest in clam worm body is 46.68 ± 0.68%；The Σ PUFA of feed 2 and feed 3 points
Not Wei 37.31 ± 1.13% and 38.23 ± 0.15%, the content of feed 1 is minimum, only 28.94 ± 0.60%, feed 2 and raise
Expect that 3 differences are not significant (P > 0.05).DHA (C22:6n-3) content compares clam worm group and feed 3 without significant difference (P < 0.05),
EPA (C20:5n-3) and AA (C20:4n-6) content are above three groups of artifical compound feeds in the intracorporal content of clam worm, but compare
Under, feed 2 and feed 3 have with the closer EPA and AA content of clam worm, 2 groups without significant difference.
The content of n-6 Series P UFA highest in clam worm body, up to 13.63 ± 0.01%, with remaining each group significant difference (P <
0.05)；The intracorporal n-3 Series P UFA content of clam worm is equally higher than its excess-three group artifical compound feed, up to 33.05 ± 0.67%.
But it is feed 3 that n-3/n-6 numerical value is maximum, is 3.17 ± 0.02, is secondly successively feed 2, clam worm and feed 1, numerical value point
It Wei 2.85 ± 0.10,2.42 ± 0.04 and 2.20 ± 0.03.
5 artifical compound feed of table and the fatty acid of clam worm composition (%)
Note: content of fatty acid is indicated with the ratio that each fatty acid methyl ester accounts for total fatty acids methyl esters.Similarly hereinafter.
Each processing group fertilized eggs fatty acid composition
Σ PUFA content highest in control group ovum is 24.59 ± 1.18%, followed by 2 groups of feed, 23.62 ±
0.48%, difference is not significant (P > 0.05) between two groups；3 groups of Σ PUFA of feed between 22.93 ± 1.01%, with 2 groups of feed not
There are significant difference (P > 0.05), 1 group of Σ PUFA content of feed is minimum, is 19.14 ± 0.07%, aobvious with its excess-three group difference
It writes (P < 0.05).EPA content highest in control group ovum is 9.16 ± 1.03%, and 2 groups of feed, the content in 3 groups of feed are respectively
8.37 ± 0.02%, 8.88 ± 0.04%, significance difference (P > 0.05) is not present between three groups；The EPA content that 1 group of feed be 7.60 ±
0.38%, it is significant with clam worm group otherness.Content of the AA content in control group ovum is lower than 2 groups of feed and 3 groups of feed, but is higher than
1 group of feed, 3 groups of content highests of feed are 1.48 ± 0.28%.DHA content content in 1 group of feed of ovum is minimum, and with
Its excess-three group there are significance difference (P<0.05), 2 groups of feed, 3 groups of feed between clam worm group difference it is not significant (P>0.05).Four
Significance difference (P > 0.05) is not present between four groups between 1.21 ± 0.14 to 1.36 ± 0.25 in n-3/n-6 ratio in processing group,
3 groups of feed maximum, is 1.36 ± 0.25,2 groups of feed are taken second place.
Fatty acid in each processing group ovum of table 6 forms (%)
By being tested above as it can be seen that the krill meal that addition mass ratio is 10% in Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed, matches simultaneously
Close 40% fish meal, 6% casein, 15% Mussel Powder, 14.75% high-strength flour, 0.5% cholesterol, 2% phosphatide, 7% fish oil, 1%
Choline, 0.5% astaxanthin, 0.75% vitamin C, 1.5% calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.5% multi-vitamins and 0.5% complex mineral
Spawning rate, the continuous spawning rate of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock can be improved in matter；Hatching rate, distortion ratio and ovum diameter are also different degrees of simultaneously
It improves, can compare favourably with clam worm.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feed of alternative fresh food, it is characterised in that the ingredient and weight hundred of the feed
Divide than being fish meal 40%, casein 6%, krill meal 10%, Mussel Powder 15%, high-strength flour 14.75%, cholesterol 0.5%, phosphatidase 2 %, fish
Oil 7%, choline 1%, astaxanthin 0.5%, vitamin C 0.75%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, multi-vitamins 0.5%, composite mineral matter
0.5%；
The multi-vitamins are per kilogram feed by following weight at being grouped as: thiamine, 25mg；Riboflavin, 45mg；
Puridoxine hydrochloride, 20mg；Vitamin B12, 0.1mg；Vitamin K3, 10mg；Inositol, 800mg；Pantothenic acid, 60mg；Niacin, 200mg；
Folic acid, 20mg；Biotin, 1.20mg；Vitamin A, 32mg；Vitamin D, 5mg；Vitamin E, 120mg；Wheat-middlings 3.66g；
The composite mineral matter is per kilogram feed by following weight at being grouped as: sodium fluoride, 2mg；Potassium iodide, 0.8mg；
Cobalt chloride, 50mg；Copper sulphate, 10mg；Ferric sulfate, 80mg；Zinc sulfate, 50mg；Magnesium sulfate, 1200mg；Calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
3000mg；Sodium chloride, 100mg；Zeolite powder, 0.5 g.
2. the preparation method of feed described in claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned feedstuff is smashed it through 60 meshes, is used
The method amplified step by step adds water and stirs after mixing, and is pressed into the close shrimp feed that specification is 1.5 × 3.0 mm, drying into granulator
Afterwards, the cool place place of being protected from light is stored in save backup.
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| CN106973834B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2020-11-03 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Feeding method for parent litopenaeus vannamei |
| CN107660652A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-06 | 浦江县协盈动物饲料技术开发有限公司 | The preparation method of prawn breeding period fortified feed |
| TWI815840B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2023-09-21 | 香港商法瑪林克國際有限公司 | Lipid combinations |
| CN108157251A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-15 | 浦江县协盈动物饲料技术开发有限公司 | A kind of method for promoting prawn sexual gland maturation |
| CN108402283A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-17 | 广东粤海饲料集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock premixing material for fodder compound additive and its application method |
| CN109123224A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-04 | 广东粤海饲料集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Litoenaeus vannamei parent shrimp breeding compound premix special |
| CN111109449A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-08 | 大连海洋大学 | Maturing-promoting compound feed for seed shrimps of prawns and preparation method thereof |
| CN112262799A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Nutrition regulation and control method for improving reproductive performance and larva quality of litopenaeus vannamei |
| CN112617011B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-10-28 | 海南大学 | Compound feed for promoting maturity of ovaries of litopenaeus vannamei and preparation method thereof |
| CN112841455A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-28 | 广东恒兴饲料实业股份有限公司 | Special compound feed for breeding penaeus monodon parent shrimps and preparation method thereof |
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