CN111109449A - Maturing-promoting compound feed for seed shrimps of prawns and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Maturing-promoting compound feed for seed shrimps of prawns and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- WORJEOGGNQDSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClC(Cl)Cl WORJEOGGNQDSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 241001262617 Japonica Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
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- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns, which comprises a plurality of raw materials such as polar ester extract of clamworm, fish meal, casein, mussel powder, shrimp bran powder and the like, and the compound feed is prepared by separating, purifying and adding a plurality of lipid hormones rich in polar ester of clamworm, and can promote the gonad development of the breeding prawns and avoid the influence of a series of pathogenic sources on the breeding prawns caused by feeding biological feed in the prior art. The gonad development index of the feed prepared by the method is compared with that of the penaeus vannamei boone using living clamworms as bait after the feed is used for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone, and the gonad index of the feed is close to that of the feed of fresh and live clamworms without obvious difference. Compared with the method of directly feeding living clamworms, the compound feed has the advantages of low cost, convenient long-time storage, no need of artificial breeding and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns and a preparation method of the compound feed.
Background
Arthropoda of Penaeus (A. sp.), (Phylum Arthropoda) Crustacea (Crustacea), Decapoda (Decapoda), Penaeidae (Penaeidae), Penaeus (Penaeus). The types of the penaeus vannamei boone which is widely cultured at present comprise penaeus vannamei boone, penaeus chinensis, penaeus monodon and the like, and the penaeus vannamei boone, the penaeus chinensis and the penaeus monodon are recognized as three economic shrimps with the largest culture area and the highest yield in the world. The penaeus vannamei boone belongs to the variety with the largest culture area in China.
All prawns belong to the open type seminal vesicle type, the domestic measures for promoting the maturity of the gonads of parent prawns are concentrated on removing the unilateral eye handles of the prawns at present, and the unilateral eye handles of the parent prawns are removed in the process of breeding the parent prawns and the nutrition-enriched culture is carried out for about two months. In the nutrient enrichment culture stage, the parent shrimps need a large amount of nutrients to grow in weight and length, and researches show that the weight of the ovaries can be increased by 4-9 times within a few days when the ovaries rapidly increase in weight in the gonad development process. Therefore, at this stage, proper feed must be provided to satisfy the nutrition required for the development of the ovary of the parent shrimp and to have a corresponding promoting effect on the development of the ovary of the parent shrimp. At present, living biological baits such as live clamworms, frozen oysters, squids and the like are generally used in the process of breeding parent shrimps, and are irreplaceable mature promoting feed for seed shrimps at present due to rich nutrition and rich hormones. However, the live biological bait provides sufficient nutrition for the prawns, but the live biological bait also carries various pathogenetic sources of the prawns, and can affect the health of the parent prawns and further affect the offspring larvae. Therefore, the research and development of the artificial compound feed for the seed shrimps are of great significance for promoting the maturity of the seed shrimps of the prawns.
In the existing prawn feed formula, the formula of a common basic feed is mature and diversified, but compared with biological baits such as clamworm and the like, the gonad maturing effect of the prawn seed prawn still has great difference, and the gonad maturing effect is mainly reflected in multiple aspects such as gonad maturing time, gonad maturity and the like. Therefore, the development of high-quality and high-efficiency artificial breeding shrimp compound feed has important significance for the development of the prawn industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a compound feed capable of promoting the gonad maturation of the parent shrimps on the premise of controlling the cost and a preparation method of the compound feed.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns and shrimps is characterized in that: the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
nereid polar lipid extract 0.5-2
35-40 parts of fish meal
Casein 3-6
Mussel powder 10-15
8-10 parts of shrimp bran powder
Cholesterol 0.5
12-15 parts of high-gluten flour
Phospholipids 2
Choline 1
5-8 parts of fish oil
10-20 parts of scale shrimp powder
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5
Vitamin complex 0.5
0.5 of composite mineral
Astaxanthin 0.5
Vitamin C0.75
The preparation method of the compound feed for promoting the maturity of the seed shrimps of the prawns is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
a. preparing the dry clam worm powder: freeze drying fresh Nereid with freeze drier, completely drying, pulverizing with superfine pulverizer to obtain Nereid fine powder,
b. extracting the total lipid of the nereis from the nereis dry powder: putting the lyophilized powder of Nereis Japonica in methanol-chloroform mixed solution, mixing for 3min, the mass volume ratio of the dried powder of Nereis Japonica to the methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 1:15, the volume ratio of methanol to chloroform in the methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 2:1, adding chloroform into the mixed solution, mixing for 3min, the volume ratio of chloroform to methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 1:3, adding distilled water into the mixed solution, mixing for 1min, the volume ratio of distilled water to the initial methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 3:5, performing suction filtration with Buchner funnel, standing the mixed solution in separating funnel for 12h for layering, separating the lower liposoluble chloroform layer after 12h, performing reduced pressure distillation in rotary evaporator, and obtaining pure total Nereis Japonica lipid after evaporation,
c. separation of polar lipids: putting the separated total lipid into frozen acetone solution with a mass-volume ratio of 1:1-2, centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 3000 r/min for 5min, discarding the supernatant, collecting the lower layer insoluble in acetone as polar lipid, and performing rotary evaporation and purification to obtain pure polar lipid,
d. preparing a compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns: mixing the obtained polar lipid extract of clamworm with other raw materials according to a certain mass percentage, uniformly stirring, granulating in a granulator, and drying to obtain the mature-promoting compound feed for the seed shrimps of prawns, wherein the mature-promoting compound feed is stored in a low-temperature drying environment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention discloses a compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns and a preparation method thereof, which utilizes the characteristic of a plurality of lipid hormones rich in polar lipid of clamworm to prepare the feed capable of promoting gonad maturity of the breeding prawns through separation, purification and addition. The gonad development index of the compound feed is compared with that of the penaeus vannamei boone taking living clamworms as bait after the compound feed prepared by the method is used for feeding the penaeus vannamei boone, and the gonad index of the compound feed is close to that of the fed live clamworms without obvious difference (table 1). Compared with the method of directly feeding living clamworms, the compound feed has the advantages of low cost, convenient long-time storage, no need of artificial breeding and the like.
Detailed Description
The following will explain specific embodiments of the present invention.
A compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns and shrimps comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5-2 parts of clam worm polar lipid extract, 35-40 parts of fish meal, 3-6 parts of casein, 10-15 parts of mussel powder, 8-10 parts of shrimp bran powder, 0.5 part of cholesterol, 12-15 parts of high gluten meal, 2 parts of phospholipid, 1 part of choline, 5-8 parts of fish oil, 10-20 parts of shrimp scale powder, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of compound vitamin, 0.5 part of compound mineral substance, 0.5 part of astaxanthin and 0.75 part of vitamin C.
The preparation method of the compound feed for promoting the maturity of the seed shrimps of the prawns comprises the following steps of:
a. preparing the dry clam worm powder: freeze drying fresh Nereid with freeze drier, completely drying, pulverizing with superfine pulverizer to obtain Nereid fine powder,
b. extracting the total lipid of the nereis from the nereis dry powder: putting the lyophilized powder of Nereis Japonica in methanol-chloroform mixed solution, mixing for 3min, the mass volume ratio of the dried powder of Nereis Japonica to the methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 1:15, the volume ratio of methanol to chloroform in the methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 2:1, adding chloroform into the mixed solution, mixing for 3min, the volume ratio of chloroform to methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 1:3, adding distilled water into the mixed solution, mixing for 1min, the volume ratio of distilled water to the initial methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 3:5, performing suction filtration with Buchner funnel, standing the mixed solution in separating funnel for 12h for layering, separating the lower liposoluble chloroform layer after 12h, performing reduced pressure distillation in rotary evaporator, and obtaining pure total Nereis Japonica lipid after evaporation,
c. separation of polar lipids: putting the separated total lipid into frozen acetone solution with a mass-volume ratio of 1:1-2, centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 3000 r/min for 5min, discarding the supernatant, collecting the lower layer insoluble in acetone as polar lipid, and performing rotary evaporation and purification to obtain pure polar lipid,
d. preparing a compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns: mixing the obtained polar lipid extract of clamworm with other raw materials according to a certain mass percentage, uniformly stirring, granulating in a granulator, and drying to obtain the mature-promoting compound feed for the seed shrimps of prawns, wherein the mature-promoting compound feed is stored in a low-temperature drying environment.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a feed for promoting maturity of gonad of seed shrimp of prawn is prepared from polar lipid extract of clamworm 0.5%, fish meal 40%, casein 5.25%, mussel powder 15%, shrimp bran powder 10%, cholesterol 0.5%, high gluten powder 15%, phospholipid 2%, choline 1%, fish oil 7%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin mixture 0.5%, mineral mixture 0.5%, astaxanthin 0.5% and vitamin C0.75% by weight.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: firstly, freeze-drying fresh clamworm by a cold freeze dryer, and crushing the freeze-dried clamworm into dry clamworm powder by a crusher; mixing 40g of dry powder of Nereis Japonica with 600ml of methanol-chloroform mixture (wherein the volume ratio of methanol to chloroform is 2: 1) for 3min, adding 200ml of chloroform, mixing for 3min, adding 360ml of distilled water, mixing for 1min, vacuum filtering with Buchner funnel, standing the obtained extractive solution in separating funnel for 12h, and layering; after 12h, taking down the lower layer of fat-soluble chloroform layer solution, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a rotary evaporator to obtain the remaining part which is pure total lipid; treating the separated total lipid with frozen acetone, centrifuging at low speed in a centrifuge (4 deg.C, 3000 r/min) for 5min, removing the supernatant to obtain lower layer insoluble in acetone as polar lipid, and performing rotary evaporation purification to obtain pure polar lipid.
Uniformly mixing the obtained pure polar nereis lipid with other raw materials according to the following weight ratio: 0.5 percent of clam worm polar lipid extract, 40 percent of fish meal, 5.25 percent of casein, 15 percent of mussel powder, 10 percent of shrimp bran powder, 0.5 percent of cholesterol, 15 percent of high gluten meal, 2 percent of phospholipid, 1 percent of choline, 7 percent of fish oil, 1.5 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 percent of compound vitamin, 0.5 percent of compound mineral substance, 0.5 percent of astaxanthin and 0.75 percent of vitamin C; adding water into the mixed raw materials according to the weight of 7% and uniformly mixing, granulating by a granulator, drying to obtain the finished feed product, and storing in a low-temperature and dry environment.
Example two:
a feed for promoting maturity of gonad of parent prawn is prepared from polar lipid extract of clamworm (1.5 wt.%), fish powder (40 wt.%), casein (3 wt.%), mussel powder (10 wt.%), cholesterol (0.5 wt.%), high-gluten powder (12 wt.%), phosphatide (2 wt.%), choline (1 wt.%), fish oil (6.25 wt.%), lobster powder (20 wt.%), calcium dihydrogen phosphate (1.5 wt.%), composite vitamins (0.5 wt.%), composite minerals (0.5 wt.%), astaxanthin (0.5 wt.%) and vitamin C (0.75 wt.%).
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: firstly, freeze-drying fresh clamworm by a cold freeze dryer, and crushing the freeze-dried clamworm into dry clamworm powder by a crusher; mixing 40g of dry powder of Nereis Japonica with 600ml of methanol-chloroform mixture (wherein the volume ratio of methanol to chloroform is 2: 1) for 3min, adding 200ml of chloroform, mixing for 3min, adding 360ml of distilled water, mixing for 1min, vacuum filtering with Buchner funnel, standing the obtained extractive solution in separating funnel for 12h, and layering; after 12h, taking down the lower layer of fat-soluble chloroform layer solution, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a rotary evaporator to obtain the remaining part which is pure total lipid; treating the separated total lipid with frozen acetone, centrifuging in a low-speed freezing centrifuge (4 deg.C, 3000 r/min) for 5min, removing the supernatant to obtain lower layer insoluble in acetone as polar lipid, and performing rotary evaporation purification to obtain pure polar lipid; uniformly mixing the obtained pure polar nereis lipid with other raw materials according to the following weight ratio: 1.5 percent of clam worm polar lipid extract, 40 percent of fish meal, 3 percent of casein, 10 percent of mussel powder, 0.5 percent of cholesterol, 12 percent of high gluten meal, 2 percent of phospholipid, 1 percent of choline, 6.25 percent of fish oil, 20 percent of shrimp meal, 1.5 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 percent of vitamin mixture, 0.5 percent of mineral mixture, 0.5 percent of astaxanthin and 0.75 percent of vitamin C; adding water into the mixed raw materials according to the weight of 7% and uniformly mixing, granulating by a granulator, drying to obtain the finished feed product, and storing in a low-temperature and dry environment.
Table 1. comparison results of gonadal index, hepatopancreas index and gonadal maturity rate of live clamworm and south America white parent shrimp fed by compound feed described in the application
| Gonad index (%) | Hepatopancreas index (%) | First time gonad maturation rate | Secondary gonad maturation rate | |
| The feed | 5.28±0.28 | 3.67±0.12 | 60% | 58.33% |
| Live clamworm | 5.4±0.31 | 3.54±0.28 | 63.33% | 62.50% |
Claims (2)
1. A compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns and shrimps is characterized in that: the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
nereid polar lipid extract 0.5-2
35-40 parts of fish meal
Casein 3-6
Mussel powder 10-15
8-10 parts of shrimp bran powder
Cholesterol 0.5
12-15 parts of high-gluten flour
Phospholipids 2
Choline 1
5-8 parts of fish oil
10-20 parts of scale shrimp powder
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5
Vitamin complex 0.5
0.5 of composite mineral
Astaxanthin 0.5
Vitamin C0.75.
2. A method for preparing the shrimp seed maturity promoting compound feed of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
a. preparing the dry clam worm powder: freeze drying fresh Nereid with freeze drier, completely drying, pulverizing with superfine pulverizer to obtain Nereid fine powder,
b. extracting the total lipid of the nereis from the nereis dry powder: putting the lyophilized powder of Nereis Japonica in methanol-chloroform mixed solution, mixing for 3min, the mass volume ratio of the dried powder of Nereis Japonica to the methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 1:15, the volume ratio of methanol to chloroform in the methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 2:1, adding chloroform into the mixed solution, mixing for 3min, the volume ratio of chloroform to methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 1:3, adding distilled water into the mixed solution, mixing for 1min, the volume ratio of distilled water to the initial methanol-chloroform mixed solution is 3:5, performing suction filtration with Buchner funnel, standing the mixed solution in separating funnel for 12h for layering, separating the lower liposoluble chloroform layer after 12h, performing reduced pressure distillation in rotary evaporator, and obtaining pure total Nereis Japonica lipid after evaporation,
c. separation of polar lipids: putting the separated total lipid into frozen acetone solution with a mass-volume ratio of 1:1-2, centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 3000 r/min for 5min, discarding the supernatant, collecting the lower layer insoluble in acetone as polar lipid, and performing rotary evaporation and purification to obtain pure polar lipid,
d. preparing a compound feed for promoting maturity of breeding prawns: mixing the obtained polar lipid extract of clamworm with other raw materials according to a certain mass percentage, uniformly stirring, granulating in a granulator, and drying to obtain the mature-promoting compound feed for the seed shrimps of prawns, wherein the mature-promoting compound feed is stored in a low-temperature drying environment.
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| CN1739377A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2006-03-01 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Sex gland mature promoting feed additive for tigar prawn |
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| CN1739377A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2006-03-01 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Sex gland mature promoting feed additive for tigar prawn |
| JP2011142821A (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-28 | Kagoshima Univ | Composition for accelerating maturation and/or spawning of crustacea |
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