CN106293957A - 内容中心网络中的灵活命令和控制 - Google Patents

内容中心网络中的灵活命令和控制 Download PDF

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CN106293957A
CN106293957A CN201610425794.5A CN201610425794A CN106293957A CN 106293957 A CN106293957 A CN 106293957A CN 201610425794 A CN201610425794 A CN 201610425794A CN 106293957 A CN106293957 A CN 106293957A
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CN106293957B (zh
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C·A·伍德
G·C·斯科特
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Cisco Technology Inc
Vihana Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
    • G06F9/546—Message passing systems or structures, e.g. queues
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
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    • G06F9/544—Buffers; Shared memory; Pipes
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/07—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail characterised by the inclusion of specific contents
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
    • G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
    • G06F9/547—Remote procedure calls [RPC]; Web services
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract

一个实施例提供促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的传输框架系统。操作中，所述系统通过通信模块的堆栈的组件，为目标实体生成第一命令消息。所述第一命令消息包括对所述目标实体唯一的名称，所述堆栈不需要相应的通信模块来只与其上或其下的层通信。所述组件通过将所述第一命令消息插入到与所述组件对应的队列中，将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体。所述组件还通过与发送实体对应的队列从所述发送实体接收第二命令消息，所述第二命令消息包括对所述组件唯一的名称。这促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信。

Description

内容中心网络中的灵活命令和控制
技术领域
本申请一般涉及传输框架。更具体地，本申请涉及用于促进在相同或不同堆栈的组件之间以与层无关(layer-agnostic)的方式传送命令消息的方法和系统。
背景技术
移动计算装置和互联网无处不在，这使得人们可以从任何地方体验数字内容。人们可以使用移动计算装置中的应用来消费来自互联网上的服务提供商的内容或与之交互，诸如以流形式播放电影或音乐或与别人玩游戏。移动计算的这些先进之处还提高了可以被这些移动装置再现的内容的质量，并大大提高了可以生成和捕获数字内容并通过互联网与其它人分享的装置的数量。如今，即便很小的移动装置，诸如智能手机都可以产生具有高质量颜色再现的全高清视频，高速蜂窝和宽带网络使得用户可以通过各种互联网服务诸如YouTube(来自Google公司)和Facebook(来自Facebook公司)内容分享服务与其它人分享此内容。
许多计算机应用利用这些计算机网络和互联网服务向其用户提供社交特征，这大大地提升了用户体验。当应用想要使用网络时，其通过使用在计算装置的操作系统上运行的一个或多个应用编程接口(API)来进行。这些API提供一种应用发送、接收、存储、配置数据或另外与网络上的其它计算机通信的方式。
例如，在应用可以使用API通过网络发送或接收数据之前，应用实例化实现网络API的协议堆栈。在基于例如开放系统互连(OSI)模型的传统的协议堆栈中，每一层只可以与其之上或之下的层通信。在基于内容中心网络(CCN)的模型中，协议堆栈可以被动态地创建以满足各个应用使用的API的需求。尽管这些应用驱动的协议堆栈的创建可以提高系统的灵活性，但缺乏标准化对寻址这样的堆栈内的特定组件构成挑战。而且，一些消息可能与堆栈内的特定的流动方向关联，这可能导致灵活性降低。
发明内容
一个实施例提供促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的传输框架系统。操作中，所述系统通过通信模块的堆栈的组件，为目标实体生成第一命令消息。所述第一命令消息包括对所述目标实体唯一的名称，所述堆栈不需要相应的通信模块来只与其上或其下的层通信。所述组件通过将所述第一命令消息插入到与所述组件对应的队列中，将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体。所述组件还通过与发送实体对应的队列从所述发送实体接收第二命令消息。所述第二命令消息包括对所述组件唯一的名称。这促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信。
在一些实施例中，所述目标实体和所述发送实体是以下的一个或多个：所述堆栈的另一组件；另一堆栈的组件；与对应于所述堆栈的应用关联的API实例；与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例；与所述堆栈关联的转发器；以及与另一堆栈关联的转发器。
在一些实施例中，发送所述第一命令消息还包括：通过消息传送系统将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体。
在一些实施例中，响应于确定所述目标实体是所述堆栈的另一组件，另一堆栈的组件，与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例，或与另一堆栈关联的转发器，系统为所述组件设置向上或向下的输出队列作为对应于所述组件的队列。响应于确定所述目标实体是与对应于所述堆栈的应用关联的API实例，系统为所述组件设置向上的输出队列作为与所述组件对应的队列。响应于确定所述目标实体是与所述堆栈关联的转发器，系统为所述组件设置向下的输出队列作为与所述组件对应的队列。
在一些实施例中，接收所述第二命令消息还包括通过消息传送系统从所述发送实体接收所述第二命令消息。
在一些实施例中，所述第二命令消息通过与所述发送实体关联的向上或向下的输入队列接收。
在一些实施例中，所述第一或第二命令消息的名称包括以下的一个或多个：堆栈的名称；与相应的端口实例关联的转发器的名称；所述堆栈的组件的名称和与堆栈的组件关联的命令。
在一些实施例中，所述堆栈的组件的名称基于以下的一个或多个：分层结构可变长度标识符(HSVLI)，其包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组件，其中，HSVLI可应用于与所述堆栈对应的端口实例中；不指示任何分层的扁平名称；所述堆栈内的组件的角色；以及特定于所述堆栈的组件的唯一标识符。
附图说明
图1图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的示例性环境。
图2A图解说明根据本发明的实施例的示例性传输框架。
图2B图解说明堆栈的组件和与同一堆栈关联的应用之间的传统示例性通信。
图2C图解说明根据本发明的实施例堆栈的组件和与同一堆栈关联的应用之间的示例性通信。
图2D图解说明根据本发明的实施例堆栈的组件和与同一堆栈关联的应用之间的示例性通信。
图2E图解说明根据本发明的实施例不同堆栈的组件之间的示例性通信。
图2F图解说明根据本发明的实施例不同堆栈的组件之间的示例性通信。
图3图解说明根据本发明的实施例包括消息传送系统的示例性传输框架。
图4A呈现一流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例用于促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的方法。
图4B呈现一流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例用于促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的方法。
图5图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的示例性设备。
图6图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的示例性计算机系统。
附图中，相同的附图标记指相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
给出以下描述使得本领域技术人员能够制造和使用实施例，以下描述是在特定应用和其需求的背景下提供的。对所公开实施例的各种改进对本领域技术人员是非常显然的，在不偏离本申请的精神和范围下，本文中定义的一般原理可以应用于其它实施例和应用。因此，本发明不局限于所显示的实施例，而是给予与本文中公开的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。
本发明的实施例提供用于传输框架的消息传递方案，其通过使与层无关的命令消息在相同堆栈或不同堆栈的应用、转发器和各个组件之间发送，解决了对由分层协议堆栈中的组件或应用发起的消息强加固定方向的问题。在CCN中，传输框架使得高级API实例化框架内的传输堆栈。传输堆栈可以包括多个组件或通信模块，不遵守传统的分层模型(例如OSI)，其中，每个组件只与其上或其下的组件通信。传输堆栈可以在运行时被动态地创建和配置，其中，传输堆栈内的每个组件执行特定功能。例如，传输堆栈的一个组件可以是流量控制器，其负责实现高级消息流API的传输控制协议(TCP)拥堵避免算法(例如TCP Vegas)。
通常，为了配置堆栈组件，API可以生成指向该堆栈组件的“控制”消息。控制消息与兴趣或内容对象类似，原因是其是由CCN名称标识的，并包括有效载荷。控制消息按顺序逐层向下流过堆栈流动通过各堆栈组件，直到到达潜在接收者，潜在接收者生成并发送响应(例如形式为具有伴随元数据，诸如错误代码或成功消息的ACK或NACK)。相反，个别堆栈组件可以发布指向上级组件或API的“通知”消息。与控制消息类似，通知消息由CCN名称标识，按顺序逐层向上流过堆栈，直到到达潜在接收者，并触发响应。
由单独不同类型的消息(例如从API到堆栈组件的控制消息，从堆栈组件到API的通知消息)的流动施加的严格性可能导致整个传输框架的灵活性降低。本发明的实施例提供一种系统，其中，统一的与层无关的命令消息(包括控制消息和通知消息)可以从应用/API、堆栈组件或转发器发送到与同一或不同装置上的同一或不同堆栈关联的任何其它应用/API、堆栈组件或转发器。命令消息可以基于由发起者和唯一的命令方案指定的方向，向上或向下流过堆栈。传输堆栈名称方案和身份管理在美国专利申请号14/746,490中描述。基于命名方案提供统一的命令消息消除了标准的“向下”流动的控制消息和“向上”流动的通知消息的方向依赖性。因此，在动态配置的非标准分层CCN传输堆栈中，系统促进以与层无关的方式的命令消息的构造和通信。
在一些实施例中，传输框架在CCN架构下操作。在CCN中，每一项内容是单独命名的，每项数据绑定到将该数据与任何其它项数据相区分的唯一名称，诸如同一数据的其它形式或来自其它源的数据。此唯一名称允许网络装置通过传播指示唯一名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据，并且可以获得与数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用和传输手段无关的数据。使用以下词语描述CCN架构：
内容对象(或“Content Object”)：单一一项命名数据，其绑定到唯一名称。内容对象是“永久的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算装置内或者在不同的计算装置中移动，但不会改变。如果内容对象的任何组成变化，则出现变化的实体创建包括更新内容的新内容对象，将新内容对象绑定到新唯一名称。
唯一名称(Unique Name)：CCN中的名称通常是与位置无关的，唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发装置不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何，可以使用名称或名称前缀将包向生成或存储内容对象的网络节点转发。在一些实施例中，名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以分成几个分层组成，这些组成可以以各种方式构造。例如，个别的名称组成parc，home，ccn和test.txt可以以左对齐的前缀为主的方式构造，形成名称“/parc/home/ndn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。附加组成可以用来区分内容项目的不同形式，诸如合作文档。
在一些实施例中，名称可以包括标识符，诸如由内容对象的数据(例如检验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的组成导出的散列值。基于散列的名称的描述在美国专利申请号13/847,814中描述。名称还可以是扁平标签(flat label)。后面，“名称”用来指在命名数据网络中一条数据的任何名称，诸如层次名称或名称前缀，扁平名称(flat name)，固定长度的名称，任意长度的名称，或者标签(例如多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(或“Interest”)：指示对一条数据的请求的包，包括该条数据的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以在信息中心网络中传播请求或兴趣，CCN/NDN路由器可以向可以提供请求数据的存储装置(例如缓存服务器)或数据生产者播送，以满足请求或兴趣。
此外，“lci”指标记的内容信息，是统一资源定位器(URI)兼容的标识符，其中，名称片断携带标签。网络协议诸如CCN可以通过将特定标签施加到URI的每个名称片断来使用标记的内容信息。在分层结构的名称中，标记的内容名称给每个片断分配语义类型或标签。例如，名称片断的类型可以包括为包括任意八字节的通用名称片断的名称片断，这使CCN对于消息使用二进制线上(on-the-wire)表示。
本文中公开的方法不局限于CCN架构，还可以应用于其它架构。CCN架构的描述在美国专利申请号12/338,175中描述。
图1图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的示例性环境100。计算环境100可以包括计算机网络102，诸如CCN。环境100还可以包括与本地计算装置104关联的用户106和远程计算装置108。装置104和108可以具有内部传输堆栈(例如分别与传输框架130和170关联)，内部传输堆栈通过网络102相互交换网络包。
在传统的IP架构中，转发器是基于IP的转发器，其查看包的标题以确定包的源和目的地，并将包转发到目的地。堆栈执行TCP/UDP，应用通过套接字与堆栈交互。相反，本发明的装置104不使用传统的“堆栈”。而是，装置104通过应用110可以请求与端口120对应的端口API实例，端口120对应于传输框架130。类似地，装置108通过应用150可以请求与端口160对应的端口API实例，端口160对应于传输框架170。应用110和150可以产生检索或创建分别与端口120和160关联的端口API实例的请求。替代性地，与装置104或装置108关联的根用户可以创建相应的端口实例，如在美国专利申请号14/746,490中描述的。应用110和150可以驻存在不同装置上(如图1所示)或相同装置上(图1中未显示)。
装置104可以包括耦连到网络102的任何计算装置，诸如智能手机104.1，平板电脑104.2和/或服务器或个人计算机104.m。特别地，装置104可以包括通过端口120与传输框架130通信的应用110。传输框架130可以包括堆栈组件134.1-134.n。装置104还可以包括转发器140(例如局域网中的网络接口卡或路由器)，其可以在传输框架130的堆栈(和各个堆栈组件)和网络102之间传输包。类似地，装置108可以包括耦连到网络102的任何计算装置，诸如服务器或终端主机装置。装置108可以包括通过端口160与传输框架170通信的应用150。传输框架170可以包括堆栈组件174.1-174.p。装置108还可以包括转发器180，其可以在传输框架170的堆栈(和各个堆栈组件)和网络102之间传输包。转发器140和180还可以促进包相应地直接在各个堆栈组件134.1-134.n和174.1-174.p之间传输。
图2A图解说明根据本发明的实施例的示例性传输框架。应用210和250可以驻存在相同的装置上或者通过网络202通信的不同装置上。应用210可以使用API 212，214和216通过网络202通信，API 212-216可以通过端口220与传输框架230交互。传输框架230可以包括一个或多个传输堆栈，每个传输堆栈包括多个堆栈组件或通信模块。在图2A中，传输框架230描绘了包括堆栈组件232-238的一个传输堆栈(例如传输堆栈231)。API适配器232可以在API和特定的传输堆栈和传输框架230之间通信。流量控制器234可以形成和管理通信量、为兴趣设计管线并发送兴趣，预订内容对象。验证器/签名器236可以对指定网络元件为目的地的内容对象编码和签名，解码并验证指定关联应用为目的地的内容对象，编码指定网络元件为目的地的兴趣和解码指定关联应用为目的地的兴趣。转发器/适配器238可以与转发器240通信。转发器240可以通过网络202与其它转发器通信。其它堆栈组件(未显示)可以包括与安全(例如加密、解密、认证、数据签名、签名验证、信任评估和过滤)、数据处理(例如编码、解码、封装、解封装、转码、压缩、提取和解压缩)和存储(例如数据存储、从存储装置检索数据、删除重复、分割和版本化)相关的功能。
类似地，应用250可以使用API 252，254和256来通过网络202通信，API 252-256可以通过端口260与传输框架270交互。传输框架270可以包括一个或多个传输堆栈，每个传输堆栈包括多个堆栈组件或通信模块。在图2A中，传输框架270描绘了一个传输堆栈(例如传输堆栈271)，其包括以下堆栈组件：API适配器272、流量控制器274、验证器/签名器276和转发器/适配器278，转发器/适配器278可以与转发器280通信。转发器240可以通过网络202与转发器280通信。
系统(通过来自应用或根用户操作或运行时执行的请求)可以创建与每个CCN传输堆栈关联的端口API实例。一旦创建端口API实例，应用或任何个别的堆栈组件可以直接向同一或另一堆栈的任何其它个别的组件发送消息，如美国专利申请号14/746,490中描述的。例如，应用210可以请求与传输堆栈231关联的端口API实例，传输堆栈231包括组件232-238。通过使用命名方案(例如在创建或检索端口API实例时获得的唯一名称或标识符)，应用210或传输堆栈231的任何组件可以直接向堆栈231或堆栈271的任何其它组件发送命令消息。与应用210和250类似，传输堆栈231和271可以驻存在相同装置上或通过网络202通信的不同装置上。此外，应用210和250可以通过过程间通信(IPC)协议290通信。
图2B图解说明堆栈的组件和与同一堆栈关联的应用之间的传统的示例性通信。验证器/签名器236可以通过例如API 214向应用210发出“通知”消息。在传统的分层协议堆栈中，验证器/签名器236创建具有名称的兴趣，兴趣向下行进通过堆栈组件，直到到达转发器240(流291a)，这确定通过API 214的应用210是兴趣的目标实体。转发器240向应用210发送兴趣，兴趣往回行进逐层向上通过堆栈组件，直到到达应用210(流291b)。一旦接收兴趣，应用210响应于兴趣生成内容对象或相似响应(诸如ACK或NACK)，将响应往回沿堆栈向下发送逐层通过堆栈组件，直到到达转发器240(流291c)。转发器240接收响应，确定指定验证器/签名器236为目的地，并通过将响应往回沿堆栈向上发送通过堆栈组件，直到到达验证器/签名器236，将响应转发到验证器/签名器236(流291d)。通知消息在此堆栈中的传统流动依靠转发器适当地将通知消息经由关联API路由到应用。
图2C图解说明根据本发明的实施例堆栈的组件和与同一堆栈关联的应用之间的示例性通信。在单个堆栈内行进的消息可以称作“堆栈内消息”。操作中，验证器/签名器236可以生成事件或通知命令消息(具有名称和有效载荷，名称遵循唯一命令方案，有效载荷携带相关命令或消息)。例如，消息的名称可以基于API实例的唯一标识符：
lci：/API_name＝“API 214Instance” (1)
验证器/签名器236可以通过消息传送系统将消息向上传播到应用210(流292a)，消息传送系统动态地将命令消息分配或路由到指定实体。消息传送系统在下文参照图3描述。应用210响应于消息生成响应或内容对象，将响应发送回验证器/签名器236(流292b)。因此，如图2C所示，本发明的传输框架不只依赖转发器适当地将消息从个别堆栈组件经由关联API路由到应用。
图2D图解说明根据本发明的实施例堆栈的组件和与同一堆栈关联的应用之间的示例性通信。操作中，应用210可以发出请求对内容对象验证的控制命令消息。应用210可以基于专门标识验证器/签名器236的唯一名称创建指定验证器/签名器236为目的地的命令消息。例如，消息的名称可以是：
lci：/stack_name＝“Portal 220Stack”/component_name＝“Verifier/Signer
236”/command＝“VERIFY_CONT_OBJ” (2)
应用210可以通过消息传送系统将消息向下传播(流293a)到验证器/签名器236，如在下文参照图3描述的。验证器/签名器236接收消息，执行所请求的动作(例如验证内容对象)并将响应(例如成功验证)发送回应用210(流293b)。类似于图2B描绘的通信，图2C所示的通信不只依赖转发器来适当地将命令消息从应用路由到各个堆栈组件。
堆栈的各个组件可以基于唯一命名方案和本文中描述的消息传送方案，将消息发送到另一堆栈的组件。在两个不同堆栈之间传送的消息可以被称作“堆栈间消息”。不同堆栈可以驻存在相同装置或不同装置上。注意，这些堆栈间消息的流动方向既不是固定的，也不是相关的，原因是高级API实例和低级转发器都能够在任一方向上(例如如参照图2E在下文描述的通过转发器，如参照图2F在下文描述的通过应用)将堆栈间消息路由到指定实体。
图2E图解说明根据本发明的实施例不同堆栈的组件之间的示例性通信。操作中，传输堆栈231的验证器/签名器236可以向传输堆栈271的流量控制器274发送命令消息。消息可以行进通过与相应的传输堆栈关联的转发器(例如转发器240和280)。验证器/签名器236生成消息，并将消息经由传输框架230的消息传送系统(“第一消息传送系统”)向下传播到转发器240(流294a)。消息包括唯一地标识目标实体(例如流量控制器274)的名称，消息还可以包括命令(例如关闭流量控制器274)。例如，消息的名称可以是：
lci：/stack_name＝“Portal 260Stack”/component_name＝“Flow Controller
274”/command＝“TURN_OFF” (3)
一旦接收消息，转发器240将消息通过网络202发送到转发器280(流294b)。转发器280接收消息，确定消息指定流量控制器274为目的地，将消息经由传输框架270的消息传送系统(“第二消息传送系统”)向上传播到流量控制器274(流294c)。流量控制器274接收消息，生成响应，将响应经由第二消息传送系统发送回转发器280(流294d)。一旦接收应用，转发器280将响应发送回转发器240(还是通过网络202)(流294e)。最后，转发器240接收响应，并将响应经由第一消息传送系统路由到验证器/签名器236(流294f)。
图2F图解说明根据本发明的实施例不同堆栈的组件之间的示例性通信。操作中，传输堆栈231的验证器/签名器236可以向传输堆栈271的流量控制器274发送命令消息。消息可以行进通过与相应的传输堆栈关联的应用和API。验证器/签名器236生成事件或命令消息，事件或命令消息经由第一消息传送系统向上传播到应用210(流295a)。与图2E中描绘的通信类似，消息包括唯一地标识目标实体的名称，还可以包括命令，如名称(3)中的。应用210通过IPC协议290向应用250发送消息(流295b)。一旦接收消息，应用250经由第二消息传送系统向流量控制器274发送消息(例如通过生成兴趣)(流295c)。一旦接收兴趣(在其有效载荷中包括关闭目的实体的命令)，流量控制器274将其关闭，生成响应(例如ACK)，将响应经由第二消息传送系统发送回应用250(流295d)。应用250通过IPC协议290将响应发送回应用210(流295e)，应用210经由第一消息传送系统将响应发送到验证器/签名器236(流295f)。
图3图解说明根据本发明的实施例包括消息传送系统的示例性传输框架。应用310可以使用API 312、314和316通过网络302通信，API 312-316可以通过端口320与传输堆栈交互，传输堆栈可以包括以下堆栈组件：API适配器332；流量控制器334；验证器/签名器336；和可以与转发器340通信的转发器/适配器338。传输框架可以包括消息传送系统350，其动态地将消息分配或路由到目标实体。消息传送系统350可以包括单线程，其从与每个堆栈组件关联的队列中检索值(例如命令)，并执行调度操作以处理与每个队列关联的命令。每个堆栈组件可以与多个队列关联。例如，API适配器332可以与向下的输入队列352、向上的输入队列354、向下的输出队列356和向上的输出队列358关联。在一些实施例中，消息传送系统350可以包括基于一对名称和值的数据结构，其中，名称是各个堆栈组件的名称，值是与各个堆栈组件关联的每个队列的内容。
通过消息传送系统和与堆栈组件关联的队列的消息流的示例参照图2C-2F描述。与图2C对应，验证器/签名器236可以将通知命令消息插入到其向上的输出队列中，使消息传送系统(例如单线程)检索并将消息向上传播到API。与图2D对应，应用210可以将控制命令消息插入到API适配器232的向下的输入队列中(如通过图3的队列352显示的)。与图2E对应，验证器/签名器236可以将命令消息插入到其向下的输出队列中(实现流294a)，转发器280可以将命令消息插入到转发器/适配器278的向上的输入队列中(实现流294c)，流量控制器274可以将命令消息插入到其向下的输出队列中(实现流294d)，转发器240可以将命令消息插入到转发器/适配器238的向上的输入队列中(实现流294f)。与图2F对应，验证器/签名器236可以将命令消息插入到其向上的输出队列中(实现流295a)，应用250可以将命令消息插入到API适配器272的向下的输入队列中(实现流295c)，流量控制器274可以将命令消息插入到其向上的输出队列中(实现流295d)，应用210可以将命令消息插入到API适配器232的向下的输入队列中(实现流295f)。
图4A呈现流程图400，流程图400图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的方法。操作中，系统通过通信模块的堆栈的组件为目标实体生成第一命令消息，其中，第一命令消息包括对目标实体唯一的名称(操作402)。堆栈并不需要相应的通信模块来只与其上或其下的层通信。堆栈组件通过将第一命令消息插入到与组件对应的队列中，将第一命令消息发送到目标实体(操作404)。系统确定目标实体(判断406)。如果系统确定目标实体是堆栈的另一组件、另一堆栈的组件、与另一堆栈关联的API或与另一堆栈关联的转发器(操作408)，则系统为组件设置向上或向下的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列(操作410)。如果系统确定目标实体是与堆栈关联的API(操作412)，则系统为组件设置向上的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列(操作414)。如果系统确定目标实体是与堆栈关联的转发器(操作416)，则系统为组件设置向下的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列(操作418)。随后，堆栈组件通过消息传送系统将第一命令消息发送到目标实体(操作420)。
图4B呈现流程图450，流程图450图解说明根据本发明的实施例用于促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的方法。操作中，系统通过通信模块的堆栈的组件从发送实体接收第二命令消息，其中，第二命令消息包括对组件唯一的名称(操作452)。堆栈组件通过与发送实体关联的向上或向下的输入队列从发送实体接收第二命令消息(操作454)。当队列与在实体和另一堆栈组件之间的通信中起作用的堆栈组件对应时，队列可以与实体关联。例如，与图2D对应，验证器/签名器236(例如堆栈组件)通过API适配器232的向下的输入队列(例如与发送实体关联的队列)从应用210(例如发送实体)接收命令消息。在与图2E对应的另一示例中，流量控制器274(例如堆栈组件)通过转发器/适配器278的向上的输入队列(例如与发送实体关联的队列)从转发器280(例如发送实体)接收命令消息。随后，堆栈组件通过消息传送系统从发送实体接收第二命令消息(操作456)。
图5图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的示例性设备500。设备500可以包括可以通过有线或无线通信信道彼此通信的多个模块。设备500可以使用一个或多个集成电路实现，可以包括比图5中所示的更多和更少的模块。而且，设备500可以集成到计算机系统中，或者实现为能够与其它计算机系统和/或装置通信的单独的装置。具体地，设备500可以包括通信模块502、消息生成模块504、消息传送模块506、队列确定模块508和实体确定模块510。
在一些实施例中，通信模块502可以向计算机网络诸如内容中心网络上的其它网络节点发送数据包和/或从其接收数据包。消息生成模块504可以为目标实体生成第一命令消息。消息传送模块506可以通过将第一命令消息插入到与组件对应的队列中来向目标实体发送第一命令消息，并且还可以通过消息传送系统向目标实体发送第一命令消息。通信模块502还可以通过与发送实体对应的队列从发送实体接收第二命令消息，并且还可以通过消息传送系统从发送实体接收第二命令消息。
实体确定模块510可以确定目标实体是堆栈的另一组件、另一堆栈的组件、与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例、与另一堆栈关联的转发器、与对应于堆栈的应用关联的API实例或与堆栈关联的转发器。响应于确定目标实体是堆栈的另一组件、另一堆栈的组件、与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例、或与另一堆栈关联的转发器，队列确定模块508可以为组件设置向上或向下的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列。响应于确定目标实体是与对应于堆栈的应用关联的API实例，队列确定模块508可以为组件设置向上的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列。响应于确定目标实体是与堆栈关联的转发器，队列确定模块508可以为组件设置向下的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列。
图6图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信的示例性计算机系统602。计算机系统602包括处理器604、存储器606和存储装置608。存储器606可以包括充当管理存储器的易失性存储器(例如RAM)，并且可以用来存储一个或多个内存池。而且，计算机系统602可以耦连到显示装置610、键盘612和定位装置614。存储装置608可以存储操作系统616、传输系统618和数据632。
传输系统618可以包括指令，这些指令在由计算机系统602或处理器604执行时，可以使计算机系统602或处理器604执行本申请中描述的方法和/或过程。具体地，传输系统618可以包括用于向计算机网络诸如内容中心网络上的其它网络节点发送数据包和/或从其接收数据包的指令(通信模块620)。传输系统618还可以包括用于为目标实体生成第一命令消息的指令(消息生成模块622)。传输系统618可以包括用于通过将第一命令消息插入到与组件对应的队列中以向目标实体发送第一命令消息，以及通过消息传送系统将第一命令消息发送到目标实体的指令(消息传送模块624)。传输系统618可以包括用于通过与发送实体对应的队列从发送实体接收第二命令消息，用于通过消息传送系统从发送实体接收第二命令消息的指令(通信模块620)。
而且，传输系统618可以包括用于确定目标实体是堆栈的另一组件、另一堆栈的组件、与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例、与另一堆栈关联的转发器、与对应于堆栈的应用关联的API实例或与堆栈关联的转发器的指令(实体确定模块626)。传输系统618还可以包括用于响应于确定目标实体是堆栈的另一组件、另一堆栈的组件、与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例或与另一堆栈关联的转发器，为组件设置向上或向下的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列的指令(队列确定模块628)。传输系统618还可以包括用于响应于确定目标实体是与对应于堆栈的应用关联的API实例，为组件设置向上的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列的指令(队列确定模块628)。传输系统还可以包括用于响应于确定目标实体是与堆栈关联的转发器，为组件设置向下的输出队列作为与组件对应的队列的指令(队列确定模块628)。
数据632可以包括通过本申请中描述的方法和/或过程作为输入请求的或作为输出生成的任何数据。具体地，数据632可以存储至少：用于目标实体的第一命令消息，其中，第一命令消息包括对目标实体唯一的名称；来自发送实体的第二命令消息，其中，第二命令包括对组件唯一的名称；与事件、命令、通知、控制消息、兴趣或内容对象对应的数据包；传输框架；协议或传输堆栈；传输或协议堆栈的一个或多个组件；与传输或协议堆栈关联的端口或端口API实例；和与传输或协议堆栈关联的转发器。
在此详细描述中描述的数据结构和代码通常存储于计算机可读存储介质上，计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储代码和/或数据以由计算机系统使用的任何装置或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁和光存储装置(诸如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用盘或数字视频盘))或能够存储现在已知或以后开发的计算机可读介质的其它介质。
在详细描述部分描述的方法和过程可以体现为代码和/或数据，这些代码和/或数据可以存储在如上文描述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读、执行计算机可读存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储于计算机可读存储介质中的方法和过程。
而且，上面描述的方法和过程可以包括于硬件模块中。例如，硬件模块可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、现在已知或以后开发的其它可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块被激活时，硬件模块执行硬件模块中包括的方法和过程。

Claims (10)

1.一种方法，包括：
通过通信模块的堆栈的组件，为目标实体生成第一命令消息，所述第一命令消息包括对所述目标实体唯一的名称，其中，所述堆栈不需要相应的通信模块来只与其上或其下的层通信；
通过将所述第一命令消息插入到与所述组件对应的队列中，将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体；以及
通过与发送实体对应的队列从所述发送实体接收第二命令消息，所述第二命令消息包括对所述组件唯一的名称，
从而促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述目标实体和所述发送实体是以下的一个或多个：
所述堆栈的另一组件；
另一堆栈的组件；
与对应于所述堆栈的应用关联的API实例；
与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例；
与所述堆栈关联的转发器；以及
与另一堆栈关联的转发器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，发送所述第一命令消息还包括：
通过消息传送系统将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
响应于确定所述目标实体是所述堆栈的另一组件，另一堆栈的组件，与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例，或与另一堆栈关联的转发器，为所述组件设置向上或向下的输出队列作为对应于所述组件的队列；
响应于确定所述目标实体是与对应于所述堆栈的应用关联的API实例，为所述组件设置向上的输出队列作为与所述组件对应的队列；以及
响应于确定所述目标实体是与所述堆栈关联的转发器，为所述组件设置向下的输出队列作为与所述组件对应的队列。
5.一种存储指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述指令在由计算机执行时引起所述计算机执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
通过通信模块的堆栈的组件，为目标实体生成第一命令消息，所述第一命令消息包括对所述目标实体唯一的名称，其中，所述堆栈不需要相应的通信模块来只与其上或其下的层通信；
通过将所述第一命令消息插入到与所述组件对应的队列中，将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体；以及
通过与发送实体对应的队列从所述发送实体接收第二命令消息，所述第二命令消息包括对所述组件唯一的名称，
从而促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信。
6.根据权利要求5所述的存储介质，其中，所述目标实体和所述发送实体是以下的一个或多个：
所述堆栈的另一组件；
另一堆栈的组件；
与对应于所述堆栈的应用关联的API实例；
与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例；
与所述堆栈关联的转发器；以及
与另一堆栈关联的转发器。
7.根据权利要求5所述的存储介质，其中，发送所述第一命令消息还包括：
通过消息传送系统将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体。
8.一种促进包的转发的计算机系统，所述系统包括：
处理器；以及
存储指令的存储装置，所述指令在由所述处理器执行时，引起所述处理器执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
通过通信模块的堆栈的组件，为目标实体生成第一命令消息，所述第一命令消息包括对所述目标实体唯一的名称，其中，所述堆栈不需要相应的通信模块来只与其上或其下的层通信；
通过将所述第一命令消息插入到与所述组件对应的队列中，将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体；以及
通过与发送实体对应的队列从所述发送实体接收第二命令消息，所述第二命令消息包括对所述组件唯一的名称，
从而促进命令消息以与层无关的方式通信。
9.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，所述目标实体和所述发送实体是以下的一个或多个：
所述堆栈的另一组件；
另一堆栈的组件；
与对应于所述堆栈的应用关联的API实例；
与对应于另一堆栈的应用关联的API实例；
与所述堆栈关联的转发器；以及
与另一堆栈关联的转发器。
10.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，发送所述第一命令消息还包括：
通过消息传送系统将所述第一命令消息发送到所述目标实体。
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