CN106289995A - A kind of rock type materials true triaxial test system - Google Patents
A kind of rock type materials true triaxial test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106289995A CN106289995A CN201610897762.5A CN201610897762A CN106289995A CN 106289995 A CN106289995 A CN 106289995A CN 201610897762 A CN201610897762 A CN 201610897762A CN 106289995 A CN106289995 A CN 106289995A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
Abstract
A kind of rock type materials true triaxial test system, including loading frame and three axle clamp boxes, X is installed to cart type charger, Y-direction separate type charger and Z-direction only hair style charger on loading frame, each charger has static pressure and loads cylinder and disturbance and load cylinder, and respectively in around, between the upper and lower every layout；Three axle clamp boxes include box body and for carrying out the next Z-direction load bar loaded, upper Z-direction load bar, two X respectively with the six of cube rock sample end contacts to load bar and two Y-direction load bars, and the next Z-direction load bar, upper Z-direction load bar, two X are mounted on acoustic emission sensor and deformation-sensor on load bar and two Y-direction load bars.Rock type materials true triaxial test system can realize three mutually perpendicular direction static pressure and allos disturbance independently adds off-load, have sample install light, load and the advantage such as bearing parameter precise synchronization, sample mutagenic processes characterization parameter be various.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical test technical field, be specifically related to a kind of rock type materials true triaxial test system.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of national economy, the industry such as mining, building, building, water conservancy is burnt the wind, the most also face
Face the lot of challenges such as deep-well mining, large-scale slope treatment, deep tunnel excavates, high-rise building batholith is stable.Particularly exist
Deep heavily stressed hard rock ore body mining Practice occurring in that, some unconventional have a strong impact on engineering construction and resource high-efficiency back production
Disasters, such as rock burst, subregion rupture, plate splits.Relative to superficial part, deep resource is exploited outstanding feature and is ground
Already at high stress environment before lower Mining in Rock Mass is dynamic, by unloading, loading and add unloading compound action in mining active process, should
Power path is extremely complex.Research in recent years finds, above-mentioned disaster and the heavily stressed hard rock in deep are in excavation off-load and exploitation disturbance
Energy in lower rock mass shifts and discharges closely related.Still further aspect, although unconventional the rupturing of deep rock mass is heavily stressed
Energy storage catastrophe dynamic release under energetic disturbance, but be also simultaneously high-energy rock mass from rupture process, as long as finding suitable
When induction disruption method, it is possible to be the effectively broken of rock mass by this catastrophic failure mutation of deep rock mass, thus
Without the safety and high efficiency realizing deep-seated deposit in the case of explosive or few explosive.
It is true that subterranean body is in the three-dimensional ground stress field mainly formed by tectonic stress and weight stress before excavation
In, and it is in homeostasis, when rock mass being excavated or exploiting, protolith initial in-site stress field occurs discontinuous lacking
Fall into district, thus destroy the integrity of protolith and stress field thereof, be formed about stress raisers and Stress Release at defect area,
Produce higher stress gradient, make excavation rock mass be in the precarious position of instability, when by exploitation disturbance within rock mass
Energy storage will be dissipated for certainly rupturing, if the most unnecessary energy will shift with the form of mechanical energy and release, formation microseism,
, even there is the dynamic disasters such as rock burst in roof fall, wall caving.Therefore, the stress field produced with Rock Mass Unloading and exploitation disturbance
Dynamic restructuring and energy variation are the intrinsic factor of rock masses fracturing or destruction, and its process depends primarily on protolith initial field stress ring
Border and digging process.The three-dimensional pressurized rock mass being in initial field stress environment, in excavation or exploitation, the stress in its country rock
Unloading will certainly be produced, load and add the complicated STRESS VARIATION paths such as unloading combination, simultaneously also can be follow-up by this rock mass
Excavation or the energetic disturbance of neighbouring rock excavation, therefore its stressing conditions is complicated.Thus in the stress of lab simulation rock complexity
Process, carry out rock type materials ess-strain under true triaxial adds off-load and energetic disturbance, rupture, destroy, acoustic emission etc.
Attribute testing, study of rocks mutation response characteristic under true triaxial complicated stress environment, to understand Geotechnical Engineering disaster formation,
Propose and improve Geotechnical Engineering disaster prevention and control technical system has important theory and using value.
At present, can carry out rock type materials true triaxial and add the device of unloading test and be mainly rock triaxial test machine, it can
The independent stress path realizing three directions of rock adds off-load, it is possible to simulation local sillar mechanical process in digging process.
But existing rock true triaxial test machine exists rock three axle clamp tool heaviness, rock triaxial strain and rupture process is difficult to online reality
Time monitoring, be difficult to realize simultaneously the independent many stress paths of three axles add off-load and energetic disturbance compound action, can imposed load the highest,
It is difficult to simulate the deficiencies such as deep rock mass high-stress state.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the deficiency overcoming prior art to exist, it is provided that one can realize three mutually
Vertical direction independently adds off-load, sample install light, load and bearing parameter precise synchronization, sample mutagenic processes characterization parameter are many
The rock type materials true triaxial test system of sample.
For solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of rock type materials true triaxial test system, including loading frame and three axle clamp boxes, described loading frame is installed
There is X to cart type charger, Y-direction separate type charger and Z-direction only hair style charger；
To cart type charger, described X includes that X loads cylinder and translating base to plummer, X to static pressure, translating base is with can be along X-axis
The mode of direction translation is installed on loading frame, and described X loads cylinder to plummer and X to static pressure and is spaced peace in the X-axis direction
It is contained on translating base；
Described Y-direction separate type charger includes that the Y-direction plummer being arranged on loading frame and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder, and Y-direction is held
Microscope carrier is slidedly arranged on loading frame along Y direction, and Y-direction plummer is provided with the hydraulic cylinder for driving Y-direction plummer to slide,
Described hydraulic cylinder loads cylinder by fluid pressure line with Y-direction static pressure and is connected, and hydraulic cylinder and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder by same hydraulic oil
Source drives and realizes synchronizing in opposite directions or opposing motion, and described Y-direction plummer and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder and be spaced cloth in the Y-axis direction
Put；
Described Z-direction only hair style charger includes that the Z-direction plummer being arranged on loading frame and Z-direction static pressure load cylinder, described Z
Load cylinder to plummer and Z-direction static pressure and be spaced layout in the Z-axis direction；
Described three axle clamp boxes include box body and load for six end contacts with cube rock sample respectively
The next Z-direction load bar, upper Z-direction load bar, two X to load bar and two Y-direction load bars, described box body is placed on described
On Z-direction plummer, two X are slidedly arranged on box body along X-direction to load bar, and described X loads cylinder to plummer and X to static pressure and exists
Lay respectively at the both sides of box body in X-direction and two X can be ordered about to load bar slip to load, two Y-direction load bars
Being slidedly arranged on box body along Y direction, described Y-direction plummer and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder and lay respectively at the two of box body in the Y-axis direction
Side also can be ordered about two Y-direction load bars and slides to load, the next Z-direction load bar be arranged on box body and with cube rock
Sample lower surface in the Z-axis direction offsets, and upper Z-direction load bar is placed in the Z-axis direction upper of cube rock sample
On end face and cylinder can be loaded by Z-direction static pressure and order about and load；
Described X loads cylinder to static pressure, Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder and Z-direction static pressure and loads cylinder and be mounted on static pressure displacement transducer and quiet
Compressive load sensor, described the next Z-direction load bar, upper Z-direction load bar, two X are equal on load bar and two Y-direction load bars
Acoustic emission sensor and deformation-sensor are installed.
Above-mentioned rock type materials true triaxial test system, it is preferred that described X be provided with in plummer for X to
Load bar contact applies the X of disturbing load and loads cylinder to disturbance, is provided with for connecing with Y-direction load bar in described Y-direction plummer
Contact application adds the Y-direction disturbance of disturbing load and loads cylinder, is provided with for applying to disturb to the next Z-direction load bar in described Z-direction plummer
The Z-direction disturbance of dynamic loading loads cylinder；Described X loads cylinder to disturbance, Y-direction disturbance loads cylinder and Z-direction disturbance loads cylinder and is mounted on
Disturbing potential displacement sensor and disturbing load sensor.
Above-mentioned rock type materials true triaxial test system, it is preferred that described X loads cylinder to static pressure, Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder
Loading cylinder with Z-direction static pressure and be connected to an independent static motorized fluid servo system, described static motorized fluid servo system includes quiet
Pressure oil pump, static pressure fuel tank and static motorized hydraulic servo, described static pressure oil pump is added with corresponding static pressure by static motorized hydraulic servo
Load cylinder is connected；Described X loads cylinder to disturbance, Y-direction disturbance loads cylinder and Z-direction disturbance loads cylinder and is connected to an independent disturbance
Electrohydraulic servo system, described disturbance electrohydraulic servo system includes disturbance oil pump, disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve and disturbance fuel tank, described in disturb
Dynamic oil pump loads cylinder by disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve with corresponding disturbance and is connected.
Above-mentioned rock type materials true triaxial test system, it is preferred that described rock type materials true triaxial test system is also
Including TT&C system, described TT&C system includes that, equipped with the computer controlling software, described computer controls box with each by KZQ
Sensor is connected with electrohydraulic servo valve.
Above-mentioned rock type materials true triaxial test system, it is preferred that described box body is that one end has the most hexahedro of opening
Body box, described box body includes base plate and four blocks of side plates, and four blocks of side plates are connected to the surrounding of base plate respectively by the first securing member
Edge, is connected by the second securing member between adjacent side plates.
Above-mentioned rock type materials true triaxial test system, it is preferred that described translating base includes two pedestals and connection
Many push-and-pull rods between two pedestals, described X loads cylinder to static pressure be respectively arranged on two pedestals to plummer, X,
Being provided with the walking guide rail arranged along X-direction on described loading frame, each pedestal is provided with and coordinates with described walking guide rail
Walking directive wheel.
Above-mentioned rock type materials true triaxial test system, it is preferred that be also equipped with for driving on described loading frame
The hydraulic thrust pull bar that translating base moves, the drive end of described hydraulic thrust pull bar removably connects with translating base.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that: the rock type materials true triaxial test system of the present invention can be real
Existing three mutually perpendicular directions independently add off-load, can simulate deep rock mass high-stress state；Use this rock type materials true triaxial
Pilot system carry out rock type materials add unloading test have sample install light, load and bearing parameter precise synchronization, sample
The advantages such as mutagenic processes characterization parameter is various.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the decomposition principle schematic diagram of rock type materials true triaxial test system.
Fig. 2 is that X is arranged on loading to cart type charger, Y-direction separate type charger and Z-direction only hair style charger
Structural representation on framework.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of three axle clamp boxes.
Marginal data:
1, loading frame；11, walking guide rail；2, three axle clamp box；21, box body；211, base plate；212, side plate；213, first is tight
Firmware；214, the second securing member；22, the next Z-direction load bar；23, upper Z-direction load bar；24, X is to load bar；25, Y-direction loads
Bar；3, X is to cart type charger；31, X is to plummer；32, X loads cylinder to static pressure；33, translating base；34, X loads to disturbance
Cylinder；4, Y-direction separate type charger；41, Y-direction plummer；42, Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder；43, hydraulic cylinder；44, Y-direction disturbance loads
Cylinder；5, Z-direction only hair style charger；51, Z-direction plummer；52, Z-direction static pressure loads cylinder；53, Z-direction disturbance loads cylinder；6, static pressure
Electrohydraulic servo system；61, static pressure oil pump；62, static pressure fuel tank；63, static motorized hydraulic servo；7, disturbance electrohydraulic servo system；71、
Disturbance oil pump；72, disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve；73, disturbance fuel tank；8, TT&C system；81, computer；82, KZQ controls box；9, liquid
Pressure push-pull bar；100, cube rock sample；201, static pressure displacement transducer；202, static pressure load transducer；203, acoustic emission
Sensor；204, deformation-sensor；205, disturbing potential displacement sensor；206, disturbing load sensor.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the rock type materials true triaxial test system of the present embodiment, including loading frame 1 and three axles
Clamp box 2, loading frame 1 is provided with X and loads to cart type charger 3, Y-direction separate type charger 4 and the only hair style of Z-direction
Device 5；
To cart type charger 3, X includes that X loads cylinder 32 and translating base 33 to plummer 31, X to static pressure, translating base 33 is with can
Mode along X-direction translation is installed on loading frame 1, and X loads cylinder 32 in the X-axis direction to plummer 31 and X to static pressure
Time interval is arranged on translating base 33, loads the protruding of expansion link on cylinder 32, translation along with X to static pressure in loading procedure
Seat 33 opposite directions move rock sample X both ends of the surface imposed load forwards, backwards, the actually internal force of translating base 33 are converted into X to rock
Sample load；
Y-direction separate type charger 4 includes that the Y-direction plummer 41 being arranged on loading frame 1 and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder 42, Y-direction
Plummer 41 and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder 42 the most between left and right every layout；
Z-direction only hair style charger 5 includes that the Z-direction plummer 51 being arranged on loading frame 1 and Z-direction static pressure load cylinder 52, Z-direction
Plummer 51 and Z-direction static pressure load cylinder 52 the most between the upper and lower in layout, loading procedure, it is only necessary to Z-direction static pressure loads
Protruding can the realization of expansion link on cylinder 51 loads, and the active force that Z-direction another side is given by fixing Z-direction plummer 52 is real
Now load；
Three axle clamp boxes 2 include box body 21 and add for six end contacts with cube rock sample 100 respectively
The next Z-direction load bar 22 of load, 23, two X of upper Z-direction load bar are to load bar 24 and two Y-direction load bars 25, and box body 21 is put
Putting on Z-direction plummer 51, two X are slidedly arranged on box body 21 along X-direction to load bar 24, and each X can pass through to load bar 24
Sliding and fit or away from cube rock sample 100, X loads cylinder 32 to plummer 31 and X to static pressure and distinguishes in the X-axis direction
Being positioned at the both sides of box body 21 and can order about two X and slide to load to load bar 24, the hydraulic pressure that X loads cylinder 32 to static pressure is stretched
Contracting bar action, can coordinate to plummer 31 with X and Tong Bu X is applied to sample on two end faces of X-direction to load.Two
Y-direction load bar 25 is slidedly arranged on box body 21 along Y direction, and each Y-direction load bar 25 can be fitted by slip or away from cube
Rock sample 100, Y-direction plummer 41 and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder 42 and lay respectively at the both sides of box body 21 in the Y-axis direction and can drive
Making two Y-direction load bars 25 slide to load, Y-direction static pressure loads the hydraulically extensible bar action of cylinder 42, can be with Y-direction plummer
Y-direction load is synchronized to be applied to sample on two end faces of Y direction by 41 cooperations.The next Z-direction load bar 22 is arranged on box body
Offseting on 21 and with cube rock sample 100 lower surface in the Z-axis direction, upper Z-direction load bar 23 is placed on cube
On rock sample 100 upper surface in the Z-axis direction and can be loaded cylinder 52 by Z-direction static pressure and order about and load, Z-direction static pressure loads
The hydraulically extensible bar action of cylinder 52, can coordinate with Z-direction plummer 51 and Tong Bu Z-direction load is applied to sample in the two of Z-direction
On individual end face；
X loads cylinder 32 to static pressure, Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder 42 and Z-direction static pressure loads cylinder 52 and is mounted on static pressure displacement transducer 201
With static pressure load transducer 202, the next Z-direction load bar 22,23, two X of upper Z-direction load bar are to load bar 24 and two Y-directions
Acoustic emission sensor 203 and deformation-sensor 204 it is mounted on load bar 25.
The rock type materials true triaxial test system of the present embodiment, is added to cart type charger 3, Y-direction separate type by X
Carry put 4 and Z-direction only hair style charger 5 may be implemented in three mutually orthogonal directions and cube rock sample 100 carried out
Load, each static pressure can be monitored in real time by static pressure displacement transducer 201 and static pressure load transducer 202 and load displacement and the load of cylinder
Lotus, can detect sample characteristics of Acoustic Emission in loading process in real time by acoustic emission sensor 203, and then can monitor in real time
Specimen broke process, and according to the level of breakage of the acoustic emission data quantitative sample monitored and the rupture location of location sample,
The deformation of sample can be monitored in real time by deformation-sensor 204；Meanwhile, translating base 33 is can pacify in the way of X-direction translation
It is loaded on loading frame 1, is changed the position of translating base 33 by translation, namely change X loads cylinder to plummer 31 and X to static pressure
The position of 32, on the one hand, remove translating base 33 by translation and can provide installation exercise space when installing sample, pacify at sample
The X that after installing into, the position of adjustable translating base 33 is sample again is to loading offer action space, on the other hand, at X to go-cart
Formula charger 3 carries out in the loading procedure of X-direction, and translating base 33 can move freely realization certainly under the counteracting force of sample
Dynamic adjustment position, can quickly realize synchronizing to load to two end faces in sample X-direction.
In the present embodiment, Y-direction plummer 41 is slidedly arranged on loading frame 1 along Y direction, loading frame 1 be provided with for
Drive the hydraulic cylinder 43 that Y-direction plummer 41 slides.Hydraulic cylinder 43 can order about Y-direction plummer 41 and adjust position in the Y-axis direction, can
Control hydraulic cylinder 43 simultaneously and Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder 42, it is achieved synchronize to load to two end faces in sample Y direction.Preferably
, hydraulic cylinder 43 loads cylinder 42 by fluid pressure line with Y-direction static pressure and is connected, and hydraulic cylinder 43 and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder 42 by same
Hydraulic oil source drives and realizes synchronizing in opposite directions or opposing motion, it is ensured that synchronize to load to sample both ends of the surface in the Y-axis direction, and
It is easy to control.
In the present embodiment, the next Z-direction load bar 22 is arranged on box body 21 along Z-direction, and the next Z-direction load bar 22
Two ends contact with cube rock sample 100 and Z-direction plummer 51 respectively.
X is provided with in plummer 31 and loads cylinder for the X contacting applying disturbing load to load bar 24 with X to disturbance
34, it is provided with in Y-direction plummer 41 for contacting the Y-direction disturbance loading cylinder 44 applying disturbing load, Z-direction with Y-direction load bar 25
It is provided with in plummer 51 for contacting the Z-direction disturbance loading cylinder 53 applying disturbing load with the next Z-direction load bar 22；X is to disturbing
Dynamic cylinder 34, Y-direction disturbance loading cylinder 44 and the Z-direction disturbance loading cylinder 53 of loading is mounted on disturbing potential displacement sensor 205 and disturbance load
Lotus sensor 206, to realize loading each disturbance cylinder displacement and the monitoring of load parameter, thus applies three to sample and mutually hangs down
Nogata allos upwards, variable cross-section, various disturbance.
When X applies X to disturbing load to disturbance loading cylinder 34, X loads the cylinder 32 carrying as disturbing load to static pressure
Platform, X loads the hydraulically extensible bar action of cylinder 34 to disturbance, synchronizes to be applied to the sample two ends in X-direction by disturbing load
Face；When Y-direction disturbance loading cylinder 44 applies Y-direction disturbing load, Y-direction static pressure loads the cylinder 42 plummer as disturbing load, Y-direction
Disturbance loads the hydraulically extensible bar action of cylinder 44, synchronizes to be applied to the sample two end faces in Y direction by disturbing load；At Z
When disturbance loading cylinder 53 applies Z-direction disturbing load, Z-direction static pressure loads the cylinder 52 plummer as disturbing load, and Z-direction disturbance adds
Carry the hydraulically extensible bar action of cylinder 53, synchronize to be applied to the sample two end faces in Z-direction by disturbing load.
In the present embodiment, X loads cylinder 32 to static pressure, Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder 42 and Z-direction static pressure loads cylinder 52 and is connected to
One independent static motorized fluid servo system 6, it is achieved to cube rock sample 100 in tri-mutually orthogonal directions of X, Y, Z
Carrying out independent accurately loading, static motorized fluid servo system 6 includes static pressure oil pump 61, static pressure fuel tank 62 and static motorized hydraulic servo
63, static pressure oil pump 61 loads cylinder by static motorized hydraulic servo 63 with corresponding static pressure and is connected；X loads cylinder 34 to disturbance, Y-direction is disturbed
Dynamic load cylinder 44 and Z-direction disturbance loads cylinder 53 and is connected to an independent disturbance electrohydraulic servo system 7, disturbance electro-hydraulic servo system
System 7 includes disturbance oil pump 71, disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve 72 and disturbance fuel tank 73, and disturbance oil pump 71 is by disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve 72
Load cylinder with corresponding disturbance to be connected.
In the present embodiment, rock type materials true triaxial test system also includes TT&C system 8, for Real-time Collection test is
System data also regulate and control pilot system, and TT&C system 8 includes the computer 81 controlling software equipped with KZQ, and computer 81 is controlled by KZQ
Box 82 processed is connected with each sensor and electrohydraulic servo valve, to gather the data message of each sensor detection and to control each electro-hydraulic servo
Valve events.Computer 81 can be by configuring, and feedback command input instruction and the sensor of experimental design returned is by comparing
Calculating is converted into control instruction and exports to each electrohydraulic servo system, and each electrohydraulic servo valve on electrohydraulic servo system is according to control
Instruction adjusts the open amount of valve, controls flow velocity and the flow of hydraulic oil, and in making each loading cylinder, hydraulically extensible bar carries out given stretching
Contracting, thus the experiment parameters such as the load of design, displacement are applied on sample by (unloading) lotus control parameter that adds of design.
In the present embodiment, box body 21 has the regular hexahedron box of opening for one end, and box body 21 includes base plate 211 and four pieces of sides
Plate 212, four blocks of side plates 212 are connected to the edge, surrounding of base plate 211 respectively by the first securing member 213, between adjacent side plates 212
It is connected by the second securing member 214.Above-mentioned first securing member 213 and the second securing member 214 use the screw of band turn-knob handle, the end
Plate 211 is flat board, ensure that three axle clamp box 2 levels when being placed on Z-direction plummer 51.The upper edge of each side plate 212
Offering U-shaped chute at (near the edge of opening side) point midway, two X are to load bar 24 and two Y-direction load bars 25
Correspondence is slidably installed in the U-shaped chute of four blocks of side plates 212 respectively.Offering through hole on base plate 211, the next Z-direction load bar 22 is installed
In this through hole.
In the present embodiment, translating base 33 includes two pedestals and four push-and-pull rods being connected between two pedestals,
Two pedestals are connected as an entirety by four push-and-pull rods, make the distance between two pedestals the most constant, and X is to plummer
31, X is respectively arranged on two pedestals to static pressure loading cylinder 32, loading frame 1 is provided with the walking arranged along X-direction and leads
Rail 11, each pedestal is provided with the walking directive wheel coordinated with guide rail 11 of walking, by walking directive wheel and the joining of guide rail 11 of walking
Close, can make translating base 33 as utility cart along the X of loading frame 1 to translation, and ensure the translating base 33 translation along X-direction
Precision, prevents translating base 33 from deviateing in X-direction.
In the present embodiment, loading frame 1 is also equipped with the hydraulic thrust pull bar 9 for driving translating base 33 to move, hydraulic pressure
The drive end of push-pull bar 9 removably connects with translating base 33.By hydraulic thrust pull bar 9 adjustable X to cart type charger 3
Position, when carrying out X-direction and loading, can make the drive end of hydraulic thrust pull bar 9 separate with translating base 33 dismounting easily and fast.
The rock type materials true triaxial test system of the present embodiment can use following work process:
A, be first turned on computer 81 and KZQ control box 82, then open KZQ control software, and with KZQ control box 82 be connected reality
Existing communication；
B, startup static pressure oil pump 61 and disturbance oil pump 71, then controlling software by KZQ will add in all directions in loading frame 1
Carry hydraulically extensible bar corresponding to cylinder and translating base 33 moves and is adjusted to suitable position, provide space for placing three axle clamp boxes 2；
C, three axle clamp boxes 2 are placed on Z-direction plummer 51, and make the next Z-direction load bar 22 on three axle clamp boxes 2, on
23, two X of Z-direction load bar are the most corresponding with the placing direction of two Y-direction load bars 25 along X, Y, Z tri-to load bar 24 in position
Loading direction；
D, upper Z-direction load bar 23 is removed, and by X to load bar 24 and Y-direction load bar 25 respectively along X, Y-direction is opposing moves apart one
Fixed distance forms cavity, in then cube rock sample 100 being placed into cavity and make cube rock sample 100 bottom surface
Center and the next Z-direction load bar 22 end face center alignment, the most relatively push away nearly X to load bar 24 and Y-direction load bar 25, make
Two X all fit tight, finally with the corresponding end-faces of cube rock sample 100 to load bar 24 and two Y-direction load bars 25
Upper Z-direction load bar 23 is placed into cube rock sample 100 end face and make upper Z-direction load bar 23 end face center with cube
Body rock sample 100 end face center alignment；
E, at the next Z-direction load bar 22,23, two X of upper Z-direction load bar on load bar 24 and two Y-direction load bars 25 point
Not An Zhuan deformation-sensor 204, and with KZQ control box 82 be connected to record sample Three-direction deformation, then X, Y, Z-direction load
It is respectively mounted acoustic emission sensor 203 on bar and connects the Acoustic Emission Characteristic for recording sample with KZQ control box 82；
F, controlled software by KZQ and move Z-direction static pressure and load the hydraulically extensible bar on cylinder 52 so that it is with upper Z-direction load bar 23
Contact, (unit interval moves certain displacement, is traditionally arranged to be 0.1-then to control the mobile control model of software by KZQ
0.2mm/min) or Z-direction is carried by load control model (unit interval applies certain load, is traditionally arranged to be 50-200N/s)
Lotus is applied to 10kN, reaches the purpose of fixing sample；
G, moved translating base 33 by hydraulic thrust pull bar 9 to appropriate location, then control software by KZQ and control to make X to static pressure
The hydraulically extensible bar that the hydraulically extensible bar loading cylinder 32 loads cylinder 42 with Y-direction static pressure contacts, subsequently with each self-corresponding load bar
Control the mobile control model (being traditionally arranged to be 0.1-0.2mm/min) of software by KZQ again or load control model is (general
It is set to 50-200N/s) X, Y-direction load are applied to 10kN, the most each hydraulically extensible bar, each load bar and the sample of correspondence
End face reaches the state fitted tightly；
H, control software movement control model (being traditionally arranged to be 0.1-1mm/min) or load control model (by KZQ
As be set to 1000-2000N/s) X, Y, Z-direction load are applied separately to experimental design value, it is also possible to different displacement controls is set
System or load control speed to study the loading velocity impact on sample mechanical characteristic；
If I experiment exam is the loading procedure mechanical characteristic of sample, then apply by the three directional loads size and constituting of design
Load is to setting value or until sample destroys, by load transducer, displacement transducer, deformation-sensor 204 and acoustic emission
Sensor 203 record the deformation in sample loading procedure, intensity, rupture, the mechanical characteristic such as destruction；If experiment exam is examination
The Unloading Mechanics characteristic of sample, first three directional loads size and composition imposed load by design are to setting value, then utilize position
Move and control or load is gradually unloaded by mobile control model, and by the deformation in above-mentioned means record sample unloading process,
Intensity, rupture, the mechanical characteristic such as destruction；If experiment exam be sample add unloading process mechanical characteristic, as long as then by upper
State loading procedure and unloading process combines；If experiment exam be sample disturbance load mechanical characteristic, the most first by setting
The three-dimensional static pressure magnitude of load of meter and composition imposed load are to setting value, the most again by disturbance parameter (disturbance amplitude 0-of design
500kN, forcing frequency 0-50Hz, disturbance time etc.) and disturbance form (random waveform, sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, oblique wave,
Pulse etc.) to sample apply disturbing load, and by the deformation during above-mentioned means record sample energetic disturbance, intensity, break
Split, the mechanical characteristic such as destruction；
After J, sample experiment process complete, control software by KZQ and the hydraulically extensible bar in all directions is moved apart each self-corresponding
Load bar, to position corresponding to step B, then removes upper Z-direction load bar 23, the most opposing moves apart two X to load bar 24 He
Two Y-direction load bars 25, the fragment formed after taking out sample or sample destruction, and clear up three axle clamp boxes 2, and check three
Axle clamp box 2 and acoustic emission sensor thereon 203 and deformation-sensor 204；
K, repetition step D-J carry out the experiment of next sample；
After L, whole experiment or phase experiments terminate, by each member reset in pilot system, it is then shut off static pressure oil pump 61
With disturbance oil pump 71, close KZQ and control software, turn off KZQ and control box 82, main frame 81 of finally shutting down computer.
The rock type materials true triaxial test system of the present invention has the advantage that
1, sample is installed light
Pilot system passes through three axle clamp boxes 2 by load accurate transfer given for each charger to sample, on three axle clamp boxes 2
Three couples totally six load bars cross a square cavity for placing sample, as long as will around two when placing sample
Load bar is drawn respectively and moves back fraction of displacement, form the space more slightly larger than sample, in sample is placed into this space and by sample
The upper end center alignment of the next Z-direction load bar 22 in bottom center and three axle clamp boxes 2, around then advancing
Two pairs of load bars make it be close to two pairs of end faces around sample respectively, finally upper Z-direction load bar 23 are placed into sample top
On face, and making the lower end surface center alignment at sample end face center and upper Z-direction load bar 23, so far sample installation process is complete
Becoming, this installation process is easy and simple to handle, installation steps are few, and need not repeat to carry three axle clamp boxes 2 when placing sample, the most not
Need significantly to move load bar, therefore install that sample is light, quick by three axle clamp boxes 2, be prone to be accurately positioned sample.
2, can ensure to load and the precise synchronization of bearing parameter
Pilot system can carry out independent loads to sample in tri-mutually orthogonal directions of X, Y, Z respectively；It is built-in with Z-direction to disturb
The dynamic Z-direction plummer 51 of cylinder 53 that loads is in fixed form, and the hydraulically extensible bar action that Z-direction static pressure loads cylinder 52 is same by Z-direction load
Step is applied to the Z-direction both ends of the surface of sample, and Z-direction static pressure loads the cylinder 52 carrying as disturbing load when applying disturbing load
Platform, Z-direction disturbance loads the hydraulically extensible bar action of cylinder 53 and Z-direction disturbing load synchronizes to be applied to the Z-direction both ends of the surface of sample, in advance
Z-direction load is applied to certain value thus relies on upper and lower end face frictional force to fix sample, it is to avoid synchronize to execute in adjustment X, Y-direction load
Sample is promoted to cause a deviation from center during adding；X is applied by translating base 33 to load, applies X flat when load
The hydraulic thrust pull bar 9 moving its walking of seat 33 and push-and-pull departs from, and translating base 33 can load cylinder 32 hydraulically extensible bar at X to static pressure and make
Move under the counteracting force of load in sample front end face, so that the X that X is on plummer 31, three axle clamp box 2 is to adding
Carry bar 24, sample rear portion end face three realizes contacting successively, thus quickly realizes synchronizing to be applied to sample to static pressure load by X
X, to both ends of the surface, applies X X when disturbing load in addition and loads the cylinder 32 plummer as disturbing load to static pressure, and X adds to disturbance
Disturbing load is synchronized to be applied to the X of sample to both ends of the surface by the hydraulically extensible bar action carrying cylinder 34；Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder 42 and Y
Connect to the hydraulic cylinder 43 of plummer 41, it is possible to ensure that the hydraulically extensible bar of Y-direction static pressure loading cylinder 42 is synchronize with Y-direction plummer 41
Mobile, thus the synchronization realizing Y-direction static pressure load applies, during this external applying Y-direction disturbing load, Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder 42 conduct
The plummer of disturbing load, Y-direction disturbance loads the hydraulically extensible bar action of cylinder 44 and disturbing load synchronizes to be applied to the Y-direction of sample
Both ends of the surface；By above-mentioned load mode, it is ensured that three axles load and the precise synchronization of bearing parameter.
3, sample mutagenic processes characterization parameter is various
Pilot system can not only be applied to load and the displacement data of sample in real time during monitoring test, moreover it is possible to by deformation
The Three-direction deformation of sample monitored in real time by sensor 204, and monitors square sample in real time in stress by acoustic emission sensor 203
During characteristics of Acoustic Emission, and rupturing according to the level of breakage of the acoustic emission data quantitative sample monitored and location sample
Position, therefore this characterized systematically sample lures the parameter of process to have diversified advantage.
4, the independent many stress paths of three mutually perpendicular directions can be realized and add off-load and energetic disturbance combinatorial mutagenesis
Pilot system be integrated with on loading frame 1 three couple in tri-mutually perpendicular directions of X, Y, Z totally six load cylinder, every pair
Load cylinder and comprise a static pressure loading cylinder and disturbance loading cylinder, and lay respectively at the two ends of each loading direction；This system by by
The electrohydraulic servo system that computer 81 controls loads cylinder to six to carry out independently adding unloading control, and each static pressure loads cylinder by electricity
Hydraulic servo can realize various stress path and add off-load, and each disturbance loads cylinder by disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve 72 and disturbance oil pump
71 exportable have different disturbance amplitude, the random waveform of forcing frequency, sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, oblique wave, a pulse etc., right
Sample carries out allos, variable cross-section, various disturbance loading, and therefore this system can realize the independent many stress road of three mutually perpendicular directions
Footpath adds off-load and energetic disturbance combinatorial mutagenesis.
In sum, the present invention is that a kind of rock sample installs light, loading and bearing parameter precise synchronization, sample mutation
Process characterization parameter is various, independent many stress paths add off-load and energetic disturbance combinatorial mutagenesis can to realize three mutually perpendicular directions
Rock type materials true triaxial test system, with study the heavily stressed rock mass in deep complex stress environment, various power source disturbance,
And difference stress path adds the three-dimensional mechanical characteristic under Excavation.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-mentioned enforcement
Example.To those of ordinary skill in the art, the improvement obtained by under without departing from the technology of the present invention concept thereof and change
Change and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a rock type materials true triaxial test system, it is characterised in that: include loading frame (1) and three axle clamp boxes (2),
X is installed on described loading frame (1) add to cart type charger (3), Y-direction separate type charger (4) and the only hair style of Z-direction
Carry and put (5)；
To cart type charger (3), described X includes that X loads cylinder (32) and translating base (33) to plummer (31), X to static pressure,
Translating base (33) can be installed on loading frame (1) in the way of X-direction translation, described X to plummer (31) and X to quiet
Pressure loading cylinder (32) is spaced in the X-axis direction and is arranged on translating base (33)；
Described Y-direction separate type charger (4) includes that the Y-direction plummer (41) being arranged on loading frame (1) and Y-direction static pressure add
Carry cylinder (42), Y-direction plummer (41) is slidedly arranged on loading frame (1) along Y direction, Y-direction plummer (41) is provided with for
Driving the hydraulic cylinder (43) that Y-direction plummer (41) slides, described hydraulic cylinder (43) loads cylinder by fluid pressure line with Y-direction static pressure
(42) it is connected, and hydraulic cylinder (43) and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder (42) and driven realization to synchronize in opposite directions or phase by same hydraulic oil source
Unlucky dynamic, described Y-direction plummer (41) and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder (42) and are spaced layout in the Y-axis direction；
Described Z-direction only hair style charger (5) includes that the Z-direction plummer (51) being arranged on loading frame (1) and Z-direction static pressure add
Carry cylinder (52), described Z-direction plummer (51) and Z-direction static pressure loading cylinder (52) and be spaced layout in the Z-axis direction；
Described three axle clamp boxes (2) include box body (21) and for respectively with six end faces of cube rock sample (100)
The next Z-direction load bar (22) that contact carries out loading, upper Z-direction load bar (23), two X are to load bar (24) and two Y-directions
Load bar (25), described box body (21) is placed on described Z-direction plummer (51), and two X are sliding along X-direction to load bar (24)
Being located on box body (21), described X loads cylinder (32) to plummer (31) and X to static pressure and lays respectively at box body in the X-axis direction
(21) both sides also can be ordered about two X and slide to load to load bar (24), and two Y-direction load bars (25) are along Y direction
Being slidedly arranged on box body (21), described Y-direction plummer (41) and Y-direction static pressure load cylinder (42) and lay respectively at box body in the Y-axis direction
(21) both sides also can be ordered about two Y-direction load bars (25) and slide to load, and the next Z-direction load bar (22) is arranged on box body
(21) above and offseting with cube rock sample (100) lower surface in the Z-axis direction, upper Z-direction load bar (23) is placed on
On cube rock sample (100) upper surface in the Z-axis direction and cylinder (52) can be loaded by Z-direction static pressure and order about and load；
Described X loads cylinder (32) to static pressure, Y-direction static pressure loads cylinder (42) and Z-direction static pressure loads cylinder (52) and is mounted on static pressure position
Displacement sensor (201) and static pressure load transducer (202), described the next Z-direction load bar (22), upper Z-direction load bar (23), two
Root X is mounted on acoustic emission sensor (203) and deformation-sensor on load bar (24) and two Y-direction load bars (25)
(204).
Rock type materials true triaxial test system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described X is to plummer
(31) being provided with in and load cylinder (34) for the X contacting applying disturbing load to load bar (24) with X to disturbance, described Y-direction is held
It is provided with in microscope carrier (41) for contacting Y-direction disturbance loading cylinder (44) applying disturbing load, described Z with Y-direction load bar (25)
It is provided with in plummer (51) and loads cylinder (53) for the Z-direction disturbance that the next Z-direction load bar (22) is applied disturbing load；Institute
State X to disturbance load cylinder (34), Y-direction disturbance load cylinder (44) and Z-direction disturbance loading cylinder (53) be mounted on disturbance displacement sensing
Device (205) and disturbing load sensor (206).
Rock type materials true triaxial test system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described X loads to static pressure
Cylinder (32), Y-direction static pressure load cylinder (42) and Z-direction static pressure loads cylinder (52) and is connected to an independent static motorized fluid servo system
(6), described static motorized fluid servo system (6) includes static pressure oil pump (61), static pressure fuel tank (62) and static motorized hydraulic servo (63),
Described static pressure oil pump (61) loads cylinder by static motorized hydraulic servo (63) with corresponding static pressure and is connected；Described X loads to disturbance
Cylinder (34), Y-direction disturbance load cylinder (44) and Z-direction disturbance loads cylinder (53) and is connected to an independent disturbance electrohydraulic servo system
(7), described disturbance electrohydraulic servo system (7) includes disturbance oil pump (71), disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve (72) and disturbance fuel tank (73),
Described disturbance oil pump (71) loads cylinder by disturbance electrohydraulic servo valve (72) with corresponding disturbance and is connected.
Rock type materials true triaxial test system the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described rock type materials is true
Triaxial test system also includes that TT&C system (8), described TT&C system (8) include equipped with the computer (81) controlling software, institute
State computer (81) to be connected with each sensor and electrohydraulic servo valve by KZQ control box (82).
Rock type materials true triaxial test system the most according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: described
Box body (21) is the regular hexahedron box that one end has opening, and described box body (21) includes base plate (211) and four pieces of side plates (212),
Four pieces of side plates (212) are connected to the edge, surrounding of base plate (211) respectively by the first securing member (213), adjacent side plates (212) it
Between by the second securing member (214) be connected.
Rock type materials true triaxial test system the most according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: described
Translating base (33) includes two pedestals and the many push-and-pull rods being connected between two pedestals, described X to plummer (31),
X loads cylinder (32) to static pressure and is respectively arranged on two pedestals, described loading frame (1) is provided with along X-direction layout
Walking guide rail (11), each pedestal is provided with the walking directive wheel coordinated with described walking guide rail (11).
Rock type materials true triaxial test system the most according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: described
The hydraulic thrust pull bar (9) for driving translating base (33) movement, described hydraulic thrust pull bar (9) it is also equipped with on loading frame (1)
Drive end removably connect with translating base (33).
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