CN106283671B - 一种耐久型弹性复合材料 - Google Patents

一种耐久型弹性复合材料 Download PDF

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CN106283671B
CN106283671B CN201610627782.0A CN201610627782A CN106283671B CN 106283671 B CN106283671 B CN 106283671B CN 201610627782 A CN201610627782 A CN 201610627782A CN 106283671 B CN106283671 B CN 106283671B
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CN106283671A (zh
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耿云花
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Jiaxing Jiaruisi Jet Weaving Co ltd
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Jiaxing Jiaruisi Spray Weaving Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种使用寿命长、弹性均匀的弹性复合材料，为双层结构，一层为尼龙纤维制成的弹性材料带，另一层为纤维素纤维制成的材料带，两层之间通过高分子弹性层进行结合；对尼龙弹性材料带进行抗老化处理。

Description

一种耐久型弹性复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于弹性复合材料领域。
背景技术
2009年“Bedjump”，在网站上迅速跑火，中文译为“蹦床”或“跳床”。在全球各地拥有众多钟情于此项运动的爱好者。爱好者通常会选择弹性好的床，跃起，在空中做出各种动作。蹦床主要在着地脚架支撑的框架内设有一由多数弹簧所绷紧的织物，供使用者站立于弹跳面上不断的弹跳进行趣味性运动。现有技术中的蹦床存在以下 缺陷：1.蹦床的框架体积较大，因而当制造厂商制造出蹦床产品后，每一个已组装的蹦床均会有相当大的体积，不仅在厂内堆存成品会占用厂内的有限空间，外销时也会增加运输成本，再者，无论展售的商店或个人使用者，蹦床在不使用状态下均要占据相当大的室内空间。2.目前的蹦床采用弹簧作为其弹性力来源，为了安全起见，需要在弹簧上方铺设保护垫，避免意外发生。然这种保护垫需要增加蹦床的成本；增加了组装时间，同时，由于弹簧会产生弹性变形，原本未使用时保护垫是严实覆盖，但是经过弹簧的弹性变形后，保护垫 发生偏离，造成覆盖不均而使弹簧露出，从而可能会增大安全事故的发生率。3.又由于是采用弹簧作为弹性件，利用保护垫覆盖铺设，使蹦床的有效使用面积大大减少，弹簧的存在局限了蹦床的实际蹦跳空间。现有技术中有用弹性布替代弹簧的，但存在弹性布使用寿命短、布面弹性均匀性差等问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种耐久型弹性复合材料，其特征在于：复合材料为双层结构，其中一层为进行了抗老化整理的弹性材料带，整理过程包括：1）抗老化剂的制备；2）微胶囊及整理液的制备；3）用配好的整理液对尼龙弹性材料带进行抗老化整理。
弹性复合材料布为双层结构，一层为尼龙纤维制成的弹性材料带，另一层为纤维素纤维制成的材料带，两层之间通过高分子弹性层进行结合；每层都由经向弹性带和纬向弹性带组成，所述的经向弹性带和纬向弹性带之间的空隙为菱形；所述的空隙为10到25平方毫米；所述的经向弹性带之间的间距为2-5毫米；所述的纬向弹性带之间的间距为3-6毫米；所述的高分子弹性层采用的是高分子弹性材质，至少包括热塑性弹性体或热固性弹性体；其中热塑性弹性体包括热塑性塑料、聚胺酯、聚氯乙烯；热固性弹性体则包括硅胶。所述的尼龙弹性材料带经过了抗老化处理，处理步骤为：
1）抗老化剂的制备
在氮气保护下，将3、4-氯-2-甲基苯胺或2-萘胺或4-氨基-3，2-二甲基偶氮苯或2-氨基-4-硝基甲苯，加入到1.5~4 mol/L 的氢氧化钠的水与乙醇的混合溶液中，搅拌并分次加入还原剂氢化铝锂，于75~80℃下反应0.5~3h后冷却至室温，加入硫酸将pH值调节在5～6之间，抽滤，阴干，重结晶后再干燥，得到功能改性剂粗产物，然后将功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸加入反应容器中，加热至45~50℃反应1.5～2.0h后，过滤得到灰白色产物，经冷却抽滤，阴干，重结晶和干燥，得到抗老化剂；
2）抗老化微胶囊及抗老化剂整理液的制备
以去离子水为溶剂，把抗老化剂分散在溶剂中，搅拌温度为常温，控制搅拌过程中速率为500～1000r/min，搅拌分散时间为50～65min，使抗老化剂分子能够在水溶液中形成悬浮体系，然后再加入羟乙基纤维素进行溶解， 再进行高速搅拌分散，搅拌温度为35～40℃，搅拌速率为3400～3600r/min，搅拌时间为10～15min，然后再加入丁烷四羧酸进行壳聚糖交联，再在85～90℃条件下进行熟化10min，过滤得到粗改性胶囊，再在60℃进行真空干燥 24h后，得到含抗老化剂的改性胶囊；其芯层为抗老化剂，囊层为羟乙基纤维素材料，其中，囊层和芯层的厚度比为1∶18；将制成的抗老化剂微胶囊3-6%（owf），渗透剂JFC1-2g/l，pH值为7-7.5，配成抗老化剂整理液；
所述的水与乙醇的混合溶液中的水与乙醇的体积比为1∶2；所述的氢化铝锂与3、4-氯-2-甲基苯胺或2-萘胺或4-氨基-3，2-二甲基偶氮苯或2-氨基-4-硝基甲苯的摩尔比为2∶1.5； 所述的功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸的摩尔比2∶2.2∶1.1。
所述的抗老化剂添加量相对于水的质量分数为3.5-16％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素添加量相对于水的质量分数为2.0-8％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素的重均分子量为20000～25000，摩尔取代度为1.8～1.9。
所述的丁烷四羧酸相对于壳聚糖的质量分数为0.3％。
改性胶囊的直径为2～5μm，其有利于胶囊顺利通过纺丝孔，并且保证胶囊与纤维的结合牢固，还不能影响纤维的机械性能。
改性胶囊的囊/芯比一般大于等于1∶10，保证微胶囊具有一定的机械强度 和耐热性。
改性胶囊的作用在于，起到缓慢释放抗老化功能粒子的作用，有利于其 抗老化功效得以长久的保持。
3）用配好的整理液对尼龙弹性材料带进行抗老化整理。
将尼龙弹性材料带投入抗老化剂整理液中浸渍，其浴比为1:20-50,40~50℃下浸渍30-80分钟，水洗烘干；然后将经过抗老化剂整理的带与固着液按1:20-30的浴比浸入固着液中，常温下完全渗透后，两浸两轧，轧余率70-90%，于80℃烘干，100—140℃焙烘2-3分钟，经水洗、皂洗、晾干；所述固着液的组成包括乙二醛、氯化镁、酒石酸和水，浓度为40%乙二醛于每升水中含量为20-50g，氯化镁于每升水中含量为2-5g，酒石酸于每升水中含量为1-3g，于室温下搅拌均匀的混合液。
本发明中弹性复合材料布，相比于现有技术，具有如下的有益效果：
（1）采用双层弹性材料，通过高分子弹性层设于弹性布料之间所构成之复合式结构形态，且经过尼龙弹性层和纤维素材料层双层的配合，使本发明对照先前技术而言，能够同时具有不同程度的弹性伸缩力增强了弹性和耐久性以及透气性、弹性的均匀性；
（2）本发明所合成的抗老化剂具有优异的吸收活性自由基的抗老化性能，制备工艺简单，产率高，且易于分离，制备过程中所采用的原料以及溶剂绿色环保；采用具有反应端羟基官能团的抗老化剂，通过微胶囊的方法，与羟乙基纤维素进行包覆，既提高了抗老化剂的分散性和稳定性，同时也实现了有机老化剂在材料中的分散性，实现抗老化剂的均匀分散和低添加量高性能的目的；同时生成的抗老化剂分子中由于苯并三氮唑官能团具有优异的抗老化性能，尤其是由于辐射使材料产生活性自由基，在抗老化剂的作用下而使活性自由基失活，从而提高材料的耐老化性能；羟乙基纤维素壁材与基体材料的相容性较好，利于改性微胶囊材料尼龙材料中分散，对纺丝以及纤维力学性能影响少，在保证纤维性能的基础上，提高了材料的抗老化性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
先将尼龙弹性材料带经过了抗老化处理，处理步骤为：
1）抗老化剂的制备
在氮气保护下，将3、4-氯-2-甲基苯胺，加入到4 mol/L 的氢氧化钠的水与乙醇的混合溶液中，搅拌并分次加入还原剂氢化铝锂，于80℃下反应3h后冷却至室温，加入硫酸将pH值调节在6之间，抽滤，阴干，重结晶后再干燥，得到功能改性剂粗产物，然后将功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸加入反应容器中，加热至50℃反应1.5h后，过滤得到灰白色产物，经冷却抽滤，阴干，重结晶和干燥，得到抗老化剂；
2）抗老化微胶囊及抗老化剂整理液的制备
以去离子水为溶剂，把抗老化剂分散在溶剂中，搅拌温度为常温，控制搅拌过程中速率为1000r/min，搅拌分散时间为65min，使抗老化剂分子能够在水溶液中形成悬浮体系，然后再加入羟乙基纤维素进行溶解， 再进行高速搅拌分散，搅拌温度为40℃，搅拌速率为3600r/min，搅拌时间为15min，然后再加入丁烷四羧酸进行壳聚糖交联，再在85℃条件下进行熟化10min，过滤得到粗改性胶囊，再在60℃进行真空干燥 24h后，得到含抗老化剂的改性胶囊；其芯层为抗老化剂，囊层为羟乙基纤维素材料，其中，囊层和芯层的厚度比为1∶18；将制成的抗老化剂微胶囊3.6%（owf），渗透剂JFC1.2g/l，pH值为7，配成抗老化剂整理液；
所述的水与乙醇的混合溶液中的水与乙醇的体积比为1∶2；所述的氢化铝锂与3、4-氯-2-甲基苯胺的摩尔比为2∶1.5； 所述的功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸的摩尔比2∶2.2∶1.1。
所述的抗老化剂添加量相对于水的质量分数为8％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素添加量相对于水的质量分数为2. 8％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素的重均分子量为28000，摩尔取代度为1.8。
所述的丁烷四羧酸相对于壳聚糖的质量分数为0.3％。
改性胶囊的直径为4μm，其有利于胶囊顺利通过纺丝孔，并且保证胶 囊与纤维的结合牢固，还不能影响纤维的机械性能。
改性胶囊的囊/芯比一般大于等于1∶10，保证微胶囊具有一定的机械强度 和耐热性。
3）用配好的整理液对尼龙弹性材料带进行抗老化整理。
将尼龙弹性材料带投入抗老化剂整理液中浸渍，其浴比为1:25,44℃下浸渍46分钟，水洗烘干；然后将经过抗老化剂整理的带与固着液按1:25的浴比浸入固着液中，常温下完全渗透后，两浸两轧，轧余率89%，于80℃烘干，130℃焙烘3分钟，经水洗、皂洗、晾干；所述固着液的组成包括乙二醛、氯化镁、酒石酸和水，浓度为40%乙二醛于每升水中含量为26g，氯化镁于每升水中含量为2.5g，酒石酸于每升水中含量为1.3g，于室温下搅拌均匀的混合液。
将尼龙纤维制成的弹性材料带另一层为纤维素纤维制成的材料带，两层之间通过高分子弹性层进行结合；每层都由经向弹性带和纬向弹性带组成，所述的经向弹性带和纬向弹性带之间的空隙为菱形；所述的空隙为18平方毫米；所述的经向弹性带之间的间距为2.5毫米；所述的纬向弹性带之间的间距为3.6毫米；所述的高分子弹性层采用的是高分子弹性材质，包括聚氯乙烯。
将弹性蹦床布用于蹦床。
实施例2
先将尼龙弹性材料带经过了抗老化处理，处理步骤为：
1）抗老化剂的制备
在氮气保护下，将2-萘胺，加入到1.5mol/L 的氢氧化钠的水与乙醇的混合溶液中，搅拌并分次加入还原剂氢化铝锂，于80℃下反应3h后冷却至室温，加入硫酸将pH值调节在6之间，抽滤，阴干，重结晶后再干燥，得到功能改性剂粗产物，然后将功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸加入反应容器中，加热至50℃反应2.0h后，过滤得到灰白色产物，经冷却抽滤，阴干，重结晶和干燥，得到抗老化剂；
2）抗老化微胶囊及抗老化剂整理液的制备
以去离子水为溶剂，把抗老化剂分散在溶剂中，搅拌温度为常温，控制搅拌过程中速率为1000r/min，搅拌分散时间为50min，使抗老化剂分子能够在水溶液中形成悬浮体系，然后再加入羟乙基纤维素进行溶解， 再进行高速搅拌分散，搅拌温度为40℃，搅拌速率为3600r/min，搅拌时间为15min，然后再加入丁烷四羧酸进行壳聚糖交联，再在90℃条件下进行熟化10min，过滤得到粗改性胶囊，再在60℃进行真空干燥 24h后，得到含抗老化剂的改性胶囊；其芯层为抗老化剂，囊层为羟乙基纤维素材料，其中，囊层和芯层的厚度比为1∶18；将制成的抗老化剂微胶囊3%（owf），渗透剂JFC2g/l，pH值为7，配成抗老化剂整理液；
所述的水与乙醇的混合溶液中的水与乙醇的体积比为1∶2；所述的氢化铝锂与2-萘胺的摩尔比为2∶1.5； 所述的功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸的摩尔比2∶2.2∶1.1。
所述的抗老化剂添加量相对于水的质量分数为3.5％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素添加量相对于水的质量分数为2.0％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素的重均分子量为20000，摩尔取代度为1.8。
所述的丁烷四羧酸相对于壳聚糖的质量分数为0.3％。
改性胶囊的直径为2μm，其有利于胶囊顺利通过纺丝孔，并且保证胶 囊与纤维的结合牢固，还不能影响纤维的机械性能。
改性胶囊的囊/芯比一般大于等于1∶10，保证微胶囊具有一定的机械强度 和耐热性。
3）用配好的整理液对尼龙弹性材料带进行抗老化整理。
将尼龙弹性材料带投入抗老化剂整理液中浸渍，其浴比为1:20, 50℃下浸渍30分钟，水洗烘干；然后将经过抗老化剂整理的带与固着液按1:20的浴比浸入固着液中，常温下完全渗透后，两浸两轧，轧余率90%，于80℃烘干， 140℃焙烘2分钟，经水洗、皂洗、晾干；所述固着液的组成包括乙二醛、氯化镁、酒石酸和水，浓度为40%乙二醛于每升水中含量为50g，氯化镁于每升水中含量为5g，酒石酸于每升水中含量为3g，于室温下搅拌均匀的混合液。
将尼龙纤维制成的弹性材料带另一层为纤维素纤维制成的材料带，两层之间通过高分子弹性层进行结合；每层都由经向弹性带和纬向弹性带组成，所述的经向弹性带和纬向弹性带之间的空隙为菱形；所述的空隙为15平方毫米；所述的经向弹性带之间的间距为5毫米；所述的纬向弹性带之间的间距为4毫米；所述的高分子弹性层采用的是高分子弹性材质，包括硅胶。
将弹性蹦床布用于蹦床。
比较例1
将改性胶囊和聚丙烯粒子进行熔融纺丝，得到改性聚丙烯丝，然后再将改性聚丙烯丝编织成纱线，由纱线织成弹性蹦床布；
所述的改性聚丙烯丝中的改性胶囊的质量分数为2％。
改性胶囊的制备方法，其具体步骤为：
(a)对二羟基对苯酚基膦的制备
以苯基膦和多聚甲醛为原料，以水和异丙醇混合溶液为溶剂，在催化剂 作用下发生亲和加成反应，控制反应温度为35～50℃，反应时间为3～4h； 制备得到二羟甲基苯基膦，再在85～95℃，加入过氧化氢与浓硫酸的混合溶 液为强氧化剂，氧化作用45～60min，制备得到二羟甲基苯基氧化膦，将合成 的对二羟基苯基膦，溴水和铁粉加入反应容器中，加热至65～75℃反应0.5～ 1.75h后过滤得到暗红色产物，将其在常温下加入到0.2mol/L的氢氧化钾与乙 醇钾溶液中，完全溶解后于80～95℃反应1～3h，再将产物在蒸气浴中重结 晶，重复三次，得到白色的对二羟基对苯酚基膦；
所述的苯基膦与多聚甲醛的摩尔比为1∶2.1；
催化剂为五氧化二钒，所述的苯基膦与催化剂摩尔比值为1∶0.03；
所述的水和异丙醇的体积比为1∶0.75；
所述的多聚甲醛的质量分数为10％；
所述的强氧化剂与苯基膦的质量比值为1∶2.5；
所述的过氧化氢的质量分数为20％；
所述的过氧化氢与浓硫酸溶液中过氧化氢与浓硫酸体积比为1∶1；
所述的对二羟基苯基膦，溴水和铁粉的摩尔比1∶1.2∶0.01；
所述的氢氧化钾与乙醇钾的摩尔比为1∶2.5；
(b)邻硝基苯胺重氮盐的制备
将邻硝基苯胺于12mol/L的浓硝酸中强烈搅拌并快速冷却至0℃，1.5h后 加入4mol/L亚硝酸钾水溶液，于0～5℃下反应0.5～1.0h后过滤，得到邻硝 基苯胺重氮盐；
(c)偶氮化合物的制备
将步骤(a)制备的对二羟基对苯酚基膦加入至异丙醇和蒸馏水的混合溶 液中，保持溶液温度5～10℃，分次滴入步骤(b)制备的邻硝基苯胺重氮盐， 抽滤，水洗，干燥得偶氮化合物，其为深粉红色晶体；
所述的异丙醇和蒸馏水的混合溶液中的异丙醇与蒸馏水的体积比为 1∶0.75；
所述的对二羟基对苯酚基膦在异丙醇和蒸馏水的混合溶液的质量分数为 4％；
所述的对二羟基对苯酚基膦和邻硝基苯胺重氮盐的摩尔比为1∶1；
(d)抗老化剂的制备
在氮气保护下，将步骤(c)制备的偶氮化合物加入到3.0mol/L 的氢氧化钠的水与乙醇的混合溶液中，搅拌并分次加入还原剂氢化铝锂， 于60～65℃下反应2h后冷却至室温，加入硝酸pH调节在5～6之间，抽滤， 阴干，重结晶后再干燥，得到功能改性剂粗产物，然后将功能改性剂粗产物， 氢氟酸和浓硝酸加入反应容器中，加热至65～75℃反应0.5～1.0h后，过滤得 到灰白色产物，经冷却抽滤，阴干，重结晶和干燥，得到抗老化剂；
所述的水与乙醇的混合溶液中的水与乙醇的体积比为1∶1；
所述的氢化铝锂与偶氮化合物的摩尔比为1∶0.5；
所述的功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸的摩尔比1∶1.2∶0.01；
(e)改性胶囊的制备
以去离子水为溶剂，把抗老化剂分散在溶剂中，搅拌温度为常温，控制 搅拌过程中速率为800～1200r/min，搅拌分散时间为30～45min，使抗老化 剂分子能够在水溶液中形成悬浮体系，然后再加入羟乙基纤维素进行溶解， 再进行高速搅拌分散，搅拌温度为45～55℃，搅拌速率为2000～3300r/min， 搅拌时间为20～30min，然后再加入丁烷四羧酸进行壳聚糖交联，再在65～ 80℃条件下进行熟化30min，过滤得到粗改性胶囊，再在60℃进行真空干燥 24h后，得到含抗老化剂的改性胶囊；其芯层为抗老化剂，囊层为羟乙基纤维 素材料，其中，囊层和芯层的厚度比为1∶15。
所述的抗老化剂添加量相对于水的质量分数为3.5％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素添加量相对于水的质量分数为2.0％；
所述的羟乙基纤维素的重均分子量为20000～25000，摩尔取代度为1.8～ 1.9。
所述的丁烷四羧酸相对于壳聚糖的质量分数为0.3％。
改性胶囊的直径为2～5μm，其有利于胶囊顺利通过纺丝孔，并且保证胶 囊与纤维的结合牢固，还不能影响纤维的机械性能。
改性胶囊的囊/芯比一般大于等于1∶10，保证微胶囊具有一定的机械强度 和耐热性。
将弹性蹦床布用于蹦床。
比较例2
仅采用抗老化剂处理的尼龙弹性带，不含有纤维素纤维带层，即不采用复合结构层。其余步骤同实施例2。
以蹦床弹跳100、1000、10000次后，测量中心点凹陷情况，可以发现本申请实施例1-2明显弹性材料带变形要小，耐久性好。
表1
100次（mm） 1000次（mm） 10000次（mm）
实施例1 0 0 2.9
实施例2 0 0 3.9
比较例1 0 2 56
比较例2 0 4 79
对同一人在中心点、以及蹦床四周弹跳高度测量，发现弹跳高度差异平均值实施例1-2较小，说明本申请弹性带弹性均衡。
表2
高度差异平均值（%）
实施例1 2.4
实施例2 3.6
比较例1 6
比较例2 9.7

Claims (1)

1.一种耐久型弹性复合材料，其特征在于：弹性复合材料为双层结构，一层为尼龙纤维制成的弹性材料带，另一层为纤维素纤维制成的材料带，两层之间通过高分子弹性层进行结合；每层都由经向弹性带和纬向弹性带组成，所述的经向弹性带和纬向弹性带之间的空隙为菱形；所述的空隙为10到25平方毫米；所述的经向弹性带之间的间距为2-5毫米；所述的纬向弹性带之间的间距为3-6毫米；所述的高分子弹性层采用的是高分子弹性材质，至少包括热塑性弹性体或热固性弹性体；所述的尼龙纤维制成的弹性材料带经过了抗老化处理，处理步骤为：
1）抗老化剂的制备
在氮气保护下，将3-氯-2-甲基苯胺或4-氯-2-甲基苯胺或2-萘胺或4-氨基-3，2-二甲基偶氮苯或2-氨基-4-硝基甲苯，加入到1.5~4 mol/L 的氢氧化钠的水与乙醇的混合溶液中，搅拌并分次加入还原剂氢化铝锂（LiAlH4），于75~80℃下反应0.5~3h后冷却至室温，加入硫酸将pH值调节在5～6之间，抽滤，阴干，重结晶后再干燥，得到功能改性剂粗产物，然后将功能改性剂粗产物，氢氟酸和浓硝酸加入反应容器中，加热至45~50℃反应1.5～2.0h后，过滤得到灰白色产物，经冷却抽滤，阴干，重结晶和干燥，得到抗老化剂；
2）抗老化微胶囊及抗老化剂整理液的制备
以去离子水为溶剂，把抗老化剂分散在溶剂中，搅拌温度为常温，控制搅拌过程中速率为500～1000r/min，搅拌分散时间为50～65min，使抗老化剂分子能够在水溶液中形成悬浮体系，然后再加入羟乙基纤维素进行溶解，再进行高速搅拌分散，搅拌温度为35～40℃，搅拌速率为3400～3600r/min，搅拌时间为10～15min，然后再加入丁烷四羧酸与壳聚糖交联，再在85～90℃条件下进行熟化10min，过滤得到粗改性胶囊，再在60℃进行真空干燥 24h后，得到含抗老化剂的改性胶囊；其芯层为抗老化剂，囊层为羟乙基纤维素材料形成，其中，囊层和芯层的厚度比为1∶18；将制成的抗老化剂微胶囊3-6%（owf），渗透剂JFC1-2g/L ，pH值为7-7.5，配成抗老化剂整理液；
3）用配好的整理液对尼龙弹性材料带进行抗老化整理
将尼龙弹性材料带投入抗老化剂整理液中浸渍，其浴比为1:20-50,40~50℃下浸渍30-80分钟，水洗烘干；然后将经过抗老化剂整理的带与固着液按1:20-30的浴比浸入固着液中，常温下完全渗透后，两浸两轧，轧余率70-90%，于80℃烘干，100—140℃焙烘2-3分钟，经水洗、皂洗、晾干；所述固着液的组成包括乙二醛、氯化镁、酒石酸和水，浓度为40%乙二醛于每升水中含量为20-50g，氯化镁于每升水中含量为2-5g，酒石酸于每升水中含量为1-3g，于室温下搅拌均匀。
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