CN1062769A - Make the method and apparatus of metal-base composites - Google Patents
Make the method and apparatus of metal-base composites Download PDFInfo
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- CN1062769A CN1062769A CN91109009.6A CN91109009A CN1062769A CN 1062769 A CN1062769 A CN 1062769A CN 91109009 A CN91109009 A CN 91109009A CN 1062769 A CN1062769 A CN 1062769A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/06—Alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Make the method for matrix material, comprise an additive granules of wearing into powder is entrained in the ionized inert gas flow that ionization rare gas element, the heat that produces with ionization gas are heated to solid particulate and are lower than because fusing, distillation or decomposition make solid particulate become non-solid-state temperature.Then, described gas stream and the warmed-up solid particulate of being carried secretly are ejected in the molten metal, form the mixture of thin loose solid particulate and molten metal, this physical agitation in the mixture of molten metal and solid particulate, cause physical agitation that solid particulate is evenly distributed in the molten metal then, till will last till that the mixture of solid particulate molten metal solidifies fully.
Description
The present invention relates to field of metallurgy, more specifically relate to make the method for very fine grain casting matrix metal material of distributing, these particles can be that pottery, metal, alloy, intermetallic compound, carbide, nitride, boride and other can improve the material of matrix metal performance.
The novel material that aircraft, boats and ships, car industry and some other industrial expansions need have better processability energy and use properties.
Prior art is by the component of matrix metal and interpolation is fused into liquid state, can guarantee that various components melt fully and the temperature of mutual dissolved total system under carry out melting pan in next life and belong to structured material (alloy) (Fig. 2 a).
But when solidifying, along with the reduction of temperature, the solubleness of alloy compositions greatly reduces in the alloy liquid cooling.To a certain alloy system and component, under specified temp, from uniform alloy liquid, be settled out solid phase and grow up, these solid phases are the crystalline forms with alloy compositions, perhaps, more frequently with the sedimentary solid phase of crystalline form (Fig. 2 b, c) of the compound (intermetallic compound phase) of alloy compositions.When further cooling off, remaining alloy liquid is with alloy compositions form crystallization (Fig. 2 d) with sosoloid in matrix metal.Has the performance that the intermetallic compound different with performance with the lattice of body alloy (matrix) affects whole alloy system mutually consumingly.
The size of the intermetallic compound phase that is settled out in alloy crystalline process should not surpass 1 micron, otherwise has greatly damaged the quality of alloy owing to having reduced ductility and intensity.
Down metal and nonmetal dissolving in metallic matrix are extremely limited solid-state, and this theory of factor understands that the selection face of commercial alloy is very narrow, have reached the limit by changing over the performance reality of assigning to improve the commercial construction alloy.Developed a kind of novel structured material, contained therein and can make whole alloy system meet the requirements of the particle or the fiber of oxide compound, carbide and other compound of the artificial adding of performance.Because the component of these metal systems also is precipitated out from matrix metal unlike common alloy, but the artificially adds in the alloy system, so this material is called matrix material.Though also can generate this material naturally sometimes when molten alloy, all are known to have that to add particle and its performance and the visibly different alloy of matrix all be matrix material basically.
The metallic substance performance of synthetic or spontaneous matrix material representative is as follows:
The ductility of-material depends on the ability (the normally ability of the plastic flow of the sosoloid of component in matrix alloy) of the plastic flow of matrix and the size and the crystallographic system (crystalline structure) of the intermetallic compound in matrix and other inclusion;
The ability of-intensity, thermotolerance, fatigue strength and the expansion of cracking resistance line depends on the interaction of inclusion and matrix and the matrix lattice distortion under the inclusion effect.
The hardness of-material, wear resistance, rubbing characteristics depend on the character of inclusion;
The Young's modulus of-material, linear expansivity, proportion (density) depend on a series of performances of matrix and inclusion;
Therefore, has the predetermined new metallic material that has processing performance and use properties concurrently in order to develop, in theory can be by selecting the best composition of each metal system, just select its character and the matrix and the inclusion of the performance that can determine whole matrix material system of interacting reach.
The performance level of desired use properties of material and matrix (steel, aluminium, copper, magnesium, nickel etc.) is depended in the selection of the matrix of metal system.
The main difficulty of implementing the technology of manufacturing structure metallic substance be how can be in matrix Thermodynamically stable and heat-staple, have only the component of ultra-fine grain of several millimicrons to several microns compound to be ejected in the alloy structure.
In the production of spontaneous composite material (complex alloys just), the alloy liquid of the problems referred to above by quick cooling homogeneous makes to be precipitated out in the saturated solid solution of the alloy compositions of particle (intermetallic compound) from matrix metal and solves.Required cooling rate in fact only just can reach under the situation of more a spot of alloy liquid.In real low-priced, provide this quick cooling by at first making alloy liquid disperse in heat-eliminating medium, to cool off tiny alloy liquid droplet then with physical method.This just requires to adopt the operation of expensive drying, degasification and compacted granules (particulate) to make powder.Therefore produce the also use widely of technology of novel alloy at industrial employing granulation technique.
The difficulty that ultra-fine grain is introduced in the molten metal is two aspects.At first,, when being ejected in the molten metal, be difficult to metering, even may do not measure sometimes to them because ultra-fine grain (some thousandths of micron or littler size) lacks flowability.The second, because when contact with molten metal, particle surface adsorb oxygen, and wetting at the oxide compound obstruction particle of the matrix metal of particle surface and molten metal.This problem is outstanding especially when with oxygen metal (aluminium, the magnesium etc.) liquid of high avidity being arranged particle jetting.Above-mentioned factor also hampers by particle-nucleus being injected molten metal as the directly enforcement of the rotten technology of handling to alloy, obstruction is spurted into Powdered group of alloys and is assigned to make the molten metal alloying, and hampers in alloy production especially the application at the powdered solid fuel of the alloy production interalloy material (for example silicon) of aluminium-system on silicon.
A technology that is proposed and a most important character carrying out the device of this technology are to be ejected into the fine particle of filler (when producing matrix material) or constituent (when producing alloy) in the molten metal, form alloy structure according to the synoptic diagram of Fig. 3.
(Fig. 3 a) in the matrix of this constituent atoms not with desired filler particle jetting.As structural constituent (A
xB
y) and the dissolving of alloy compositions B in matrix A when reaching system balancing, particle in the adding matrix is distributed to the concentration of state of saturation under suitable temperature, and size reduces, and this method is fine control, and allows to produce the alloy with the limited predetermined composition of solubleness.
At " the solidifying of the metal-ceramic particulate composite of casting, structure and performance " (Rohatgi P.K, Asthana R., Das S.-Inst.Metal Rev ,-1986-vol 31, N3-pp15-139) set forth the key step of producing a method of casting composite material, having comprised:
-production matrix metal liquid;
-solid particulate is evenly distributed in the molten metal;
-make the crystallization of synthetic matrix material.
Ultra-fine grain is injected in the alloy liquid in the prior art with following method, as at " casting aluminium-graphite granule matrix material-a kind of potential engineering materials " (Rohatgi P.K., Das S.Dan T.K.-J.Inst.Eng.,-March, 1989-Vol 67, N2-pp77-83) illustrated method in comprises:
The particle of-mechanical stirring molten metal and adding;
-making the composite powder compacting of pulverous matrix metal and enhanced granule, then insert particulate material in the molten metal and carry out mechanical stirring; With
-make particles dispersed in molten metal with super acoustic emanation method.
The problem that when the matrix composite of production casting metal, runs into be enhanced mix lack wettability between material particle and the matrix metal liquid or wettability low, with owing to matrix with mix the big ununiformity that causes cast material of density difference between the material.
At " wettability of graphite and liquid aluminium and alloy element are to the influence of wettability " (Choh Takao, Kemmel Roland, Oki Takeo-Z.Metallklunde-1987-Vol 78 N4-pp286-290) discussed in to improve to strengthen and mixed some processing methodes of expecting the bonding strength between particle and the matrix metal, these methods are:
-the coating coated that metal is had avidity is mixed on the material particulate surface in enhancing;
-tensio-active agent is added in the matrix metal liquid;
-raising temperature of fusion.
Method (the Japanese patent application No. 56-141960 that also has a kind of known production matrix material, the applying date 1980,4,8 and open day of patent No. 55-45955: 1981,11,05) suggestion use with various metallic substance can fully compatible diameter be 150 microns natural hollow thin ball and Graphite Powder 99, TiB
2, aluminium nitride and aluminum oxide be as mixing material, adds 0.05～5.0%(weight again) flaky graphite and calcium metal in the molten metal to guarantee the homogeneity of material.
The shortcoming of this method is must be may be dissolved in the liquid matrix metal but in fact soluble in solid matrix, and can join in the molten metal with the element (calcium) that matrix forms a kind of brittle eutectic composition and go, this just causes the reduction of the mechanical property of matrix and matrix material itself.In addition, use the hollow thin ball conduct of above-mentioned size (150 microns) to mix the absolute value that material does not improve mechanical property, and some improvement can only be arranged the relative value of per unit mass.
Prior art related to the present invention (Met.Trans, 1978, V9, N3 pp383-388) is to use among fusion matrix metal-Mg, Al, Fe, Ni, Cr, the Co and adds the insoluble oxide particle (Al that is of a size of the 0.01-10 micron
2O
3, BeO, CaO, CeO
2, TiO
2, MgO, ThO
2, VO
2, ZrO
2) and carbide, boride and the nitride of Nb, Ta, Hf, Ti, Zr make matrix material.Particle adds with powder or fine-fibered shape.In order to guarantee that particle distributes equably in molten metal, (Ar He) spurts in the stream, simultaneously violent stirring matrix metal liquid giving the hot rare gas element of crossing with them.The scope of particulate volume percent is 0.5% to 20%.In addition, the surface-active element between a kind of interface that can improve particle-molten metal is joined in the molten metal.Injection surfactivity metal (Mg, Si, Ti, Zr, V Nb) guaranteed to form a kind of crust that can significantly improve the close metal of system's wettability on oxide compound, and segregation can not take place in 30 minute.
Above-mentioned method has following shortcoming:
1. owing to need spurt into the surfactivity metal, and this dvielement can cause the processing performance of resulting matrix material and mechanical property to reduce under many circumstances, and therefore the chemical ingredients of the matrix metal liquid that obtains is limited.
2. in process of setting, do not stir,, will impel to form segregation and layer-shaped area structure, therefore reduced the quality of the matrix material that obtains especially for the long situation of setting time;
3. the insolubility of enhanced granule has been got rid of and is adopted this method to produce to have the possibility of coming the various materials of enhanced matrix with the ultra-fine grain of those elements or its compound, and those elements are being the strengthening element that carries out that class material that heat-mechanical workout produces by matrix metal and alloy element cocrystallization subsequently traditionally.
The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of matrix material, and can be extensive use of ceramic particle, metal and comprise that intermetallic compound, graphite and the glass of carbide, nitride, boride, oxide compound etc. provide multiple matrix material by improve strengthening the homogeneity of mixing the material particles dispersed and the bonding strength of their matrix metals.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method of making matrix material, may further comprise the steps: in rare gas element, these particles can be pottery, metal, the intermetallic compound that comprises oxide compound, boride, carbide, nitride, graphite, glass the solid additive particle entrainment of claying into power; The ionization rare gas element with solid particulate is heated to be lower than because of fusing, distillation or decompose make particle become non-solid-state temperature, but be higher than half temperature of this particle fusing point; Ionized stream gas-entrained and that carried the solid particulate that has heated secretly is ejected in the molten metal, make molten metal keep fully stirring to impel simultaneously and keep adding particulate and disperse, in composite material solidification, make to keep in the molten metal that contains solid particulate stirring till solidifying fully.
Describe the present invention in detail below by accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1,4 and 5 illustrates the device of implementing various embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 and 3 is illustrated in and forms the metallurgical state that takes place in the alloy process.
In practice of the present invention, parent metal liquid can be aluminium, iron, copper, magnesium, nickel, cobalt and chromium. Suitable parent metal is the alloy (wherein they are main components) of above-mentioned metal, and is high to 40%(weight such as containing magnesium) aluminium alloy, steel, cast iron and malleable cast iron etc. Magnesium, copper, nickel, titanium and their alloy also are suitable as parent metal.
Strengthen mixing of usefulness and expect that particle is very thin, average-size is 1 to 100 micron. Particle can be the metal (adding in the aluminium such as silicon) that does not form compound with matrix; Intermetallic compound (such as TiAl3，ZrAl
3，FeAl
3，Fe
2Al
5，CrAl
7，CrAl
3，NiAl
3，Co
2Al
9，ScAl
3); Carbide (such as SiC, TiC, WC, NbC, Fe3C); Nitride is (such as ZrO2，Al
2O
3，TiO
2，B
2O
3) and other ceramic material (such as sapphire, glass, graphite and carbonitride). These materials can also be used in other granular materials commonly used in the metal dispersion-strengtherning, as long as can keep enough thermodynamic stabilities in each operation of this technology.
That uses in the present invention carries inert gas preferably argon or helium secretly, although other inert gas also can use. Inert gas is ionized, and the particle of carrying secretly is preheating to the high temperature that is lower than particles fuse, distillation or decomposition before in being ejected into molten metal in the inert gas of ionization; Just, in possible situation, be heated to and be approximately 0.9 fusing point, sublimation temperature or decomposition temperature. Under higher temperature, particle or can assemble and generate undesirable bulky grain in molten metal perhaps causes the composition of particulate component and requirement different. Perhaps make the big lossy of the amount of desired particle in molten metal. When the temperature of particle was lower than 0.5 fusing point (or sublimation temperature or decomposition temperature), the uniformity of the intensity of the composite products of then making, hardness, structural homogeneity, discrete particles and homogenieity did not all have to improve.
The temperature range of preheating particulate is determined with test, it is according to the activation that degree necessity and enough can be provided each alternate interaction exactly, thereby assurance makes the strong combination of maintenance between particle and the matrix metal by the oxygen of removing absorption in particulate ion etching in the matrix stream on molten metal surface and the fission process from the particulate surface.
The temperature range that concrete particulate material is suitable for can be found or is that ± 1 ℃ pyrometry device is determined with the precision of productions such as Agema company from the disclosed temperature data of handbook and so on.But it is normally more convenient to set up primary condition, especially when the particle that uses intermetallic compound and so on and when can not find disclosed data easily.For example, before making matrix material, the ionization of gas device that pre-heating stage is used is formulated a testing sequence, for concrete pack into a particle and a gas stream, the particulate residence time is increased to the temperature that can just observe particles fuse (distillation or decomposition) in ionized gas, reduce a little then with avoid the fusing, etc.The condition of these processes is exactly 0.9 temperature of fusion so.Half of residence time that fusing takes place at particle will be corresponding to 0.5 fusing point.Abide by the principle that the technician knows,, can similarly determine the empirical timed interval by adjustments of gas stream and particle loading capacity.
Following Table A has been listed the especially effectively particulate material that the present invention selects for use, has also listed adding particulate temperature range in the table, and has enumerated typical suitable matrix metal composition.
Table A
The temperature range matrix metal liquid that the particle particle size adds
(composition) (micron) (℃)
SiC 5-50 1100-2000 aluminium
Aluminium alloy
Al-4%Cu-1.5%Mg
-0.5%Mn
Iron
TiAl
31-10 670-1200 aluminium
Aluminium alloy
Al-4%Cu-1.5%Mg
TiB
25-10 1400-2500 aluminium, aluminum base alloy
Si
3N
41-5 950-1710 copper, nickel
Graphite 5-50 1800-3240 Al-12%Si
In the present invention, can add about 0.5%(weight) to 25%(weight) mix and expect in the matrix metal molten bath, add concrete particulate material and amount is determined according to technical known viewpoint, mechanical propertys such as hardness, intensity, ductility and elasticity are special to be improved or theirs comprehensive to reach.
Table B shows the raising situation of exemplary particles content and composition body material and mechanical property.
Table B
Particle add-on matrix metal augmented performance
(composition) (weight %) (composition)
1.sic 10 Al Rm＝200MPa，E＝120
(KN)/(MM
2) ，
(K
1)/(K
2) =9
2.ZrAl
3+Cr Al
31+1 Al
TiAl
315 Al
In the formula: Rm-instantaneous stretching intensity
The Ra-yielding stress
The E-Young's modulus
K-linear abrasion rate
The specific density of S-particle in matrix
1,2,3-is used in aluminum matrix composite, the index on aluminium and the Al-10%Ti
In practice of the present invention, the very important point is by just making matrix metal liquid be subjected to physical agitation (for example, making it to stand the successive whipping force) from the beginning that adds solid particulate, last till that always solidifying of casting and casting metal finished till.Beginning, matrix metal liquid is in the physical agitation, and just in crucible type container, whipping force is added in the matrix metal molten bath by the magnetic devices that the non-interference that those skilled in the art are known contacts.In this stage of this technology, the mechanical stirring of also available known type paddle.Stirring extent should be enough strong, for example should observe the continuous turn in molten bath, disperses with the uniform particles ground that guarantees to add, and can take out sample and carry out this mensuration in certain time interval.When containing the particulate matrix metal and be ready to be used for pouring into a mould, material directly pours in the suitable mold, and make the melting material in the mold keep physical agitation, be preferably vibration, outside at mold applies ultrasonic vibration, keeps the metal of vibration in mold to solidify fully like this in molten metal.Applying ultrasonic energy provides physical agitation should have enough intensity to remain on the homogeneity that has reached in the crucible, but should not cause molten metal that obvious visible motion is arranged.
In practice of the present invention, entrained solids particulate ionization inert gas flow is ejected into the degree of depth that makes solid particulate can enter in the molten bath in the matrix metal molten bath and is at least 5cm, for example about 10% pool depth.
Change to 0% at liquid phase volume from 100%, continuously stirring is a prerequisite of the present invention in the process of just solidifying fully, thus guarantee in above steps strongthener in matrix uniform distribution and improve the wettability of particle-melt interface.Any stage shortage in the liquid-solid attitude of making matrix material stirs the surface contact that all will cause weakening between matrix metal and the particle, and forms the ununiformity of undesirable laminate structure, segregation and chemistry and tissue.
The thermodynamic stability of enhanced granule in the matrix melt suppressing the formation of the compound of the chemical action of they and matrix metal and undesirable non-controlling dimension and shape, so just having guaranteed that (opposite with prior art) makes by the melting matrix metal contains ultra-fine grain enhanced alloy, carry out common crystallization and thermal treatment then, thereby produce " compound between metal-metal (metal) " matrix material of the strengthening phase that contains predetermined content, predetermined size and shape.
Referring to Fig. 1, the crucible of making aptly with graphite (10), include the matrix metal for example molten bath of aluminium (1), this metal pool (1) is stirred by a common magnetic inductor (4) and makes molten bath (1) that physical agitation take place, and preferably turn is (as shown in Figure 1 consumingly in the molten bath.Crucible (10) is provided with a protective cover (15), inserts the ionization chamber (2) of an elongation in lid.Rare gas element for example argon is controllably sent into the ionization chamber (2) from pipeline (8), and gas is according to known technology ionization and produce plasma arc, reaches 8000 ℃ to 20000 ℃ high temperature in ionization chamber (2).The material that mixes of claying into power is contained in the hopper (3) that has the measuring apparatus (not shown), measuring apparatus is used for measuring by charging tube (16) the mixing in the ionization chamber (2) of packing into expects that particle is heated to the temperature that is lower than the particle fusing point rapidly, for example be heated to the particle fusing point 0.5 to 0.9 between temperature.By the method for spraying rare gas element and they are penetrated into below the metal pool surface particle that is entrained in the known heat in the ionized rare gas element (25) and activated is imported in the metal pool (1).The activated solid is dispersed in the molten bath successive physical agitation in metal pool that is caused by Magnetic Induction device (4) with mixing the material uniform particles heating also.Measure the temperature of metal pool with for example thermopair (not shown), undesirable temperature of mixing material particles fuse or decomposition can occur to guarantee that temperature is lower than.By the sample analysis of taking out is at certain time intervals determined to mix the material dispersed uniform from the molten bath.When the solid of predetermined amount mixes the material particle and has all joined in the metal pool, open stopper (5) in crucible (10) bottom, make the molten metal that contains solid additive particle (0) pour into mold (6) for example in the punching block, molten metal solidifies in mold (6), is wrapped in homodisperse solid and mixes the material particle.In order to guarantee in process of setting, solid mixes the material particle and can keep being evenly dispersed in the metal liquid phase, on mold (6), load onto a ultrasonic transmitters (7), make molten metal generation physical agitation in the mold with ultrasonic energy vibration, till all liquid phase transition become solid phase.
Fig. 4 (A) illustrates crucible shown in Figure 1 one conduit (20) is housed, and is used for reagent is infeeded in the ionization chamber (2 '), can deeper penetrate into additive in the metal pool by high speed ionized gas (25).Fig. 4 (B) illustrates the crucible of Fig. 4 (A), but sends into ionized gas and additive in the bottom of crucible.Rare gas element forms bubble (30), these bubbles weld pool surface by with the contacted ultrasonic transmitters in metal pool top (12) fragmentation and dispersion.
Fig. 5 shows the crucible of Fig. 4 (B), but different with Fig. 4 (B) be that the ejiction opening disalignment of wherein ultrasonic transmitters (12) and ionized gas (25) is provided with so that make the particle that contains bubble (30) that the spiral motion that makes progress can be arranged.
Example:
In order to test method of the present invention, used not alloyed metal (AM) aluminium and cast iron, and the aluminum base alloy (being also referred to as the D16 alloy) that contains 4%Cu, 1.5%Mg, 0.5%Mn.These materials are used separately as the matrix metal liquid material of making various matrix materials.Employed initial strongthener is a silicon carbide of doing the 5-50 micron of powdered, the titanium aluminide TiAl of 1-10 micron
3And the titanium valve of 10-100 micron.
The test of making matrix material is to carry out in experimental installation as shown in Figure 1.Crucible is made by graphite, matrix metal liquid (1) wherein is housed, the ionization argon gas stream of carrying enhanced granule secretly is injected in the matrix metal liquid (1), enhanced granule is preheating to predetermined temperature by the ionization device (2) of common plasma cast, this ionization device (2) is fitted with measuring apparatus (3), passes through ionization device so that form the flow of powder of predetermined flow velocity.Particle temperature Tp can change, and the variation of purity that can be by detect spraying the matrix metal liquid before and after the solid powder/particle is monitored.Tp calculates with following formula:
Tp=θ· (Cm)/(Cp) · (Mm)/(Mp) (1- (Tm·(1+K
N))/(θ) )
In the formula: the temperature of the molten metal of Q-after attaching methylate, ℃
The temperature of the matrix metal liquid of Tm-before adding additive, ℃
The specific heat of Cm-matrix metal,
The quality of Mm-metal, Kg
Cp-particulate specific heat,
Mp-particulate quality, Kg
K
N-non-dimensional coefficient is considered under the situation of preheating when handling with the air-flow that does not add the particulate ionized gas, to the air cooled heat affecting on molten metal surface.For the molten metal of 5Kg, when ionized argon gas stream is 0.1M/min, K
N=0.05-0.06.
In the process of additive spray, stir the molten metal mixture with Magnetic Induction device (4).Behind the solid additive that adds predetermined amount, remove stopper (5) from crucible, allow liquid-solid mixture pour in the mold of steel by the hole of crucible bottom.Use the punching block (6) of 50mm diameter, and stir the mixture of molten metal-solid particulate till they solidify in mold with ultra-sonic generator (7).The solid foundry goods of the 2.5Kg that obtains is carried out hot extrusion.More following parameters are measured the matrix material that makes is carried out quality evaluation.
-chemistry and structural uniformity;
The size of-enhanced granule;
The intensity of-matrix material;
By changing the chemical ununiformity of coming evaluating combined material perpendicular to enhanced granule components contents in each cross section of foundry goods of casting direction, chemical ununiformity COEFFICIENT K is determined by following formula:
In the formula: Ck-is at the content of the enhanced granule composition of K cross section of foundry goods, %(weight).
The number of the cross section that n-analyzed;
Cmax, the maximum value and the minimum value of Cmin-enhanced granule content in the foundry goods cross section, %(weight)
The structural inhomogeneity of matrix material is assessed with the variation of the mean sizes of enhanced granule, and represents with total Kav:
In the formula: i particulate mean sizes of di-, micron
Particulate overall dimension and minimum size thereof that dmax, dmin-analyzed.
The numbers of particles that n-is analyzed.
The intensity of matrix material MPQ(UTS) is assessed by measuring limit tensile strength Rm.The chemical ingredients precision is measured for ± 0.01% ARL72000 quantitative instrument; And but constructional feature is measured with the Omnimet2 structural analysis instrument that magnification reaches element in 3000 times Me F-3A opticmicroscope and the quantitative assay structure.Intensity is that 100,000 newton's UTS-100 tensile testing machine is measured with maximum reinforcing then.All aforesaid devices all are common equipments.Table 1 shows test-results.
Testing data proves: adopt the matrix material sample of making among the No:6,9,12,36,42,51,57,66,69,72 test of the method for manufacturing metal-base composites of the present invention can guarantee best characteristic.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the material synthetic in ionized gas-entrained environment that mixes of making matrix material goes out.The nascent material that ionized gas surrounded by cleaning that so produces is added in the matrix metal liquid, and molten metal then carries out physical agitation with for example method such as magnetic and ultrasonic technique and is evenly dispersed in the metallic matrix with the material synthetic.Mixing material is to carry out synthetic by the reagent that mixes material in order to manufacturing of stoichiometric quantity basically with adding.For example when making the titanium nitride filler, the ratio of the titanium valve of 20-50 micron in following formula is entrained in the nitrogen:
2Ti+N
2-2TiN
The Ti/N mixture feeds in the ionized inert gas flow, and be exposed in the ionized gas of 2200-3000 ℃ of temperature range with time enough, so that finish the TiN of the reaction formation vapour phase between titanium and the nitrogen, the rare gas element that the TiN of vapour phase is ionized is entrained on the surface of matrix metal liquid such as aluminium for example, molten metal is subjected to physical agitation so that titanium nitride is evenly dispersed in the little volume of cutting apart, when matrix metal solidified, they just provided superfine to strengthen and have mixed the material particle.
Other mix material and can be synthesized similarly, as shown in the formula:
The 3Si(powder)+2N
2-SiN
The Ti(powder)+the 3Al(powder)-TiAl
3
The temperature of matrix metal liquid keeps cooling off the interpolation material makes synthetic interpolation material can unexpectedly not be dissolved in the temperature in the matrix metal liquid.
In another embodiment of the present invention, carbonaceous gas, as hydrocarbon polymer, propane, butane Sweet natural gas, methane, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas etc. with the mixture of the air-flow of ionization rare gas element in ionization and disassociation.The carbon dissociation product is monoatomic carbon, and it is injected in the matrix metal liquid as blast blending.For oxygen containing gas, d/d antozone be a kind of and matrix metal liquid for example aluminium react, and in molten metal, form the superfine aluminium oxide Al
2O
3Mix material particulate ionized gas stream.
Practice of the present invention according to being listed in material in condition in the table 2 and the use table 2 joins described additive in the matrix material of making the mechanical property with improvement in the described matrix metal liquid.
Table 1
Claims (13)
1, makes the method for matrix material, comprise following step: the additive granules of wearing into powder is entrained in the ionized inert gas flow, ionization rare gas element, the heat that produces with ionization gas are heated to solid particulate to be lower than because of fusing, distillation or decomposition can make solid particulate and become non-solid-state temperature, but is higher than this fusing, distillation or decomposition temperature half; Described ionized inert gas flow and the stream that is entrained with warmed-up solid particulate are injected to the mixture that forms thin loose solid particulate and molten metal in the molten metal, in the mixture of molten metal and solid particulate, cause physical agitation that solid particulate is evenly distributed in the molten metal then, molten metal is continued to carry out physical agitation till the mixture of finely divided particle and concrete metal solidifies fully.
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that molten metal and solid particulate begin just to be contained in the crucible, described stirring is provided by the magnetic devices that is arranged on the crucible outside, the mixture of a part described molten metal and solid particulate pours in the mold, and provides stirring to mixture by being arranged on the outer Vltrasonic device of mold.
3, make the method for matrix material, comprise following step: a certain proportion of fine-grained solids and/or gas-phase reaction agent are entrained in the air-flow of ionization rare gas element so that form predetermined composition by reacting, the reaction product that the above-mentioned reagent that is entrained in the described ionization rare gas element reacts generation penetrates in the metal pool; Described metal pool is carried out physical agitation, make described reaction product equably disperse in the molten bath.
4, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described matrix metal is to be selected from aluminium, iron, magnesium, copper, nickel, chromium, the titanium, described additive material is binary or the multi-element compounds that is selected from a kind of and other metal in the matrix metal, or the carbide of metal, nitride, carbonitride, oxide compound and boride.
5, a kind of matrix material or alloy with equally distributed composition, described matrix material or alloy be by be ionized gas heating additive granules be ejected into and constantly shifted out institute's synthetic material in the matrix metal liquid of physical agitation and from inlet zone, under the condition that keeps physical agitation continuously, cool off then and make.
6, according to described matrix material of claim 5 or alloy, it is characterized in that described matrix metal is to be selected from aluminium, iron, magnesium, copper, nickel, chromium, titanium, described additive material is binary or the multi-element compounds that is selected from a kind of and other metal in the matrix metal, or the carbide of metal, nitride, carbonitride, oxide compound and boride.
7, make the device of matrix material, comprising:
(I) holds the crucible of matrix metal liquid;
Near the plasma producing apparatus that (II) is provided with crucible, be used for receiving inert gas flow and carried secretly mix the material particle, and above-mentioned rare gas element is carried out ionization, thereby and heat described filler particles;
(III) described ionization gas and warmed-up particle jetting in described crucible and infiltrate mechanism in the molten metal in the crucible;
(IV) is contained in the mechanism of the continuous stirring molten metal on crucible next door;
(V) receives the casting mold apparatus of the molten metal that contains filler particles of emitting in the crucible; With
(VI) is contained in the mechanism of the continuous stirring molten metal on casting mold apparatus next door.
8, in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that described crucible is with cover, the particulate device that sprays ionized gas and heating passes this lid.
9, in accordance with the method for claim 7, the device that it is characterized in that stirring the molten metal in the crucible is the magnetic stirring mechanism.
10, in accordance with the method for claim 7, the mechanism that it is characterized in that stirring the molten metal in the mold is a ultrasonic transmitters.
11, in accordance with the method for claim 7, the bottom of described crucible is passed by the particulate mechanism that it is characterized in that spraying ionized gas and heating.
12, in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that described ultrasonic transmitters is arranged near the top of crucible.
13, in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that the particle mechanism of described ultrasonic transmitters and injection ionized gas and heating is horizontally disposed, the molten metal in the crucible is rotated.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU4867973 | 1990-09-19 | ||
| SU4867973/02A RU2020042C1 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Method of manufacture of composite material castings on metal base |
| US07/740,823 | 1991-08-08 | ||
| US07/740,823 US5305817A (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1991-08-08 | Method for production of metal base composite material |
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|---|---|
| CN1062769A true CN1062769A (en) | 1992-07-15 |
Family
ID=26666243
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91109009.6A Pending CN1062769A (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1991-09-18 | Make the method and apparatus of metal-base composites |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0673469A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1062769A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9103931A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2051605A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4131239C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2036134B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2666819B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2248071A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1258217B (en) |
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-
1991
- 1991-09-11 FR FR9111201A patent/FR2666819B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-12 BR BR919103931A patent/BR9103931A/en unknown
- 1991-09-13 IT ITMI912431A patent/IT1258217B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-09-14 ES ES9102050A patent/ES2036134B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-16 GB GB9119770A patent/GB2248071A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-09-17 CA CA002051605A patent/CA2051605A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-09-18 CN CN91109009.6A patent/CN1062769A/en active Pending
- 1991-09-18 JP JP3267217A patent/JPH0673469A/en active Pending
- 1991-09-19 DE DE4131239A patent/DE4131239C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1037013C (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1998-01-14 | 北京工业大学 | Forming method of Al2O3 base casting composite material self-formed from reaction |
| TWI458837B (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2014-11-01 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Method for making magnesium matrix composite material |
| CN101733368B (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2012-04-25 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Method for preparing metal-based composite material |
| CN104388793A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州蔻美新材料有限公司 | Medical metal ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105300125A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-03 | 银邦金属复合材料股份有限公司 | Stirring and conveying mechanism |
| CN111041288A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-21 | 江苏大学 | High-toughness anti-fatigue in-situ aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITMI912431A1 (en) | 1993-03-13 |
| IT1258217B (en) | 1996-02-21 |
| FR2666819A1 (en) | 1992-03-20 |
| GB9119770D0 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
| ES2036134A1 (en) | 1993-05-01 |
| DE4131239A1 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
| ITMI912431A0 (en) | 1991-09-13 |
| DE4131239C2 (en) | 1996-12-05 |
| GB2248071A (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| FR2666819B1 (en) | 1994-09-23 |
| ES2036134B1 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
| JPH0673469A (en) | 1994-03-15 |
| CA2051605A1 (en) | 1992-03-20 |
| BR9103931A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
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