CN101733368B - Method for preparing metal-based composite material - Google Patents
Method for preparing metal-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101733368B CN101733368B CN2008102273277A CN200810227327A CN101733368B CN 101733368 B CN101733368 B CN 101733368B CN 2008102273277 A CN2008102273277 A CN 2008102273277A CN 200810227327 A CN200810227327 A CN 200810227327A CN 101733368 B CN101733368 B CN 101733368B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a metal-based composite material. The method comprises the following steps of: adding reinforcing particles into a molten metal in a ratio; and transferring impulsive high-pressure inert gas flow to the molten metal by a nozzle, wherein the high-pressure impulsive gas flow forms periodical bubbles in the molten metal and the bubbles are quickly expanded; and a strong vortex flow is formed due to the motion of the impulsive gas flow, so that the reinforcing particles are evenly dispersed in the molten metal. The particle reinforcing metal-based composite material has the advantages of wide material application range, no pollution against the composite materials, low cost, high efficiency and good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of metal-base composites, particularly a kind of air pulse legal system is equipped with the method for metal-base composites, belongs to non-ferrous metal preparation and manufacture field.
Background technology
Modern social development requires increasingly highly to material, for example aspect structural material, often needs material that high specific strength and specific stiffness are arranged.Composite can be good at satisfying these needs as a kind of material of artificial design.Composite generally is made up of matrix and enhancing body, and particles reiforced metal-base composition adds enhanced granule exactly in metallic matrix, and these enhanced granule are evenly distributed in the metallic matrix, make material list reveal special performances.At present, multiple particles reiforced metal-base composition to be to be applied, the particle reinforced aluminium-based and magnesium base composite material like SiC.
The preparation technology of existing particles reiforced metal-base composition mainly contains powder metallurgic method, stirring casting method and in-situ regeneration method etc.Powder metallurgic method can be prepared high performance composite, but this method needs technical process such as powder process, mixed powder, hot pressing, so the preparation cost of composite is very high, can't be used widely.The in-situ regeneration method obtains required enhanced granule through chemical reaction in the control melt, and this method technological process is simple, but very big to the kind limitation of matrix material and enhanced granule, and the volume fraction of enhanced granule is lower, is difficult to obtain practical application.Stirring casting method is a kind of composite material preparation process cheaply; This method mainly is rotated in the strong turbulent flow of generation in the melt through the high speed of agitator; Realize the even distribution of enhanced granule in melt; Have the patent of multinomial mechanical agitator at present both at home and abroad, applied for that like the U.S. Dural company mechanical agitation prepares the patent US4759995 of composite, and adopted this patented technology to prepare the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.Northeastern University has applied for that electromagnetic agitation prepares aluminum matrix composite patent ZL03134180.2, and prepares Al with this patent
2O
3Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.But the existing mechanical stirring means is exposed to mostly in the air and carries out, and turbulent melt contacts with air and can cause in the melt air-breathing seriously, and can form a large amount of oxide inclusions, and the mechanical property of composite is worsened; High-temperature metal melt has than severe corrosive agitator, and high-speed stirred can be quickened this corrosion, and corrosion product can further pollution metal melt.Owing to these a series of reasons, limited the generally use of stirring casting method.At present, need develop and to prepare low-cost, high-quality composite new method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to defective to existing composite material and preparation method thereof existence; Provide a kind of applied widely; Pollution-free to composite, cost is low, and efficient is high; The preparation method of the metal-base composites that has a good application prospect adopts this method can obtain high-quality particles reiforced metal-base composition.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of metal-base composites, its step is following:
(1) parent metal is dropped into is melted to liquid state in the smelting furnace; The enhanced granule that is of a size of 0.5 μ m～20 μ m, 5～30vol.% is put into crucible and is preheating to close temperature, and crucible bottom is equipped with nozzle;
(2) 70～95vol.% parent metal melt is poured in the crucible, protective cover and crucible cover are installed on crucible top; Open gas cylinder, regulate pressure-reducing valve and pulse signal generator, air pulse is in magnetic valve gets into crucible and from nozzle, spray, and wherein decompression back air pressure range is 0.1～0.9MPa, pulse signal frequency scope 1～30Hz;
(3) air pulse forms bubble in melt, and the rising of expanding gradually, drives the crucible bottom enhanced granule and gets into melt inside, and melt is descending along the crucible inwall simultaneously, and the convective motion of melt makes enhanced granule be distributed to melt inside gradually;
(4) melt produces strong turbulent flow in the generation of bubble period property and rising and the whole crucible of drive that breaks; The particle of the turbulent agglomerated that metal is strong scatter; Confirm the air pulse processing time based on metal bath what and enhanced granule size, among final enhanced granule evenly spreads to;
(5) finely dispersed Composite Melt is carried out cast form, obtain composite ingot casting or drip molding.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that: the described parent metal material of step (1) is aluminium alloy, copper alloy, magnesium alloy.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that: the described enhanced granule of step (1) is SiC, Al
2O
3, MgO, B
4C.
A kind of optimized technical scheme; It is characterized in that: the described nozzle of step (1) can have one or more, and nozzle arrangements is the annular distance structure, and wherein centre bore is the gas access; The hole is a gas vent all around, and angle [alpha]/2 of the center line of gas vent and gas access center line are 15～60 °.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that: protective cover and the crucible inwall that install on the said crucible of step (2) top have certain interval, and protective cover is a pyramidal structure, and the cone angle beta scope is 90～170 °.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that: store inert gas in the described gas cylinder of step (2).
The equipment that the present invention uses comprises gas cylinder, pressure-reducing valve, pulse signal generator, magnetic valve, melting kettle, protective cover, wireway, nozzle etc.Wherein store inert gas in the gas cylinder, get in the nozzle through wireway, pressure-reducing valve is controlled the pressure of air-flow, the Kai Heguan of pulse signal generator control magnetic valve, thereby in wireway, produces the air pulse of certain frequency.One or more nozzles link to each other with wireway and are installed in crucible bottom, and air pulse sprays from nozzle and forms periodically bubble.There are the gap in the taper protective cover and the crucible inwall on crucible top, can guarantee the gas discharging, can prevent splashing of metal bath again.The diffusing uniform Composite Melt of passages through which vital energy circulates qi of chong channel ascending adversely flow point can directly be carried out cast form.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, method of the present invention can realize the efficient dispersion of enhanced granule in melt.The present invention disperses through the motion realization uniform particles of air pulse in melt; Need not other mechanical external force, energy consumption is low, and efficient is high; And avoided that agitator has reduced the preparation cost of composite to the pollution of melt and the loss of agitator self in the traditional mechanical stirring means.
2, adopt the air pulse of inert gas, also can play the cleaning molten effect, avoid the inner air-breathing and formation oxide inclusion of melt.
3, the complete equipment of this method employing is simple in structure, easy to operate, has a good application prospect.
4, this method is applied widely, and inert gas is pollution-free to composite.
Through the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is further specified below, but and do not mean that restriction protection domain of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is equipped with the composite sketch map for the air pulse legal system;
Fig. 2 is the nozzle arrangements sketch map;
Fig. 3 is the protective cover sketch map.
The specific embodiment
A kind of low-cost composite material and preparation method thereof, the system that is adopted is as shown in Figure 1, is made up of gas cylinder 1, pressure-reducing valve 2, pulse signal generator 3, magnetic valve 4, wireway 5, crucible cover 6, protective cover 7, crucible 8, heating furnace 9, nozzle 10.Gas cylinder 1 links to each other with pressure-reducing valve 2, magnetic valve 4, nozzle 10 through wireway 5, the switch of pulse signal generator 3 control magnetic valves 4, and crucible 8 is placed in the heating furnace 9, and crucible 8 tops are equipped with protective cover 7 and crucible cover 6, and the bottom is equipped with nozzle 10.
Described nozzle can have one or more, and nozzle arrangements is the annular distance structure, and wherein centre bore 11 is the gas access, and hole 12 is a gas vent all around, and the center line of pore and nozzle centerline angle [alpha]/2 are 15～60 °, and are as shown in Figure 2.Storing inert gas in the gas cylinder, can be N
2, Ar, CO
2Deng.
In the practical implementation process, install protective cover 7 and crucible cover 6 after pouring into metal bath and enhanced granule in the crucible 8, through heating furnace 9 control melt temperatures.Open the gas cylinder 1 that is full of inert gas, and regulate pressure-reducing valve 2, open pulse signal generator 3 to suitable pressure, the Kai Heguan of the pulse electrical signal control magnetic valve 4 of generation, thus in wireway 5, form air pulse.Air pulse gets into through wireway 5 and is placed in the nozzle 10 of crucible 8 bottoms; Air pulse forms bubble and drives the enhanced granule rising of bottom in melt; Gas is overflowed from protective cover 7 and the gap of crucible 8 inwalls and the center of crucible cover 6 then, and protective cover 7 can prevent splashing of the metal liquid of gas from bath surface effusion process.
As shown in Figure 3, protective cover and the crucible inwall that install on said crucible top have certain interval, and protective cover is a pyramidal structure, and the cone angle beta scope is 90～170 °.
Embodiment 1
With 5kg aluminium alloy 2024 meltings to 650 ℃ also insulation; With average grain diameter is the B of 10 μ m
4The C particle is poured in the crucible 8, through heating furnace 9 control melt temperatures to 650 ℃, 2024 aluminium alloys of melting is quantitatively poured in the crucible into B again
415%, 2024 aluminium alloys that the C particle accounts for total volume fraction account for 85% of total volume fraction, install protective cover 7 and open N afterwards with crucible cover 6
2Gas cylinder is regulated pressure-reducing valve, pulse signal generator and magnetic valve, and wherein decompression back air pressure is 0.6MPa, pulse signal frequency 3Hz.Air pulse sprays from nozzle and forms periodically bubble, the SiC particle come-up of bubbles entrain bottom, and be distributed to melt inside, after handling through the 5min air pulse, the SiC particle disperses even basically, pours finely dispersed Composite Melt into mould, obtains B
4C/2024Al composite ingot casting.The center line of nozzle pore and nozzle centerline angle [alpha]/2 are 15 °, and protective cover pyramidal structure, cone angle beta scope are 90 °.
With 3kg magnesium alloy AZ91 melting to 640 ℃ also insulation; Average grain diameter be the SiC particle of 5 μ m in crucible after the preheating,, the magnesium alloy AZ91 with melting quantitatively pours in the crucible again; The SiC particle account for total volume fraction 20%, magnesium alloy AZ91 accounts for 80% of total volume fraction, air pulse is selected argon gas for use, decompression back air pressure is 0.3MPa; Pulse frequency is 10Hz, and air pulse sprays from the annular distance nozzle and forms periodically bubble, in melt, forms strong turbulent flow; The SiC particle is distributed in the melt gradually; Pulse gas was handled after 3 minutes, and the SiC uniform particles is distributed in the melt, and melt cooling subsequently obtains the composite ingot casting.The center line of nozzle pore and nozzle centerline angle [alpha]/2 are 60 °, and protective cover pyramidal structure, cone angle beta scope are 170 °.
With ℃ also insulation of 8kg pure copper smelting to 1200; With average grain diameter is the Al of 20 μ m
2O
3Pour into after the particle preheating in the crucible 8, again the copper melts of melting is quantitatively poured in the crucible into Al
2O
3Particle accounts for 5% of total volume fraction, and fine copper accounts for 95% of total volume fraction, installs protective cover 7 and opens N afterwards with crucible cover 6
2Gas cylinder is regulated pressure-reducing valve, pulse signal generator and magnetic valve, and wherein decompression back air pressure is 0.9MPa, pulse signal frequency 30Hz.Air pulse sprays from nozzle and forms periodically bubble, the Al of bubbles entrain bottom
2O
3The particle come-up, and be distributed to melt inside, after handling through the 1min air pulse, Al
2O
3Particle disperses even basically, pours finely dispersed Composite Melt into mould, obtains Al
2O
3/ Cu composite ingot casting.The center line of nozzle pore and nozzle centerline angle [alpha]/2 are 30 °, and protective cover pyramidal structure, cone angle beta scope are 120 °.
With 5kg aluminium alloy A356 melting to 660 ℃ also insulation; Be to pour in the crucible 8 after the MgO particle preheating of 0.5 μ m average grain diameter; Quantitatively pour into the aluminium alloy 2024 of melting in the crucible again; The MgO particle account for total volume fraction 30%, aluminium alloy 2024 accounts for 70% of total volume fraction, opens N after installing protective cover 7 and crucible cover 6
2Gas cylinder is regulated pressure-reducing valve, pulse signal generator and magnetic valve, and wherein decompression back air pressure is 0.1MPa, pulse signal frequency 1Hz.Air pulse sprays from nozzle and forms periodically bubble; The MgO particle come-up of bubbles entrain bottom; And be distributed to melt inside, after handling through the 10min air pulse, the MgO particle disperses even basically; Pour finely dispersed Composite Melt into mould, obtain MgO/A356 composite ingot casting.The center line of nozzle pore and nozzle centerline angle [alpha]/2 are 45 °, the protective cover pyramidal structure, and cone angle beta is 150 °
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a metal-base composites, its step is following:
(1) also insulation on melting parent metal material to the liquidus temperature; The enhanced granule that is of a size of 0.5 μ m～20 μ m, 5～30vol.% is put into crucible and is preheating to close temperature, and crucible bottom is equipped with nozzle;
(2) 70～95vol.% parent metal melt is poured in the crucible, protective cover and crucible cover are installed on crucible top; Open gas cylinder, regulate pressure-reducing valve and pulse signal generator, air pulse is in magnetic valve gets into crucible and from nozzle, spray, and wherein decompression back air pressure range is 0.1～0.9MPa, pulse signal frequency scope 1～30Hz; Store inert gas in the described gas cylinder;
(3) air pulse forms bubble in melt, and the rising of expanding gradually, drives the crucible bottom enhanced granule and gets into melt inside, and bubble motion at the strong turbulent flow of melt generation, makes enhanced granule evenly spread to melt inside simultaneously;
(4) melt produces strong turbulent flow in the generation of bubble period property and rising and the whole crucible of drive that breaks; The particle of the turbulent agglomerated that metal is strong scatter; Confirm the air pulse processing time based on metal bath what and enhanced granule size, final enhanced granule evenly spreads among the melt;
(5) finely dispersed Composite Melt is carried out cast form, obtain composite ingot casting or drip molding.
2. the preparation method of metal-base composites according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described parent metal material of said step (1) is aluminium alloy, copper alloy, magnesium alloy.
3. the preparation method of metal-base composites according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described enhanced granule of said step (1) is SiC, Al
2O
3, MgO, B
4C.
4. the preparation method of metal-base composites according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the described nozzle of said step (1) can have one or more; Nozzle arrangements is the annular distance structure; Wherein centre bore is the gas access, is gas vent all around, and the center line of gas vent and nozzle centerline angle [alpha]/2 are 15～60 °.
5. the preparation method of metal-base composites according to claim 1 is characterized in that: protective cover and the crucible inwall that install on the described crucible of said step (2) top have certain interval, and protective cover is a pyramidal structure, and the cone angle beta scope is 90～170 °.
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| CN101733368B true CN101733368B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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| CN103972117B (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-08-24 | 许昌学院 | A kind of flexible automatic ball-embedding device and ball-establishing method |
| CN106270420B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-06-15 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Scattered apparatus and method are broken in the cutting of metal bath Homogenization Treatments |
| WO2016180362A1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2016-11-17 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Cutting and breaking device for homogenizing and refining metallic melts and rheological forming method |
| CN105446383A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-30 | 苟仲武 | Pulse width modulation gas-based depressurizing method and device |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062769A (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-07-15 | 全苏铝镁、电极工业科学研究设计院 | Make the method and apparatus of metal-base composites |
| EP0680520A1 (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-11-08 | Alcan Int Ltd | Production of particle-stabilized metal foams. |
| KR100653161B1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-12-01 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Pressure-casting method of semisolid Al matrix composite |
| CN2873796Y (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2007-02-28 | 上海大学 | Device for preparing metal base composite material by blowing air feeding method |
| CN101091889A (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2007-12-26 | 沈阳航空工业学院 | Method and equipment for preparing Nano composite material based on expansion bubble method |
-
2008
- 2008-11-26 CN CN2008102273277A patent/CN101733368B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062769A (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-07-15 | 全苏铝镁、电极工业科学研究设计院 | Make the method and apparatus of metal-base composites |
| EP0680520A1 (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-11-08 | Alcan Int Ltd | Production of particle-stabilized metal foams. |
| KR100653161B1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-12-01 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Pressure-casting method of semisolid Al matrix composite |
| CN2873796Y (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2007-02-28 | 上海大学 | Device for preparing metal base composite material by blowing air feeding method |
| CN101091889A (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2007-12-26 | 沈阳航空工业学院 | Method and equipment for preparing Nano composite material based on expansion bubble method |
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Effective date of registration: 20190703 Address after: 101407 No. 11 Xingke East Street, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee after: Research Institute of engineering and Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 100088 No. 2 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing Patentee before: General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals |
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Effective date of registration: 20210722 Address after: 101407 No.11, Xingke East Street, Yanqi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee after: Youyan metal composite technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 101407 No. 11 Xingke East Street, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee before: YOUYAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. |
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